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During the operation of an air cushion belt conveyor, factors such as fan air volume, number of air holes, and film thickness have a significant impact on the flow field characteristics and bearing capacity of the air cushion. By establishing a simulation model for the air cushion flow field, analyze the changes in air cushion pressure under different working conditions. Based on experimental comparison and analysis, the variation law of air cushion pressure under different air volume and number of air holes, as well as the variation of air film thickness and air film pressure under different air volume were analyzed. The results show that as the air volume increases, the film pressure gradually increases, and the film thickness changes from 5% to 30%. As the number of pores increases, the pressure gradient of the air cushion changes faster and exhibits a parabolic distribution, and the degree of change in air film thickness decreases. The experimental and simulation results show that the changes in the air cushion flow field are consistent, and the fan air volume is 15-20 m3/m, the optimal value K1 for the stability of the air cushion flow field is 1.31, and the optimal working condition is 5 exhaust holes, which meets the requirements of actual operating conditions.

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气垫带式输送机运行过程中风机风量、气孔排数、气膜厚度等因素对气垫流场特性、气垫承载能力有十分重要的影响。通过建立气垫流场仿真模型,分析不同工况下气垫压力的变化规律。结合实验对比分析不同风量、气孔排数下气垫压力变化规律以及不同风量下气膜厚度与气膜压力的变化情况。结果表明:随着风量的增加,气膜压力逐渐增大,气膜厚度变化范围为5%~30%。随着气孔排数的增加,气垫压力梯度变化越快且呈抛物线分布,气膜厚度变化程度降低。试验和仿真结果得出气垫流场变化一致,风机风量为15~20 m3/m时,气垫流场稳定性最优值K1为1.31,5排气孔为最优工况,满足实际运行工况要求。

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孟文俊(1963—),男,教授,博士。E-mail:

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孟文俊(1963—),男,教授,博士。E-mail:

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孟文俊(1963—),男,教授,博士。E-mail:

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Simulation conditions for air cushion flow field characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况气孔排布风机风量/(m3·m-1入口压力/Pa气膜厚度/mm
11103 9900.3~1.78
23183 7600.5~2.1
3153 3000.4~2.1
3102 5000.3~1.8
35203 2000.5~1.5
5152 8000.5~1.4
5102 4000.4-1.1
47203 0100.9~1.5
7152 6100.8~-1.3
7102 3100.7~1.2
), ArticleFig(id=1207748674726240966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116883411038211, articleId=1207658078556758799, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

气垫流场特性仿真模拟工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况气孔排布风机风量/(m3·m-1入口压力/Pa气膜厚度/mm
11103 9900.3~1.78
23183 7600.5~2.1
3153 3000.4~2.1
3102 5000.3~1.8
35203 2000.5~1.5
5152 8000.5~1.4
5102 4000.4-1.1
47203 0100.9~1.5
7152 6100.8~-1.3
7102 3100.7~1.2
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气垫带式输送机气垫流场特性研究
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孟文俊 1 , 李梦伦 1 , 张骉 1 , 阴璇 1 , 刘彦良 2
中国工程机械学报 | 基础理论与关键技术 2025,23(2): 199-204
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中国工程机械学报 | 基础理论与关键技术 2025, 23(2): 199-204
气垫带式输送机气垫流场特性研究
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孟文俊1 , 李梦伦1, 张骉1, 阴璇1, 刘彦良2
作者信息
  • 1.太原科技大学 机械工程学院,山西 太原 030024
  • 2.华电重工股份有限公司,北京 100071
  • 孟文俊(1963—),男,教授,博士。E-mail:

Research on flow field characteristics of air cushion belt conveyor
Wenjun MENG1 , Menglun LI1, Biao ZHANG1, Xuan YIN1, Yanliang LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Mechatronics Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
  • 2. Huadian Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100071, China
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气垫带式输送机运行过程中风机风量、气孔排数、气膜厚度等因素对气垫流场特性、气垫承载能力有十分重要的影响。通过建立气垫流场仿真模型,分析不同工况下气垫压力的变化规律。结合实验对比分析不同风量、气孔排数下气垫压力变化规律以及不同风量下气膜厚度与气膜压力的变化情况。结果表明:随着风量的增加,气膜压力逐渐增大,气膜厚度变化范围为5%~30%。随着气孔排数的增加,气垫压力梯度变化越快且呈抛物线分布,气膜厚度变化程度降低。试验和仿真结果得出气垫流场变化一致,风机风量为15~20 m3/m时,气垫流场稳定性最优值K1为1.31,5排气孔为最优工况,满足实际运行工况要求。

