Article(id=1241381052258766996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1241381046445470068, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12347/j.ycyk.20231115002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699977600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-15, revisedDate=1701619200000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773897906603, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1705248000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773897906603, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773897906603, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897906603, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241381046445470068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, year='2024', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='132', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773897905217, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773903111898, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241402884936495824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1241381046445470068, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241402884936495825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1241381046445470068, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=106, endPage=115, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241381052573339807, articleId=1241381052258766996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, language=EN, title=Shallow Sea Underwater Topography Detection Based on SAR Subaperture Image, columnId=1239133500033528732, journalTitle=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, columnName=Radar and Countermeasures, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Accurate measurement of underwater terrain in coastal areas is the key to human activities in the ocean. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides a new means for the detection of shallow sea terrain. TerraSAR-X bunching mode can obtain highresolution SAR data with a long integration time, so that the seabed terrain of shallow sea can be inverted more accurately. Traditional SAR image underwater terrain detection is based on the assumption of constant wave period, which not only needs to know the initial water depth to solve the wave period, but also brings some errors to the detection results. In this paper, an underwater terrain detection method based on subaperture images is proposed. A SAR image is decomposed into subaperture images with fixed multiscene time intervals, and the time interval between subaperture images is used to solve the changing wave period, so as to obtain more accurate underwater terrain. The TerraSAR-X data of Wuzhizhou Island in Hainan Province was used to verify the feasibility of this method. The results obtained by inversion of this method were compared with the GEBCO data, and it was found that the two were in good agreement(the MAE was 2.8m and the MRE was 23.91%). It is proved that this method has great potential for retrieving water depth in shallow sea.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Feicheng RONG, Junmin MENG, Yonggang JI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241381058659275227, articleId=1241381052258766996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, language=CN, title=基于SAR子孔径图像的浅海水下地形探测, columnId=1239133500683645881, journalTitle=遥测遥控, columnName=雷达与对抗, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

沿海地区水下地形的精确测量是人类开展海洋活动的关键,合成孔径雷达(SAR)为浅海地形的探测提供了一种新的手段,其中TerraSAR-X的聚束模式以较长的积分时间得到高分辨率的SAR数据,从而能较为精确地反演浅海的海底地形。传统SAR图像水下地形探测基于波周期不变的假设,这不仅需要已知初始水深求解波周期,还给探测结果带来一定误差。本文提出一种基于子孔径图像的水下地形探测方法,将一景SAR图像分解成多景时间间隔固定的子孔径图像,利用子孔径图像间的时间间隔,求解不断变化的波周期,从而获得更加精确的水下地形。使用在海南蜈支洲岛的TerraSAR-X数据验证了此方法的可行性,将此方法反演得到的结果与GEBCO数据进行比较,发现两者吻合较好(MAE为2.8 m,MRE为23.91%),证明了此方法在浅海反演水深的巨大潜力。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
孟俊敏(
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=idtoOXcEYyfyO1tNetZNdQ==, magXml=9OTNMJ2xqRvB/IYxDxrYlw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=QuLsJeCMcWHTJ3AprVLYSg==, pdfFileSize=43407559, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=N8+5yBrEgLh+PfgPlCP8eA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=gq2mXj/2slPTHT2GTLFilQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

荣飞成 1999年生,硕士研究生。

孟俊敏 1973年生,博士,研究员。

纪永刚 1977年生,教授,博士生导师。

, authorsList=荣飞成, 孟俊敏, 纪永刚)}, authors=[Author(id=1241396555928884211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241396556046324734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, authorId=1241396555928884211, language=EN, stringName=Feicheng RONG, firstName=Feicheng, middleName=null, lastName=RONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
2.College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241396556142792708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, authorId=1241396555928884211, language=CN, stringName=荣飞成, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1自然资源部第一海洋研究所 青岛 266061
2中国石油大学(华东)海洋与空间信息学院 青岛 266580, bio={"content":"

荣飞成 1999年生,硕士研究生。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

荣飞成 1999年生,硕士研究生。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241396555681420258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241396555689808866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, companyId=1241396555681420258, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241396555694003171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, companyId=1241396555681420258, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1自然资源部第一海洋研究所 青岛 266061)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241396555807249388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241396555815637998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, companyId=1241396555807249388, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241396555824026606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, companyId=1241396555807249388, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国石油大学(华东)海洋与空间信息学院 青岛 266580)])]), Author(id=1241396556209901578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=mengjm@fio.org.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241396556314759187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, authorId=1241396556209901578, language=EN, stringName=Junmin MENG, firstName=Junmin, middleName=null, lastName=MENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241396556411228189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, authorId=1241396556209901578, language=CN, stringName=孟俊敏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1自然资源部第一海洋研究所 青岛 266061, bio={"content":"

孟俊敏 1973年生,博士,研究员。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

孟俊敏 1973年生,博士,研究员。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241396555681420258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241396555689808866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, companyId=1241396555681420258, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241396555694003171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, companyId=1241396555681420258, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1自然资源部第一海洋研究所 青岛 266061)])]), Author(id=1241396557967314980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241396558080561196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, authorId=1241396557967314980, language=EN, stringName=Yonggang JI, firstName=Yonggang, middleName=null, lastName=JI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241396558198001717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, authorId=1241396557967314980, language=CN, stringName=纪永刚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2中国石油大学(华东)海洋与空间信息学院 青岛 266580, bio={"content":"

