Article(id=1207658078212821703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116883411038211, issueId=1207658076900008717, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765857723048, onlineDateStr=2025-12-16, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765857723048, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765857723048, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765857723048, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207658076900008717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116883411038211, year='2025', volume='23', issue='2', pageStart='189', pageEnd='376', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765857722735, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765862348176, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207677477451833566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116883411038211, issueId=1207658076900008717, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207677477451833567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116883411038211, issueId=1207658076900008717, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=194, endPage=198, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207658078510617290, articleId=1207658078212821703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116883411038211, language=EN, title=A review study on the application of knowledge graphs in the field of intelligent manufacturing, columnId=1207658078414148297, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery, columnName=Basic Theory and Key Technique, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To thoroughly explore the extensive applications and prospects of knowledge graphs in the domain of intelligent manufacturing, aiming to support the sustained development of the manufacturing industry, the domain of intelligent manufacturing has been categorized into four dimensions: vertical industry applications, manufacturing process applications, domain graph construction technology, and intelligent services. Through this study, the significance of knowledge graphs in driving the evolution of intelligent manufacturing is reviewed. Furthermore, a framework for an intelligent manufacturing knowledge graph, rooted in manufacturing domain knowledge data, is proposed. This framework encompasses three key modules: manufacturing domain data, graph construction, and intelligent services, providing theoretical support for the continuous upgrading of intelligent manufacturing. Research findings emphasize the crucial role of knowledge graphs in advancing the intelligence of the manufacturing industry and the broad potential of knowledge graphs in the field of intelligent manufacturing. Additionally, an outlook on future research directions for knowledge graphs in the domain of intelligent manufacturing is suggested, with a focus on exploring the integration of domain graphs with next-generation artificial intelligence technologies to propel the continuous innovation and intelligent evolution of manufacturing.

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为了支持制造业智能化发展,探讨知识图谱在智能制造领域的应用及未来研究前景。针对垂直行业应用、制造流程应用、领域图谱构建技术和智能服务这4个维度,对其展开相关文献研究。通过此研究,探讨了知识图谱在推动制造领域智能化方面的重要作用,并提出基于制造领域知识数据的智能制造知识图谱架构。该架构涵盖制造领域数据、图谱构建和智能服务这3个关键模块,为智能制造的持续升级提供了理论支持。研究结果表明:知识图谱在推动制造业智能化方面扮演着关键角色,其在智能制造领域具有广泛的发展前景。此外,对智能制造领域知识图谱的未来研究方向进行展望,探讨制造领域图谱与新一代人工智能技术的融合,以推动其持续创新与智能化发展。

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吴娅楠(1994—),女,博士生。E-mail:
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信春华(1978—),女,教授,博士。E-mail:

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信春华(1978—),女,教授,博士。E-mail:

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智能制造知识图谱应用的综述研究
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信春华 , 吴娅楠 , 王丽璇
中国工程机械学报 | 基础理论与关键技术 2025,23(2): 194-198
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中国工程机械学报 | 基础理论与关键技术 2025, 23(2): 194-198
智能制造知识图谱应用的综述研究
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信春华 , 吴娅楠 , 王丽璇
作者信息
  • 中国矿业大学 管理学院,北京 100083
  • 信春华(1978—),女,教授,博士。E-mail:

通讯作者:

吴娅楠(1994—),女,博士生。E-mail:
A review study on the application of knowledge graphs in the field of intelligent manufacturing
Chunhua XIN , Yanan WU , Lixuan WANG
Affiliations
  • School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
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为了支持制造业智能化发展,探讨知识图谱在智能制造领域的应用及未来研究前景。针对垂直行业应用、制造流程应用、领域图谱构建技术和智能服务这4个维度,对其展开相关文献研究。通过此研究,探讨了知识图谱在推动制造领域智能化方面的重要作用,并提出基于制造领域知识数据的智能制造知识图谱架构。该架构涵盖制造领域数据、图谱构建和智能服务这3个关键模块,为智能制造的持续升级提供了理论支持。研究结果表明:知识图谱在推动制造业智能化方面扮演着关键角色,其在智能制造领域具有广泛的发展前景。此外,对智能制造领域知识图谱的未来研究方向进行展望,探讨制造领域图谱与新一代人工智能技术的融合,以推动其持续创新与智能化发展。

