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In this paper, an improved Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) temperature and pressure sensor with two chambers is proposed to solve the nonlinear coupling problem in the integrated structure suggested in earlier studies, and the design and experimental study of an acoustic surface wave all quartz pressure sensor is carried out. Based on the finite element method and perturbation theory, the response mechanism of the quartz-based SAW pressure sensor is analyzed, the coupled mode theory is used to optimize the design of the three-resonator-type sensitive element, and the glass paste bonding is used to realize the quartz cross-lead hermetic encapsulation, and the preparation of the SAW allquartz pressure sensor is realized. The test results show that the developed SAW all quartz pressure sensor has a pressure range of 0~500 kPa, a linearity of 0.415% FS, a pressure sensitivity of 551 kHz/MPa, and a temperature coefficient of sensitivity of 0.134% over the operating temperature range of 0 ℃~120 ℃. The development of this surface acoustic wave all quartz pressure sensor lays the foundation for the subsequent realization of wireless passive measurement of the sensor.

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针对谐振器集成结构中压力和温度参量的非线性耦合问题,本文提出了一种改进的双腔室结构的声表面波温度压力复合传感器,开展了声表面波全石英压力传感器的设计与实验研究。本文基于有限元方法和微扰理论分析了石英基声表面波压力传感器的响应机理,利用耦合模理论优化设计了三谐振器型敏感元件,采用玻璃浆料键合实现了石英跨引线气密封装,实现了声表面波全石英压力传感器的制备。测试结果表明:所研制的声表面波全石英压力传感器在0 ℃~120 ℃工作温度范围内,压力量程为0~500 kPa,线性度为0.415% FS,压力灵敏度为-551 kHz/MPa,其灵敏度温度系数为-0.134%。该声表面波全石英压力传感器的研制为后续实现传感器的无线无源测量奠定了基础。

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骆伟 1986年生,博士,高级工程师。

郝文昌 1989年生,博士,高级工程师。

都磊 1987年生,学士,工程师。

尹玉刚 1982年生,硕士,研究员。

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figureFileBig=oCGN8uRT6CyybW7bHFP6mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241757982082527504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241757971684848518, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Parameters for calculations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数基片厚度/
mm
感压膜半
径/mm
感压膜
厚/mm
压力/
MPa
仿真
位移/μm应力/Pa应变
数值0.420.1129.13[1.561 8E8, 1.751 5E8, -1.534 2E6,
92 415.725 9, 1.888 1E5, 4.622 45]
[0.001 4, 0.001 4, 1.652 7E-4,
1.260 9E-4, 35 004E-6, 3.46E-6]
), ArticleFig(id=1241757982191579413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241757971684848518, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

传感器仿真计算参数列表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数基片厚度/
mm
感压膜半
径/mm
感压膜
厚/mm
压力/
MPa
仿真
位移/μm应力/Pa应变
数值0.420.1129.13[1.561 8E8, 1.751 5E8, -1.534 2E6,
92 415.725 9, 1.888 1E5, 4.622 45]
[0.001 4, 0.001 4, 1.652 7E-4,
1.260 9E-4, 35 004E-6, 3.46E-6]
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基于声表面波的全石英压力传感器研究
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骆伟 , 郝文昌 , 都磊 , 尹玉刚
遥测遥控 | MEMS与传感器 2024,45(4): 132-136
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遥测遥控 | MEMS与传感器 2024, 45(4): 132-136
基于声表面波的全石英压力传感器研究
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骆伟, 郝文昌, 都磊, 尹玉刚
作者信息
  • 航天长征火箭技术有限公司 北京 100076
  • 骆伟 1986年生,博士,高级工程师。

    郝文昌 1989年生,博士,高级工程师。

    都磊 1987年生,学士,工程师。

    尹玉刚 1982年生,硕士,研究员。

Study on All Quartz Package SAW Pressure Sensors
Wei LUO, Wenchang HAO, Lei DU, Yugang YIN
Affiliations
  • Aerospace Long March Launch Vehicle Technology CO, LTD, Beijing 100076, China
出版时间: 2024-07-15 doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20230913001
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针对谐振器集成结构中压力和温度参量的非线性耦合问题,本文提出了一种改进的双腔室结构的声表面波温度压力复合传感器,开展了声表面波全石英压力传感器的设计与实验研究。本文基于有限元方法和微扰理论分析了石英基声表面波压力传感器的响应机理,利用耦合模理论优化设计了三谐振器型敏感元件,采用玻璃浆料键合实现了石英跨引线气密封装,实现了声表面波全石英压力传感器的制备。测试结果表明:所研制的声表面波全石英压力传感器在0 ℃~120 ℃工作温度范围内,压力量程为0~500 kPa,线性度为0.415% FS,压力灵敏度为-551 kHz/MPa,其灵敏度温度系数为-0.134%。该声表面波全石英压力传感器的研制为后续实现传感器的无线无源测量奠定了基础。