纪永刚 1977年生,教授,博士生导师。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

纪永刚 1977年生,教授,博士生导师。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241396555807249388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241396555815637998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, companyId=1241396555807249388, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241396555824026606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, companyId=1241396555807249388, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国石油大学(华东)海洋与空间信息学院 青岛 266580)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241396558416105534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Underwater topography detection), Keyword(id=1241396558495797315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Subaperture decomposition), Keyword(id=1241396558617432136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Linear dispersion relation), Keyword(id=1241396558697123917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=浅海地形探测), Keyword(id=1241396558755844178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=子孔径分解), Keyword(id=1241396558848118870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=线性频散关系)], refs=[Reference(id=1241396563075977427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=11, issue=9, pageStart=2991, pageEnd=3000, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=BIAN X, SHAO Y, WANG S, journalName=IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BIAN X, SHAO Y, WANG S, et al. Shallow water depth retrieval from multitemporal sentinel-1 SAR data[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2018, 11(9): 2991-3000., articleTitle=Shallow water depth retrieval from multitemporal sentinel-1 SAR data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396563147280598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=8, issue=10, pageStart=772, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=SANTOS D, ABREU T, SILVA P A, journalName=Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SANTOS D, ABREU T, SILVA P A, et al. Estimation of coastal bathymetry using wavelets[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2020, 8(10): 772., articleTitle=Estimation of coastal bathymetry using wavelets, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396563222778074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=10773, issue=null, pageStart=274, pageEnd=282, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=CLOAREC M, ROEBER V, RANCHIN T, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CLOAREC M, ROEBER V, RANCHIN T, et al. Extraction of bathymetric features using multiple SAR images produced by Sentinel-1[C]//Sixth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment (RSCy2018). SPIE, 2018, 10773: 274-282., articleTitle=Extraction of bathymetric features using multiple SAR images produced by Sentinel-1, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396563323441373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=223, issue=null, pageStart=166, pageEnd=178, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=PEREIRA P, BAPTISTA P, CUNHA T, journalName=Remote Sensing of Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PEREIRA P, BAPTISTA P, CUNHA T, et al. Estimation of the nearshore bathymetry from high temporal resolution Sentinel-1A C-band SAR data-A case study[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2019, 223: 166-178., articleTitle=Estimation of the nearshore bathymetry from high temporal resolution Sentinel-1A C-band SAR data-A case study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396563411521762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=21, pageEnd=41, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=LEU L G, KUO Y Y, LIU C T, journalName=Coastal Enginee-ring Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEU L G, KUO Y Y, LIU C T. Coastal bathymetry from the wave spectrum of SPOT images[J]. Coastal Enginee-ring Journal, 1999, 41(1): 21-41., articleTitle=Coastal bathymetry from the wave spectrum of SPOT images, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396563491213542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=14, issue=20, pageStart=5184, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=HUANG L, MENG J, FAN C, journalName=Remote Sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG L, MENG J, FAN C, et al. Shallow sea topography detection from multisource SAR satellites: A case study of dazhou island in china[J]. Remote Sensing, 2022, 14(20): 5184., articleTitle=Shallow sea topography detection from multisource SAR satellites: A case study of dazhou island in china, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396563549933800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=168, issue=null, pageStart=124, pageEnd=130, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=BIAN X L, SHAO Y, ZHANG C, journalName=ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BIAN X L, SHAO Y, ZHANG C, et al. The feasibility of assessing swell-based bathymetry using SAR imagery from orbiting satellites[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote sensing, 2020, 168: 124-130., articleTitle=The feasibility of assessing swell-based bathymetry using SAR imagery from orbiting satellites, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396563625431275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1992, volume=30, issue=4, pageStart=714, pageEnd=722, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=HOLMAN R, MOREIRA A, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOLMAN R, MOREIRA A. Real-time synthetic aperture radar(SAR) processing with a new subaperture approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote sensing, 1992, 30(4): 714-722., articleTitle=Real-time synthetic aperture radar(SAR) processing with a new subaperture approach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396563705123054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=119, issue=null, pageStart=266, pageEnd=271, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=DE MICHELE M, LEPRINCE S, THIÉBOT J, journalName=Remote Sensing of Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DE MICHELE M, LEPRINCE S, THIÉBOT J, et al. Direct measurement of ocean waves velocity field from a single SPOT-5 dataset[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2012, 119: 266-271., articleTitle=Direct measurement of ocean waves velocity field from a single SPOT-5 dataset, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396563763843310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=11, issue=16, pageStart=1918, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=BERGSMA E W J, ALMAR R, MAISONGRANDE P, journalName=Remote Sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BERGSMA E W J, ALMAR R, MAISONGRANDE P. Radonaugmented sentinel-2 satellite imagery to derive wavepatterns and regional bathymetry[J]. Remote Sensing, 2019, 11(16): 1918., articleTitle=Radonaugmented sentinel-2 satellite imagery to derive wavepatterns and regional bathymetry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396563835146482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=13, issue=22, pageStart=4628, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=ALMAR R, BERGSMA E W J, THOUMYRE G, journalName=Remote Sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALMAR R, BERGSMA E W J, THOUMYRE G, et al. Global satellitebased coastal bathymetry from waves[J]. Remote Sensing, 2021, 13(22): 4628., articleTitle=Global