气垫带式输送机  /  气垫压力  /  压力梯度  /  气膜厚度  /  数值模拟

During the operation of an air cushion belt conveyor, factors such as fan air volume, number of air holes, and film thickness have a significant impact on the flow field characteristics and bearing capacity of the air cushion. By establishing a simulation model for the air cushion flow field, analyze the changes in air cushion pressure under different working conditions. Based on experimental comparison and analysis, the variation law of air cushion pressure under different air volume and number of air holes, as well as the variation of air film thickness and air film pressure under different air volume were analyzed. The results show that as the air volume increases, the film pressure gradually increases, and the film thickness changes from 5% to 30%. As the number of pores increases, the pressure gradient of the air cushion changes faster and exhibits a parabolic distribution, and the degree of change in air film thickness decreases. The experimental and simulation results show that the changes in the air cushion flow field are consistent, and the fan air volume is 15-20 m3/m, the optimal value K1 for the stability of the air cushion flow field is 1.31, and the optimal working condition is 5 exhaust holes, which meets the requirements of actual operating conditions.

air cushion belt conveyor  /  air cushion pressure  /  pressure gradient  /  air film thickness  /  numerical simulation
孟文俊, 李梦伦, 张骉, 阴璇, 刘彦良. 气垫带式输送机气垫流场特性研究. 中国工程机械学报, 2025 , 23 (2) : 199 -204 .
Wenjun MENG, Menglun LI, Biao ZHANG, Xuan YIN, Yanliang LIU. Research on flow field characteristics of air cushion belt conveyor[J]. Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery, 2025 , 23 (2) : 199 -204 .
气垫带式输送机通过风机将风由通风管道传递到气室中,空气再由气室传递到有一定排列规律带孔的盘槽上,在输送带与盘槽之间形成了一定厚度和压力的空气薄膜,由此支撑着输送带和物料向前运动,与传统的托辊传动相比,气垫带式输送机降低了运行过程中输送带和物料间的摩擦阻力。气垫带式输送机结构简单,其截面结构如图1所示。
