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This study focuses on the reciprocating vibration membrane bioreactor (VMBR) technology and has established a pilot-scale low energy consumption reciprocating membrane bioreactor (LEP-N-MBR) system to treat the A2/O effluent from wastewater treatment plants, with a treatment capacity of 350m3/d. The findings revealed that during the entire operation, the energy consumption of the vibration membrane was only 0.020 (kW·h)/m3, which significantly reduced the energy consumption of the MBR. At a sludge concentration (MLSS) of 3000mg/L, the removal rates for TN and COD were 53.78% and 61.76%, respectively, with an effluent NH4+-N concentration of only 0.51mg/L. However, when the MLSS increased to 6000mg/L, the effluent NH4+-N concentration increased to 2.07mg/L, and compared to when the MLSS was 3000mg/L, the membrane operation cycle was shortened by 33.3%. Batch testing indicated that the maximum ammonia oxidation rate and denitrification rate of the system's sludge were 3.65 and 5.55mg/(g·h), respectively. High-throughput sequencing indicated that under low-nutrient conditions, the reciprocating vibration membrane facilitated the release of organic matter on the membrane surface, which was then utilized by microorganisms such as Hyphomicrobium and norank_f__Microtrichaceae to enhance nitrogen removal efficiency through metabolic processes. The low-consumption and high-efficiency pilot LEP-N-MBR system can provide new technical perspectives and theoretical guidance for urban wastewater treatment plants, and assist in achieving the goals of “dual carbon”.

, correspAuthors=Chong-jun CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Kai TANG, Can-hui SONG, Qian-fei CAO, Tian-yi AN, Yang LIU, Fan ZHOU, Gui-quan DU, Fa-qian SUN, Chong-jun CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240689594358879099, articleId=1240689590844052295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=CN, title=低耗往复式膜生物反应器系统的中试应用研究, columnId=1234106386565624579, journalTitle=中国环境科学, columnName=水污染与控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以往复式振动膜生物反应器(VMBR)技术为核心,构建了低耗往复式膜生物反应器(LEP-N-MBR)中试系统,以处理污水处理厂A2/O出水,污水处理量为350m3/d.结果发现,整个运行阶段振动膜能耗仅为0.020 (kW·h)/m3,MBR能耗得到极大降低.当系统污泥浓度(MLSS)为3000mg/L时TN和COD去除率分别为53.78%和61.76%,出水NH4+-N仅为0.51mg/L;而MLSS为6000mg/L时,出水NH4+-N浓度升高至2.07mg/L,同时相较于MLSS为3000mg/L时,膜运行周期缩短33.3%.批次测试显示,系统污泥的最高氨氧化速率和反硝化速率分别为3.65,5.55mg/(g⋅h).高通量测序表明,低营养环境下,往复振动膜促进了膜表面有机物的释放,被Hyphomicrobium以及norank_f__Microtrichaceae等利用代谢强化了脱氮效果.低耗高效的中试LEP-N-MBR系统可为城镇污水处理厂提供技术新视角与理论指导,助力实现“双碳”目标.

, correspAuthors=陈重军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*责任作者,教授,
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汤凯(1996-),江苏淮安人,苏州科技大学硕士研究生,主要研究废水处理与资源化利用与技术.发表论文2篇. .

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汤凯(1996-),江苏淮安人,苏州科技大学硕士研究生,主要研究废水处理与资源化利用与技术.发表论文2篇. .

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汤凯(1996-),江苏淮安人,苏州科技大学硕士研究生,主要研究废水处理与资源化利用与技术.发表论文2篇. .

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(a)装置主体(b)膜运动架(c)膜框架及膜箱(d)往复运动电机(e)泵与管道、电控系统

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Aerobic tank effluent quality of urban wastewater treatment plant