satellitebased coastal bathymetry from waves, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396563902255349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=21, pageStart=7006, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=BABA M W, THOUMYRE G, BERGSMA E W J, journalName=Sensors, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BABA M W, THOUMYRE G, BERGSMA E W J, et al. Deriving largescale coastal bathymetry from Sentinel-2 images using an high-performance cluster: A case study covering North Africa's coastal zone[J]. Sensors, 2021, 21(21): 7006., articleTitle=Deriving largescale coastal bathymetry from Sentinel-2 images using an high-performance cluster: A case study covering North Africa's coastal zone, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396563990335735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=278, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=DALY C, BABA W, BERGSMA E, journalName=Remote Sensing of Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DALY C, BABA W, BERGSMA E, et al. The new era of regional coastal bathymetry from space: A showcase for west africa using optical sentinel-2 imagery[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2022, 278: 113084., articleTitle=The new era of regional coastal bathymetry from space: A showcase for west africa using optical sentinel-2 imagery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396564061638908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=44, issue=9, pageStart=2352, pageEnd=2360, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=DE ZAN F, GUARNIERI A M, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DE ZAN F, GUARNIERI A M. TOPSAR. Terrain observation by progressive scans[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2006, 44(9): 2352-2360., articleTitle=TOPSAR. Terrain observation by progressive scans, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396564145524988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=48, issue=2, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=LI X, LEHNER S, ROSENTHAL W, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI X, LEHNER S, ROSENTHAL W. Investigation of ocean surface wave refraction using TerraSAR-X data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2009, 48(2):, articleTitle=Investigation of ocean surface wave refraction using TerraSAR-X data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396564216828159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=WEATHERALL P, TOZER B, ARNDT J E, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEATHERALL P, TOZER B, ARNDT J E, et al. The GEBCO_2021 Grida continuous terrain model of the global oceans and land[J]. 2021., articleTitle=The GEBCO_2021 Grida continuous terrain model of the global oceans and land, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396564283937026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=41, issue=10, pageStart=2264, pageEnd=2276, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=FERRO-FAMIL L, REIGBER A, POTTIER E, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FERRO-FAMIL L, REIGBER A, POTTIER E, et al. Scene characterization using subaperture polarimetric SAR data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2003, 41(10): 2264-2276., articleTitle=Scene characterization using subaperture polarimetric SAR data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396564359434502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1992, volume=30, issue=4, pageStart=714, pageEnd=722, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=MOREIRA A, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOREIRA A. Real-time synthetic aperture radar(SAR)processing with a new subaperture approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote sensing, 1992, 30(4): 714-722., articleTitle=Real-time synthetic aperture radar(SAR)processing with a new subaperture approach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396564443320584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=33, issue=4, pageStart=1047, pageEnd=1056, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=ENGEN G, JOHNSEN H, journalName=IEEE Transactions On Geoscience And Remote Sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ENGEN G, JOHNSEN H. SAR-ocean wave inversion using image cross spectra[J]. IEEE Transactions On Geoscience And Remote Sensing, 1995, 33(4): 1047-1056., articleTitle=SAR-ocean wave inversion using image cross spectra, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396564523012363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=22, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=王海鹏, 金亚秋, 原利允, journalName=遥感信息, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王海鹏, 金亚秋, 原利允. 多视SAR图像交叉谱虚部反演海浪信息[J]. 遥感信息, 2007 (5): 22-25., articleTitle=多视SAR图像交叉谱虚部反演海浪信息, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396564594315534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=11, issue=9, pageStart=1031, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=CHEN Z, ZHANG B, KUDRYAVTSEV V, journalName=Remote Sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Z, ZHANG B, KUDRYAVTSEV V, et al. Estimation of sea surface current from X-band marine radar images by cross-spectrum analysis[J]. Remote Sensing, 2019, 11(9): 1031., articleTitle=Estimation of sea surface current from X-band marine radar images by cross-spectrum analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396564653035793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=JOHNSEN H, COLLARD F, journalName=Sentinel-1 IPF Development (Project No.: 355) Report, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JOHNSEN H, COLLARD F. Sentinel-1 ocean swell wave spectra (OSW) algorithm definition[J]. Sentinel-1 IPF Development (Project No.: 355) Report, 2009., articleTitle=Sentinel-1 ocean swell wave spectra (OSW) algorithm definition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396564736921877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=BOCCIA V, RENGA A, Rufino G, journalName=The Scientific World Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BOCCIA V, RENGA A, Rufino G, et al. Linear dispersion relation and depth sensitivity to swell parameters:application to synthetic aperture radar imaging and bathymetry[J]. The Scientific World Journal, 2015., articleTitle=Linear dispersion relation and depth sensitivity to swell parameters:application to synthetic aperture radar imaging and bathymetry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396564808225048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=5144, pageEnd=5147, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=BOCCIA V, RENGA A, RUFINO G, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BOCCIA V, RENGA A, RUFINO G, et al. L-band SAR image processing for the determination of coastal bathymetry based on swell analysis[C]//2014 IEEE Geos-cience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2014:5144-5147., articleTitle=L-band SAR image processing for the determination of coastal bathymetry based on swell analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396564887916827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=182, pageEnd=207, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=冯士筰, 李凤岐, 李少菁, journalName=海洋科学导论, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冯士筰, 李凤岐, 李少菁. 