Article(id=1207658080981066590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116883411038211, issueId=1207658076900008717, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.15999/j.cnki.311926.2025.02.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=1, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765857723708, onlineDateStr=2025-12-16, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765857723708, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765857723708, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770203247841, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207658076900008717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116883411038211, year='2025', volume='23', issue='2', pageStart='189', pageEnd='376', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765857722735, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765862348176, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207677477451833566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116883411038211, issueId=1207658076900008717, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207677477451833567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116883411038211, issueId=1207658076900008717, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=189, endPage=193, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207658081790567314, articleId=1207658080981066590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116883411038211, language=EN, title=Velocity coordinated control of spiral material placer based on trajectory tracking, columnId=1207658078414148297, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery, columnName=Basic Theory and Key Technique, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To achieve coordinated control of multi-speed operation in the spiral concrete batching machine, this paper proposes a trajectory tracking-based coordinated control method. By analyzing the working process of the spiral concrete batching machine, the coordinated relationship between lateral movement and concrete conveying rate is investigated, and a two-degree-of-freedom kinematic model for the batching machine is established. The error model for the trajectory tracking system of the batching machine is developed and discretized to meet the requirements of computer numerical calculation and real-time control. Based on model predictive control theory, a prediction equation for the trajectory tracking system is established. The objective function for the batching machine trajectory tracking is formulated, and the optimal control strategy is derived. Simulation results demonstrate that the trajectory tracking-based control method effectively achieves coordinated control of multi-speed operation in the spiral concrete batching machine.

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为实现螺旋式混凝土布料机多速度的协同控制,提出一种基于轨迹跟踪的螺旋式布料机速度协同控制方法。通过分析螺旋式布料机的工作过程,研究螺旋式布料机横向移动和混凝土输送量的协同关系,并建立布料机的二自由度运动学模型。构建布料机工作轨迹跟踪系统的误差模型,并对其进行离散化处理以满足计算机数值计算和实时控制的需要。基于模型预测控制理论建立了轨迹跟踪系统的预测方程;建立了布料机轨迹跟踪的目标函数,并求解出满足布料机各种约束下的最优控制策略。实例仿真表明:基于轨迹跟踪的控制方法能够有效地实现螺旋式布料机多速度的协同控制。

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郭政虎(1996—),男,硕士。E-mail:
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蔡安江(1965—),男,教授,硕士。E-mail:

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蔡安江(1965—),男,教授,硕士。E-mail:

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基于轨迹跟踪的螺旋式布料机速度协同控制
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蔡安江 1 , 郭政虎 1 , 张渊博 1 , 武佳欣 1 , 赵漫漫 2
中国工程机械学报 | 基础理论与关键技术 2025,23(2): 189-193
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中国工程机械学报 | 基础理论与关键技术 2025, 23(2): 189-193
基于轨迹跟踪的螺旋式布料机速度协同控制
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蔡安江1 , 郭政虎1 , 张渊博1, 武佳欣1, 赵漫漫2
作者信息
  • 1.西安建筑科技大学 机电工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
  • 2.无锡机电高等职业技术学校 自动工程系,江苏 无锡 214028
  • 蔡安江(1965—),男,教授,硕士。E-mail:

通讯作者:

郭政虎(1996—),男,硕士。E-mail:
Velocity coordinated control of spiral material placer based on trajectory tracking
Anjiang CAI1 , Zhenghu GUO1 , Yuanbo ZHANG1, Jiaxin WU1, Manman ZHAO2
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
  • 2. Department of Automatic Engineering, Wuxi Mechanical and Electrical Higher Vocational and Technical School, Wuxi 214028, Jiangsu, China
doi: 10.15999/j.cnki.311926.2025.02.013
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为实现螺旋式混凝土布料机多速度的协同控制,提出一种基于轨迹跟踪的螺旋式布料机速度协同控制方法。通过分析螺旋式布料机的工作过程,研究螺旋式布料机横向移动和混凝土输送量的协同关系,并建立布料机的二自由度运动学模型。构建布料机工作轨迹跟踪系统的误差模型,并对其进行离散化处理以满足计算机数值计算和实时控制的需要。基于模型预测控制理论建立了轨迹跟踪系统的预测方程;建立了布料机轨迹跟踪的目标函数,并求解出满足布料机各种约束下的最优控制策略。实例仿真表明:基于轨迹跟踪的控制方法能够有效地实现螺旋式布料机多速度的协同控制。

混凝土预制构件  /  螺旋式布料机  /  轨迹跟踪  /  模型预测控制  /  多速度协同

To achieve coordinated control of multi-speed operation in the spiral concrete batching machine, this paper proposes a trajectory tracking-based coordinated control method. By analyzing the working process of the spiral concrete batching machine, the coordinated relationship between lateral movement and concrete conveying rate is investigated, and a two-degree-of-freedom kinematic model for the batching machine is established. The error model for the trajectory tracking system of the batching machine is developed and discretized to meet the requirements of computer numerical calculation and real-time control. Based on model predictive control theory, a prediction equation for the trajectory tracking system is established. The objective function for the batching machine trajectory tracking is formulated, and the optimal control strategy is derived. Simulation results demonstrate that the trajectory tracking-based control method effectively achieves coordinated control of multi-speed operation in the spiral concrete batching machine.