声表面波  /  压力传感器  /  玻璃浆料键合

In this paper, an improved Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) temperature and pressure sensor with two chambers is proposed to solve the nonlinear coupling problem in the integrated structure suggested in earlier studies, and the design and experimental study of an acoustic surface wave all quartz pressure sensor is carried out. Based on the finite element method and perturbation theory, the response mechanism of the quartz-based SAW pressure sensor is analyzed, the coupled mode theory is used to optimize the design of the three-resonator-type sensitive element, and the glass paste bonding is used to realize the quartz cross-lead hermetic encapsulation, and the preparation of the SAW allquartz pressure sensor is realized. The test results show that the developed SAW all quartz pressure sensor has a pressure range of 0~500 kPa, a linearity of 0.415% FS, a pressure sensitivity of 551 kHz/MPa, and a temperature coefficient of sensitivity of 0.134% over the operating temperature range of 0 ℃~120 ℃. The development of this surface acoustic wave all quartz pressure sensor lays the foundation for the subsequent realization of wireless passive measurement of the sensor.

SAW  /  Pressure sensor  /  Glass paste bonding
骆伟, 郝文昌, 都磊, 尹玉刚. 基于声表面波的全石英压力传感器研究. 遥测遥控, 2024 , 45 (4) : 132 -136 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20230913001
Wei LUO, Wenchang HAO, Lei DU, Yugang YIN. Study on All Quartz Package SAW Pressure Sensors[J]. Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, 2024 , 45 (4) : 132 -136 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20230913001
声表面波(Surface Acoustic Wave,SAW)传感器是一种采用基于声表面波原理的结构作为其压力敏感结构的传感器,具有无线无源的特点,使其相对于传统的有线传感器和无线有源传感器来说,具有特别的应用优势。工作时,传感器敏感单元(无电源模块)置于测量环境中,借助于声表面波器件的压电转换原理,完成待测物理信号和电学信号的机电转换,因而不存在电池使用环境限制和维护更换问题。载有待测量信息的电信号通过无线电磁波(无线缆连接)传输至无线读取模块,完成信号的解调和结果显示,由此可以减除线缆引入的布线以及附加载荷等问题,特别适合于动态旋转及对轻量化有要求的应用场合[14]
英国Transense公司和法国FEMTO-ST公司等基于声表面波器件特点,提出了经典的三个谐振器(压力、温度、参考谐振器)集成的复合结构[5]。三个谐振器位于不同的敏感区域和敏感方向。其中,压力敏感谐振器位于压力敏感区域,将外界压力引起的形变转变为自身谐振频率的变化。参考谐振器和温度谐振器位于压力敏感区域以外,采用不同的排布方向。利用两者不同的温度特性,差分获得环境温度的测量。通过环境温度的测量,从而实现对压力谐振器的温度补偿,实现待测压力的精确测量。
然而,测试结果表明,其温度/参考谐振器仍存在明显受压力影响的情况,导致复合传感器中温度和压力测试数据存在交叉耦合,难以独立解耦,在一定程度上降低了测试精度。
为了解决谐振器集成结构中压力和温度参量的非线性耦合问题,本论文提供一种双腔室结构的声表面波温度压力复合传感器[6]。该传感器在温度/参考谐振器和压力谐振器中间增加了隔离区域,形成了两个相互独立且相邻的双腔室,通过封装设计使温度/参考谐振器处于一个腔室,压力谐振器处于另一个腔室,利用增加固支边界隔离感压膜形变的传递,降低温度/参考谐振器的压力影响,便于独立解耦,在经典的三个谐振器集成传感器的基础上,进一步降低其温度和压力敏感区域的交叉耦合,提升传感器的测量精度。