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成分单位范围
pH值/6.7~7.4
CODmg/L31.7~53.0
NH4+-Nmg/L4.2~9.0
NO3--Nmg/L2.9~6.8
TNmg/L8.6~13.5
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城镇污水处理厂好氧池出水水质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分单位范围
pH值/6.7~7.4
CODmg/L31.7~53.0
NH4+-Nmg/L4.2~9.0
NO3--Nmg/L2.9~6.8
TNmg/L8.6~13.5
), ArticleFig(id=1240715197485208484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689590844052295, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Operating parameters of different stages of the pilot LEP-N-MBR system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶段天数(d)污泥浓度(mg/L)振幅(cm)频率(Hz)
Phase I1~60300055
Phase II61~120450055
Phase III121~180600055
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中试LEP-N-MBR系统不同阶段运行参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶段天数(d)污泥浓度(mg/L)振幅(cm)频率(Hz)
Phase I1~60300055
Phase II61~120450055
Phase III121~180600055
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低耗往复式膜生物反应器系统的中试应用研究
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汤凯 1 , 宋灿辉 2 , 曹茜斐 1 , 安天一 1 , 刘洋 1 , 周钒 3 , 杜桂泉 1 , 孙法迁 4 , 陈重军 1, 5, *
中国环境科学 | 水污染与控制 2025,45(2): 727-735
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中国环境科学 | 水污染与控制 2025, 45(2): 727-735
低耗往复式膜生物反应器系统的中试应用研究
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汤凯1 , 宋灿辉2, 曹茜斐1, 安天一1, 刘洋1, 周钒3, 杜桂泉1, 孙法迁4, 陈重军1, 5, *
作者信息
  • 1.苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏 苏州 215009
  • 2.苏州苏科环保科技有限公司,江苏 苏州 215001
  • 3.江苏创盛环境监测技术有限公司,江苏 苏州 215011
  • 4.浙江师范大学地理与环境科学学院,浙江 金华 321004
  • 5.苏州科技大学,江苏省水处理技术与材料协同创新中心,江苏 苏州 215009
  • 汤凯(1996-),江苏淮安人,苏州科技大学硕士研究生,主要研究废水处理与资源化利用与技术.发表论文2篇. .

通讯作者:

*责任作者,教授,
Pilot application study of the LEP-N-MBR system
Kai TANG1 , Can-hui SONG2, Qian-fei CAO1, Tian-yi AN1, Yang LIU1, Fan ZHOU3, Gui-quan DU1, Fa-qian SUN4, Chong-jun CHEN1, 5, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
  • 2.Suzhou Suke Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215001, China
  • 3.Jiangsu Chuangsheng Environmental Monitoring Technology Co., Ltd., Suzou 215011, China
  • 4.College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
  • 5.Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
出版时间: 2025-02-20
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以往复式振动膜生物反应器(VMBR)技术为核心,构建了低耗往复式膜生物反应器(LEP-N-MBR)中试系统,以处理污水处理厂A2/O出水,污水处理量为350m3/d.结果发现,整个运行阶段振动膜能耗仅为0.020 (kW·h)/m3,MBR能耗得到极大降低.当系统污泥浓度(MLSS)为3000mg/L时TN和COD去除率分别为53.78%和61.76%,出水NH4+-N仅为0.51mg/L;而MLSS为6000mg/L时,出水NH4+-N浓度升高至2.07mg/L,同时相较于MLSS为3000mg/L时,膜运行周期缩短33.3%.批次测试显示,系统污泥的最高氨氧化速率和反硝化速率分别为3.65,5.55mg/(g⋅h).高通量测序表明,低营养环境下,往复振动膜促进了膜表面有机物的释放,被Hyphomicrobium以及norank_f__Microtrichaceae等利用代谢强化了脱氮效果.低耗高效的中试LEP-N-MBR系统可为城镇污水处理厂提供技术新视角与理论指导,助力实现“双碳”目标.

往复式振动膜生物反应器  /  脱氮除碳  /  微生物群落结构  /  能耗

This study focuses on the reciprocating vibration membrane bioreactor (VMBR) technology and has established a pilot-scale low energy consumption reciprocating membrane bioreactor (LEP-N-MBR) system to treat the A2/O effluent from wastewater treatment plants, with a treatment capacity of 350m3/d. The findings revealed that during the entire operation, the energy consumption of the vibration membrane was only 0.020 (kW·h)/m3, which significantly reduced the energy consumption of the MBR. At a sludge concentration (MLSS) of 3000mg/L, the removal rates for TN and COD were 53.78% and 61.76%, respectively, with an effluent NH4+-N concentration of only 0.51mg/L. However, when the MLSS increased to 6000mg/L, the effluent NH4+-N concentration increased to 2.07mg/L, and compared to when the MLSS was 3000mg/L, the membrane operation cycle was shortened by 33.3%. Batch testing indicated that the maximum ammonia oxidation rate and denitrification rate of the system's sludge were 3.65 and 5.55mg/(g·h), respectively. High-throughput sequencing indicated that under low-nutrient conditions, the reciprocating vibration membrane facilitated the release of organic matter on the membrane surface, which was then utilized by microorganisms such as Hyphomicrobium and norank_f__Microtrichaceae to enhance nitrogen removal efficiency through metabolic processes. The low-consumption and high-efficiency pilot LEP-N-MBR system can provide new technical perspectives and theoretical guidance for urban wastewater treatment plants, and assist in achieving the goals of “dual carbon”.

