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Article(id=1234106386020356725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1234106384963400440, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731168000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772163491015, onlineDateStr=2026-02-27, pubDate=1750348800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772163491015, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772163491015, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772163491015, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1234106384963400440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, year='2025', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='2961', pageEnd='3552', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772163490763, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772163969484, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1234108392948682946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1234106384963400440, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1234108392948682947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1234106384963400440, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2983, endPage=2991, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1234106388809568906, articleId=1234106386020356725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=EN, title=Pollution characterization of typical emerging contaminations in atmospheric particulate matter in winter at southwest suburbs of Chengdu City, columnId=1234106386020365051, journalTitle=China Environmental Science, columnName=Air Pollution Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were selected as the typical emerging contaminations to investigate the pollution characteristics in the atmospheric particulate matter (APM) of Chengdu. Concentration levels of 25PFASs and 9PPCPs in the APM of Chengdu were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and source analysis was carried out on the PFASs, and the concentrations of the PFASs were correlated with total suspended particulate matter(TSP). The results showed that 10PFASs and 1PPCPs were detected in the APM. ∑10PFASs concentrations ranged from 4.58 to 647.59pg/m3, with a mean value of 140.81pg/m3, and the highest level was found in PFBA (mean value of 133.18pg/m3). The concentration of ∑PPCPs ranged from 34.98 to 474.00pg/m3, with a mean value of 189.88pg/m3, among which cotinine (CTN) was the only detected PPCP. The principal component analysis indicated that the atmospheric PFASs in the atmosphere of Chengdu were mainly originated from the surfactants, textile and leather industries. Except for 6:2 Fluorotonous Sulfonic Acid (6:2FTSA) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), all the other PFASs showed a significant positive correlation with TSP(P<0.05), which is related to the presence of Fe2O3 oxides and organic matter in atmospheric particulate matter discussed.

, correspAuthors=Shu-hong FANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yun ZHANG, Chong TANG, Ting-yu YAN, Wei LIU, Jing SUN, Shu-hong FANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1234106390046888624, articleId=1234106386020356725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=CN, title=成都市西南郊区冬季大气颗粒物中典型新污染物的污染特征, columnId=1234106388364981004, journalTitle=中国环境科学, columnName=大气污染与控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

选取全氟及多氟烷基化合物(PFASs)和药物及个人护理品(PPCPs)作为典型新污染物，研究其在成都地区大气中的污染特征.采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析成都地区大气中25种PFASs和9种PPCPs浓度水平，对PFASs进行源解析并将其浓度与总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)做相关性分析.结果表明，大气中共检出10种PFASs和1种PPCPs.∑10PFASs的浓度范围为4.58~647.59pg/m3，平均值为140.81pg/m3，其中PFBA含量最高(平均值为133.18pg/m3).∑PPCPs的浓度范围为34.98~474.00pg/m3，平均值为189.88pg/m3，其中可替宁(CTN)是唯一检出物质.主成分分析表明成都地区大气中PFASs主要来源于表面活性剂、纺织业和皮革业等行业生产使用后排放至大气中形成的面源污染.成都市大气PFASs的物质中除了6:2氟调磺酸(6:2FTSA)和全氟丁酸(PFBA)，其余检出物质均与TSP呈显著正相关(P<0.05)，这与大气颗粒物中含有Fe2O3氧化物以及有机质有关.

, correspAuthors=方淑红, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 责任作者，副教授，
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张芸(2002-)，男，四川泸州人，成都信息工程大学硕士研究生，主要研究方向为新污染物的环境行为..

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张芸(2002-)，男，四川泸州人，成都信息工程大学硕士研究生，主要研究方向为新污染物的环境行为..

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张芸(2002-)，男，四川泸州人，成都信息工程大学硕士研究生，主要研究方向为新污染物的环境行为..

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China Environmental Monitoring，2014，30(2):145-150., articleTitle=Chemical characteristics and source analysis of water-soluble ions in PM10 and PM2.5 in Tianjin, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1234106398963978465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, awardId=21607018, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(21607018), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1234106399228219635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, awardId=2023-YF09-00013-SN, language=CN, fundingSource=成都市科技局重点支撑研发计划项目(2023-YF09-00013-SN), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1234106390353072826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1234106390361461435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, companyId=1234106390353072826, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1234106390374044349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, companyId=1234106390353072826, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.成都信息工程大学资源环境学院，四川 成都 610225)]), AuthorCompany(id=1234106390541816515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1234106390600536773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, companyId=1234106390541816515, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1234106390613119686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, companyId=1234106390541816515, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.成都信息工程大学电子工程学院，四川 成都 610225)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1234106395780502522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Profiles of PFASs in the APM of the study area, figureFileSmall=pd4LFrrpi9jbu9cCd8inTw==, figureFileBig=2pG3dRr+NuZw1he80OKPOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106396992655370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究区域大气中PFASs组成, figureFileSmall=pd4LFrrpi9jbu9cCd8inTw==, figureFileBig=2pG3dRr+NuZw1he80OKPOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106397265285159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Principal component loading plots of PFASs samples in the APM of Chengdu city, figureFileSmall=L2rladZQkFbHVavY2BD+fQ==, figureFileBig=NAFLzXS83DuVnUHJgzuVWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106397391114294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, language=CN, label=图2, caption=成都市大气PFASs样品的主成分负荷, figureFileSmall=L2rladZQkFbHVavY2BD+fQ==, figureFileBig=NAFLzXS83DuVnUHJgzuVWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1234106397504360516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Recoveries and method detection limits (MDL) of PFASs and PPCPs in the atmosphere

