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The scientific prevention and effective control of environmental health risks are essential to achieving the vision of a‘Beautiful China’. However, China currently lacks comprehensive guidelines for medium and long-term environmental health risk management. This study discusses the ideal levels of environmental health risk management required to meet key milestones of a‘Beautiful China. Through the review of previous management efforts, we identify several critical challenges: insufficient risk prevention and control system, inadequate regulatory standards for conventional pollutants, and limited research base and understanding of emerging pollutants. In the end, this study concludes by proposing a future management system that prioritizes public health protection through systematic prevention and control of both conventional pollutants and emerging pollutants.
, correspAuthors=Yi-ning HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jun BI, Yi-ning HUANG, Miao-miao LIU, Jian-xun YANG, Zong-wei MA, Wen FANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1234106397110095895, articleId=1234106386313958010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=CN, title=防控环境健康风险助推美丽中国建设, columnId=1234106394006311784, journalTitle=中国环境科学, columnName=环境毒理与健康, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
环境健康风险的科学防范与有效控制是美丽中国建设目标实现的重要基础与核心保障.然而,目前尚未有关于中长期我国环境健康风险管理的具体要求.本研究针对美丽中国建设的3个阶段性目标,探讨了我国环境健康风险管理对应的理想水平.在此基础上,梳理了我国环境健康风险管理进展,总结了当前存在的风险防控体系根基尚不夯实、常规污染物管控标准不严、新污染物研究基础薄弱且底数不清等关键挑战.最终,提出未来我国将构建以保障公众健康为核心,以常规污染物和新污染物的系统防控双轮驱动的环境健康风险防控体系的建设思路及重点工作建议.
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毕军(1967-),男,江苏溧阳人,教授,博士,研究方向为环境风险防控、环境管理与政策研究.发表论文500余篇.jbi@nju.edu.cn.
, authorsList=毕军, 黄怡宁, 刘苗苗, 杨建勋, 马宗伟, 方文)}, authors=[Author(id=1234106397718270044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386313958010, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jbi@nju.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1234106397873459306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386313958010, authorId=1234106397718270044, language=EN, stringName=Jun BI, firstName=Jun, middleName=null, lastName=BI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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1.南京大学环境学院,水污染控制与资源绿色循环全国重点实验室,江苏 南京 210023
2.南京大学前沿科学学院环境与健康研究院,江苏 苏州 215163, bio={"content":"
毕军(1967-),男,江苏溧阳人,教授,博士,研究方向为环境风险防控、环境管理与政策研究.发表论文500余篇.jbi@nju.edu.cn.
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毕军(1967-),男,江苏溧阳人,教授,博士,研究方向为环境风险防控、环境管理与政策研究.发表论文500余篇.jbi@nju.edu.cn.
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1.南京大学环境学院,水污染控制与资源绿色循环全国重点实验室,江苏 南京 210023, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1234106397412085816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386313958010, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1234106397424668730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386313958010, companyId=1234106397412085816, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1.State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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1.南京大学环境学院,水污染控制与资源绿色循环全国重点实验室,江苏 南京 210023