气垫带式输送机有许多优点,至今仍然是研究的热点。曲永磊等[1]对气垫船复杂的进气系统流场进行数值模拟,得出压气机入口流量对不均匀度的影响规律。Zhong等[2]对平面物体非接触式空气薄膜输送机进行研究,得出气膜压力沿垂直于制动单元气流的方向对称进行分布,并且讨论了气膜厚度、空气流量和孔口长度对空气阻力的影响。Guo等[3]对气垫流场进行分析,得到了优化的膜厚和孔分布。Chen等[4]研究空气静压推力轴承气膜压力场特性,得出气膜压力的增加速率接近外载荷增长速率的规律。田利强等[5]对气膜不均匀展开研究,得出气垫压力与气膜厚度的分布规律。Zhang等[6]对气垫带式输送机的盘槽和形成的气膜上不同直径的气孔进行了数值模拟,通过观察钢丝绳芯的应力和变形,分析了气膜的承载能力。Quan等[7]建立挤压膜空气轴承的结构模型,分析气膜厚度对挤压膜空气轴承承载荷特性的影响。杨春等[8]研究了尺度效应对泵喷推进器间隙流场的影响,得到了涡量场和压力场的流场特性。气孔排数、气膜厚度、风机风量、气膜压力是气垫带式输送机重要参数[9-12]。很多学者通过研究盘槽结构改变气垫流场不均匀的特性,没有从根本上解决引起不均性的问题,而影响气垫流场不均匀性来源于风机进风量的不平稳性和物料的不均匀性导致气垫流场出现波动。合适的进风量与气垫压力不仅能降低风机工作能耗,还能降低输送机启动过程中的运行阻力。本文通过实验和仿真相结合对多排气垫流场分析,针对不同的工况进行优化设计。
气垫带式输送机的气垫压力是输送带与盘槽之间形成的气膜压力,主要有输送带自重产生的压力PB、物料堆积重力产生的气垫压力PM、输送带弯曲产生附加阻力PE。在装有物料气垫输送机的截面气垫压力如图2所示。
气垫压力P公式如下[13]
其中,
式中:GBM为输送带每米重量,N/m;B为输送带宽度,mm;θ2为盘槽位置角,rad;θ1为装载角,rad;α0为相对θ1的动堆积角,rad;EI为输送带横向刚度,N/m;R1为输送带形成圆弧半径,mm;R2为物料形成圆弧半径,mm;γM为物料容量,t/m3
盘槽与输送带之间缝隙流动模型如图3所示。
气体经过气孔做缝隙流动,气膜厚度由中间向两侧逐渐减小,相对于y轴对称,其气垫受力分析与气孔产生的气膜压力相适应,孔口处满足的流体方程为
气孔各个位置的压力为
气膜截面处的压力[6]
式中:P0为气孔入口压力,Pa;P1为盘槽中心气膜压力,Pa;P2为出口处气膜压力,Pa;A为气孔截面积,m2τ为气孔中流动层的剪切应力,N/m2l为气孔的长度,m;γ为流体的重力,N;r1为气孔半径,m;r2为空气膜的半径,m;h1为气孔中心空气薄膜厚度,m;h2为气孔中心空气薄膜厚度,m;hi为某一位置处空气薄膜厚度,m;y1为中心处气膜厚度,m;y2为边缘处气膜厚度,m;y为某一位置气膜厚度,m。
流体力学的计算多采用工程应用当中的Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes方程,包括动量方程、连续性方程;湍流模型采用标准K-ε模型。对流场的边界条件进行设置,即左右两侧为压力出口,气孔为压力入口,前后两侧设置对称边界,上下表面为壁面。时间类型为稳态,求解方法采用SIMPLE[14]图4为气垫流场仿真模型。
为研究不同工况下气垫流场的变化情况,通过改变风机进风量和气孔排布(表1),分析在有限输送量不变的情况下,气垫流场特性变化规律和最优工况。
不同工况下风机风量与气垫压力云图如图5所示。工况1的气垫流场压力云图表现出典型的阶梯型压力云图分布,气孔喷口处是整个压力最高的位置,喷口压力明显高于其他气垫流场位置,压降差大,会形成强动量耗散,向输送带两侧流出。工况1的气孔排布会造成中间气膜厚度大,两侧气膜厚度小,其气垫流场特性较为简单可以作为其他工况对比的基准。工况2与工况4的气孔平均压力分别为2 229.7 Pa和 1 656.6 Pa,由此可知,随着气孔排布的增加,气孔喷口处的压力逐渐减小,气垫压力越靠近两侧梯度变化越快,气垫流场运动变化波动大。工况3相对比工况2,随着气孔排数增加,风量增加,气孔平均压力增加,梯度变化快。工况3相对比工况4,气孔排数减少,风量减少,气孔平均压力降低,压力梯度变化较慢,说明风量主要影响气孔的平均压力,气孔排数主要影响气垫压力梯度的变化,随着气孔排数越多,气垫压力梯度变化越快。
气垫带式输送机在运行过程中普遍存在气膜不均匀的问题,为进一步了解气垫压力变化的规律,将输送带沿带宽方向取一条穿过气孔的曲线作为气膜压力来观察气垫压力变化的规律,同样将工况1作为对比工况研究风量随气膜压力变化情况。
不同工况下风量与气膜压力变化情况如图6所示。由图6可知,工况1气膜压力随风量变化范围大,气孔中心从2 813 Pa增加到3 147 Pa,进一步验证了风量是影响气孔压力的主要因素。整体气膜压力从1 880 Pa增加到2 580 Pa,对比于气孔压力,整体气膜压力波动范围更大,在实际当中,风机进风量不是连续平稳的,这种不平稳性会对整个气垫流场造成振动,影响输送带运行过程中的稳定性和气膜的均匀性。将不同风量、气孔排数进行对比分析,探究其变化规律,以满足气垫带式输送机稳定运行的最优工况。