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称回收率(%)标准偏差(%)检出限(ng/g)
PFBA6270.009
PFPeA63130.002
PFBS6030.006
4:2FTSA7390.287
PFHxA5980.003
PFPeS6770.008
HFPO-DA53170.016
PFHpA6840.01
PFHxS66110.05
6:2FTSA10490.123
PFOA6430.01
PFHpS6880.011
PFOS7290.017
PFNA6180.002
PFNS62150.029
PFDA5630.009
N-MeFOSAA5150.033
PFDS6480.03
PFUnDA6170.013
N-EtFOSAA55130.018
PFOSA7760.015
11Cl-PF3OUdS86100.012
PFDoDA64140.007
PFTrDA82170.014
PFTeDA58150.014
SD52100.033
NOR6380.098
SMX7370.057
SME6870.205
SMM7990.087
CAP56130.239
CTM9960.002
CTN6130.044
FXT12470.001
), ArticleFig(id=1234106397680521302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

大气中PFASs和PPCPs的回收率及方法检出限(MDL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称回收率(%)标准偏差(%)检出限(ng/g)
PFBA6270.009
PFPeA63130.002
PFBS6030.006
4:2FTSA7390.287
PFHxA5980.003
PFPeS6770.008
HFPO-DA53170.016
PFHpA6840.01
PFHxS66110.05
6:2FTSA10490.123
PFOA6430.01
PFHpS6880.011
PFOS7290.017
PFNA6180.002
PFNS62150.029
PFDA5630.009
N-MeFOSAA5150.033
PFDS6480.03
PFUnDA6170.013
N-EtFOSAA55130.018
PFOSA7760.015
11Cl-PF3OUdS86100.012
PFDoDA64140.007
PFTrDA82170.014
PFTeDA58150.014
SD52100.033
NOR6380.098
SMX7370.057
SME6870.205
SMM7990.087
CAP56130.239
CTM9960.002
CTN6130.044
FXT12470.001
), ArticleFig(id=1234106397789573219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Concentrations and detection rate of PFASs in the APM in the present study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
日期PFBAPFHpA6:2FTSAPFOAPFNAPFDAPFUndA11Cl-PF3OUdSPFDoDAPFTrDA∑10PFASs
01-05n.d.4.64n.d.8.871.712.090.710.300.500.3119.12
01-06n.d.1.5112.073.060.520.610.530.100.450.309.15
01-07127.540.99n.d.3.470.740.590.310.130.330.20134.29
01-0896.231.800.724.141.460.910.600.060.400.31106.63
01-0911.830.78n.d.3.610.440.500.34n.d.0.340.2218.06
01-106.692.610.745.051.421.890.940.060.710.4520.57
01-1120.253.651.174.571.491.430.920.130.790.6135.00
01-12525.682.77n.d.4.650.891.200.46n.d.0.850.60537.09
01-13637.141.931.572.550.991.250.790.050.720.60647.59
01-14437.702.010.673.621.120.780.760.080.610.48447.84
01-15138.330.890.821.680.510.270.27n.d.0.200.24143.20
01-164.430.650.721.660.420.290.210.260.280.229.13
01-17240.340.411.672.070.630.430.250.070.420.374246.62
01-18192.410.602.081.470.550.320.28n.d.0.250.18198.15
01-193.690.70n.d.1.550.630.330.45n.d.0.330.267.95
01-201.160.33n.d.1.570.490.590.17n.d.0.180.104.58
01-217.610.18n.d.1.780.300.240.08n.d.0.19n.d.10.37
01-2274.090.33n.d.1.790.290.280.14n.d.0.170.0777.15
01-235.730.26n.d.1.050.340.290.30n.d.0.260.208.43
01-24132.750.162n.d.1.350.240.170.21n.d.0.190.21135.28
平均值133.181.361.222.980.760.720.440.120.410.31140.81
含量范围n.d.~637.144.64~0.16n.d.~2.088.87~1.050.24~1.710.17~2.090.08~0.94n.d.~0.300.17~0.88n.d.~0.614.58~647.59
检出率(%)90100501001001001005010095-
), ArticleFig(id=1234106397915402353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