海洋科学导论[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社,1999:182-207, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396564955025695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=10773, issue=null, pageStart=274, pageEnd=282, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=CLOAREC M, ROEBER V, RANCHIN T, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CLOAREC M, ROEBER V, RANCHIN T, et al. Extraction of bathymetric features using multiple sar images produced by sentinel-1[C]//Sixth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment (RSCy2018). SPIE, 2018, 10773: 274-282., articleTitle=Extraction of bathymetric features using multiple sar images produced by sentinel-1, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241396565017940259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=AUGUSTO P D O E, JUNQUEIRA C P, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AUGUSTO P D O E, JUNQUEIRA C P. On the use of ocean tide model driver, TMD, as a filter to recover reservoir signal from well test pressure history[C]//OTC 28020, 2017., articleTitle=On the use of ocean tide model driver, TMD, as a filter to recover reservoir signal from well test pressure history, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241396562929176783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, awardId=51839002, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(51839002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241396555681420258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241396555689808866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, companyId=1241396555681420258, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241396555694003171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, companyId=1241396555681420258, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1自然资源部第一海洋研究所 青岛 266061)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241396555807249388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241396555815637998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, companyId=1241396555807249388, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241396555824026606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, companyId=1241396555807249388, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国石油大学(华东)海洋与空间信息学院 青岛 266580)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241396559070416992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Study area, figureFileSmall=/52DJL/FHQrffmGEjBItEw==, figureFileBig=TOK0mIDgOcJQ9HUMRtKMRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396559166885990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究区域, figureFileSmall=/52DJL/FHQrffmGEjBItEw==, figureFileBig=TOK0mIDgOcJQ9HUMRtKMRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396559254966381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=TerraSAR-X SAR image of waters near Wuzhizhou Island, captured at 10∶42∶07 UTC on March 18, 2018, figureFileSmall=eUp7PvQP7XcHnzYEbuNsEA==, figureFileBig=++nX9W2sOWZoGXs8doYfPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396559322075251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=CN, label=图2, caption=蜈支洲岛附近海域TerraSAR-X SAR图像,获取时间为2018年3月18日10∶42∶07 UTC, figureFileSmall=eUp7PvQP7XcHnzYEbuNsEA==, figureFileBig=++nX9W2sOWZoGXs8doYfPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396559401767033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Inversion region, figureFileSmall=gqCwGYvlsufAfhz+ACGz/A==, figureFileBig=Y+7qoUGg3sl4o3R8rLK2Gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396559498236031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=CN, label=图3, caption=反演区域, figureFileSmall=gqCwGYvlsufAfhz+ACGz/A==, figureFileBig=Y+7qoUGg3sl4o3R8rLK2Gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396559577927810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Flow diagram of solving multi-point wave parameters, figureFileSmall=IQV67a9+PQm8aGCEs0cnKA==, figureFileBig=tLSS3k9oejlHiGzCRDdu/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396559695368326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=CN, label=图4, caption=求解多点波参数流程示意图, figureFileSmall=IQV67a9+PQm8aGCEs0cnKA==, figureFileBig=tLSS3k9oejlHiGzCRDdu/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396559808614542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Dispersion relation filtering, figureFileSmall=6ArcXj+C9GZ/vIUPxkWC0g==, figureFileBig=Ql9xt2BmMTaWTBNrk/FQOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396559913472143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=CN, label=图5, caption=频散关系滤波, figureFileSmall=6ArcXj+C9GZ/vIUPxkWC0g==, figureFileBig=Ql9xt2BmMTaWTBNrk/FQOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396560009941142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Inversion bathymetry, figureFileSmall=RvgUn1klD/bHX34yKw9Rag==, figureFileBig=/8FR41IOgX2ySGX6ZRhQ8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396560118993046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=CN, label=图6, caption=反演水深, figureFileSmall=RvgUn1klD/bHX34yKw9Rag==, figureFileBig=/8FR41IOgX2ySGX6ZRhQ8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396560211267738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Inversion underwater topography, figureFileSmall=rkFBbARwC79o3A+l3/VnUw==, figureFileBig=W24Hk0nRPHYdIeF3cudcfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396560328708257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=CN, label=图7, caption=反演水下地形, figureFileSmall=rkFBbARwC79o3A+l3/VnUw==, figureFileBig=W24Hk0nRPHYdIeF3cudcfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396560425177252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=The reference water depth corresponding to the inversion area, figureFileSmall=6sqDQnfU7yNzljFlpCRGLQ==, figureFileBig=kbA2PDyCLV2Rm9B6v/pIkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396560517451944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=CN, label=图8, caption=反演区域对应的参考水深, figureFileSmall=6sqDQnfU7yNzljFlpCRGLQ==, figureFileBig=kbA2PDyCLV2Rm9B6v/pIkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396560613920938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Error distribution in the inversion region, figureFileSmall=q+9qlETYAU9Vg4pAHK8kUw==, figureFileBig=/XP8t7pIN731eefhzH3dog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396560710389937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=CN, label=图9, caption=反演区域的误差分布, figureFileSmall=q+9qlETYAU9Vg4pAHK8kUw==, figureFileBig=/XP8t7pIN731eefhzH3dog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396560798470326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Position of the wave period inversion region in the subimage, figureFileSmall=yxsJivFkST3E9kvKwZCjNQ==, figureFileBig=9P+yuZc0OxVebx3VWhUmsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396560886550713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=CN, label=图10, caption=波周期反演区域在子图像中的位置, figureFileSmall=yxsJivFkST3E9kvKwZCjNQ==, figureFileBig=9P+yuZc0OxVebx3VWhUmsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396562379722938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Subimage and corresponding two-dimensional spectrogram, figureFileSmall=OgSgxciWstEkmhYNRmEjQQ==, figureFileBig=QtrYJ/hCdoQg6/iigS2jkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396562459414717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=CN, label=图11, caption=子图像及对应的二维频谱图, figureFileSmall=OgSgxciWstEkmhYNRmEjQQ==, figureFileBig=QtrYJ/hCdoQg6/iigS2jkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396562522329281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The period of solving different sub-images