VMBR  /  denitrogenation and decarbonization  /  microbial community structure  /  energy consumption
汤凯, 宋灿辉, 曹茜斐, 安天一, 刘洋, 周钒, 杜桂泉, 孙法迁, 陈重军. 低耗往复式膜生物反应器系统的中试应用研究. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (2) : 727 -735 .
Kai TANG, Can-hui SONG, Qian-fei CAO, Tian-yi AN, Yang LIU, Fan ZHOU, Gui-quan DU, Fa-qian SUN, Chong-jun CHEN. Pilot application study of the LEP-N-MBR system[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (2) : 727 -735 .
随着我国“碳中和”与“碳达峰”目标的提出,城镇污水处理厂的减碳与降耗已成为污水处理行业的重要需求[1].膜分离技术与生物处理工艺相结合的膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺,具有运行负荷高、泥水分离效果好、出水质量高、占地面积小、污泥产量低等优点[2-3].然而,根据调查,传统活性污泥工艺改造为MBR工艺后,能耗由0.40(kW·h)/m3显著增加到0.57(kW·h)/m3,实际工程应用中能耗甚至高达0.67(kW·h)/m3.因此,在“双碳”背景下,高能耗成为了MBR工艺大规模应用的重要限制因素[4].
振动膜生物反应器(VMBR)技术作为缓解膜污染的新策略,通过使用轴承,连接杆将膜组件与外部电机连接以实现动态降低污染物沉积速率,延长膜运行周期[5-6].然而已有的污水处理运用VMBR研究在脱氮除碳方向大部分停留在实验室小试阶段.既往研究发现VMBR提升了0.2kg COD/(m3·d)的有机物与4~31mg N/(g·VSS·d)的氮去除能力,实现更高质量出水,而能耗比传统MBR降低10.6%~64.6%[7-8].实验室规模下的振动膜组件通常由电机与振动膜框架内嵌入单个膜组件形成动态系统,导致不同小试之间能耗差距明显.实验室研究与现场中试研究存在较大差异,无论是参数调控还是膜污染控制的实验室小试研究最终的研究过程以及结论都应导向实际工程应用,为城镇污水脱氮除碳的实际化应用提供理论基础.因此亟需开展现场中试规模的VMBR技术研究与验证.
基于此,本研究以VMBR技术为核心,搭建了现场中试规模的低耗往复式膜生物反应器(LEP-N-MBR)系统,装置规模为43.2m3,额定污水处理量为350m3/d.依托城镇污水处理厂内原有A2/O工艺为前置工艺,实现振动膜技术处理城镇污水处理厂尾水,装置共运行180d.探究该中试LEP-N-MBR系统对城镇污水A2/O出水COD,NH4+-N及TN等的去除效能,并以运行跨膜压差(TMP)监测评估膜污染缓解效能,解析中试系统中微生物群落动态演变及协同效应,最后评估了该中试LEP-N-MBR装置的能耗及优势.
本研究进水为苏州某城市污水处理厂前置A2/O中好氧池出水,其水质指标如表1所示.系统中接种污泥取自该污水处理厂中好氧池中污泥混合液,接种污泥初始MLSS为3000mg/L.
LEP-N-MBR中试系统如图1所示,系统由5部分组成:主体尺寸为6m×2.4m×3m(长×宽×高),主要由不锈钢材质制作而成;振动膜系统由可调节的减速电机、曲轴和连接杆等连接膜运动架实现往复式振动;泵与管道系统;中控电气设备柜;PLC自动控制系统.进水泵抽提好氧池出水额定水量通过池体侧部进水口进入该装置系统中(约350m3/d)经过处理由膜抽滤后出水排放,往复式运动系统由带调速的电机连接可伸长连接杆以5cm的振幅,通过控制器调节往复式运动以5Hz频率驱动膜组件形成整个膜框架运动,废水经过膜框架往复式运动后均匀混合;抽滤泵连接膜进行间歇抽滤,将污泥悬浮物保留在反应器内,侧部污泥回流系统定期回流污泥,经过处理的废水由出水管道排入后续处理装置;由可编辑逻辑控制系统监测TMP在压力到达30kPa时启动反洗泵对膜进行反冲洗,同时监测记录往复式运动组件参数;实时监测反应器内污泥浓度与设置值比对,并自动进行污泥浓度调节.