研究区域大气中的PFASs含量及检出率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
日期PFBAPFHpA6:2FTSAPFOAPFNAPFDAPFUndA11Cl-PF3OUdSPFDoDAPFTrDA∑10PFASs
01-05n.d.4.64n.d.8.871.712.090.710.300.500.3119.12
01-06n.d.1.5112.073.060.520.610.530.100.450.309.15
01-07127.540.99n.d.3.470.740.590.310.130.330.20134.29
01-0896.231.800.724.141.460.910.600.060.400.31106.63
01-0911.830.78n.d.3.610.440.500.34n.d.0.340.2218.06
01-106.692.610.745.051.421.890.940.060.710.4520.57
01-1120.253.651.174.571.491.430.920.130.790.6135.00
01-12525.682.77n.d.4.650.891.200.46n.d.0.850.60537.09
01-13637.141.931.572.550.991.250.790.050.720.60647.59
01-14437.702.010.673.621.120.780.760.080.610.48447.84
01-15138.330.890.821.680.510.270.27n.d.0.200.24143.20
01-164.430.650.721.660.420.290.210.260.280.229.13
01-17240.340.411.672.070.630.430.250.070.420.374246.62
01-18192.410.602.081.470.550.320.28n.d.0.250.18198.15
01-193.690.70n.d.1.550.630.330.45n.d.0.330.267.95
01-201.160.33n.d.1.570.490.590.17n.d.0.180.104.58
01-217.610.18n.d.1.780.300.240.08n.d.0.19n.d.10.37
01-2274.090.33n.d.1.790.290.280.14n.d.0.170.0777.15
01-235.730.26n.d.1.050.340.290.30n.d.0.260.208.43
01-24132.750.162n.d.1.350.240.170.21n.d.0.190.21135.28
平均值133.181.361.222.980.760.720.440.120.410.31140.81
含量范围n.d.~637.144.64~0.16n.d.~2.088.87~1.050.24~1.710.17~2.090.08~0.94n.d.~0.300.17~0.88n.d.~0.614.58~647.59
检出率(%)90100501001001001005010095-
), ArticleFig(id=1234106398028648572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Concentrations and detection rate of PPCPs in the APM of the study area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
日期CTN∑PPCPs
01-05212.62212.62
01-06228.35228.35
01-07232.88232.88
01-08261.73261.73
01-09215.77215.77
01-10280.60280.60
01-11459.55459.55
01-12474.00474.00
01-13322.40322.40
01-14220.75220.75
01-15125.50125.50
01-16148.46148.46
01-17180.96180.96
01-1887.4487.44
01-1968.6568.65
01-2044.0544.05
01-2134.9834.98
01-2254.2554.25
01-2379.2379.23
01-2465.3965.39
平均值189.88189.88
含量范围34.98~474.0034.98~474.00
检出率(%)100-
), ArticleFig(id=1234106398238363787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

研究区域大气中的PPCPs含量及检出率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
日期CTN∑PPCPs
01-05212.62212.62
01-06228.35228.35
01-07232.88232.88
01-08261.73261.73
01-09215.77215.77
01-10280.60280.60
01-11459.55459.55
01-12474.00474.00
01-13322.40322.40
01-14220.75220.75
01-15125.50125.50
01-16148.46148.46
01-17180.96180.96
01-1887.4487.44
01-1968.6568.65
01-2044.0544.05
01-2134.9834.98
01-2254.2554.25
01-2379.2379.23
01-2465.3965.39
平均值189.88189.88
含量范围34.98~474.0034.98~474.00
检出率(%)100-
), ArticleFig(id=1234106398359998615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Applications of typical PFASs components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PFASs名称应用
PFBA表面活性剂、润滑剂、助剂等
6:2FTSA皮革、造纸、消防泡沫、电镀和半导体制造等
PFTrDA前体化合物FTOHs的降解产物
PFDoDA前体化合物FTOHs的降解产物
PFUnDA可应用材料中间体的制备
PFNA合成纺织品等表面活性剂
PFHpA含氟聚合物的生产以及前体化合物的降解产物
PFDA前体化合物的降解产物或全氟羧酸生产过程排放
PFOA纺织品阻燃、橡胶品的乳化、食品包装过程和纸类表面处理、灭火器的使用等
11Cl-PF3OUdS含氟聚合物的生产
), ArticleFig(id=1234106398519382183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

PFASs典型组分的应用[28-29]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PFASs名称应用
PFBA表面活性剂、润滑剂、助剂等
6:2FTSA皮革、造纸、消防泡沫、电镀和半导体制造等
PFTrDA前体化合物FTOHs的降解产物
PFDoDA前体化合物FTOHs的降解产物
PFUnDA可应用材料中间体的制备
PFNA合成纺织品等表面活性剂
PFHpA含氟聚合物的生产以及前体化合物的降解产物
PFDA前体化合物的降解产物或全氟羧酸生产过程排放
PFOA纺织品阻燃、橡胶品的乳化、食品包装过程和纸类表面处理、灭火器的使用等
11Cl-PF3OUdS含氟聚合物的生产
), ArticleFig(id=1234106398657794232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Correlation coefficient between PFASs concentration and TSP concentration in the atmosphere

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质TSPPFBAPFHpA6:2FTSAPFOAPFNAPFDAPFUnDA11Cl-PF3OUdSPFDoDAPFTrDA
TSP1.0000.2250.739**0.0690.773**0.657**0.767**0.693**0.577**0.744**0.647**
PFBA1.0000.0960.2730.0670.138-0.0240.081-0.1780.2190.308
PFHpA1.0000.2650.859**0.892**0.884**0.877**0.578**0.867**0.804**
6:2FTSA1.0000.0800.3240.2160.3260.3310.3440.416
PFOA1.0000.764**0.821**0.698**0.547*0.774**0.651**
PFNA1.0000.894**0.852**0.584**0.810**0.773**
PFDA1.0000.860**0.556*0.842**0.739**
PFUnDA1.0000.473*0.882**0.827**
11Cl-PF3OUdS1.0000.531*0.457*
PFDoDA1.0000.925**
PFTrDA1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1234106398817177807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1234106386020356725, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

