Article(id=1234106415598588200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1234106384963400440, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725811200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772163498067, onlineDateStr=2026-02-27, pubDate=1750348800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772163498067, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772163498067, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772163498067, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1234106384963400440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, year='2025', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='2961', pageEnd='3552', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772163490763, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772163969484, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1234108392948682946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1234106384963400440, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1234108392948682947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1234106384963400440, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3496, endPage=3507, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1234106416110293329, articleId=1234106415598588200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=EN, title=The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the impact of multidimensional urban sprawl on carbon emissions, columnId=1234106390126588740, journalTitle=China Environmental Science, columnName=Carbon Emission Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
This article constructed a multidimensional urban sprawl measurement index system from the structural dimension, morphological dimension, density dimension, and efficiency dimension. Based on map visualization, standard deviation ellipse, and cold and hot spot analysis, it explored the spatiotemporal characteristics and migration evolution patterns of China's urban comprehensive sprawl from 2005 to 2020. The spatiotemporal geographically weighted model (GTWR) was used to empirically examine the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the impact of multidimensional urban sprawl on carbon emission intensity. Research shows that: (1) The comprehensive urban sprawl in China exhibited a spatial difference of "high in the east and low in the west", but the urban sprawl in the eastern coastal and northeastern regions has declined in the later stage of the sample. The standard deviation ellipse shows a trend of centripetal clustering, and the center of gravity of the distribution shifts towards the southwest as a whole. The analysis of hot and cold spots presents regional differences of "hot in the east and cold in the west". (2) The overall urban sprawl has a significant impact on carbon emissions, and over time, it plays a positive promoting role in an increasing number of cities. The positive promotion area is mainly concentrated in the central and western regions and coastal areas, while the negative inhibition area is mainly the North China Plain and the Pearl River Delta. (3) There is significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the influencing factors of each dimension. In terms of temporal trends, the structural dimension promotes carbon emissions in most cities and its influence increases year by year; The form dimension has shifted from a promoting effect to a inhibiting effect on carbon emissions in most cities; The density dimension and efficiency dimension suppress carbon emissions in most cities, but the density dimension shows a polarization trend year by year, while the influence of the efficiency dimension weakens overall. In terms of spatial distribution, the influence of structural dimension and density dimension is stronger in the southeastern, western, and northeastern regions, while the significant effect of morphological dimension is in the northeastern border and central western regions, and the significant effect of efficiency dimension is in the central and western regions.
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本文从结构维、形态维、密度维、效率维构建了多维度城市蔓延测度指标体系,并基于地图可视化、标准差椭圆和冷热点分析探究中国2005~2020年城市综合蔓延度的时空特征及迁移演化格局,并采用时空地理加权模型(GTWR)实证考察多维度城市蔓延对碳排放强度影响的时空异质性.结果表明:(1)全国城市综合蔓延度呈现“东高西低”的空间差异特征,但在样本后期东部沿海地区及东北地区的城市蔓延度有所下滑.标准差椭圆呈现向心集聚的趋势,且分布重心整体向西南移动.冷热点分析则呈现“东热西冷”的区域性差异.(2)城市总蔓延度对碳排放具有显著影响,且随时间迁移在越来越多的城市中起到正向促进作用.正向促进作用区域主要集中在中西部及沿海地区,反向抑制作用区域多为华北平原和南部沿海地区.(3)各维度影响因素存在明显的时空异质性,时间趋势上,结构维在大部分城市促进碳排放,且影响力逐年增强;形态维在大部分城市对碳排放由促进作用转变为抑制作用;密度维、效率维在大部分城市抑制碳排放,但密度维逐年呈现出两极分化的趋势,效率维的影响力则整体减弱.空间分布上,结构维、密度维在东南沿海、西部和东北地区的影响力更强,形态维作用显著区域在东北地区和中西部地区,效率维作用显著区域则在中西部.
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张赫(1982-),男,陕西汉中人,教授,博士,研究方向为低碳城市规划、海岸带规划、智慧城市与社区.发表论文130篇.147792505@qq.com.