智能制造  /  知识图谱  /  人工智能  /  智能制造知识图谱架构

To thoroughly explore the extensive applications and prospects of knowledge graphs in the domain of intelligent manufacturing, aiming to support the sustained development of the manufacturing industry, the domain of intelligent manufacturing has been categorized into four dimensions: vertical industry applications, manufacturing process applications, domain graph construction technology, and intelligent services. Through this study, the significance of knowledge graphs in driving the evolution of intelligent manufacturing is reviewed. Furthermore, a framework for an intelligent manufacturing knowledge graph, rooted in manufacturing domain knowledge data, is proposed. This framework encompasses three key modules: manufacturing domain data, graph construction, and intelligent services, providing theoretical support for the continuous upgrading of intelligent manufacturing. Research findings emphasize the crucial role of knowledge graphs in advancing the intelligence of the manufacturing industry and the broad potential of knowledge graphs in the field of intelligent manufacturing. Additionally, an outlook on future research directions for knowledge graphs in the domain of intelligent manufacturing is suggested, with a focus on exploring the integration of domain graphs with next-generation artificial intelligence technologies to propel the continuous innovation and intelligent evolution of manufacturing.

intelligent manufacturing  /  knowledge graph  /  artificial intelligence  /  knowledge graph architecture in intelligent manufacturing
信春华, 吴娅楠, 王丽璇. 智能制造知识图谱应用的综述研究. 中国工程机械学报, 2025 , 23 (2) : 194 -198 .
Chunhua XIN, Yanan WU, Lixuan WANG. A review study on the application of knowledge graphs in the field of intelligent manufacturing[J]. Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery, 2025 , 23 (2) : 194 -198 .