将16个膜箱膜帘(SPMW-13B25)装填进2.5m× 0.95m × 2.9m的膜箱(SKR-13B25-16)形成单个膜组件.膜材质为聚四氟乙烯(PTFE),孔径为0.1µm,总体膜组件面积为400m2,膜组件以恒定通量20L/(m2·h)(LMH),16m3/h的产水流量运行,停歇比为8:2.当TMP达至30kPa对膜进行反冲洗,继续运行后TMP仍然保持10kPa以上再次对膜进行反洗,药剂采取浓度为250mg/L的NaOH混合500mg/L的NaClO反洗2h恢复正常膜通量.
接种污泥期间试运行阶段,往复振动膜组件的振幅调整为2cm,频率为5Hz,并以阶梯式的增加直至5cm和5Hz,以减轻高强度剪切应力对污泥的破碎引起细胞污染物释放以及性能恶化.整个运行分为3个阶段,不同阶段主要运行参数如表2所示.
定期收集污水厂好氧池出水、MBR出水,经0.45µm水系滤膜过滤,置入4℃冰箱待测.COD采用哈希快速消解法,NH4+-N,NO3--N,NO2--N使用标准方法测定[9].使用HQ30d便携式仪表(Hach,美国)定期监测DO浓度与pH值.往复式振动情况下默认MBR池内污泥混合液均匀混合,使用标准重量法定期测量MLSS.
本研究于A2/O的好氧池和MBR池接种污泥并取样保存,并于Phase I阶段的初期与末期,Phase II阶段末期,Phase III阶段初期,Phase III阶段末期各取10mL均匀混合的污泥样品,分别记为A1、A2、A3、A4、A5和M1、M2、M3、M4、M5并储存至-70℃冰箱直至DNA提取.16S rRNA基因Illumina Miseq由上海美吉生物科技有限公司测定,数据分析基于美吉基因云平台,具体高通量测序信息参考文献[10-11].
为探究不同运行阶段废水中污泥活性,于中试Phase I结束停止LEP-N-MBR进水,通入自来水维持振动膜持续运行6h以洗去膜池中残留污染物,并人工配比以15mg/L的NH4+-N投加进中试MBR系统,前2h每隔0.5h取样,后每1h取样测定.NH4+-N批次结束后再次测定水中NO3--N并投加NaNO3配比至15mg/L.同样前2h中每隔0.5h取样,后每1h取样,共计10次.以测算反应器中污泥氨氧化与反硝化速率.
运行中发现Phase III阶段NH4+-N去除性能变差.在Phase III结束阶段,通入自来水维持膜振动运行6h以洗去膜池中残留污染物.本研究对MLSS为6000mg/L中污泥N的释放速率进行测定,以NH4+-N计,每0.5h取样并测定,测算MBR中N释放速率.
根据公式(1)~(3)计算氨氧化速率(T氨氧化),反硝化速率(T反硝化)以及氮释放速率(T氮释放).
式中:∆NH4+-N:反应前后NH4+-N浓度变化;∆NO3--N:反应前后NO3--N浓度变化;∆T:反应前后单位时间,以h计.
中试LEP-N-MBR系统启动阶段的污染物去除性能情况如图2所示,启动阶段Phase I进水(好氧池出水)DO浓度在0.9~1.6mg/L,NH4+-N,TN和COD进水平均浓度分别为5.64,9.83,43.17mg/L,以COD计C/N≈4.4.较低的C/N下NH4+-N几乎被硝化殆尽,平均出水浓度为0.51mg/L,TN出水为3.33mg/L,而COD仅为19.80mg/L.此阶段中TN和COD去除率分别为53.78%和61.76%.同时由于缺乏持续曝气,池中DO相比进水降低至0.5~0.9mg/L.较低的DO浓度下,生活污水生化段出水的TN、COD去除率相对较高,表明中试装置的MLSS为3000mg/L时运行状况良好.随后Phase II阶段,MLSS保持4500mg/L,进水DO、COD、NH4+-N、TN进水平均浓度为0.6~0.9,40.21,6.47,10.96mg/L.系统依旧保持出色的NH4+-N去除性能,出水浓度保持在<1mg/L,TN和COD出水平均浓度为4.75,20.20mg/L,去除率分别为56.63%,47.77%.相比上阶段,TN的去除率有微弱上升,而COD去除率相对下降.可能由于MBR池内MLSS的上升形成低营养水中碳源竞争,系统内发生自适性内源反硝化,实现TN去除率升高,而长期的低碳废水限制水中微生物异养细菌活性导致COD的去除率下降[12].