precast concrete component  /  spiral material placer  /  trajectory tracking  /  model predictive control  /  velocity coordinated control
蔡安江, 郭政虎, 张渊博, 武佳欣, 赵漫漫. 基于轨迹跟踪的螺旋式布料机速度协同控制. 中国工程机械学报, 2025 , 23 (2) : 189 -193 . DOI: 10.15999/j.cnki.311926.2025.02.013
Anjiang CAI, Zhenghu GUO, Yuanbo ZHANG, Jiaxin WU, Manman ZHAO. Velocity coordinated control of spiral material placer based on trajectory tracking[J]. Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery, 2025 , 23 (2) : 189 -193 . DOI: 10.15999/j.cnki.311926.2025.02.013
装配式建筑通过预制化生产和现场的装配式安装,呈现出“高效、经济、环保和可靠”的特点,成为建筑领域的研究热点。螺旋式混凝土布料机作为预制构件生产线的关键设备,起着重要作用[1]。目前,国内混凝土预制构件的生产仍然依靠人工操作螺旋式布料机进行布料,人工布料过程中存在布料路径重复、布料量不足或过多、混凝土浪费等现象,制约着预制混凝土构件自动化生产的发展[2]
螺旋式布料机智能控制的关键在于实现布料机横向移动与混凝土输送的协同控制[3]。为了实现这一目标,本文通过将布料机的布料过程简化为二自由度的运动学模型,并采用轨迹跟踪控制方法[4],对布料机工作过程中的移动速度和落料速度进行实时控制,使布料机沿着目标轨迹进行布料[5]
本文基于螺旋式混凝土布料机的运动学模型,推导了实现布料机2自由度运动的模型预测控制轨迹跟踪控制方法[6-7]。实例仿真结果表明,基于模型预测的轨迹跟踪控制方法能有效地指导螺旋式布料机自动化布料。
螺旋式布料机的三维模型如图1所示。
螺旋式混凝土布料机是混凝土浇筑生产的关键设备,主要由布料机大车、布料机小车、布料机行走导轨和螺旋式出料口等组成,如图1所示。螺旋式布料机的工作过程可以描述为2个关键运动:布料机的横向移动和混凝土的输送。布料机的横向移动指的是布料机沿X轴方向的运动,它决定了混凝土在水平方向上的布料位置;布料机沿着Y轴方向进行混凝土的输送,完成对预制构件的浇筑。这2个运动相互协调,确保混凝土在目标区域内均匀分布。
对螺旋式布料机的浇筑过程进行解耦分析,如图2所示。在一定的浇筑时间内,螺旋式布料机需要同时满足横向位移和混凝土的输送,且这两者都是关于时间的函数。因此,布料机的布料轨迹可以通过布料机的横向位移和混凝土的输送量来表示。
本文所建立的螺旋式布料机运动学模型可为轨迹跟踪控制提供依据,为了对布料机的实际工况进行简化,需要在对其布料过程进行准确描述的基础上进行分析。重点对布料机的单程布料过程进行分析,从中提取关键的参数和特征,构建了一个简化但准确的运动学模型,实现准确的布料轨迹跟踪和控制。
将布料机的位移量用横坐标表示,混凝土输送量用纵坐标表示。螺旋式混凝土布料机单程布料的工作状态可以分为3个阶段:加速阶段、匀速阶段、减速阶段。基于以下假设来建立运动学模型:①布料机在加工过程中,纵向移动不参与落料,仅考虑布料机的单程布料;②布料机的8个出料口都能均匀地出料;③布料机的8个出料口的混凝土输送量都符合设计的出料速度;④忽略布料机质量变化对速度的影响。
螺旋式布料机的工作过程可以简化为2自由度运动学模型,用来分析布料机在匀速阶段和变速阶段的运动,如图3所示。在匀速阶段,布料机的横向移动速度和混凝土落料速度保持恒定,因此该阶段的运动模型表现为直线模型。在变速阶段,布料机的横向移动速度和混凝土速度都在变化,因此该阶段的运动模型表现为圆弧模型。通过对布料机布料过程的运动学模型分析可以获得如下运动关系式:
假设在t时刻,布料机运动学模型是一个具有系统输入为[vtωt]和状态变量ξkout为[xtytφ]的控制系统。布料机的布料过程运动可定义为如下方程:
螺旋式布料机模型预测控制的原理如图4所示。在螺旋式布料机的工作过程中,首先选择轨迹预瞄点,并规划一条从预瞄点到布料机的虚拟轨迹。然后,布料机沿着虚拟轨迹行驶。其中期望轨迹由一系列离散的轨迹点构成。这些轨迹点是根据预制构件的设计图纸和加工工艺得出的几何曲线f(xr(t))离散化得来的,曲线方程是关于t的隐函数。图中,Xe为预瞄距离,Op为在目标路径上选取的预瞄点,v为布料机的复合速度。在全局坐标系中,(XcYc)为车辆坐标,(XpYp)为预瞄点坐标,ϕc为布料机运动模型在下一时刻的偏转角。
