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This paper reviews the historical development, research progress, and major challenges of nuclear-powered civilian vessels, and further explores their developmental trends and potential application pathways. First, it outlines the historical evolution of three typical applications, namely nuclear-powered merchant ships, nuclear-powered icebreakers, and offshore floating nuclear power plants, and summarizes the current status of relevant standards, regulations, and regulatory frameworks. Secondly, this study systematically reviews the current international research progress on various technical routes such as pressurized water reactors, fast reactors, molten salt reactors, small modular reactors, and micro modular reactors, and analyzes their potential advantages in civilian ship applications, as well as their limitations in terms of safety, economy, and regulation. Finally, the paper forecasts trends towards miniaturization, modularization, and inherent safety, and suggests steady progress through land-based testing, demonstration operations on fixed routes, segmented push-tug shipping modes, focused application scenarios, with the goal of improving economic efficiency and regulatory framework refinement.

, correspAuthors=Xinping YAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xinping YAN, Xingshan CHANG, Bing WU, Shiwei YAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1263557426003960733, articleId=1263557422765958021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, language=CN, title=核动力民用船舶研究现状与展望, columnId=1240655019599516481, journalTitle=中国航海, columnName=特邀专稿, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文综述了核动力民用船舶的发展历史、研究进展及面临的主要挑战，并探讨其发展趋势、应用路径。首先，回顾了核动力商船、核动力破冰船和海上浮动核电站三种典型应用的发展历程，总结了相关标准法规、监管机制现状。其次，系统梳理了当前国际在压水堆、快堆、熔盐堆、小堆、微堆等多种技术路线上的研究进展，分析其在民用船舶应用中的潜在优势，及安全性、经济性与监管方面的局限。最后，展望了小型化、模块化和固有安全方向的发展趋势，并建议通过固定航线示范运营、分段推船模式及聚焦应用场景、提升经济性、完善监管体系等措施，稳步推进核动力民船的开发与应用。

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严新平（1959—），男，教授，中国工程院院士，研究方向为水路交通系统的安全性、智能化和绿色技术。

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