这也可能是由于低碳低DO驱动的同步硝化反硝化,协同增强导致碳源的去除量下降[13].Phase III阶段MLSS调整至6000mg/L后,NH4+-N,TN和COD平均进水浓度为6.96,11.36,39.11mg/L时,系统平均出水浓度分别为2.07,4.80,17.54mg/L,去除率分别为69.34%,57.59%和55.18%.出水NH4+-N浓度相较Phase II上升约1.5mg/L,去除率下降至69.34%,而TN去除率依旧维持在57.59%.推测由于MBR膜的振动作用,污泥絮凝体溶解破碎在水面形成泡沫状漂浮物,因而微生物死亡以及污泥的破碎释放了部分氮素、有机物进入污水导致该阶段NH4+-N浓度升高,而有机物增强了反硝化脱氮导致TN去除率未发生明显降低[14].综上所述,本阶段中Phase I阶段(MLSS为3000mg/L)的LEP-N-MBR系统展现出良好的污染物去除效果.
在Phase I阶段结束后,针对LEP-N-MBR中污泥的氮转化活性,对活性污泥硝化反硝化性能做了短期批次测试,如图3所示,初始进水NH4+-N和NO3--N浓度为15.6,15.3mg/L.批次测试中系统DO为0.5mg/L,初始的0.5h内NH4+-N去除5.47mg/L,为该批次单位时间内最大去除量.最大的瞬时氨氧化速率在初期0.5h内高达3.65mg/(g·h),随后呈现阶梯式下降,由于水中N浓度的下降及匮乏,在2h后速率为1.09mg/(g·h),显著低于前1h的速率1.88mg/(g·h),此时剩余NH4+-N浓度仅为3.92mg/L.由于初期0.5h的高瞬时速率,造成污泥的整体平均氨氧化率较高.反硝化活性测试中在0.5h内相比氨氧化速率,反硝化速率更加快速,达至5.55mg/(g·h).瞬时反硝化速率曲线在前期的下降趋势更加快速,由于0.5h内剩余NO3--N浓度仅为6.97mg/L.2h后瞬时反硝化速率明显平缓趋于0,剩余的NO3--N浓度几乎不再支持微生物捕捉进行反硝化脱氮.系统中异养反硝化微生物由于碳源的长期匮乏受到抑制,驱使内源反硝化的微生物利用潜在碳源脱氮,导致反硝化速率在初期并未达到预期值8~10mg/(g·h),低于报道的13.73mg/(g·h)[15-17].
而在MLSS为6000mg/L的Phase III阶段,如图3A所示,研究发现此阶段由于过高的MLSS浓度以及低浓度进水,整个MBR池内污泥絮凝体推测处于内源呼吸阶段,长期的运行以及往复运动膜的振动,导致污泥絮凝体破碎解体,释放了部分氮,一定程度上造成了出水NH4+-N浓度上升.总的来说Phase I阶段进水较低的污染物浓度并没有在硝化反硝化方面过于抑制微生物的活性,Phase I阶段3000mg/L的污泥活性表现明显较优于MLSS为6000mg/L的Phase III阶段.
高通量测序结果如图4所示.在门水平上,A1~A5内优势菌门分别为Proteobacteria ( 26.09%~30.44% ) ,Actinobacteriota ( 15.12%~17.46% ) ,Chloroflexi ( 10.77%~18.24% ) ,Firmicutes ( 6.10%~12.56% ) ,Bacteroidota ( 6.26%~12.55% ) ,Patescibacteria ( 5.02%~7.44% ) ,Acido bacteriota ( 4.33%~7.57% ) 以及Nitrospirota ( 1.42%~3.94% ) .对于M1~M5的5个样品中,微生物门水平未发生明显改变,Proteobacteria ( 28.61%~30.44% ) ,Actinobacteriota ( 13.35%~16.82% ) ,Chloroflexi ( 11.81%~17.40% ) ,Firmicutes ( 6.09%~12.64% ) ,Bacteroidota ( 7.33%~11.31% ) ,Patescibacteria ( 6.33%~8.11% ) ,Acido bacteriota ( 4.47%~8.12% ) 以及Nitrospirota ( 1.49%~2.30% ) ,依旧延续了好氧池内优势菌门的富集,保持了稳定高效的污染物去除效率.值得注意的是,其中作为最大优势菌门Proteobacteria是主要参与氮循环的微生物,在MBR池中并未由于低DO而发生明显丰度降低.据报道Chloroflexi和Firmicutes相对丰度均与温度呈现正相关,A1~A5和M1~M5样品采样始于夏季,结束于冬季,各阶段中Chloroflexi的相对丰度随着季节的变化而逐渐降低[18-19].由于冬季污水的C/N显著高于夏季,主要降解有机物的Firmicutes的相对丰度并未受到温度影响,反而逐渐富集[20-21].
