Article(id=1240656101012730001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, issueId=1240656096998773667, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-4653.2025.01.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699027200000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773725064757, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773725064757, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773725064757, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773725064757, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240656096998773667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, year='2025', volume='48', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='198', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773725063800, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773725118083, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240656324749480238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, issueId=1240656096998773667, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240656324749480239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, issueId=1240656096998773667, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=132, endPage=140, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240656101532823698, articleId=1240656101012730001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, language=EN, title=Ship path planning in offshore wind farm waters based on improved A* algorithm, columnId=1240655021340160960, journalTitle=Navigation of China, columnName=Intelligent Shipping, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The traditional A* algorithm applied to the path planning of offshore wind farm operation and maintenance ships has not yet taken into account the dynamic obstacles, water currents, and crossing navigation channels, therefore, this paper proposes a path planning method that considers navigational risks, heading angle constraints, and path smoothing. On the basis of constructing the map of offshore wind farm water environment by raster method, weight coefficients are introduced to change the proportion of estimated surrogate value in the total cost function of the A* algorithm to achieve the purpose of balancing the strength of heuristic information and shortening the pathfinding time, and the risk of obstacles containing water currents is taken into account in order to improve the actual cost function of the A* algorithm and enhance the security of the planned paths. Meanwhile, the heading angle constraint is considered in the A* algorithm to reduce the total number of traversal nodes, the eight-neighborhood search is constrained to three neighboring nodes conforming to the path direction, the inflection points are extracted and visibility check is performed to remove the redundant inflection points in the path, and the smooth planning path is obtained using a uniform B-spline curve. Taking the Donghai Bridge No.5 and No.6 wind farm waters as an example, a high tide path planning scenario is established, and the operation and maintenance ship needs to pass through 9 wind turbines in order to complete the operation and maintenance tasks; 4 indexes (path length, total risk value of the path, total number of traversed nodes, and total number of inflection points) are utilized for evaluating the planning path, so as to validate the effectiveness of the improved A* algorithm. The simulation results show that in the high tide scenario, the planning path smoothness of the improved A* algorithm is improved by 77.69%, the total risk value of the planning path is reduced by 52.83%, and the total number of traversal nodes is reduced by 30.58%, but the planning path length of the improved A* algorithm is 252.89 m longer than that of the traditional A* algorithm.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhenyao LI, Xiang WAN, Jieyin LYU, Bing WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240656101780287635, articleId=1240656101012730001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, language=CN, title=基于改进A*算法的海上风电场运维船舶路径规划, columnId=1240655021528904650, journalTitle=中国航海, columnName=智能航运, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对传统A*算法应用于海上风电场运维船舶路径规划时未考虑动态障碍物、水流和穿越航道等因素的问题,提出考虑航行风险、航向角约束和路径平滑的路径规划方法。在使用栅格法构建海上风电场水域环境地图的基础上,引入权重系数改变估计代价值在A*算法总代价函数中的比例,达到平衡启发式信息强度和缩短寻路时间的目的,并通过考虑含水流的障碍物风险改进A*算法的实际代价函数,提升规划路径安全性。同时在A*算法中考虑航向角约束以减少遍历节点总数,将八邻域搜索设定为符合路径走向的3个相邻节点,提取各拐点并进行通视性检查以删除路径中的冗余拐点,使用均匀B样条曲线得到平滑的规划路径。以东海大桥5号、6号风电场水域为例,建立涨潮路径规划场景,运维船舶需通过9个风机以完成运维任务;利用4个指标(路径长度、路径总风险值、遍历节点总数、拐点总数)对规划路径进行评价,以此验证改进A*算法的有效性。仿真结果表明:在涨潮场景中,改进的A*算法规划路径平滑性提升了77.69%,规划路径总风险值降低了52.83%,遍历节点总数降低了30.58%,但改进的A*算法规划路径比传统A*算法规划路径长252.89 m。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
吴兵(1986—),男,研究员,研究方向为智能船舶航行安全、海事安全监管与仿真等。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=kNqa8XADO2/k03C3RMylqg==, magXml=SbImT5I0bY9/nfCBHLxo4Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=wQi+DilbJ42P8fqm0eUMDQ==, pdfFileSize=7365737, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Y/SSlJEpSgUsmerFH81JXw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李珍尧(1998—),女,硕士,研究方向为路径规划。E-mail:

, authorsList=李珍尧, 万祥, 吕洁印, 吴兵)}, authors=[Author(id=1240656102577205418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhenyao.li@whut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1240656102682063024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, authorId=1240656102577205418, language=EN, stringName=Zhenyao LI, firstName=Zhenyao, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, 4, address=1.State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
2.Intelligent Transportation System Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
3.National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
4.School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1240656102791114931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, authorId=1240656102577205418, language=CN, stringName=李珍尧, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, 4, address=1.武汉理工大学 水路交通控制全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430063
2. 武汉理工大学 智能交通系统研究中心,湖北 武汉 430063
3. 武汉理工大学 国家水运安全工程技术研究中心,湖北 武汉 430063
4. 武汉理工大学 交通与物流工程学院,湖北 武汉 430063, bio={"content":"

李珍尧(1998—),女,硕士,研究方向为路径规划。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

李珍尧(1998—),女,硕士,研究方向为路径规划。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240656101977419925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656101985808534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656101977419925, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656101994197143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656101977419925, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.武汉理工大学 水路交通控制全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430063)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240656102078083224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102086471833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102078083224, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Intelligent Transportation System Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102094860442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102078083224, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 武汉理工大学 智能交通系统研究中心,湖北 武汉 430063)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240656102195523739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102203912348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102195523739, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102212300957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102195523739, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. 武汉理工大学 国家水运安全工程技术研究中心,湖北 武汉 430063)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240656102300381343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102312964256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102300381343, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102321352865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102300381343, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. 武汉理工大学 交通与物流工程学院,湖北 武汉 430063)])]), Author(id=1240656102900166839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1240656102988247226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, authorId=1240656102900166839, language=EN, stringName=Xiang WAN, firstName=Xiang, middleName=null, lastName=WAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=5, address=5.Wuhan Second Ship Design Institute, Wuhan 430205, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1240656103084716221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, authorId=1240656102900166839, language=CN, stringName=万祥, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=5, address=5. 武汉第二船舶设计研究所,湖北 武汉 430205, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240656102396850338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102405238948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102396850338, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.Wuhan Second Ship Design Institute, Wuhan 430205, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102409433253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102396850338, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5. 武汉第二船舶设计研究所,湖北 武汉 430205)])]), Author(id=1240656103164408000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1240656103269265603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, authorId=1240656103164408000, language=EN, stringName=Jieyin LYU, firstName=Jieyin, middleName=null, lastName=LYU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=6, address=6.CIMC Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1240656103374123208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, authorId=1240656103164408000, language=CN, stringName=吕洁印, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=6, address=6. 深圳中集智能科技有限公司,广东 深圳 518057, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240656102489125031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, xref=6., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102497513639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102489125031, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6.CIMC Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102501707945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102489125031, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6. 深圳中集智能科技有限公司,广东 深圳 518057)])]), Author(id=1240656103453814990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=bing.wu@whut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1240656103571255508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, authorId=1240656103453814990, language=EN, stringName=Bing WU, firstName=Bing, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1.State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
2.Intelligent Transportation System Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
3.National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1240656103676113112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, authorId=1240656103453814990, language=CN, stringName=吴兵, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1.武汉理工大学 水路交通控制全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430063
2. 武汉理工大学 智能交通系统研究中心,湖北 武汉 430063
