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In order to monitor the thermal expansion, dynamic effects and vibration of pipelines during thermal function tests in nuclear power plants, displacement sensors need to be installed on high-energy pipes and equipment. The sensor bracket is the most critical structure and bearing unit of the monitoring system, and the feasibility study has always been a hot issue. The temporary support designed and made of C-shaped steel (that is, the domestic alternative product of the famous American pipeline system support brand unistrut steel) is not only structurally firm, but also the support rooting method will not damage the infrastructure of the plant. The mechanical characteristics and functional principles of the temporary support are studied by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, and the maximum deflection of the support rod under the tensile (compressive) working load and the failure conditions of the support are analyzed. The critical condition and the limit value of the bearing capacity of the temporary support reaching the steady state are obtained, and the above theory combined with numerical simulation is applied to engineering practice.

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核电站热态功能试验期间,为了能够监测管道热膨胀、动态效应及振动,需要在高能管道及设备上安装位移传感器。传感器支架是监测系统最为关键的结构和承载单元,其可行性研究一直是热点问题。用C型钢(即美国著名管道系统支撑品牌unistrut型钢的国内替代产品)设计制作的临时支撑,不仅结构牢固,而且支撑生根方式不会破坏厂房的基础结构。采用理论分析、数值模拟的方法研究临时支撑的力学特性和功能原理,分析支撑杆在受拉(压)工作载荷下产生的最大挠度和支撑的失效条件。得到了临时支撑达到稳定状态的临界条件和支撑承载能力极限值,并将上述理论结合数值模拟应用于工程实践。

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章济(1988—),男,高级工程师。E-mail:

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章济(1988—),男,高级工程师。E-mail:

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章济(1988—),男,高级工程师。E-mail:

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C型钢规格:S2535H,材质:SS400(代替unistrut P3000HG)
计算项目计算内容计算结果
截面的宽度、高度、截面面积b=41.27 mm,h=3.5 mm,As=322.58 mm2
最小截面惯性矩、最小抗弯矩Is=49 947.77 mm4Ws=2 621.93 mm3
截面自重(均布载荷qq=2 kg/m
假设悬臂梁最大允许长度Ls=1.5 m
传感器自重Wm=0.909 kg×9.88.91 N
钢丝绳的张力T=3.5 N±20%T=4 N
剪力FsFs=W+T=8.91+4Fs=12.91 N
总重(生根梁、支撑臂)Wtotal=2 q•Ls+ FsWtotal=43.24 N
3 048 mm简支梁允许载荷L=1.2 kN
比较总重和允许载荷43.24 N<1.2 kNWtotal < L
结论:CHUANGBUILD S2535H是可以接受的。
拉线的最大张力载荷F=T=4 N
钢的弹性模量(查资料)Elastic ModulusEs=2.06×105 MPa
支架最大挠度Wmax=-0.46 mm
结论:最大挠度满足小于1.587 5 mm的要求
), ArticleFig(id=1207748672977216082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116883411038211, articleId=1207658080398054126, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

计算结果汇总表

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C型钢规格:S2535H,材质:SS400(代替unistrut P3000HG)
计算项目计算内容计算结果
截面的宽度、高度、截面面积b=41.27 mm,h=3.5 mm,As=322.58 mm2
最小截面惯性矩、最小抗弯矩Is=49 947.77 mm4Ws=2 621.93 mm3
截面自重(均布载荷qq=2 kg/m
假设悬臂梁最大允许长度Ls=1.5 m
传感器自重Wm=0.909 kg×9.88.91 N
钢丝绳的张力T=3.5 N±20%T=4 N
剪力FsFs=W+T=8.91+4Fs=12.91 N
总重(生根梁、支撑臂)Wtotal=2 q•Ls+ FsWtotal=43.24 N
3 048 mm简支梁允许载荷L=1.2 kN
比较总重和允许载荷43.24 N<1.2 kNWtotal < L
结论:CHUANGBUILD S2535H是可以接受的。
拉线的最大张力载荷F=T=4 N
钢的弹性模量(查资料)Elastic ModulusEs=2.06×105 MPa
支架最大挠度Wmax=-0.46 mm
结论:最大挠度满足小于1.587 5 mm的要求
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核电站热试用位移传感器支架可行性研究
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中国工程机械学报 | 设计制造与质量控制 2025,23(2): 315-317
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中国工程机械学报 | 设计制造与质量控制 2025, 23(2): 315-317
核电站热试用位移传感器支架可行性研究
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章济
作者信息
  • 国核电站运行服务技术有限公司,上海 200233
  • 章济(1988—),男,高级工程师。E-mail:

Feasibility study of displacement sensor bracket in thermal function test for nuclear power plant
Ji ZHANG
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  • State Nuclear Power Plant Severice Company, Shanghai 200233, China
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核电站热态功能试验期间,为了能够监测管道热膨胀、动态效应及振动,需要在高能管道及设备上安装位移传感器。传感器支架是监测系统最为关键的结构和承载单元,其可行性研究一直是热点问题。用C型钢(即美国著名管道系统支撑品牌unistrut型钢的国内替代产品)设计制作的临时支撑,不仅结构牢固,而且支撑生根方式不会破坏厂房的基础结构。采用理论分析、数值模拟的方法研究临时支撑的力学特性和功能原理,分析支撑杆在受拉(压)工作载荷下产生的最大挠度和支撑的失效条件。得到了临时支撑达到稳定状态的临界条件和支撑承载能力极限值,并将上述理论结合数值模拟应用于工程实践。