大气中PFASs浓度和TSP浓度相关系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质TSPPFBAPFHpA6:2FTSAPFOAPFNAPFDAPFUnDA11Cl-PF3OUdSPFDoDAPFTrDA
TSP1.0000.2250.739**0.0690.773**0.657**0.767**0.693**0.577**0.744**0.647**
PFBA1.0000.0960.2730.0670.138-0.0240.081-0.1780.2190.308
PFHpA1.0000.2650.859**0.892**0.884**0.877**0.578**0.867**0.804**
6:2FTSA1.0000.0800.3240.2160.3260.3310.3440.416
PFOA1.0000.764**0.821**0.698**0.547*0.774**0.651**
PFNA1.0000.894**0.852**0.584**0.810**0.773**
PFDA1.0000.860**0.556*0.842**0.739**
PFUnDA1.0000.473*0.882**0.827**
11Cl-PF3OUdS1.0000.531*0.457*
PFDoDA1.0000.925**
PFTrDA1.000
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成都市西南郊区冬季大气颗粒物中典型新污染物的污染特征
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张芸 1 , 唐冲 1 , 颜廷昱 2 , 刘伟 1 , 孙静 1 , 方淑红 1, *
中国环境科学 | 大气污染与控制 2025,45(6): 2983-2991
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中国环境科学 | 大气污染与控制 2025, 45(6): 2983-2991
成都市西南郊区冬季大气颗粒物中典型新污染物的污染特征
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张芸1 , 唐冲1, 颜廷昱2, 刘伟1, 孙静1, 方淑红1, *
作者信息
  • 1.成都信息工程大学资源环境学院，四川 成都 610225
  • 2.成都信息工程大学电子工程学院，四川 成都 610225

    • 张芸(2002-)，男，四川泸州人，成都信息工程大学硕士研究生，主要研究方向为新污染物的环境行为..

通讯作者:

* 责任作者，副教授，
Pollution characterization of typical emerging contaminations in atmospheric particulate matter in winter at southwest suburbs of Chengdu City
Yun ZHANG1 , Chong TANG1, Ting-yu YAN2, Wei LIU1, Jing SUN1, Shu-hong FANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
  • 2.College of of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
出版时间: 2025-06-20
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摘要
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选取全氟及多氟烷基化合物(PFASs)和药物及个人护理品(PPCPs)作为典型新污染物，研究其在成都地区大气中的污染特征.采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析成都地区大气中25种PFASs和9种PPCPs浓度水平，对PFASs进行源解析并将其浓度与总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)做相关性分析.结果表明，大气中共检出10种PFASs和1种PPCPs.∑10PFASs的浓度范围为4.58~647.59pg/m3，平均值为140.81pg/m3，其中PFBA含量最高(平均值为133.18pg/m3).∑PPCPs的浓度范围为34.98~474.00pg/m3，平均值为189.88pg/m3，其中可替宁(CTN)是唯一检出物质.主成分分析表明成都地区大气中PFASs主要来源于表面活性剂、纺织业和皮革业等行业生产使用后排放至大气中形成的面源污染.成都市大气PFASs的物质中除了6:2氟调磺酸(6:2FTSA)和全氟丁酸(PFBA)，其余检出物质均与TSP呈显著正相关(P<0.05)，这与大气颗粒物中含有Fe2O3氧化物以及有机质有关.

新污染物  /  全氟化合物  /  药物及个人护理品  /  大气颗粒物  /  源解析

Per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were selected as the typical emerging contaminations to investigate the pollution characteristics in the atmospheric particulate matter (APM) of Chengdu. Concentration levels of 25PFASs and 9PPCPs in the APM of Chengdu were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and source analysis was carried out on the PFASs, and the concentrations of the PFASs were correlated with total suspended particulate matter(TSP). The results showed that 10PFASs and 1PPCPs were detected in the APM. ∑10PFASs concentrations ranged from 4.58 to 647.59pg/m3, with a mean value of 140.81pg/m3, and the highest level was found in PFBA (mean value of 133.18pg/m3). The concentration of ∑PPCPs ranged from 34.98 to 474.00pg/m3, with a mean value of 189.88pg/m3, among which cotinine (CTN) was the only detected PPCP. The principal component analysis indicated that the atmospheric PFASs in the atmosphere of Chengdu were mainly originated from the surfactants, textile and leather industries. Except for 6:2 Fluorotonous Sulfonic Acid (6:2FTSA) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), all the other PFASs showed a significant positive correlation with TSP(P<0.05), which is related to the presence of Fe2O3 oxides and organic matter in atmospheric particulate matter discussed.