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1.State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1234106399903502667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386313958010, authorId=1234106399639261472, language=CN, stringName=马宗伟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.南京大学环境学院,水污染控制与资源绿色循环全国重点实验室,江苏 南京 210023, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1234106397412085816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386313958010, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1234106397424668730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386313958010, companyId=1234106397412085816, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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中国环境健康风险管理的重要时间—事件, figureFileSmall=sIMSMlX8hRJCmc2ysQ3wiQ==, figureFileBig=WZOQZUeDFswIpAUpOfmtbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106403942617715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386313958010, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Conceptual framework for China's national environmental health risk management system, figureFileSmall=IjmyMOYHKM3sHbmhuKdU3A==, figureFileBig=0JWocuHTnwjtDjTtz/Upkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106404110389893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386313958010, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
中国环境健康风险防控和管理体系思路, figureFileSmall=IjmyMOYHKM3sHbmhuKdU3A==, figureFileBig=0JWocuHTnwjtDjTtz/Upkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106404240413330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386313958010, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Summary of Technical specifications for environmental health risk assessment in China
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类型 | 定位 | 涉及的技术规范 |
|---|
| 框架指南 | 确定环境风险评估整体方法和程序 | 《化学物质环境风险评估技术方法框架性指南(试行)》(环办固体〔2019〕54号),《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》(WS/T 777—2021),《生态环境健康风险评估技术指南 总纲》(HJ 1111—2020),《区域环境污染健康风险评估技术导则》(T/CSES 36—2021) |
| 基础技术方法指南 | 明确评估程序关键环节基础技术方法 | 《保护人体健康的优先污染物筛选技术指南》(T/CSES 39—2021),《环境污染物人群暴露评估技术指南》(HJ 875—2017),《环境与健康现场调查技术规范 横断面调查》(HJ 839—2017),《环境健康风险监测技术规范》(T/CESE 53—2022),《暴露参数调查技术规范》(HJ 877—2017),《环境与健康队列调查技术规范》(T/CESE 62—2022),《暴露参数调查基本数据集(HJ 968—2019)》 |
| 应用指南 | 细化关键污染物,环境介质,重点行业或风险场地的健康风险评估方法 | 关键污染物: |
| 《二噁英类环境健康风险评估技术规范》(T/CESE 37—2021),《重金属环境健康风险评估技术规范》(T/CSES 38-2021),《多环芳烃环境健康风险评估技术规范》(T/CESE 40—2021) |
| 环境介质: |
| 《大气污染人群健康风险评估技术规范》(WS/T 666—2019),《大气环境健康风险地图编制技术指南》(T/CSES 101-2023),《民用建筑环境空气颗粒物(PM2.5)渗透系数调查技术规范》(HJ 949-2018),《地下水污染健康风险评估工作指南》(环办土壤函〔2019〕770号),《突发水环境事件风险评估技术指南》(T/CESE 103—2023),《儿童土壤摄入量调查技术规范 示踪元素法》(HJ 876—2017) |
| 重点行业: |
| 《炼焦化学工业环境健康风险管控技术指南》(T/CSES 99—2023) |
| 风险场地: |
| 《化工园区有毒有害 气体健康风险监控预警技术指南》(T/CESE 98—2023),《场地土壤污染概率健康风险评估技术规范》(T/CSES 54—2022) |