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
图像波长/m参考水深/m波周期/s
161.53356.285
261.53406.282
371.95476.794
465.29506.470
), ArticleFig(id=1241396562576855237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同子图像求解出来的周期

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
图像波长/m参考水深/m波周期/s
161.53356.285
261.53406.282
371.95476.794
465.29506.470
), ArticleFig(id=1241396562673324232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The effect of periodic inversion using different subimages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
图像MRE/%MAE/mRMSE/m反演率/%
137.36.468.3156.40
236.956.217.9456.37
338.994.976.3171.53
436.205.327.167.44
平均35.914.976.2466.45
), ArticleFig(id=1241396562769793227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381052258766996, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

使用不同子图像求解的周期反演效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
图像MRE/%MAE/mRMSE/m反演率/%
137.36.468.3156.40
236.956.217.9456.37
338.994.976.3171.53
436.205.327.167.44
平均35.914.976.2466.45
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1238822691516493831, delFlag=0, nameCn=遥测遥控, nameEn=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2095-1000, eissn=null, cn=11-1780/TP, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=uUqWBk5pV4VWPULNoAHkuQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1773287945871, updatedTime=1773299995823, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=J, firstLetterEn=J, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=uUqWBk5pV4VWPULNoAHkuQ==, picEn=RDDslHHvDBDNnJMjk6BxdA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1238873232732909900, language=CN, name=遥测遥控, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773299995835, updatedTime=1773299995835, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://manuscript.spacejournal.cn/ycyk, submissionEditorUrl=https://manuscript.spacejournal.cn/ycyk, submissionReviewUrl=https://manuscript.spacejournal.cn/ycyk, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1238873232779047245, language=EN, name=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773299995846, updatedTime=1773299995846, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://manuscript.spacejournal.cn/ycyk, submissionEditorUrl=https://manuscript.spacejournal.cn/ycyk, submissionReviewUrl=https://manuscript.spacejournal.cn/ycyk, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1238841944844054536, websiteList=[Website(id=1238843830011744952, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1238841944844054536, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/CN, language=CN, createTime=1773292985680, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773293577303, updateBy=18614031015, name=遥测遥控-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=遥测遥控, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1238846390617568150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773293596176, updateTime=1773293596176, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390596596627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773293596171, updateTime=1773293596171, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390638539673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773293596181, updateTime=1773293596181, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390588208018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/CN/file/pic?fileId=g9S2GGWx7iZjf51o9vpmmA==, createTime=1773293596169, updateTime=1773293596169, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390651122587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773293596184, updateTime=1773293596184, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390613373845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/CN/file/pic, createTime=1773293596175, updateTime=1773293596175, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390646928282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773293596183, updateTime=1773293596183, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390604985236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1773293596173, updateTime=1773293596173, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390625956759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773293596178, updateTime=1773293596178, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390634345368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773293596180, updateTime=1773293596180, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1238843830078853819, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1238841944844054536, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/EN, language=EN, createTime=1773292985696, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773293566698, updateBy=18614031015, name=遥测遥控-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1238846419235304352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773293602999, updateTime=1773293602999, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419214332829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773293602994, updateTime=1773293602994, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419256275875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773293603004, updateTime=1773293603004, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419205944220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/EN/file/pic?fileId=g9S2GGWx7iZjf51o9vpmmA==, createTime=1773293602992, updateTime=1773293602992, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419268858789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773293603007, updateTime=1773293603007, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419231110047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/EN/file/pic, createTime=1773293602998, updateTime=1773293602998, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419264664484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773293603006, updateTime=1773293603006, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419222721438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1773293602996, updateTime=1773293602996, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419243692961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773293603001, updateTime=1773293603001, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419252081570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773293603003, updateTime=1773293603003, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=遥测遥控, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://ycyk.spacejournal.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, journalPhotoCn=uUqWBk5pV4VWPULNoAHkuQ==, journalPhotoEn=RDDslHHvDBDNnJMjk6BxdA==, journalFirstLetter=J, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/CN/10.12347/j.ycyk.20231115002, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/EN/10.12347/j.ycyk.20231115002, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/CN/PDF/10.12347/j.ycyk.20231115002, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/EN/PDF/10.12347/j.ycyk.20231115002, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于SAR子孔径图像的浅海水下地形探测
收藏切换
PDF下载
荣飞成 1, 2 , 孟俊敏 1 , 纪永刚 2
遥测遥控 | 雷达与对抗 2024,45(1): 106-115
收起
收藏切换
遥测遥控 | 雷达与对抗 2024, 45(1): 106-115
基于SAR子孔径图像的浅海水下地形探测
全屏
荣飞成1, 2, 孟俊敏1 , 纪永刚2
作者信息
  • 1自然资源部第一海洋研究所 青岛 266061
  • 2中国石油大学(华东)海洋与空间信息学院 青岛 266580
  • 荣飞成 1999年生,硕士研究生。