emerging contaminations  /  PFASs  /  PPCPs  /  atmospheric particulate matter  /  source analysis
张芸, 唐冲, 颜廷昱, 刘伟, 孙静, 方淑红. 成都市西南郊区冬季大气颗粒物中典型新污染物的污染特征. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (6) : 2983 -2991 .
Yun ZHANG, Chong TANG, Ting-yu YAN, Wei LIU, Jing SUN, Shu-hong FANG. Pollution characterization of typical emerging contaminations in atmospheric particulate matter in winter at southwest suburbs of Chengdu City[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (6) : 2983 -2991 .
正文
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持久性有机污染物(POPs)、内分泌干扰物、抗生素等是目前环境中广受关注的新污染物[1-2].这些新污染物中，全氟及多氟烷基化合物(PFASs)和药物及个人护理品(PPCPs)是在环境中普遍检出的典型新污染物.PFASs是碳链上的氢原子全部或部分被氟原子所取代的一类有机化合物，它具有高表面活性、高热稳定性、高化学稳定性和疏水疏油性，可通过不同途径进入生物体，能沿食物链传递生物富集和放大，对生态环境及人类健康构成潜在威胁[3-4]，依据基团可将其划分为全氟烷基羧酸盐(PFCAs)和全氟烷基磺酸盐(PFSAs)两类.其中，碳链长度≥7的PFCAs和碳链长度≥6的PFSAs称为长链PFASs，反之则为短链PFASs[5].PPCPs是指人工合成并使用的化学物质，具有慢性毒性、伪持久性和生物累积性[6]，主要包括两类，一类是各种处方药和非处方药，包括抗生素、激素、消炎镇痛药、降压降血脂药和抗精神药等，一类是个人护理产品，如消毒剂和合成麝香等.
国内外学者已对大气颗粒物中的新污染物浓度水平、化学组成、来源解析等开展了一系列研究.研究表明，PFASs和PPCPs在大气中普遍存在[7-8]，并随着大气环流传输到人类活动较少的偏远地区，如极地和青藏高原等地[9-11].同时，研究还发现大气中PFASs的浓度受温度、颗粒物粒径、人口密度等的影响[12-13].
成都市作为西部地区重要的中心城市，工业农业为主要产业，存在一定的面源污染.且成都位于四川盆地，年平均风速<2m/s，其独特的地理位置和气候条件导致空气流动性弱，大气环境容量相对有限，污染物易于在特定条件下积聚难以扩散，尤其在冬季尤为明显.冬季期间，低温、高空气稳定度以及居民取暖需求的增加等因素共同作用，导致大气污染物浓度显著升高，雾霾天气频发.基于此，本研究通过分析成都冬季大气颗粒物中典型新污染物的浓度水平，揭示其在成都市大气颗粒物中的赋存特征、来源解析以及影响因素，为成都市新污染物的管控提供参考.
1　材料与方法
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1.1　样品采集与保存
成都位于中国西南四川盆地西部，坐落于成都平原的核心地带，其气候类型属于亚热带季风性湿润气候，夏季的相对平均湿度大约为85%，而冬季则为80%.年平均风速为1.0m/s，年最大风速可达到26m/s.主导风向为北东北.本研究采样点位于成都市西南郊区成都信息工程大学城市环境气象观测站的楼顶平台.在2024年1月5~24日，采用KC-6120型自动采样器配备了TSP切割头，流量设置为100L/min，开展了为期20d的连续大气样品采集工作，期间该区域经历了重污染天气.采样活动为每日11:00-次日10:30连续不间断采样，并记录采样期间气压、气温、天气状况等基本信息，为深入分析大气颗粒物中新污染物的浓度特征提供基础数据.采样点位周边500m范围内有成都绕城高速，西北方向4.5km处则是成都双流国际机场.采样点周围分布着学校、居民区、餐饮和道路等多种功能区.
在进行采样前，滤膜需先在马弗炉中以500℃的高温煅烧6h，以彻底去除所含的有机物杂质.煅烧后，滤膜在恒温恒湿环境下平衡24h后称重，称重后用锡箔纸包裹并妥善保存在聚乙烯材质的采样袋中.为了确保样品不被污染，所有可能与样品发生接触的采样器部件和器皿均需使用甲醇彻底清洗.当样品采集完毕后，滤膜再次进行称重，并用铝箔进行包裹，然后放入采样袋中.
1.2　实验仪器与材料
仪器：KC-6120型自动采样器、超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(1290Infinity II-6465B，安捷伦科技有限公司)、电子分析天平(SQP，赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司)、水浴氮吹仪(JHD-006S，上海极恒实业)、低速台式离心机(TDL-5-A，上海安亭科学仪器厂)和水浴恒温振荡器(SHA-B，江苏金坛宏华仪器厂)等.
试剂与材料：甲醇(色谱纯，99.9%，Fisher chemical公司)、氨水(分析纯，25%，成都市科隆化学品有限公司)、甲酸(色谱纯，99.9%，上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司)、Milli-Q超纯水、一次性聚丙烯离心管(PP管，上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司)、乙腈(色谱纯，99.9%，Fisher chemical公司).