自从工业4.0兴起以来,制造业智能化转型已成为各国的重要发展战略。随着工业5.0的提出,如何充分发挥人类专家的创造力,实现智能且高效的人机合作,逐渐成为工业界和学术界研究与探讨的焦点[1-2]。近年来,AI、大数据等信息技术的快速发展,智能制造侧重于对领域知识的学习和认知能力的研究,以实现提高机器的智能化水平,减少人工劳动力的目标[3-4]。相较于简单场景下机器的监管、预测、加工和生产等能力,基于知识的智能制造在面对复杂场景时对领域知识进行学习和挖掘,提供基于知识的智能服务[5]。面对制造业知识的存储、有效数据的快速提取以及专业知识的理解与推理等知识管理需求,知识图谱具有良好的知识关联、存储、推理等能力,为智能制造的发展提供了新的研究视角。
知识图谱是谷歌在2012年提出的一种针对知识处理的方法,其构建以〈实体-关系-实体〉三元组为基本单元的图数据,通过构建结构化知识语义网络,将知识数据以图结构的形式进行存储和展示[6]。随着大数据与人工智能技术的发展,各领域结合专业知识逐步建立各自的知识图谱。在医学领域,结合医学知识图谱和人工智能算法,支持临床决策系统构建,辅助医生进行医学决策[7]。在金融领域,通过构建金融知识图谱,辅助金融应急管理与决策,降低金融风险[8]。在智能制造领域,国内外均有学者对其展开研究。本文通过对该领域知识图谱在垂直行业应用、制造领域流程应用、知识图谱构建技术以及智能服务方面的文献进行研究,进一步探索其在智能制造领域的创新应用,推进新一代制造业的智能化升级。
知识图谱分为模式层和实体层,如图1所示。模式层为本体构建,数据经过模型层得到知识概念。数据层则是对应模式层中各本体概念下的具体实例,依据〈头实体-关系-尾实体〉三元组结构,实体为实例,实例与实例之间为关系[9]
在制造领域,知识图谱三元组通常包括零件部位、缺陷及缺陷原因等要素。随着制造领域的不断进步,知识图谱的构建变得多样化,其多样性为后续智能服务提供更广泛的可能性。鉴于其广泛应用,智能制造知识图谱应用被分为垂直行业、制造流程、知识图谱构建技术和智能服务这4个方面。
知识图谱在智能制造领域行业应用广泛,依据海、陆、空顺序对其应用分别进行研究。首先在海洋维度,Gan等[10]构建海洋碰撞事故知识图谱,用于历史事故原因分析,以降低海洋事故风险。其次在陆地范围内,谢庆等[11]使用ALBERT替代BERT,将模型应用在电力设备领域,进一步提高实体抽取效率。针对在天空范围内,邱凌等[12]将知识图谱引入无人机诊断领域,通过分析其故障元素,实现知识图谱构建和基于知识图谱的推荐系统研发。知识图谱在智能制造领域应用广泛,说明其已经得到普遍的认可,基于知识图谱的智能化转型必将成为热门趋势。
基于知识图谱的智能制造发展,对制造领域研发、生产、售后以及产品全流程管理这4个关键流程进行研究,探讨各阶段知识图谱的应用。产品研发需求多样,专家数量无法短时间内满足,因此拥有具备专业知识的机器辅助产品设计以提高研发效率变得至关重要。Ding等[13]提出BERT-D'BiGRU-CRF模型,并设计一套推理规则用于知识融合和推理,用以构建面向产品制造的知识图谱。
产品生产阶段主要涉及生产工艺,徐进[14]和段阳[15]分别在装配和金属切削中应用知识图谱,对相应工艺流程提供知识推荐。Zhou等[16]则将其应用在注塑工艺上,进一步丰富其在生产工艺流程的应用。产品售后主要涉及设备运维与故障诊断,阴艳超等[17]将知识图谱和多元神经网络进行融合,提出KG-CNN-GRU-ATTENTION模型用以对汽车发动机故障进行预测。Zhang等[18]通过BiLSTM模型,对知识进行提取,实现电池故障在线查询和故障推理功能。产品全流程管理是关于产品从设计研发到售后的全部阶段,Shalumov[19]融合知识图谱提出对产品生命周期语义化管理。Zhai等[20]利用Jena推理引擎,融合知识图谱对产品质量进行管理。
综上所述,知识图谱推动各生产流程智能化发展,其在产品研发、生产和售后等阶段的应用取得了显著的研究成果。
智能制造知识图谱的构建主要包括本体构建、命名实体识别、关系抽取、知识加工[21],相较通用知识图谱构建,其拥有更全面的制造领域数据。
本体用于描述知识间的共同概念,提取知识的共性可作为知识图谱的本体,其是图谱构建的基础。智能制造领域中,Cao等[22]提出产品设计和生产本体网络,整合产品需求和制造商生产能力,提高产品的可制造性。
命名实体识别是对于文本中实体的识别,Kumar等[23]应用BiLSTM-CRF模型从制造维护记录、服务手册等文本中提出制造维护相应的领域实体。
知识图谱实体间用关系进行连接,Guan等[24]融合CR-CNN和BiLSTM-ATTENTION模型,提取焊接知识间关系,实现焊接知识检索、智能问答等功能。
知识图谱数据多源,其格式、内容等难以统一,在构建图谱的过程中可能会出现同词异意(实体消歧)或者异词同意(实体对齐)。为避免出现语义偏差,在知识抽取后,对其进行知识加工显得尤为必要。Vretinaris等[25]提出一种基于GNN的实体消歧模型ED-GNN,通过训练机械制造领域数据集以提高该模型的实体消歧能力。