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张赫(1982-),男,陕西汉中人,教授,博士,研究方向为低碳城市规划、海岸带规划、智慧城市与社区.发表论文130篇.147792505@qq.com.
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2.哥鲁科(上海)建筑规划设计有限公司,上海 200245)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1234106428760314786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Spatial and temporal distribution map of urban comprehensive sprawl from 2005 to 2020 in China, figureFileSmall=b6VDm+QHBTepLnMIkhUzsA==, figureFileBig=sZqVJyiqAmWyi9DugmJRvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106428844200868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
中国2005~2020城市综合蔓延度时空分布审图号:GS(2020)4619号
, figureFileSmall=b6VDm+QHBTepLnMIkhUzsA==, figureFileBig=sZqVJyiqAmWyi9DugmJRvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106429079081901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Distribution direction and path transfer of comprehensive urban sprawl in China, figureFileSmall=UAHshyjlqwGtu19tx2yqBg==, figureFileBig=wVEnTAmnWpwouJI1hp2EUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106429154579376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
中国城市综合蔓延度的分布方向与路径转移审图号:GS(2020)4619号
, figureFileSmall=UAHshyjlqwGtu19tx2yqBg==, figureFileBig=wVEnTAmnWpwouJI1hp2EUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106429259436978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Spatial and temporal analysis of cold and hot spots in China's urban comprehensive spread from 2005 to 2020, figureFileSmall=mPuTg0bvcd+XxP5rS6j71g==, figureFileBig=AGxB07vXXrHiI0fXn6X8og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106429347517365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
中国2005~2020城市综合蔓延度冷热点时空分析审图号:GS(2020)4619号
, figureFileSmall=mPuTg0bvcd+XxP5rS6j71g==, figureFileBig=AGxB07vXXrHiI0fXn6X8og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106429443986361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Distribution dynamics and evolution trend of regression coefficient values between urban comprehensive sprawl and carbon emissions, figureFileSmall=HB2czKd8uP+Upadf49wtrw==, figureFileBig=loo/1NXIB6As3P3Yff7fQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106429527872445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
城市综合蔓延度与碳排放回归系数值的分布动态和演变趋势, figureFileSmall=HB2czKd8uP+Upadf49wtrw==, figureFileBig=loo/1NXIB6As3P3Yff7fQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106429628535745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Distribution dynamics and evolution trend of multidimensional urban sprawl and carbon emission regression coefficient values, figureFileSmall=TLQjif6TDqo7A2vf94jUtA==, figureFileBig=0kigPTc7n5KGobX4dQePug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106429712421830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
城市多维度蔓延度与碳排放回归系数值的分布动态和演变趋势, figureFileSmall=TLQjif6TDqo7A2vf94jUtA==, figureFileBig=0kigPTc7n5KGobX4dQePug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106429817279433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Spatial distribution of annual average regression coefficients for urban comprehensive sprawl, figureFileSmall=L9DI1EwdbQnfgcFl9p6O1g==, figureFileBig=sudFq9U8V4MkTTx2ixfePg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106429922137038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
城市综合蔓延度年均回归系数空间分布审图号:GS(2020)4619号