实验标准品：PFASs采用高纯度混合标准品PFAC-MXB和高纯度混合碳同位素标记品PFAC-MXA(Wellington公司)，包括：全氟丁烷羧酸(PFBA)、全氟丁烷磺酸(PFBS)、全氟戊烷羧酸(PFPeA)、全氟己烷羧酸(PFHxA)、全氟己烷磺酸(PFHxS)、全氟庚烷羧酸(PFHpA)、全氟辛烷羧酸(PFOA)、全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)、全氟壬烷磺酸(PFNS)、全氟壬烷羧酸(PFNA)、全氟癸烷羧酸(PFDA)、全氟十一烷羧酸(PFUnDA)、全氟十二烷羧酸(PFDoDA)、全氟癸烷磺酸(PFDS)、全氟戊烷磺酸(PFPeS)、全氟庚烷磺酸(PFHpS)、N-甲基全氟-1-辛烷磺酸氨基乙酸(N-MeFOSAA)、N-乙基全氟-1-辛烷磺酸氨基乙酸(N-EtFOSAA)、六氧环氧丙烷二聚酸(HFPO-DA)、6：2氟调聚磺酸(4：2FTSA)、6：2氟调聚磺酸(6：2FTSA)、全氟辛基磺酸盐(PFOSA)、11-氯二十氟-3-氧代十一烷-1-磺酸钾(11Cl-PF3OUdS)、全氟十三烷酸(PFTrDA)和全氟十四烷酸(PFTeDA).碳标记内标物包括：13C2-PFDA、13C2-PFUnDA、13C2-PFHxA、13C2-PFDoDA、13C4-PFBA、13C4-PFOA、13C4-PFOS、13C5-PFNA和13O2-PFHxS.PPCPs有9种抗生素标准品，包括克拉霉素(CTM)、磺胺嘧啶(SD)、磺胺甲噁唑(SMX)、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶(SME)、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)、可替宁(CTN)、氟西汀(FXT)、诺氟沙星(NOR)和氯霉素(CAP).内标物为SMR-13C6、NOR-D5、CAF13C3.药品购于Dr.Ehreastorfer GmbH公司.
1.3　样品前处理
将大气样品剪成0.5cm宽的长条状，转移到50mL PP离心管中，加入2ng PFASs混合内标和5ng PPCPs混合内标，涡旋30s使其充分混合，静置过夜.加入15mL0.1%氨水/甲醇溶液，涡旋30s混匀.然后超声萃取30min，在摇床上于250r/min振荡2h后，4000r/min离心10min取上清液.将上清液转移到新的15mL PP管中.重复超声萃取30min，然后振荡1h，离心8min，将上清液合并到同一PP管中.再重复超声萃取一次，转移上清液.将合并的3次上清液在温和氮气流下浓缩至0.5mL并定容，使用0.22um微孔尼龙滤膜过滤后转入进样小瓶中，于4℃保存待UPLC-MS/MS分析.
1.4　液相色谱/质谱条件
本实验采用超高效液相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱仪(UPLC-MS/MS，1290-6465B，安捷伦)及C18色谱柱(Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18，2.1mm×50mm，1.8μm)对大气样品进行定性定量分析.PFASs的色谱条件：进样量为5μL，柱温35℃，流动相采用5mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(A相)和甲醇(B相)，流速为0.4mL/min.流动相梯度洗脱程序：0.00~0.10min，A相比例为90%;0.10~6.00min，A相比例由90%降为5%;6.00~8.00min，A相比例为5%;然后运行3min.质谱条件：电喷雾离子源；ESI源负离子模式，采用多反应检测模式(MRM)，毛细管电压为3000V，干燥气温度250℃，雾化器压力为35psi(240kPa).PPCPs的色谱条件：进样量为5μL;柱温40℃;无机流动相为0.1%的甲酸水，有机流动相为乙腈，流速为0.300mL/min.质谱条件：多反应检测模式(MRM)，离子源为AJSESI，根据化合物的不同性质，分别采用电喷雾正离子源ESI+和负离子源ESI-;毛细管电压为2800V;干燥气温度为300℃，干燥气流速为7.0L/min;鞘气温度为300℃，鞘气流速为11.0L/min;雾化器压力为15psi.
1.5　质量保证与质量控制
实验中为了避免出现交叉污染，在实验过程和分析过程中严格控制和避免使用可能会影响实验结果的试剂和材料，为了避免聚四氟乙烯材质引入背景干扰，所有实验容器均为聚丙烯材料，所有实验装置和容器在使用前均用甲醇和超纯水进行处理.
除了HFPO-DA和11C1-PF3OUdS采用外标法计算回收率，其余PFASs和PPCPs则是采用内标法计算.采用9个PFASs(0，0.05，0.1，0.5，1，2，5，10，20ng/mL)以及10个PPCPs(0，0.05，0.1，0.5，1，2，5，10，20，50ng/mL)系列浓度梯度的标准曲线，线性系数R>0.99.每12个样品测定1次5ng/mL的标准品以监测仪器的稳定性.回收率实验PFASs和PPCPs的加标含量分别为2和5ng，每组设置了3个平行样，相对标准偏差均<15%，PFASs内标回收率为51%~104%，PPCPs的内标回收率为52%~124%，满足实验要求.本实验的方法检出限(MDL)是实验空白检出的平均值与3倍标准偏差的和，若空白中未检出，则取信噪比等于3时的含量，方法检出限结果如表1所示.实验中每批样品设置2个空白样品，空白样品中均未检测出PFASs和PPCPs目标化合物.
1.6　数据处理与分析
本研究采用IBM SPSS Statistics 25和Origin 2018对数据进行统计分析和作图.
2　结果与讨论
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2.1　PFASs浓度水平与特征
2.1.1　PFASs的浓度水平及特征
本研究对成都市大气中的25种PFASs目标化合物进行分析，实验空白均未检出，所有样品中均有PFASs的检出，说明PFASs在成都地区普遍存在.样品中PFASs的浓度水平及检出率见表2.