3. 武汉理工大学 国家水运安全工程技术研究中心,湖北 武汉 430063, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240656101977419925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656101985808534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656101977419925, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656101994197143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656101977419925, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.武汉理工大学 水路交通控制全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430063)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240656102078083224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102086471833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102078083224, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Intelligent Transportation System Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102094860442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102078083224, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 武汉理工大学 智能交通系统研究中心,湖北 武汉 430063)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240656102195523739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102203912348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102195523739, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102212300957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102195523739, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. 武汉理工大学 国家水运安全工程技术研究中心,湖北 武汉 430063)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1240656103801942240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=traffic safety), Keyword(id=1240656103885828324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=offshore wind farms), Keyword(id=1240656103969714407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=path planning), Keyword(id=1240656104183623915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=A* algorithm), Keyword(id=1240656104330424559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=operation and maintenance ships), Keyword(id=1240656104410116340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=交通安全), Keyword(id=1240656105915871486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=海上风电场), Keyword(id=1240656106003951873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=路径规划), Keyword(id=1240656106092032263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=A*算法), Keyword(id=1240656106175918352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=运维船舶)], refs=null, funds=[Fund(id=1240656106284970260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, awardId=2023YFB4301802, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4301802), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240656106347884825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, awardId=52272422, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52272422), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240656106461131043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, awardId=2024CSA093, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省科技厅项目(2024CSA093), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240656101977419925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656101985808534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656101977419925, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656101994197143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656101977419925, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.武汉理工大学 水路交通控制全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430063)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240656102078083224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102086471833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102078083224, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Intelligent Transportation System Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102094860442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102078083224, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 武汉理工大学 智能交通系统研究中心,湖北 武汉 430063)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240656102195523739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102203912348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102195523739, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102212300957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102195523739, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. 武汉理工大学 国家水运安全工程技术研究中心,湖北 武汉 430063)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240656102300381343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102312964256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102300381343, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102321352865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102300381343, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. 武汉理工大学 交通与物流工程学院,湖北 武汉 430063)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240656102396850338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102405238948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102396850338, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.Wuhan Second Ship Design Institute, Wuhan 430205, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102409433253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102396850338, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5. 武汉第二船舶设计研究所,湖北 武汉 430205)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240656102489125031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, xref=6., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102497513639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102489125031, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6.CIMC Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240656102501707945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240618002186551303, articleId=1240656101012730001, companyId=1240656102489125031, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6. 深圳中集智能科技有限公司,广东 深圳 518057)])], figs=null, attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1240617866001694726, delFlag=0, nameCn=中国航海, nameEn=Navigation of China, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-4653, eissn=null, cn=10-1741/U, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=noZCpe+7WzqFjMsPMw3Ylg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Navigation of China, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1773715948823, updatedTime=1773716241174, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=N, firstLetterEn=N, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=noZCpe+7WzqFjMsPMw3Ylg==, picEn=h3SZYo8W+nhAJz8ZlQjXpw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1240619092323922506, language=CN, name=中国航海, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773716241198, updatedTime=1773716241198, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://hhxhbjb.cinnet.cn/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=http://hhxhbjb.cinnet.cn/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=http://hhxhbjb.cinnet.cn/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1240619092365865547, language=EN, name=Navigation of China, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773716241208, updatedTime=1773716241208, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://hhxhbjb.cinnet.cn/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=http://hhxhbjb.cinnet.cn/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=http://hhxhbjb.cinnet.cn/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1240618002186551303, websiteList=[Website(id=1240619203443618380, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1240618002186551303, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghh/CN, language=CN, createTime=1773716267691, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773716289156, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国航海-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=中国航海, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1240620222206505565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203443618380, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773716510583, updateTime=1773716510583, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620222185534042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203443618380, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773716510578, updateTime=1773716510578, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620222223282784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203443618380, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773716510587, updateTime=1773716510587, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620222177145433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203443618380, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghh/CN/file/pic?fileId=KvlDOS/lCoEQEn0ia9k/vw==, createTime=1773716510576, updateTime=1773716510576, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620222244254306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203443618380, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773716510592, updateTime=1773716510592, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620222198116956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203443618380, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghh/CN/file/pic, createTime=1773716510581, updateTime=1773716510581, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620222235865697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203443618380, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773716510590, updateTime=1773716510590, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620222189728347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203443618380, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1773716510579, updateTime=1773716510579, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620222210699870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203443618380, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773716510584, updateTime=1773716510584, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620222219088479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203443618380, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773716510586, updateTime=1773716510586, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1240619203519115854, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1240618002186551303, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghh/EN, language=EN, createTime=1773716267709, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773716307444, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国航海-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Navigation of China, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1240620320386765737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203519115854, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773716533991, updateTime=1773716533991, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620320361599910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203519115854, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773716533985, updateTime=1773716533985, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620320411931564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203519115854, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773716533997, updateTime=1773716533997, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620320353211301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203519115854, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghh/EN/file/pic?fileId=KvlDOS/lCoEQEn0ia9k/vw==, createTime=1773716533983, updateTime=1773716533983, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620320424514478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203519115854, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773716534000, updateTime=1773716534000, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620320378377128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203519115854, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghh/EN/file/pic, createTime=1773716533989, updateTime=1773716533989, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620320420320173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203519115854, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773716533999, updateTime=1773716533999, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620320369988519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203519115854, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1773716533987, updateTime=1773716533987, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620320395154346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203519115854, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773716533993, updateTime=1773716533993, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240620320403542955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240619203519115854, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773716533995, updateTime=1773716533995, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=中国航海, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://zghh.cinnet.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Navigation of China, journalPhotoCn=noZCpe+7WzqFjMsPMw3Ylg==, journalPhotoEn=h3SZYo8W+nhAJz8ZlQjXpw==, journalFirstLetter=N, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghh/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-4653.2025.01.017, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghh/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-4653.2025.01.017, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghh/CN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.1000-4653.2025.01.017, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghh/EN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.1000-4653.2025.01.017, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于改进A*算法的海上风电场运维船舶路径规划
收藏切换
PDF下载
李珍尧 1, 2, 3, 4 , 万祥 5 , 吕洁印 6 , 吴兵 1, 2, 3
中国航海 | 智能航运 2025,48(1): 132-140
收起
收藏切换
中国航海 | 智能航运 2025, 48(1): 132-140
基于改进A*算法的海上风电场运维船舶路径规划
全屏
李珍尧1, 2, 3, 4 , 万祥5, 吕洁印6, 吴兵1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.武汉理工大学 水路交通控制全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430063
  • 2. 武汉理工大学 智能交通系统研究中心,湖北 武汉 430063
  • 3. 武汉理工大学 国家水运安全工程技术研究中心,湖北 武汉 430063
  • 4. 武汉理工大学 交通与物流工程学院,湖北 武汉 430063
  • 5. 武汉第二船舶设计研究所,湖北 武汉 430205
  • 6. 深圳中集智能科技有限公司,广东 深圳 518057
  • 李珍尧(1998—),女,硕士,研究方向为路径规划。E-mail:

通讯作者:

吴兵(1986—),男,研究员,研究方向为智能船舶航行安全、海事安全监管与仿真等。E-mail:
Ship path planning in offshore wind farm waters based on improved A* algorithm
Zhenyao LI1, 2, 3, 4 , Xiang WAN5, Jieyin LYU6, Bing WU1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
  • 2.Intelligent Transportation System Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
  • 3.National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
  • 4.School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
  • 5.Wuhan Second Ship Design Institute, Wuhan 430205, China
  • 6.CIMC Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4653.2025.01.017
文章导航
收藏切换

针对传统A*算法应用于海上风电场运维船舶路径规划时未考虑动态障碍物、水流和穿越航道等因素的问题,提出考虑航行风险、航向角约束和路径平滑的路径规划方法。在使用栅格法构建海上风电场水域环境地图的基础上,引入权重系数改变估计代价值在A*算法总代价函数中的比例,达到平衡启发式信息强度和缩短寻路时间的目的,并通过考虑含水流的障碍物风险改进A*算法的实际代价函数,提升规划路径安全性。同时在A*算法中考虑航向角约束以减少遍历节点总数,将八邻域搜索设定为符合路径走向的3个相邻节点,提取各拐点并进行通视性检查以删除路径中的冗余拐点,使用均匀B样条曲线得到平滑的规划路径。以东海大桥5号、6号风电场水域为例,建立涨潮路径规划场景,运维船舶需通过9个风机以完成运维任务;利用4个指标(路径长度、路径总风险值、遍历节点总数、拐点总数)对规划路径进行评价,以此验证改进A*算法的有效性。仿真结果表明:在涨潮场景中,改进的A*算法规划路径平滑性提升了77.69%,规划路径总风险值降低了52.83%,遍历节点总数降低了30.58%,但改进的A*算法规划路径比传统A*算法规划路径长252.89 m。

交通安全  /  海上风电场  /  路径规划  /  A*算法  /  运维船舶

The traditional A* algorithm applied to the path planning of offshore wind farm operation and maintenance ships has not yet taken into account the dynamic obstacles, water currents, and crossing navigation channels, therefore, this paper proposes a path planning method that considers navigational risks, heading angle constraints, and path smoothing. On the basis of constructing the map of offshore wind farm water environment by raster method, weight coefficients are introduced to change the proportion of estimated surrogate value in the total cost function of the A* algorithm to achieve the purpose of balancing the strength of heuristic information and shortening the pathfinding time, and the risk of obstacles containing water currents is taken into account in order to improve the actual cost function of the A* algorithm and enhance the security of the planned paths. Meanwhile, the heading angle constraint is considered in the A* algorithm to reduce the total number of traversal nodes, the eight-neighborhood search is constrained to three neighboring nodes conforming to the path direction, the inflection points are extracted and visibility check is performed to remove the redundant inflection points in the path, and the smooth planning path is obtained using a uniform B-spline curve. Taking the Donghai Bridge No.5 and No.6 wind farm waters as an example, a high tide path planning scenario is established, and the operation and maintenance ship needs to pass through 9 wind turbines in order to complete the operation and maintenance tasks; 4 indexes (path length, total risk value of the path, total number of traversed nodes, and total number of inflection points) are utilized for evaluating the planning path, so as to validate the effectiveness of the improved A* algorithm. The simulation results show that in the high tide scenario, the planning path smoothness of the improved A* algorithm is improved by 77.69%, the total risk value of the planning path is reduced by 52.83%, and the total number of traversal nodes is reduced by 30.58%, but the planning path length of the improved A* algorithm is 252.89 m longer than that of the traditional A* algorithm.

traffic safety  /  offshore wind farms  /  path planning  /  A* algorithm  /  operation and maintenance ships
李珍尧, 万祥, 吕洁印, 吴兵. 基于改进A*算法的海上风电场运维船舶路径规划. 中国航海, 2025 , 48 (1) : 132 -140 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4653.2025.01.017
Zhenyao LI, Xiang WAN, Jieyin LYU, Bing WU. Ship path planning in offshore wind farm waters based on improved A* algorithm[J]. Navigation of China, 2025 , 48 (1) : 132 -140 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4653.2025.01.017
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4301802)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52272422)
  • 湖北省科技厅项目(2024CSA093)
2025年第48卷第1期
PDF下载
53
15
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4653.2025.01.017
  • 接收时间:2023-11-04
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-04
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4301802)
国家自然科学基金项目(52272422)
湖北省科技厅项目(2024CSA093)
作者信息
    1.武汉理工大学 水路交通控制全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430063
    2. 武汉理工大学 智能交通系统研究中心,湖北 武汉 430063
    3. 武汉理工大学 国家水运安全工程技术研究中心,湖北 武汉 430063
    4. 武汉理工大学 交通与物流工程学院,湖北 武汉 430063
    5. 武汉第二船舶设计研究所,湖北 武汉 430205
    6. 深圳中集智能科技有限公司,广东 深圳 518057

通讯作者:

吴兵(1986—),男,研究员,研究方向为智能船舶航行安全、海事安全监管与仿真等。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghh/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-4653.2025.01.017
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