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The reed biochar was chemically modified using hydrochloric acid, dicyandiamide, and magnesium chloride as activators. This study investigated the effects of varying pH values, addition amounts, and initial solution concentrations on the nitrate nitrogen adsorption capacity of four types of biochar. Additionally, the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic characteristics of the biochars for nitrate nitrogen removal were analyzed. When reed straw is pre-carbonized at 500℃ for 2hours and subsequently activated with modified materials at 700℃ for 2hours, the resultant dicyandiamide-modified biochar (DBC) exhibits the best adsorption performance, achieving a removal efficiency of 75.5%. Compared to unmodified biochar (BC), the surface morphology of the modified biochars becomes more concave, with denser pores, increased functional groups, and a specific surface area enhanced by 7 to 10 times. When the potassium nitrate concentration is 500mg/L, the optimal dosages are 1g for BC, DBC, and magnesium chloride-modified biochar (MBC), and 0.8g for hydrochloric acid-modified biochar (HBC). The nitrate nitrogen adsorption performance of DBC is favorable in a slightly alkaline environment, with the highest adsorption capacity observed at a pH of 9. The nitrate nitrogen adsorption behavior of all four biochars aligns well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and their isothermal adsorption curves fit the Langmuir equation, suggesting predominantly monomolecular layer adsorption. Overall, DBC demonstrates excellent nitrate nitrogen adsorption performance and offers a promising solution for mitigating nitrate pollution in aquatic environments.
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以盐酸、双氰胺、氯化镁为活化剂,对芦苇生物炭进行改性处理,研究不同pH值、添加量、初始溶液浓度对4种生物炭吸附硝态氮的影响,分析生物炭吸附硝态氮的吸附动力学、热力学特性.结果表明,将芦苇秸秆在500℃、2h预碳化,与改性材料在700℃、2h的条件下活化,获得的DBC的吸附性能最佳,去除率达75.5%.与未经活化的BC相比,改性生物炭表面凹陷,孔隙密集,官能团增加,比表面积增加7~10倍.硝酸钾浓度为500mg/L时,BC(芦苇生物炭)、DBC(双氰胺改性生物炭)、MBC(氯化镁改性生物炭)的最适添加量为1g,HBC(盐酸改性生物炭)为0.8g;微碱环境下DBC对硝态氮的吸附效果良好,并在pH值为9时吸附量最大.4种生物炭对硝态氮的吸附更符合准二级动力学模型,等温吸附曲线更适用于Langmuir方程拟合,说明其以单分子吸附为主.DBC对硝态氮的吸附性能优良,可为去除水环境中的硝酸盐污染提供新途径.
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水金保(1997-),男,四川黑水人,宁夏大学硕士研究生,主要从事环境材料与化工研究.发表论文1篇.15681346616@163.com.
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水金保(1997-),男,四川黑水人,宁夏大学硕士研究生,主要从事环境材料与化工研究.发表论文1篇.15681346616@163.com.
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SEM images of biochar, figureFileSmall=TcGD/PpSvNG6FsTwaM4kTA==, figureFileBig=6bNucoxP19k5wld1i1Nv6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106402260710059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
生物炭扫描电镜, figureFileSmall=TcGD/PpSvNG6FsTwaM4kTA==, figureFileBig=6bNucoxP19k5wld1i1Nv6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106402634003161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
The fully automatic specific surface area and porosity of biochar, figureFileSmall=rVduk5vLYPvFW08ZEQrN9Q==, figureFileBig=Nwt1g+t0+x0dS1cq8lfLDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106402789192427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
生物炭全自动比表面积及孔隙度, figureFileSmall=rVduk5vLYPvFW08ZEQrN9Q==, figureFileBig=Nwt1g+t0+x0dS1cq8lfLDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106402969547514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Biochar Fourier infrared spectrum, figureFileSmall=1YXwLXV2BlI2Y3Kpul3o3g==, figureFileBig=1k2A7eEp4+W260UB79K6Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106403103765254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
生物炭傅里叶红外光谱, figureFileSmall=1YXwLXV2BlI2Y3Kpul3o3g==, figureFileBig=1k2A7eEp4+W260UB79K6Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106403263148825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
XRD spectra of biochar, figureFileSmall=Y3vkAcXfIKy35Hla8vzFHg==, figureFileBig=RtbRuevmWqRZZ7lClf2S/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106403422532391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