临时支架  /  C型钢  /  挠度  /  正应力  /  许用载荷

In order to monitor the thermal expansion, dynamic effects and vibration of pipelines during thermal function tests in nuclear power plants, displacement sensors need to be installed on high-energy pipes and equipment. The sensor bracket is the most critical structure and bearing unit of the monitoring system, and the feasibility study has always been a hot issue. The temporary support designed and made of C-shaped steel (that is, the domestic alternative product of the famous American pipeline system support brand unistrut steel) is not only structurally firm, but also the support rooting method will not damage the infrastructure of the plant. The mechanical characteristics and functional principles of the temporary support are studied by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, and the maximum deflection of the support rod under the tensile (compressive) working load and the failure conditions of the support are analyzed. The critical condition and the limit value of the bearing capacity of the temporary support reaching the steady state are obtained, and the above theory combined with numerical simulation is applied to engineering practice.

instrument support  /  C sharp steel  /  deflection  /  normal stress  /  allowable load
章济. 核电站热试用位移传感器支架可行性研究. 中国工程机械学报, 2025 , 23 (2) : 315 -317 .
Ji ZHANG. Feasibility study of displacement sensor bracket in thermal function test for nuclear power plant[J]. Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery, 2025 , 23 (2) : 315 -317 .
核电站管道热位移试验,对安全运行具有极其重要的作用。该数据被用于分析管道的运动情况,帮助提高安全性能。试验的测点覆盖核电站五大功能系统,大约有200个测点位置。小小的支架也能决定着试验的成败,因此需要为该试验设计稳定、可靠的专用支架。
核电站的电气支撑采用美国著名品牌unistrut型钢及配件,因其通用性和灵活性而提供了一种快速的安装方案。该产品的原材料为碳钢或不锈钢,最低屈服强度为227.53 MPa,符合ASTM A1008标准。在国内用Q235碳钢代替,即CHUANGBUILD型钢(以下简称C型钢),其力学性能也非常接近。因此,国内某钢厂生产的C型钢将作为支架的主要材料。
管道热位移支架力学性能试验的目的:对用于该试验的几种不同的支架进行研究,评定其最大挠度是否小于1.58 mm,是否具有承载能力等内容。
第1种以磁铁吸附在钢制墙壁上为例,进行受力分析。悬臂梁剪应力模型如图1所示。
第2种以焊接为生根方式的支架,在已有的方钢上焊接C型钢作为生根梁,如图2所示。在C型钢的侧面与方钢交汇处现场焊接,是磁铁吸附的替代方案,而且焊接相比磁铁吸附更加牢固。焊接方式为现场焊接,4.76 mm角焊缝。
基本假设与力学模型如下:
将支撑臂简化为悬臂梁,假设长度为1.5 m,不发生变形。计算悬臂梁工作载荷下的总重量,用C型钢最大允许载荷来验证。建立挠度与荷载、悬臂梁长度之间的函数关系为
式中:Wmax为最大挠度;F为荷载;L为悬臂梁长度;Es为弹性模量;Is为截面惯性矩。
本试验用的传感器是美国CELESCO品牌的PT101拉线式位移传感器[1],满量程为254 mm,精度0.15%。试验前将它装在底板上,拉线端与绕管道一周的钢丝绳相连。传感器信号传输到基于NI采集板卡开发的数据采集系统上(data acquisition,DAQ)。为了使管道有±127 mm的膨胀裕量,试验前传感器拉线被拉出127 mm的长度,初始状态下DAQ的读数值不为0。如图3所示。
打开数据采集系统,从DAQ中读出此时的位移值a。将传感器拉线拉出一个标准203.2 mm量块的长度,记录拉线拉伸的距离c,以及记录下DAQ显示的位移值b。传感器拉线松开,回缩到初始位置,记录下DAQ显示的位移值e。验证方法如下:
(1)由记录的DAQ显示值决定的拉线位移量,计算d =|[c – (ba)c]| ×100%,并确认d ≤5%。
(2)初始记录的位移值和最终记录的位移值之间的显著差距,计算f = ||e-a,f ≤1 mm或者是已知量块长度的0.01,取其中较小值。
采用上述“原位校验法”[2]来验证误差。抽取几个不同生根方式的支架按上述步骤进行验证,整理出结果,如图4所示。
图4可知,所有抽取的测点,拉线端的挠度在允许的测量误差范围内,因此该支架可以使用。
根据不同测点的支架,找出它们的共性特点。即组成支架必不可少的有3个部分:生根梁、支撑臂、活动底板。两个C型钢焊成T型作为生根梁。支撑臂(也叫悬臂梁),采用C型支撑或双C型支撑,长度小于1.5 m。如果需要1.5 m长度的支撑臂,则必须用双C型钢,再焊接斜撑来增加稳定性。生根梁和支撑臂的自由度必须被完全约束,避免出现L型支撑,如图5(a)所示。该支撑悬臂梁的自由度没有被完全约束,而且对生根梁的柱载荷是不断变化的,抗扭刚度小。这种情况考虑门型架代替方案,门型架[3-5]结构是永久支撑典型案例,如图5(b)所示。
该永久支架常被用来固定流体管道的永久监测仪表,在现场使用上与临时支撑有很大区别。该支架以结构稳定、距离可调节、测量精度高著称。它的缺点是需要焊接,有可能破坏厂房的固有结构。安装使用时需要厂房临时变更评估和授权,而且安装复杂,工期长,成本高。因此不能用于管道热位移试验这样的非永久仪表。
(1)4.76 mm角焊缝,碳钢焊条,现场焊接的临时支撑是可行的。
(2)根据许用载荷的计算公式Fweld=[σ]•A([σ]表示材料的许用应力)可知[4],增加焊缝的面积可以增加焊缝的应力强度。对于4.76 mm角焊缝而言,焊缝的长度大于35 mm即可,现场焊接的焊缝应尽可能长。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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