    孟俊敏 1973年生,博士,研究员。

    纪永刚 1977年生,教授,博士生导师。

通讯作者:

孟俊敏(
Shallow Sea Underwater Topography Detection Based on SAR Subaperture Image
Feicheng RONG1, 2, Junmin MENG1 , Yonggang JI2
Affiliations
  • 1.First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
  • 2.College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
出版时间: 2024-01-15 doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20231115002
文章导航
收藏切换

沿海地区水下地形的精确测量是人类开展海洋活动的关键,合成孔径雷达(SAR)为浅海地形的探测提供了一种新的手段,其中TerraSAR-X的聚束模式以较长的积分时间得到高分辨率的SAR数据,从而能较为精确地反演浅海的海底地形。传统SAR图像水下地形探测基于波周期不变的假设,这不仅需要已知初始水深求解波周期,还给探测结果带来一定误差。本文提出一种基于子孔径图像的水下地形探测方法,将一景SAR图像分解成多景时间间隔固定的子孔径图像,利用子孔径图像间的时间间隔,求解不断变化的波周期,从而获得更加精确的水下地形。使用在海南蜈支洲岛的TerraSAR-X数据验证了此方法的可行性,将此方法反演得到的结果与GEBCO数据进行比较,发现两者吻合较好(MAE为2.8 m,MRE为23.91%),证明了此方法在浅海反演水深的巨大潜力。

浅海地形探测  /  子孔径分解  /  线性频散关系

Accurate measurement of underwater terrain in coastal areas is the key to human activities in the ocean. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides a new means for the detection of shallow sea terrain. TerraSAR-X bunching mode can obtain highresolution SAR data with a long integration time, so that the seabed terrain of shallow sea can be inverted more accurately. Traditional SAR image underwater terrain detection is based on the assumption of constant wave period, which not only needs to know the initial water depth to solve the wave period, but also brings some errors to the detection results. In this paper, an underwater terrain detection method based on subaperture images is proposed. A SAR image is decomposed into subaperture images with fixed multiscene time intervals, and the time interval between subaperture images is used to solve the changing wave period, so as to obtain more accurate underwater terrain. The TerraSAR-X data of Wuzhizhou Island in Hainan Province was used to verify the feasibility of this method. The results obtained by inversion of this method were compared with the GEBCO data, and it was found that the two were in good agreement(the MAE was 2.8m and the MRE was 23.91%). It is proved that this method has great potential for retrieving water depth in shallow sea.