生物炭X-射线衍射图谱, figureFileSmall=Y3vkAcXfIKy35Hla8vzFHg==, figureFileBig=RtbRuevmWqRZZ7lClf2S/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106403535778613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Adsorption of nitrate nitrogen by biochar, figureFileSmall=D/iDERw4dCGRXs0znQsHgg==, figureFileBig=6F6OT3F7UvLzy8DqaiMRZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106403669996352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
不同体系条件下生物炭对硝态氮的吸附量, figureFileSmall=D/iDERw4dCGRXs0znQsHgg==, figureFileBig=6F6OT3F7UvLzy8DqaiMRZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106403816797011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Zeta potential of biochar at different ph, figureFileSmall=CRWyZ6CcK1CeCexmy9WjqQ==, figureFileBig=ZTVhnn6qV4ZB8HXcGeB8Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106403946820445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
不同pH值条件下生物炭的Zeta电位, figureFileSmall=CRWyZ6CcK1CeCexmy9WjqQ==, figureFileBig=ZTVhnn6qV4ZB8HXcGeB8Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106404097815404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Fitted curves for the sorption kinetics of NO3--N by bioca, figureFileSmall=PmpinOedoVtkMd1yZ+AemQ==, figureFileBig=tdrrjzwaXC4a9prKGozysQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106404236227451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
生物炭对NO3--N吸附的动力学拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=PmpinOedoVtkMd1yZ+AemQ==, figureFileBig=tdrrjzwaXC4a9prKGozysQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106404408193930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Adsorption isotherm curve of biochar for NO3--N adsorpt, figureFileSmall=QazJoQEwNvxD4jJ80pzShg==, figureFileBig=ChAlhALIMV0ve+4nwFRF3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106404575966107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
生物炭对NO3--N吸附的吸附等温曲线, figureFileSmall=QazJoQEwNvxD4jJ80pzShg==, figureFileBig=ChAlhALIMV0ve+4nwFRF3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106406085915566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Adsorption and desorption diagram, figureFileSmall=yhhetZgmlv7cU6xg7b6Pnw==, figureFileBig=5zorGmuarEqzM4qPiGvbsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106406253687739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
吸附解吸循环, figureFileSmall=yhhetZgmlv7cU6xg7b6Pnw==, figureFileBig=5zorGmuarEqzM4qPiGvbsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106406408877005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Adsorption mechanism, figureFileSmall=J19l308/Dx1Qy+57ZiuuDw==, figureFileBig=dgefyaPXxdts6NBv2OCFnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106406622786524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
吸附机理, figureFileSmall=J19l308/Dx1Qy+57ZiuuDw==, figureFileBig=dgefyaPXxdts6NBv2OCFnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106406803141611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Specific surface area and pore diameter analysis table of biochar
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| 参数类型 | BC | HBC | DBC | MBC |
|---|
| 比表面积(m2/g) | 22.7110 | 153.5380 | 176.1170 | 240.6590 |
| 中孔(nm) | 6.5990 | 1.3560 | 4.5200 | 5.3690 |
| 总容积(cm3/g) | 0.0360 | 0.1872 | 0.5055 | 0.1556 |
| 平均孔径(nm) | 6.3470 | 4.8758 | 1.1481 | 2.5869 |
), ArticleFig(id=1234106407000273913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
生物炭比表面积及孔径
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| 参数类型 | BC | HBC | DBC | MBC |
|---|
| 比表面积(m2/g) | 22.7110 | 153.5380 | 176.1170 | 240.6590 |
| 中孔(nm) | 6.5990 | 1.3560 | 4.5200 | 5.3690 |
| 总容积(cm3/g) | 0.0360 | 0.1872 | 0.5055 | 0.1556 |
| 平均孔径(nm) | 6.3470 | 4.8758 | 1.1481 | 2.5869 |
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Kinetic parameters for adsorption of NO3--N by biochar
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| 模型 | 模型参数 | BC | HBC | DBC | MBC |
|---|
| 准一级动力学模型 | K1 | 1.1229 | 1.7859 | 1.0304 | 1.4169 |