在成都市大气中的25种PFASs目标化合物中，共有10种PFASs被检出.其中检出率最高的是PFHpA、PFOA、PFNA、PFDA、PFUnDA和PFDoDA(100%)，其次是PFTrDA(95%)，PFBA(90%)、6:2FTSA(50%)和11Cl-PF3OUd(50%).∑10PFASs的检出范围为4.58~647.59pg/m3，平均值为140.81pg/m3，与浙江(251.93pg/m3)[14]和北京(157pg/m3)[15]大气中∑PFASs的浓度处于同一水平.其中，PFBA的平均浓度最高(133.18pg/m3)，高于北京市(1.22pg/m3)[15]和厦门市(2.4pg/m3)[16]大气中PFBA浓度;其次是PFOA (2.98pg/m3)，低于浙江省(68.56pg/m3)[14]和北京市(4.67pg/m3)[15]大气中PFOA浓度;浓度最低的为PFHpA(1.36pg/m3)和6:2FTSA(1.22pg/m3).
在大气中检出的10种PFASs中，短链PFASs(C<8)如PFBA(133.18pg/m3)、PFOA(2.98pg/m3)、PFHpA(1.36pg/m3)和6:2FTSA(1.22pg/m3)相较其它几种长链PFASs物质，其浓度比较高.随着碳原子数的增加，长链PFASs的检出率和检出浓度明显下降，这可能因为短链PFASs的饱和蒸气压较高，比长链PFASs更容易从地表水等环境中进入大气环境[17].
大气中PFBA和PFOA的较高浓度受源排放影响：首要因素为采样点的地理位置，即周围源排放的影响.该点位于成都信息工程大学城市环境气象观测站的楼顶，在距离采样点位500m内有一条成都绕城高速，在西北方向4.5km范围处是成都双流国际机场，其独特的地理位置使其对周围环境变化具有高度的敏感性.成都绕城高速该路段车流量密集，车辆频繁刹车导致轮胎磨损严重，产生的碎屑中含有橡胶材料，这些材料在摩擦过程中会释放出PFOA和PFBA等有害化学物质[18]，进而对周边大气环境造成污染.其次，成都双流国际机场的地理位置对大气中PFBA和PFOA的浓度产生了显著影响.机场位于采样点的西北方向，在机场的日常运营过程中，PFOA作为航空液压油的重要添加剂应用广泛[19].无论是民用还是军用飞机，在飞行和起降过程中都会排放出含有PFOA的废气，这导致该区域大气中的PFOA浓度相对较高.最后，双流区域周边的工业活动也是导致大气中PFBA浓度升高的一个重要因素.该区域内存在多家家具制造企业和大型氟橡胶生产工厂，这些企业在生产过程中所使用的涂料、油漆以及氟橡胶等材料中通常含有PFBA成分.在生产和使用过程中，这些有害物质会不断挥发至大气环境中，从而加剧了大气中PFBA的浓度.
值得注意的是，虽然6:2FTSA在样本中的检出率最低，但是检出浓度(1.22pg/m3)表现出了较高水平.6:2FTSA作为PFOS的替代品，不仅应用于金属和塑料部件的表面处理和氟聚物乳化过程，而且也是水成膜泡沫灭火剂(AFFFs)中新型氟调聚表面活性剂6:2氟调聚磺酰胺烷基甜菜碱(6:2FTAB)的降解产物之一[20].因此，导致成都地区大气中6:2FTSA浓度如此高的原因可能是双流国际机场以及周边配套消防站因为消防演练使用AFFFs而导致其在大气中浓度增加.
由图1可看出，除了1月5日和6日外，其余样本中PFASs贡献率最大的物质为PFBA，其平均贡献率为69%，最高贡献率为98%.其次为PFOA(13%)和PFHpA(5%).PFBA在大气中PFASs占主导地位，这与方淑红等[21]对成都市道路积尘中全氟化合物的污染特征的研究结果一致，这可能是因为它是碳链长度为4的短链PFASs，与碳链长度较长的PFOA相比，具有较高的饱和蒸汽压，更容易从土壤和水环境等介质中迁移至大气环境中[22].而且随着法律法规限制和禁止生产及使用PFOA和PFOS，PFBA作为PFOA的替代品被生产使用，导致PFBA具有在大气中含量逐渐升高的趋势[23].其次，PFBA贡献率差异显著的原因是受气象因素的影响.由于采样天气的不同，例如1月10日和1月20日采样是在雨天进行的，雨水冲刷作用导致PFBA浓度较低;而其他采样点是在雾霾天气下进行的，PFBA能够随着大气颗粒物一起发生沉降，因此其贡献率相对较高.
2.1.2　PPCPs的浓度水平及特征
本研究对成都市大气中9种PPCPs目标化合物进行分析，实验空白均未检出，所有样品中均有CTN的检出，说明CTN在成都地区普遍存在.样品中PPCPs的浓度水平及检出率见表3.
在研究区域的9种PPCPs目标化合物中，只检出了可替宁(CTN)且CTN检出率为100%.∑PPCPs的检出范围为34.98~474.00pg/m3，平均值为189.88pg/m3.CTN的平均值为189.88pg/m3，低于越南河内市(2186pg/m3)[24]和马来西亚(1410pg/m3)[25]，处于较低水平.大多数PPCPs化合物都具有较强的极性和较弱的挥发性，且它们的半衰期都比较短，因此其在大气环境中检出率很低.而CTN是唯一被检出且检出率为100%的PPCP，造成此结果的原因可能是由于人类大量吸烟导致.CTN又名烟碱，烟草和电子烟产生的烟雾中含有多种有毒有害物质，其中包括尼古丁.在人体内，大约有70%~80%的尼古丁会被代谢成左旋可替宁(s-cotinine)，左旋可替宁可在体内进一步转化为反式-3-羟基可替宁(trans-3'-hydroxy cotinine)，约占33%~40%[26].与其它PPCPs物质相比，CTN的半衰期较长，这意味着它在环境中的持久性更强.在成都市，由于吸烟者众多，这一因素对于大气中CTN的高检出率起到了重要作用.彭柟等[27]在2018年对成都市的吸烟率进行调查，研究结果显示成都市中心城区15岁及以上成人的吸烟率为23.0%，男性吸烟率为40.6%，女性吸烟率为3.2%，尽管女性吸烟率相对较低，但整体而言，成都市市民具有较高的吸烟率，这直接导致大气中CTN的检出率高.其次，位于成都市锦江区的四川中烟工业有限责任公司成都卷烟厂，以及其他烟草工业企业在其生产过程中，存在潜在排放含有尼古丁成分的废气或废水的风险.这些排放物在自然环境中的累积与转化过程，可能进一步对大气中CTN的浓度水平产生显著影响.