, figureFileSmall=L9DI1EwdbQnfgcFl9p6O1g==, figureFileBig=sudFq9U8V4MkTTx2ixfePg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106430056354770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Spatial distribution of annual average regression coefficients for structural dimension spread, figureFileSmall=Km+t8udfcZYQ7Nl9wrc3Vw==, figureFileBig=Q/RCzJFtmjiD3+PBVgdeNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106430123463639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
分维度蔓延度年均回归系数空间分布审图号:GS(2020)4619号
, figureFileSmall=Km+t8udfcZYQ7Nl9wrc3Vw==, figureFileBig=Q/RCzJFtmjiD3+PBVgdeNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106430215738332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Selection, direction, and weight of various dimensions of urban sprawl indicators
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 维度 | 指标 | 方向 | 权重 | 计算方式 |
|---|
| 结构维 | 土地利用香农指数 | 负 | 0.0311 |  |
| | | 是第i种土地利用类型所占总土地面积的比例 |
| 土地城镇化率 | 正 | 0.0974 | 城镇区域面积/研究区总面积 |
| 建设用地比例 | 正 | 0.2019 | 建成区面积/研究区总面积 |
| 形态维 | 面积加权形态指数 | 正 | 0.1527 |  |
| | | Pi和Ai分别是第i个建成区的周长和面积 |
| 平均斑块面积 | 正 | 0.2308 | 所有斑块的总面积/总斑块数 |
| 半径维数 | 正 | 0.1692 |  |
| | | N(r)是在半径为r的尺度下覆盖目标形状所需的单位数量 |
| 密度维 | 人口密度 | 负 | 0.0023 | 年均总人口/建城区面积 |
| 公路网长度密度 | 正 | 0.1094 | 公路总长度/区域面积 |
| 效率维 | GDP密度 | 负 | 0.0033 | GDP/建成区面积 |
| 财政收入密度 | 负 | 0.0019 | 财政支出/建成区面积 |
), ArticleFig(id=1234106430328984544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
城市蔓延度各维度指标选取、方向与权重
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 维度 | 指标 | 方向 | 权重 | 计算方式 |
|---|
| 结构维 | 土地利用香农指数 | 负 | 0.0311 |  |
| | | 是第i种土地利用类型所占总土地面积的比例 |
| 土地城镇化率 | 正 | 0.0974 | 城镇区域面积/研究区总面积 |
| 建设用地比例 | 正 | 0.2019 | 建成区面积/研究区总面积 |
| 形态维 | 面积加权形态指数 | 正 | 0.1527 |  |
| | | Pi和Ai分别是第i个建成区的周长和面积 |
| 平均斑块面积 | 正 | 0.2308 | 所有斑块的总面积/总斑块数 |
| 半径维数 | 正 | 0.1692 |  |
| | | N(r)是在半径为r的尺度下覆盖目标形状所需的单位数量 |
| 密度维 | 人口密度 | 负 | 0.0023 | 年均总人口/建城区面积 |
| 公路网长度密度 | 正 | 0.1094 | 公路总长度/区域面积 |
| 效率维 | GDP密度 | 负 | 0.0033 | GDP/建成区面积 |
| 财政收入密度 | 负 | 0.0019 | 财政支出/建成区面积 |
), ArticleFig(id=1234106430496756710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Results of multicollinearity test based on OLS estimation
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | lnUSI | lnJGW | lnXTW | lnMDW | lnXLW |
|---|
| VIF | 2.46 | 1.47 | 1.84 | 1.71 | 1.02 |
| 1/VIF | 0.41 | 0.68 | 0.54 | 0.58 | 0.98 |
| MEAN VIF | 1.7 | | | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1234106430610002922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
基于OLS估计的多重共线性检验结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | lnUSI | lnJGW | lnXTW | lnMDW | lnXLW |
|---|
| VIF | 2.46 | 1.47 | 1.84 | 1.71 | 1.02 |
| 1/VIF | 0.41 | 0.68 | 0.54 | 0.58 | 0.98 |
| MEAN VIF | 1.7 | | | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1234106430706471917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
R2 and AIC data for OLS and GTWR models
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 回归检验 | 参数 | GWTR模型 | OLS模型 |
|---|
| 综合蔓延度与碳 | R2 | 0.6766 | 0.508 |
| 排放回归 | AIC | 1936.44 | 2294.41 |
| 多维度指标与碳 | R2 | 0.7045 | 0.5409 |
| 排放回归 | AIC | 1893.72 | 2222.42 |
), ArticleFig(id=1234106430786163697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106415598588200, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
OLS、GTWR两种模型的R2与AIC数据
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 回归检验 | 参数 | GWTR模型 | OLS模型 |
|---|
| 综合蔓延度与碳 | R2 | 0.6766 | 0.508 |
| 排放回归 | AIC | 1936.44 | 2294.41 |
| 多维度指标与碳 | R2 | 0.7045 | 0.5409 |
| 排放回归 | AIC | 1893.72 | 2222.42 |
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