工况2风量增加,气膜压力增加,气膜压力从2 500 Pa提高到3 100 Pa,气孔流出的风速和压力增加,整体的气膜压力变化不明显,风量继续增加到3 550 Pa,整体的气膜压力有所提高与工况3气膜压力变化相对应;工况1与工况2、工况3对比发现风量影响气孔压力大小和整体气膜压力的极值,气孔排数影响整体气膜压力波动的程度;观察工况4,随着风量变化,气孔压力产生变化,但整体的气膜压力不再变化;同样位于相同风量观察工况2、工况3、工况4气膜压力转折点为气垫压力梯度变化点,随着排数的增加气垫压力梯度向输送带两侧变化加快。
通过上述观察发现,随着气孔排数增加,风量不再是影响气膜压力的因素,这种变化可能与气膜厚度有关。将气膜厚度作为研究对象,探究气膜厚度与气膜压力两者之间的变化情况,选取工况3的气垫流场进行分析。
工况3气膜厚度、气膜压力、风量变化情况如图7所示。风量为20 m3/m中间气孔气膜压力为2 700 Pa,其气膜厚度在相邻两侧上涨26.7%;风量为15 m3/m,中间气孔气膜压力最为2 480 Pa,其气膜厚度在相邻两侧上涨为7.1%。风量从15 m3/m减少到10 m3/m,整体气膜压力没有变化,说明气垫要保持原有气膜承载力不变情况下,气膜厚度的减小同样可提高气膜压力。随着气孔排布的增加,整体气膜压力变化不明显,气膜厚度随着风量变化通过多次实验研究发现气膜厚度的波动为原有气膜的5%~30%。
气垫带式输送机流场的均匀性受多种情况的影响,影响均匀性的最根本原因就是风机运行过程中气流的不稳定性造成的,因此需要建立一个评价气垫流场稳定性的评价指标K1,该比值可表示为
式中:ΔW为风机功率变化量,W;ρ为空气密度,kg/m3V为风速,m/s;S为风机管道截面积,m2
图8为不同工况下K1随风量变化情况,其K1值越小,风机进风量越均匀,气垫流场均匀性越好。可以发现不同工况下对应的最优值分别为2.43、2.82、1.31、2.67,工况3相对于其他工况气垫流场均匀性最好,气垫压力波动更平稳。
采用的试验台参数:气室长度9 m,物料和输送带1.5 t,风机最大功率4 kW,盘槽角40°,盘槽半径1 m,带宽1.8 m,气孔排布共计7排,每排气孔分布半径为2.5、4、5、7、5、4、2.5 mm,气孔各排距为80 mm,单排孔间距为124 mm。
在试验台各个气孔位处布置气膜传感器、U型压力计测量气膜厚度以及气膜压力变化,记录传感器数据并求取平均值进行对比分析。
验证实验与仿真数据对比如图9所示。实验结果与理论计算的平均误差在±1.47%以内,实验结果与仿真结果的平均误差为±1.55%。实验压力曲线与仿真曲线趋势变化相同,可知气膜压力由中间向两侧呈现抛物线分布。
本文采用数值模拟与试验验证相结合的方法,对气垫带式输送机气垫流场进行研究,探究不同风机风量、气孔排数、气室压力、气膜厚度等变量对气垫流场的影响规律,可以得到以下几个结论:① 气膜压力随风机风量增大而增大,单排气孔下气垫流场变化梯度最为明显。随着气孔排布的增加,气垫流场变化逐渐减小。气孔排数不同,对应的气垫流场梯度不同,随着气孔排数的增加,压力梯度变化加快,整体的气垫压力呈现抛物线分布。② 气膜厚度与风量大小有关,随着风量增加,气膜厚度也越大。随着气孔排数增加,整体的气垫压力不再变化,气膜厚度变化程度变小,气膜厚度变化范围在5%~30%。③ 在不同工况的研究中发现,工况3气垫流场均匀程度最好,K1为1.31,因此5排气孔排布方式为最优工况,其风量为15~20 m3/m。研究发现,气膜厚度和气垫压力对带宽为1.8 m、输送量为2 000 t/h的气垫带式输送机更为合适,满足实际运行情况。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52075356)
  • 山西省高等学校科技创新资助项目(2022L295)
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2025年第23卷第2期
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52075356)
山西省高等学校科技创新资助项目(2022L295)
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    1.太原科技大学 机械工程学院,山西 太原 030024
    2.华电重工股份有限公司,北京 100071
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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