2.2　PFASs的来源解析
本研究对成都市大气中检出率大于50%的PFASs进行主成分分析，其主成分负荷图见图2.在主成分因子中，第一因子占比61.1%，第二因子占比18.0%，第三因子占比9.4%，可以用于解释成都市大气中88.5%的PFASs.
表4为PFASs典型组分的应用.在PC1中，PFTrDA、PFDoDA、PFHpA和PFDA具有较高载荷(>0.3)，包含40%的PFASs种类.由表4可知，这几种物质都是前体物质的降解产物，说明PC1所示特征是PFASs生产使用后排放至大气中再经过传输后形成的面源污染.PC2中PFBA(0.582)和6:2FTSA(0.390)载荷较高，这可能是因为随着法律法规限制和禁止生产及使用PFOA和PFOS，PFBA作为PFOA的替代品被生产使用[30]，6:2FTSA作为PFOS的替代品投入生产使用[31].PFBA和6:2FTSA可用于表面活性剂、纺织业和皮革业等，因此PC2可以解释成都市大气中PFASs的可能来源为以上行业生产以及使用量增加.综上所述，成都地区大气中PFASs主要来源于有关PFASs的表面活性剂、纺织业和皮革业等行业生产使用后排放至大气中形成的面源污染.
2.3　PFASs浓度与TSP的相关性分析
对本研究中涉及的10种PFASs物质与TSP做Spearman相关性分析.由表5可知，成都市大气PFASs的物质中除了6:2FTSA和PFBA，其余检出物质均与TSP呈显著正相关(P<0.05).大气中的PFASs可分为离子型PFASs和挥发性PFASs，挥发性PFASs主要出现在气相中，而离子型PFASs常吸附于颗粒物表面[32].有研究表明大气颗粒物在一定程度上对PFASs有吸附作用[13]，大气颗粒物中含有Fe2O3等对PFASs具有较强吸附作用的氧化物[33]，而且这些物质能催化FTOHs等PFASs前体物氧化生成PFHxA和PFHpA等离子型PFASs[34].其次，大气颗粒物中含有的有机质具有丰富的官能团和较大的比表面积，可以通过其表面的官能团和比表面积与PFASs发生吸附作用，从而影响PFASs在大气中的分布和迁移.
值得注意的是，成都市大气中PFHpA、PFOA、PFNA和PFDA与TSP的相关性更显著，这归因于大气颗粒物的酸碱特性以及钙离子(Ca2+)含量的影响.PFHpA、PFOA、PFNA和PFDA均含有羧基(—COOH)，它们容易与碱性物质相互作用.而大气颗粒物中的Ca2+含量较高[35-36]，并且表现出较强的碱性特性[37].这种较高的Ca2+含量和较强的碱性特性使得PFHpA、PFOA、PFNA和PFDA更易于通过化学键或吸附作用固着在大气颗粒物上，因此导致了PFHpA、PFOA、PFNA和PFDA与TSP之间存在更为显著的相关性.
3　结论
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3.1　对成都地区大气样品中25种PFASs目标化合物进行检测分析，共有10种PFASs被检出.成都地区大气中∑10PFASs的浓度范围为4.58~647.56pg/m3，平均值为140.81pg/m3，处于较低浓度水平.PFBA是成都地区主要的PFASs，平均贡献率为69%，检出含量也最高(平均值为133.18pg/m3).
3.2　对成都地区大气样品中9种PPCPs目标化合物进行检测分析，共有1种PPCPs被检出.成都地区大气中∑PPCPs的浓度范围为34.98~474.00pg/m3，平均值为189.88pg/m3，处于较低浓度水平.CTN是成都地区大气样品PPCPs目标化合物中唯一被检出的单体物质.
3.3　主成分分析表明成都地区大气中PFASs主要来源于有关PFASs的表面活性剂、纺织业和皮革业等行业生产使用后排放至大气中形成的面源污染.
3.4　成都市大气PFASs的物质中除了6:2FTSA和PFBA，其余检出物质均与TSP呈显著正相关(P<0.05)，这与大气颗粒物中含有Fe2O3氧化物以及有机质有关.
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(21607018)
  • 成都市科技局重点支撑研发计划项目(2023-YF09-00013-SN)
文献
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2025年第45卷第6期
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  • 接收时间：2024-11-10
  • 首发时间：2026-02-27
  • 出版时间：2025-06-20
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  • 收稿日期：2024-11-10
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成都市科技局重点支撑研发计划项目(2023-YF09-00013-SN)
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    1.成都信息工程大学资源环境学院，四川 成都 610225
    2.成都信息工程大学电子工程学院，四川 成都 610225

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
species		 占总种数比例
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total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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