Underwater topography detection  /  Subaperture decomposition  /  Linear dispersion relation
荣飞成, 孟俊敏, 纪永刚. 基于SAR子孔径图像的浅海水下地形探测. 遥测遥控, 2024 , 45 (1) : 106 -115 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20231115002
Feicheng RONG, Junmin MENG, Yonggang JI. Shallow Sea Underwater Topography Detection Based on SAR Subaperture Image[J]. Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, 2024 , 45 (1) : 106 -115 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20231115002
浅海是人类与海洋接触最频繁的区域,也是人类探索大洋的必经之路,因此,浅海地形的探索,对海洋研究、海上通行等具有重要作用。传统上使用声纳进行浅海地形的现场探测方法,探测范围小、花费高,对于船只难以进入的区域,无法开展现场探测。而遥感能够提供大量、大范围的图像数据,有效弥补了传统方法的不足,因此遥感已成为水下地形探测最有效的手段。
遥感探测水下地形主要分为光学探测和SAR遥感探测,其中光学遥感易受云雾等天气环境的影响,而SAR遥感可以全天时、全天候成像,在进行浅海地形反演时具有更大的优势。水下地形在SAR图像上表现为亮度特征的变化,传统基于SAR图像探测海底地形的方法是对水下地形与潮流、表面流与表面微尺度波、表面微尺度波和雷达入射波之间的相互作用分别建模,进而求解得到水下地形。虽然此方法物理意义明显,但计算量大且需要大量实测数据。
当海浪传播到浅海时,会受到海底地形的作用而导致波参数变化,此过程可用频散关系来表示。频散关系描述了浅水波波长、波周期与水深之间的关系。因此,可以从SAR海表图像中提取波特征后,带入频散关系即可得到水深[1-3]。Pereira 等人的研究证明了快速傅里叶变换(FFT)在提取SAR图像波参数的可靠性[4]。由于单景SAR图像不包含时间的连续信息,因此需要根据外部已知水深数据的区域求解主波周期。而凭借波在传播过程中周期变化较小的特点,假设波在传播过程中周期保持不变,即在探测区域中共用一个周期,就可以使用少量已知水深点反演大范围水深。Leu等人阐述了关于波周期不变的观点,认为海浪在浅海传播时,波浪波长与水深之间的线性频散关系保持守恒[5]。黄龙宇分别用GF-3、Sentinel-1、 ALOS PALSAR、 ENVISAT ASAR四种不同的SAR卫星图像对大洲岛附近水深进行了反演,得到的平均相对误差在30%以上,最大误差接近40%[6]
尽管使用不变波周期方法反演水深简单方便,但浅海中的波周期是随波浪的传播而不断变化的。卞小林从频散关系公式出发,探讨了波长、波浪周期和初始水深的敏感性,发现波周期误差对水深的影响最大,即小的波周期变化就能对反演得到的水深产生较大的影响[7]。因此,精确获取不同位置的波周期是精确反演水深的关键。利用时间间隔较短的两景图像,得到波在传播过程中变化的波速,进而为水深的精确反演提供了可能。多通道光学图像可以满足此要求,现已在SPOT-5[8,9]、Sentinel-2[10-13]等光学图像上证明了此方法的可行性。
现有的利用SAR图像反演浅海水深的方法基本是以波周期固定不变的假设为前提,而SAR是以天为单位的重访时间,阻碍了在SAR探测海底地形的方法中求解可变的波周期。为此,进一步从SAR成像机制出发,应用子孔径分解技术使一幅SAR图像分解得到两幅存在一定时间间隔的子视图像,从而将它们类比于光学数据中不同通道的图像作为实验数据,但这对SAR图像的质量提出了一定要求。2014年和2016年发射的Sentinel-1A/B卫星的产品是近年来最常用的一种SAR数据,但由于Sentinel-1 IW与EW模式使用TopSAR技术进行成像,牺牲了成像积分时间以得到多个条带,使得产品成像积分的时间较短,分解后的子视图像质量较差而无法被使用[14]。其前身ENVISAT ASAR卫星的IMAGE模式数据虽然成像时间大于Sentinel-1,但其分辨率低,难以从子视图像中观察到间隔时间内波浪的运动。因此,本研究采用Terrasar-X聚束模式数据,利用其较长的积分时间确保了子视图像的图像质量,高的分辨率使观测小波速波浪的运动成为了可能,低的运行轨道导致小的截断波长,为使用图像谱反演海浪信息创造了可能[15]
综上所述,利用求解可变波周期来代替原本基于SAR图像波浪的海底地形反演算法中波周期不变的假设,可以反演得到精确的海底地形。本文基于TerraSAR-X卫星遥感图像,提出了一种基于SAR子孔径图像波浪的海底地形反演方法,利用子孔径图像引入的时间信息,得到波浪周期,再结合图像提供的波长信息,求解反演研究区域的海底地形。
基于波浪的水下地形反演方法适用于海表存在波浪运动且地形变化较为缓慢的浅海。因此本文选取海南岛东海岸的蜈支洲岛附近水域作为研究区域。蜈支洲岛位于海南省三亚市北部海棠湾内,此区域中心纬度约18.31°,经度约109.76°,周围深度最大约50 m,经常存在由南海传播过来的波浪。图1所示为研究区域处的水深情况,图中黑色方块区域为SAR影像所处位置。
子孔径分解会降低图像的方位向分辨率,因此需要高分辨率图像,本文使用TerraSAR-X聚束模式数据用于实验。TerraSAR-X卫星于2007年6月成功发射,重访周期11天,在X波段下存在ScanSAR、StripMap、SpotLight和HighResolution SpotLight、Staring-Spotlight五种不同的成像模式,本文使用的是TerraSAR-X SpotLight模式数据,其积分时间约1.2 s,距离分辨率约为2 m,方位分辨率约为1 m。研究区域的TerraSAR-X图像如图2所示,获取时间为2018年3月18日10∶42∶7 UTC,极化方式为VV,中心入射角为29.5°,从图2(右图)可以看到清晰的海浪条纹。