通过对螺旋式布料机的具体分析得到的布料机运动学模型为,该模型输入为[vω],输出为[xtytφ],且本身是非线性的,所以在设计模型轨迹跟踪控制器之前,需要对其进行线性化处理。通过将方程的右边fkin(ξkinukin)在任意点(ξrur)进行泰勒级数展开,只保留一次项,得到线性时变的运动学模型。
用式(4)减去参考轨迹,可以得到跟踪误差系统:
式中:
由于连续方程不能直接用于模型预测控制,需要对其进行离散化处理,可得如下模型:
式中:k为离散采样时间点。
将布料机的非线性运动学模型使用线性化方法得到离散线性时变状态方程:
其中,各矩阵和状态变量为
式中:T为采样时间。
螺旋式布料机的模型预测控制是根据当前时刻t的状态测量值和控制量测量值,结合预测模型对布料机的下一个时域[kk+Np]的输出进行预测,实现实时修正实时优化的目的。布料机轨迹跟踪的预测方程建立步骤如下,先将式(7)进行转换:
由此可以得到一个新的状态空间表达式:
式中:
根据模型预测控制的基本理念,设Np为预测时域,Nc为控制时域,则k时刻系统输出为
k时刻系统输入为
依据模型预测控制原理的基本相关理论,可以得到模型预测控制系统未来k时刻预测方程。
式中:
为了保证螺旋式布料机控制的准确性和稳定性,需要对布料机控制系统状态量和控制量进行优化。根据控制过程中路径和速度的误差最小化的原则,设定目标函数为
式中:反映系统对参考轨迹的跟随能力;反映对控制量平稳变化的要求。
本文以某8开口的螺旋式混凝土布料机为研究对象,结合某预制外墙挂板模板图[8],在Matlab软件中对布料机单程布料过程进行仿真。混凝土预制构件外墙挂板如图5所示,主要参数为:层高H=4 m,浇筑高度h1=1 m,浇筑高度h2=2 m,浇筑高度h3=1 m,板宽B=6.2 m,浇筑宽度b1=b2=b3=0.6 m,ω=2.2 m,结构层厚度为0.2 m。布料机的工作参数为:布料机单程移动速度为0~30 m/min,出料口宽0.2 m,相邻出料口的距离0.025 m,最大布料宽度1.8 m,出料速度为0.5~1.5 m3/min。
螺旋式布料机的8个出料口的出料速度独立控制,所有出料口随布料机一起移动。为保证布料作业过程中布料时间t最短,取中间出料口的出料速度vy中间和边缘出料口的出料速度vy边缘中的较小者为最大出料速度v2max进行布料作业;若此工况下布料量过多,取移动速度vx为最大移动速度vxmax,通过调整出料口的出料速度来控制布料量。根据上述原则可以计算布料机单程布料过程中各出料口的大车移动速度vx和落料速度vy。布料机单程布料过程中第5到第8出料口的大车移动速度和出料速度的变化波动最大,因此对第5~8出料口的布料轨迹进行仿真,如图6所示。
对螺旋式布料机的第5~8出料口的布料轨迹跟踪控制仿真如图7所示。目标轨迹由某预制外墙板的设计图纸和加工工艺计算得出,仿真轨迹由本文提出的控制方法计算得出。
由仿真结果可以看出,布料机的实际布料轨迹能较好地跟踪参考轨迹。说明基于模型预测的轨迹跟踪控制能够实现螺旋式布料机准确跟踪期望轨迹的功能。
本文通过对螺旋式混凝土布料机的工作特性分析,将布料机的浇筑过程在坐标系上进行了表征,用X轴表示布料机的移动量,用Y轴表示混凝土的输送量。在此基础上,建立了布料机简化的2自由度运动学模型。将螺旋式布料机的自动浇筑转化为轨迹跟踪的问题。基于模型预测控制理论,结合螺旋式布料机简化的2自由度运动学模型,建立了模型预测控制器的误差模型,实现了对布料机浇筑过程的控制并对其进行分析。通过模型控制器的预测方程实现对布料轨迹下一时刻状态的预测。建立并求解模型控制器的目标函数,实现了对布料机期望轨迹的跟踪。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效地实现螺旋式布料机的轨迹跟踪,提高了预制构件的生产效率。
  • 教育部中国高校产学研创新基金资助项目(2021DZ022)
  • 陕西省秦创原“科学家+工程师”队伍建设资助项目(2023KXJ-247)
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doi: 10.15999/j.cnki.311926.2025.02.013
  • 首发时间:2025-12-16
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教育部中国高校产学研创新基金资助项目(2021DZ022)
陕西省秦创原“科学家+工程师”队伍建设资助项目(2023KXJ-247)
作者信息
    1.西安建筑科技大学 机电工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
    2.无锡机电高等职业技术学校 自动工程系,江苏 无锡 214028

通讯作者:

郭政虎(1996—),男,硕士。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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