图4(b)所示,从属水平上看,MBR系统中优势功能菌属并未与接种污泥以及好氧池的优势菌属发生差异与剥离改变,各菌属相对丰度较为均匀.其中主要的优势菌属为norank_f__norank_o__Saccharimonadales(4.67%~6.47%),Hyphomicrobium(2.87%~6.00%),nor ank_f__Microtrichaceae(2.33%~4.46%),Romboutsia(2.34%~3.70%),norank_f__Saprospiraceae(1.29%~5.3 5%),Trichococcus(4.27%~5.07%).Patescibacteria门的norank_f__norank_o__SaccharimonadalesHyphomicrobium属是MBR中参与反硝化的优势菌属,同时也是实现同步硝化反硝化的重要菌属,这与上述污泥反硝化活性测试结果对应一致,较强的反硝化速率由这2种功能菌属提供支持[22-23]. Hyphomicrobium还可以参与降低污泥混合液中的蛋白质含量,主要由上清液的SMP提供,这也为MBR膜污染缓解释放的SMP与EPS提供了代谢途径[24].norank_f__Microtrichaceae作为参与有机物降解的厌氧细菌,可能主要参与水中蛋白质水解,并为其他菌属提供碳源支持,推测主要属于发酵型聚磷菌(PAOs),该菌的具体功能和代谢途径需要进一步研究[25].Romboutsianorank_f__Saprospiraceae都属于水解细菌,其在MLSS=6000mg/L阶段的相对丰度都有所增加至最大,长期的低营养废水运行导致细胞裂解死亡释放的有机物决定了水解菌属的相对富集[26].而作为亚硝酸盐氧化细菌中最具有多样性的Nitrospira(1.49%~2.30%),氨氧化细菌中的Nitrosomonas(1.15%~1.91%)与上述分析的反硝化菌群共同在MBR系统中参与了氮的循环.
基于16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq分析好氧池与MBR池中微生物群落的功能信息,通过功能组成进一步揭示环境变化中功能特征.如图5(a)所示,根据PICRUST2功能预测分析并映射至KEGG数据库发现,系统中微生物基因主要分别为代谢途径,次生代谢物的生物合成以及微生物代谢,涉及到的功能基因数量分别为16,11.相关的碳代谢的K00626功能基因丰度也相对较高,包括(K00382,K00615,K01692,K01915,K15634),值得注意的是K00626代表的乙酰辅酶A C-乙酰转移酶参与脂肪酸降解,色氨酸代谢等途径,可能是MBR膜污染缓解释放后SMP与EPS物质重要代谢途径.低DO浓度下MBR池对有机碳的降解并未受到影响,保持了较高能力的代谢循环维持微生物的生长活动.如图5(b)所示,通过FAPROTAX数据库筛选对氮代谢的关键功能基因的变化分析发现,涉及到氮代谢功能途径的8个途径中,相对比例较高的固氮,硝酸盐还原,硝化,反硝化功能在好氧池内与MBR池内并未产生明显差异,主要由于MBR进水中较低浓度的氮限制了MBR功能基因富集.总得来说,环境因素的限制以及低浓度污染物并未对MBR脱氮除碳功能基因产生明显改变.
图6所示,以恒定通量20LMH运行中,TMP达至30kPa发生10次,每污染周期第1次发生使用清水内部加压反洗,每2次对膜进行化学反洗2h,药剂使用配比为250mg/L的NaOH混合500mg/L的NaClO,清洗完清水冲洗残留化学药剂并进行膜通量测试,以测定膜通量恢复效果.从图6可知,初始膜启动阶段运行总计长达21d,在0~10kPa(F1)阶段,总计运行了14d,而10~20kPa(F2)阶段共计4d,20~30kPa(F3)阶段仅有3d.相比Zuo等[27]曝气冲刷控制膜污染实验中F1阶段的9d,往复式振动技术延长了F1阶段1.5倍的运行时长.在F2与F3阶段TMP的上升速率迅速增加,归结于污染已经形成并附着在膜表面.初始运行TMP为3~5kPa之间,这是由于浓差极化与絮体沉积造成的,而这部分影响因素可以被高剪切应力所影响限制[28].此外,图中可以看出F1对F2,F3阶段的膜污染快速形成有一定助推作用,延长膜运行周期关键在于抑制F1阶段膜污染的形成.