综上所述,知识图谱构建技术对智能制造知识图谱应用起到了关键作用,高效准确地制造领域知识图谱为后续的智能服务提供了坚实的基础。
近年来,国内外学者将其应用在智能制造领域,进一步证明基于知识图谱的推荐应用在制造业领域智能化发展的可能性。Xia等[26]结合知识图谱提出了一种基于Attention机制的压缩关系图卷积网络,针对工业设备维护的潜在问题进行预测。Ko等[27]引入一种融合机器学习和知识图谱的方法以构建增材制造(AM)设计规则,利用AM数据提升零件质量的预测性能。
综上所述,基于知识图谱的推荐为制造业智能化转型提供了研究思路和方法。随着技术的不断进步,基于知识图谱的智能服务将在智能制造领域展现出越来越广阔的前景。
通过对智能制造知识图谱应用的文献研究可以得出,其发展主要依赖于制造领域实际需求、行业数据以及知识图谱构建与应用技术,从而提出智能制造知识图谱架构,为智能制造创新发展提供了理论基础,更有力地促进智能制造的进步。
智能制造领域知识图谱架构如图2所示,其包括制造领域数据、图谱构建、智能服务这3个主要模块。制造领域数据模块由垂直行业和制造流程这2个子模块组成。垂直行业模块从智能制造领域的行业视角出发,对飞机、汽车等行业进行细分。制造流程模块则主要针对各行业的研发、设计、生产、维修等具体制造流程进行梳理和总结。行业数据和流程数据积累共同形成完整的制造领域数据,为图谱构建模块和智能服务模块提供了数据基础。
图谱构建模块集成了知识图谱构建方法,包括数据处理和知识构建这两方面。数据处理将前述数据子模块中半结构化和非结构化数据转为结构化数据。利用知识构建模块中的知识抽取、知识加工等技术对制造领域数据进行处理,构建智能制造知识图谱,为智能服务模块提供知识图谱数据。智能服务模块采用机器学习、深度学习、大模型等人工智能方法,为制造领域提供智能辅助。例如,向产品设计工程师推荐适用的产品设计方法,为设备运维工程师提供设备缺陷部位、缺陷原因等信息。此外,智能服务模块的输出也可作为数据模块的输入,为数据模块提供更多的数据支持。以完备智能制造领域数据为基础,达到知识闭环,促进基于知识图谱制造业领域的智能化发展。
近年来随着信息技术的发展,海量数据大规模生成,未来对于数据高效存储和有效表达将成为关键。此外,不同地域和语言对制造领域知识表达存在差异,相比物理世界,数字孪生、数字工厂等数字世界数据内容也不同,因此,未来知识的统一表达成为研究的重点。
目前,智能制造知识图谱构建技术尚未完全成熟,图谱质量仍依赖专家评估,并未实现完全智能。面向不同的图谱构建需求,建立全智能的图谱构建与应用技术同样是研究重点。
未来的研究应当重点探索人工智能与制造业的融合,2022年末ChatGPT 3.5[28]横空出世,进一步推动了人工智能技术的发展。在知识图谱领域,目前已有学者将ChatGPT应用于命名实体识别。此外,除了将知识图谱和自然语言处理进行融合以外,未来还可以将知识图谱与计算机视觉等技术进行整合,为制造业提供多模态的智能支持,促进智能制造的持续创新。
智能制造知识图谱应用以文献研究为基础,分析了其在垂直行业应用、生产制造流程、知识图谱构建技术和智能服务这4个方面的应用研究。研究结果显示,知识图谱在制造领域有广泛的应用,基于知识图谱的智能制造领域具有广阔的发展前景。此外,提出了一个智能制造知识图谱架构,为智能制造的持续发展提供理论基础。该架构涵盖了制造领域数据、图谱构建和智能服务这3个核心模块,制造业数据积累沉淀,通过图谱构建方法进行图谱构建,并融合深度学习、卷积神经网络等人工智能技术为制造业提供丰富的智能服务。未来,智能制造知识图谱研究重点在于知识数据和技术更新,包括其自动构建技术和与新一代人工智能技术的融合,如制造领域大模型、多模态制造领域图谱等,从而进一步推动该领域的智能化发展。
  • 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFF0607404)
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国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFF0607404)
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    中国矿业大学 管理学院,北京 100083

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吴娅楠(1994—),女,博士生。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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