| 开展分级分区的技术应用 | 《区域环境健康风险分级技术指南》(T/CSES 91—2023),《大气环境健康风险防护区域划定技术规范》(T/CSES 100—2023) |
| 参数手册 | 明确健康风险评估中中国人群本地化暴露参数 | 《中国人群暴露参数手册(成人卷)》,《中国人群暴露参数手册(儿童卷:0~5岁)》,《中国人群暴露参数手册(儿童卷:6~17岁)》 |
), ArticleFig(id=1234106404399796900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386313958010, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
中国环境健康风险评估技术规范汇总
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类型 | 定位 | 涉及的技术规范 |
|---|
| 框架指南 | 确定环境风险评估整体方法和程序 | 《化学物质环境风险评估技术方法框架性指南(试行)》(环办固体〔2019〕54号),《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》(WS/T 777—2021),《生态环境健康风险评估技术指南 总纲》(HJ 1111—2020),《区域环境污染健康风险评估技术导则》(T/CSES 36—2021) |
| 基础技术方法指南 | 明确评估程序关键环节基础技术方法 | 《保护人体健康的优先污染物筛选技术指南》(T/CSES 39—2021),《环境污染物人群暴露评估技术指南》(HJ 875—2017),《环境与健康现场调查技术规范 横断面调查》(HJ 839—2017),《环境健康风险监测技术规范》(T/CESE 53—2022),《暴露参数调查技术规范》(HJ 877—2017),《环境与健康队列调查技术规范》(T/CESE 62—2022),《暴露参数调查基本数据集(HJ 968—2019)》 |
| 应用指南 | 细化关键污染物,环境介质,重点行业或风险场地的健康风险评估方法 | 关键污染物: |
| 《二噁英类环境健康风险评估技术规范》(T/CESE 37—2021),《重金属环境健康风险评估技术规范》(T/CSES 38-2021),《多环芳烃环境健康风险评估技术规范》(T/CESE 40—2021) |
| 环境介质: |
| 《大气污染人群健康风险评估技术规范》(WS/T 666—2019),《大气环境健康风险地图编制技术指南》(T/CSES 101-2023),《民用建筑环境空气颗粒物(PM2.5)渗透系数调查技术规范》(HJ 949-2018),《地下水污染健康风险评估工作指南》(环办土壤函〔2019〕770号),《突发水环境事件风险评估技术指南》(T/CESE 103—2023),《儿童土壤摄入量调查技术规范 示踪元素法》(HJ 876—2017) |
| 重点行业: |
| 《炼焦化学工业环境健康风险管控技术指南》(T/CSES 99—2023) |
| 风险场地: |
| 《化工园区有毒有害 气体健康风险监控预警技术指南》(T/CESE 98—2023),《场地土壤污染概率健康风险评估技术规范》(T/CSES 54—2022) |
| 开展分级分区的技术应用 | 《区域环境健康风险分级技术指南》(T/CSES 91—2023),《大气环境健康风险防护区域划定技术规范》(T/CSES 100—2023) |
| 参数手册 | 明确健康风险评估中中国人群本地化暴露参数 | 《中国人群暴露参数手册(成人卷)》,《中国人群暴露参数手册(儿童卷:0~5岁)》,《中国人群暴露参数手册(儿童卷:6~17岁)》 |
), ArticleFig(id=1234106404559180471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386313958010, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Summary of environmental health risk levels for key pollutants
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 污染要素 | 具体指标 | 美丽中国建设要求 | 2023年现状水平 |
|---|
| 大气 | 细颗粒物浓度 | 2027: 28µg/m3,2035: 25µg/m3 | 30µg/m3 |
| 水 | 地表水水质优良比例 | 2027: 90%左右 | 89.4% |
| 近岸海域水质优良比例 | 2027: 83%左右 | 85% |
| 美丽河湖,美丽海湾建成率 | 2027: 40% | 94个美丽河湖优秀案例/33个美丽海湾优秀案例* |
| 2035:基本建成 |
| 土壤 | 受污染耕地安全利用率 | 2027: 94%以上 | 91%以上 |
| 地下水国控点位I-IV类水比例 | 2035: 80%以上 | 77.8% |
| 固废和新污染物 | “无废城市”建设比例 | 2027: 60% | 33.9% (113个地级及以上城市和8个特殊地区) |
| 2035: 100% |
), ArticleFig(id=1234106406039769801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386313958010, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
关键污染要素环境健康风险水平总结
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 污染要素 | 具体指标 | 美丽中国建设要求 | 2023年现状水平 |
|---|
| 大气 | 细颗粒物浓度 | 2027: 28µg/m3,2035: 25µg/m3 | 30µg/m3 |
| 水 | 地表水水质优良比例 | 2027: 90%左右 | 89.4% |
| 近岸海域水质优良比例 | 2027: 83%左右 | 85% |
| 美丽河湖,美丽海湾建成率 | 2027: 40% | 94个美丽河湖优秀案例/33个美丽海湾优秀案例* |
| 2035:基本建成 |
| 土壤 | 受污染耕地安全利用率 | 2027: 94%以上 | 91%以上 |
| 地下水国控点位I-IV类水比例 | 2035: 80%以上 | 77.8% |
| 固废和新污染物 | “无废城市”建设比例 | 2027: 60% | 33.9% (113个地级及以上城市和8个特殊地区) |
| 2035: 100% |
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