本文提出的改进的双腔室结构的声表面波温度压力复合传感器结构如图1所示。设计中,气密感压腔由感压膜和盖板组成,圆形感压膜直径为4 mm,厚度为100 μm。利用有限元软件COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS建立三维仿真模型,x轴与声波传播方向平行,y轴与声孔径方向平行,z轴垂直于(xy)平面。在稳态研究下,提取了压电石英表面SAW器件上的应力应变。图2所示为压力作用下的膜片位移分布情况。
在准静态外力作用下,基于微扰理论,通过对运动方程的求解,可获得外界应力、应变影响下SAW传播速度的相对变化量[7],如式(1)所示。
其中,v为速度,ρ为质量密度,ω0为工作角频率,ui为无扰动下的声表面波位移,ĉijkl为COMSOL模型求解的偏载状态下的微扰张量(通过COMSOL建模仿真提取)。由SAW传播速度与谐振频率的关系可得
其中,f为工作频率。传感器的压力灵敏度Sp
经计算,本设计中压力传感器的灵敏度为Sp=-520 kHz/MPa。本论文仿真所使用的参数见表1
本文的声表面波谐振器件为单端对结构。电周期λT设置为7.1 μm,归一化电极宽度a/λT=0.5%,归一化电极厚度h/λT=2%,叉指换能器指对数NIDT=160,反射栅指对数NREF=200。
进而,利用有限元方法、结合商用软件COMSOL实现对耦合模参量的提取[8,9]。利用P矩阵级联技术,相应地代入仿真软件提取的参量,实现电学端、声学端的级联,从而仿真得到器件的频率响应。图3给出了相应的三个谐振器结构的频率响应幅频特性仿真结果,中心频率为440 MHz。
SAW压力传感器的敏感膜片和密封盖板通过真空密封键合形成所需要的压力参考腔,并为SAW器件提供洁净的工作环境,可有效避免气体环境对器件的损耗影响[10]
目前,应用于气密封装的键合方法主要有直接键合、阳极键合、共金键合、粘结剂键合、玻璃浆料键合。其中,玻璃浆料键合具有可图形化、气密性好、键合强度高以及热失配影响小(可根据材料选择不同热膨胀系数的浆料型号)的特点,更重要的是其对表面的平整度要求低,允许电极引线穿过键合层而不会降低键合质量,从而降低工艺难度,因而特别适合于MEMS器件的真空气密封装[11,12]。本文即是采用玻璃浆料键合方法将传感器的感压膜片与封装盖板进行密封键合,且器件电极穿过键合环引出,实现电学信号的输入输出。
对印刷好的图形进行预烧结,主要目的是挥发掉玻璃浆料中粘合剂和溶剂,使印刷后玻璃浆料接近熔融状态并使表面变得平滑,避免浆料中有机物在后续的键合过程中产生气体从而在键合层中产生孔洞,影响键合质量。图4所示为玻璃浆料烧结后的效果图,对封装盖板和SAW感压膜片进行热压键合即可实现器件的气密封装。
本文提出的SAW压力传感器的感压膜片和密封盖板选择同型单晶石英,在玻璃浆料的选型方面,严格遵守材料热匹配原则,使键合浆料与石英衬底的热膨胀系数尽量接近,从而保障敏感元件芯片的热稳定性。图5所示为本文提出的三谐振器结构的SAW压力传感器的工艺流程示意图。文中采用铝作为金属电极材料,以钛作为粘附层,通过采用高精度光刻及薄膜沉积实现SAW叉指电极的制备[13],采用微工艺方法分别获得所需的压力敏感膜背腔结构和封装盖板的腔体,最后利用键合或者高温玻璃封接技术,实现感压膜片与盖板结构的真空封接,形成真空参考腔,并最终形成压力敏感芯片结构,如图6所示。
利用压力控制器(PACE6000,控压精度0.01%FS)和恒温试验箱(ECT-150-70-CP-AR,控温精度±0.1 ℃),搭建了系统测试平台。压力控制器和恒温箱分别为器件提供测试所需的压力和温度,待温度、压力稳定后,采用网络分析仪(R3765CG,300 kHz-3.8 GHz)对所研制的SAW压力传感器性能进行测试,如图7所示。温度测试范围0 ℃~120 ℃,压力测试范围0 kPa~500 kPa。
利用压力谐振器与参考谐振器之间的差值(即图3fP-fR)抑制共模影响[14],得到不同温度下的压力测试曲线,如图8(a)所示,传感器的压力灵敏度温度系数为-0.134%。同时,图8(b)给出了常温下三次压力正反行程的测试结果,通过最小二乘法线性拟合,获得传感器的灵敏度为-551 kHz/MPa,线性度为0.415%FS。
本文提出了一种全石英结构的SAW压力传感器结构,通过采用三谐振器的复合结构对压力测量信号进行温度补偿,实现压力信号的精确测量。利用微工艺方法完成高精度SAW叉指电极及石英腔体制备,并通过采用低温玻璃浆料键合方法,实现了全石英结构的SAW压力传感器制备。搭建系统测试平台,对该传感器性能进行了表征。结果表明,该传感器在0 ℃~120 ℃温度范围内实现了0~500 kPa的压力测量,压力灵敏度温度系数为-0.134%。本文的研究结果为无线无源压力测量系统在特殊环境下的应用奠定了基础。
  • 国家重点研发项目(2021YFB3203300)
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doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20230913001
  • 接收时间:2023-09-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-13
  • 修回日期:2024-05-28
基金
国家重点研发项目(2021YFB3203300)
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    航天长征火箭技术有限公司 北京 100076
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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