| Qe | 3.4515 | 4.5552 | 5.0995 | 4.2029 |
| R2 | 0.9761 | 0.9715 | 0.9486 | 0.9983 |
| 准二级动力学模型 | K2 | 0.4468 | 0.7195 | 0.2545 | 0.5341 |
| Qe | 3.7069 | 4.7401 | 5.5427 | 4.4281 |
| R2 | 0.9981 | 0.9803 | 0.9853 | 0.9847 |
| 颗粒内扩散模型 | Kd1 | 1.6527 | 2.0373 | 2.3811 | 1.5148 |
| C | 0.5782 | 1.5031 | 0.7990 | 1.4299 |
| R2 | 0.9931 | 0.7770 | 0.9317 | 0.7567 |
| Kd2 | 0.2721 | 0.0554 | 0.4282 | 0.0813 |
| C | 2.6267 | 4.3904 | 3.6935 | 3.9349 |
| R2 | 0.9615 | 0.8885 | 0.9545 | 0.9764 |
| Kd3 | 0.0376 | - | - | - |
| C | 3.4643 | - | - | - |
| R2 | 0.7873 | - | - | - |
), ArticleFig(id=1234106407335817230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
生物炭吸附NO3--N的动力学参数
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| 模型 | 模型参数 | BC | HBC | DBC | MBC |
|---|
| 准一级动力学模型 | K1 | 1.1229 | 1.7859 | 1.0304 | 1.4169 |
| Qe | 3.4515 | 4.5552 | 5.0995 | 4.2029 |
| R2 | 0.9761 | 0.9715 | 0.9486 | 0.9983 |
| 准二级动力学模型 | K2 | 0.4468 | 0.7195 | 0.2545 | 0.5341 |
| Qe | 3.7069 | 4.7401 | 5.5427 | 4.4281 |
| R2 | 0.9981 | 0.9803 | 0.9853 | 0.9847 |
| 颗粒内扩散模型 | Kd1 | 1.6527 | 2.0373 | 2.3811 | 1.5148 |
| C | 0.5782 | 1.5031 | 0.7990 | 1.4299 |
| R2 | 0.9931 | 0.7770 | 0.9317 | 0.7567 |
| Kd2 | 0.2721 | 0.0554 | 0.4282 | 0.0813 |
| C | 2.6267 | 4.3904 | 3.6935 | 3.9349 |
| R2 | 0.9615 | 0.8885 | 0.9545 | 0.9764 |
| Kd3 | 0.0376 | - | - | - |
| C | 3.4643 | - | - | - |
| R2 | 0.7873 | - | - | - |
), ArticleFig(id=1234106407478423574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Thermodynamic parameters for adsorption of NO3--N by biochar
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| 材料 | 反应温度(℃) | Langmuir模型 | Freundlich模型 | 热力学参数 |
|---|
| Qm(mg/g) | KL(L/mg | R2 | 1/n | Kf(mg/g) | R2 | 反应温度(℃) | ΔG | ΔH | ΔS |
|---|
| BC | 15 | 7.689 | 0.010 | 0.954 | 1.348 | 0.135 | 0.920 | 15 | -1.778 | 36.01 | 94.52 |
| 25 | 41.946 | 0.002 | 0.989 | 1.203 | 0.127 | 0.980 | 25 | -2.061 |
| 35 | 9.502 | 0.009 | 0.979 | 1.368 | 0.160 | 0.930 | 35 | -1.872 |
| HBC | 15 | 31.736 | 0.003 | 0.991 | 1.241 | 0.142 | 0.966 | 15 | -1.931 | 25.46 | 2.20 |
| 25 | 41.94 | 0.00 | 0.989 | 1.203 | 0.127 | 0.979 | 25 | -2.061 |
| 35 | 19.524 | 0.005 | 0.996 | 1.281 | 0.165 | 0.974 | 35 | -2.000 |
| DBC | 15 | 34.941 | 0.003 | 0.998 | 1.182 | 0.130 | 0.974 | 15 | -2.027 | 22.85 | -7.24 |
| 25 | 44.267 | 0.002 | 0.994 | 1.203 | 0.127 | 0.979 | 25 | -2.061 |
| 35 | 59.701 | 0.002 | 0.992 | 1.188 | 0.141 | 0.969 | 35 | -2.156 |
| MBC | 15 | 20.08 | 0.004 | 0.98 | 1.32 | 0.156 | 0.948 | 15 | -1.811 | 26.66 | 6.58 |
| 25 | 31.03 | 0.002 | 0.99 | 1.19 | 0.114 | 0.987 | 25 | -2.082 |
| 35 | 13.11 | 0.008 | 0.99 | 1.37 | 0.189 | 0.959 | 35 | -1.864 |
), ArticleFig(id=1234106407608447016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106388641805075, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
生物炭吸附NO3--N的热力学参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 材料 | 反应温度(℃) | Langmuir模型 | Freundlich模型 | 热力学参数 |
|---|
| Qm(mg/g) | KL(L/mg | R2 | 1/n | Kf(mg/g) | R2 | 反应温度(℃) | ΔG | ΔH | ΔS |
|---|
| BC | 15 | 7.689 | 0.010 | 0.954 | 1.348 | 0.135 | 0.920 | 15 | -1.778 | 36.01 | 94.52 |
| 25 | 41.946 | 0.002 | 0.989 | 1.203 | 0.127 | 0.980 | 25 | -2.061 |
| 35 | 9.502 | 0.009 | 0.979 | 1.368 | 0.160 | 0.930 | 35 | -1.872 |
| HBC | 15 | 31.736 | 0.003 | 0.991 | 1.241 | 0.142 | 0.966 | 15 | -1.931 | 25.46 | 2.20 |
| 25 | 41.94 | 0.00 | 0.989 | 1.203 | 0.127 | 0.979 | 25 | -2.061 |
| 35 | 19.524 | 0.005 | 0.996 | 1.281 | 0.165 | 0.974 | 35 | -2.000 |
| DBC | 15 | 34.941 | 0.003 | 0.998 | 1.182 | 0.130 | 0.974 | 15 | -2.027 | 22.85 | -7.24 |
| 25 | 44.267 | 0.002 | 0.994 | 1.203 | 0.127 | 0.979 | 25 | -2.061 |
| 35 | 59.701 | 0.002 | 0.992 | 1.188 | 0.141 | 0.969 | 35 | -2.156 |
| MBC | 15 | 20.08 | 0.004 | 0.98 | 1.32 | 0.156 | 0.948 | 15 | -1.811 | 26.66 | 6.58 |
| 25 | 31.03 | 0.002 | 0.99 | 1.19 | 0.114 | 0.987 | 25 | -2.082 |
| 35 | 13.11 | 0.008 | 0.99 | 1.37 | 0.189 | 0.959 | 35 | -1.864 |
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