而在后续的运行中,随着膜运行时间的增加,单个膜污染周期时间逐渐变短,这可能是由于长时间不可逆污染在膜孔内附着并未清洗完全.Phase III阶段的单个膜污染周期相比初始Phase I阶段运行时间减少7d,膜运行周期下降33.3%,推测与本阶段高浓度的MLSS有关.当MLSS为6000mg/L时,高浓度污泥及较低浓度的营养物,MBR池内污泥解体破裂,释放出有机物及代谢产物吸附至膜表面快速形成膜污染,致使F1阶段的运行时间下降,导致运行周期明显减短.在Wang等[29]的研究中,VMBR的F1,F2,F3污染率分别比AMBR下降61.6%~74.3%,70.5%~83.8%、69.4%~85.1%,也同样证明了往复式振动膜优异的膜污染控制效率.
整个中试阶段180d内,LEP-N-MBR系统共计处理污水量49171.26m3,往复式振动电机共计耗电986.80kW·h,MBR泵系统共计耗电20899.35kW·h.Phase I-III阶段往复电机能耗为0.019,0.020和0.021(kW·h)/m3,整体MBR泵系统能耗为0.52,0.44,0.42(kW·h)/m3图7),造成这种差异的主要原因由于电机老化,电阻增加导致的振动设备运行能耗增加,而泵系统能耗由于后期单位时间内产水量增加导致的吨水能耗下降.据报道,传统曝气MBR作为高能耗工艺,运行过程中通常需要0.6~1.6(kW·h)/m3,而其中40%~60%的能耗通常被应用于曝气冲刷抑制膜污染等,长期运行下能耗投入成本阻碍了MBR工艺更进一步的应用[30-32].相比报道中的传统MBR最低曝气冲刷0.24(kW·h)/m3,本研究采用的往复式振动技术能耗降低约91.6%,并表现出更加优异的膜污染控制率.
3.1 中试运行结果表明,LEP-N-MBR系统在MLSS为3000mg/L时,出水NH4+-N浓度<1mg/L,TN和COD去除率分别为56.63%和49.98%.然而,当MLSS为6000mg/L时,系统出水NH4+-N浓度升高至2.07mg/L ,相较于MLSS为3000mg/L时,膜运行周期缩短33.3%.
3.2 LEP-N-MBR与好氧池内微生物群落功能微生物集中,norank_f__norank_o__SaccharimonadalesHyphomicrobium等微生物协同去除C,N等污染物并表现出共生关系.振动膜促进了膜表面有机物的释放,并作为有机物被微生物利用代谢强化了脱氮效果.
3.3 中试系统往复式振动电机和泵系统平均能耗仅为0.02和0.42(kW·h)/m3,极大的降低了MBR运行的能源需求,可替代曝气冲刷,实现城镇污水处理厂低碳高效运行.
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51508366)
  • 苏州市科技成果转化项目(SGC202357)
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  • 接收时间:2024-07-25
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-25
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51508366)
苏州市科技成果转化项目(SGC202357)
作者信息
    1.苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏 苏州 215009
    2.苏州苏科环保科技有限公司,江苏 苏州 215001
    3.江苏创盛环境监测技术有限公司,江苏 苏州 215011
    4.浙江师范大学地理与环境科学学院,浙江 金华 321004
    5.苏州科技大学,江苏省水处理技术与材料协同创新中心,江苏 苏州 215009

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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