本研究使用全球海洋总测深图(General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans, GEBCO)的数据作为参考水深数据,对实验反演结果进行对比和分析。GEBCO是一个包括陆地和海洋的连续的全球地形模型,空间分辨率为0.25′,其主要基于多波束测量数据,以网格化的形式提供了全球的地形[16],可以在官方网站上免费下载(https://download.gebco.net)。
本研究使用ERA5(ECMWF Reanalysis v5)数据来查找波浪参数。ERA5数据是由ECMWF(欧洲中期天气预报中心)提供的再分析数据集,空间分辨率为0.125°,时间分辨率为1小时,查询研究区域内波浪的有效波高。
频散关系描述了浅水波波长、波周期及所处水深三者之间的关系,因此,通过从SAR图像中得到波长与波周期即可求得水深。传统方法假设波周期在传播过程中不变,利用已知水深点结合SAR图像中得到的波长即可求解波周期,从而得到反演水深值,虽然简单,但忽视了波周期的变化,产生一定误差,因此本文通过对SAR图像进行子孔径分解,利用子孔径图像间的时间信息求解波周期,克服了传统方法中使用波周期不变假设带来误差的缺陷,以反演更为精确的海底地形。该方法首先在预处理后的SAR图像上确定反演区域,将反演区域中每个反演点对应的子图像进行子孔径分解,利用子孔径图像求解交叉谱,通过交叉谱得到此处反演点的波长与波周期,从而求解得到该处的水深;最后根据网格法求解该区域多个反演点水深,从而得到该区域的海底地形。
SAR图像的预处理主要分为辐射定标、斜地距转换和重采样三个步骤。该方法只适用于有限水深区(水深在波长的1/20到1/2的区域),通过目视得到该区域波长约为60 m,再根据参考水深找到符合条件的反演区域,将此区域中陆地部分去除后,得到反演区域。图3中的黄色区域即为反演区域。
SAR图像通过多普勒处理将合成孔径时间内不同位置、不同方位角的回波信号进行数字合成,以实现高的方位向分辨率。此过程的逆过程便是子孔径分解,将方位向回波信号组成的多普勒频带进行等间隔划分,每个子多普勒频带对应时间内的回波信号积累成像,便可得到固定时间间隔的多景子孔径图像[17]
不同子孔径图像的孔径中心不同,使得每个子孔径图像到同一地物的方位视角不同,因此两个子孔径图像的后向散射信息存在显著差异。需要注意的是,子孔径分解会降低图像的分辨率[18],其随着子孔径图像的数量成比例下降,并且子孔径频带范围不能超过全孔径数据的多普勒带宽范围,否则会在左右两端出现卷绕现象。两幅子孔径图像的时间间隔可利用分割得到的多普勒频带宽和多普勒调频率FM得到:
其中,λE为雷达波长、V为卫星运动速度、R0为卫星与目标之间的斜距。通过引入时间信息,可以求得变化波周期。假设两幅子孔径图像的时间间隔为Dt,同一位置处波相位变化为Dφ,则该位置对应的波周期为:
海浪信息可以通过求解两幅子孔径图像的交叉谱得到。SAR图像的交叉谱能在保持与图像谱相似谱型特征的前提下,大大降低斑点噪声水平,同时也解决了波向180°方向模糊的问题[19]。将由SAR图像子视分解得到的两幅子孔径图像进行二维FFT,即可获得二维波数谱。
其中,kxky是子图像对应两个方向上的波数,它的范围从,Δx为这个方向上的像素间隔,波数分辨率为m为子图像在此方向上像素点的数量,x,y是子图像的中心坐标点。对两个子孔径图像的波数谱利用公式(5)即可得到此区域的交叉谱
其中,*表示复数的共轭,主波波长、波向(波动传播方向,即去向)[20]和相位[21]可分别通过公式(6)(7)(8)求得。
其中,Lϕ为子图像的波长和波向,φ为对应的相位差,Re和Im分别代表取复数的实部与虚部,每一个波数对应一个相位差。ky,maxkx,max分别为波数空间中的峰值坐标。
反演区域内所有点的波参数可以用网格法求解。以反演区域中一点为中心,确定子图像范围,求解中心点波参数后,将中心点沿x方向或y方向移动固定距离,直到遍历结束整个反演区域,即可得到反演区域中每个反演点的波长与波周期。本文的移动距离设置为50个像素,初始子图像大小设置(250×250)个像素,放大因子k=1+0.15 t是距海岸线像素个数t的函数,随着深度的增大而不断增大。图4为多点波参数反演过程,其中图4(a)诠释了网格法,红色框为选定的子图像区域,如图4(b)所示。将子图像分解为两幅子孔径图像,如图4(c),利用公式(4)、公式(5)得到频域中交叉谱图4(d),再对其进行平滑滤波以降低噪声的影响。根据公式(6)和公式(8)从交叉谱中得到主波的波长与相位变化,再将子图像框在原图像上移动到图4(a)中蓝色框,直到遍历完全部反演点;再根据公式(1)和公式(2),计算得到两幅子孔径图像的时间间隔约为0.48 s;最后利用公式(3)将求得的相位转换为周期,即可得到每个反演点波长与相位信息。
由于SAR图像容易受噪声及其他非海浪特征的干扰,使得反演结果存在一定的异常。对波长的影响因素主要包括FFT区域设置和滤波器参数设置。当SAR图像存在大量散斑噪声时,反演的波长会太大(尺度可达公里),所以需要设置一个波长上限,这里将波周期上限对应的波长设定为波长的上限,波长的下限由截断波长得到[20,21]。海浪在SAR图像 中成像受非线性调制的速度聚束影响,会引起波在方位向产生位移。如果波在方位向位移小于一个波长,则波在图像上的映射仍为线性,此时速度调制对成像的影响较小。当位移大于一个波长时,波在图像上的映射变为非线性此时会使图像上波的成像发生扭曲,导致SAR图,像模糊,即沿方位向传播的低于某个波长的海浪被截断,这个波长就称为截断波长。距离向的截断波长很小,只依赖于距离向分辨率,通常将其作为距离向截断波长[22]。而对于方位向传播的波来说,截断波长根据经验公式(9)得到。
其中,R为倾斜距离,V为平台速度,Hs为有效波高。
对于方位向与波传播方向夹角为θ的波来说,对应的截断波长由公式(10)得到[23]
利用公式(7)与子图像求得波向与方位向之间的夹角,通过查询ERA5数据可以得到此处区域的有效波高,代入公式(10)得到截断波长,此图像截断波长为7 m。
波周期上限设置为18 s,对应的波速为28.07 m/s,对于浅水波,不太可能以此速度在沿岸区域进行传播,因此这是一个较为宽松的上限[10],下限设置为截断波长对应的波周期。由于小于截断波长的波都认为是错误的,因此,将此波长范围内对应的波周期2 s认为是波周期的下限。
将异常点设为非数值后,对波参数矩阵进行二维平滑滤波[24],实现保持浅海地形变化趋势的同时,又能减缓相邻反演点处受噪声干扰而变化剧烈。
最后对波周期和波长进行频散关系滤波。线性频散关系描述了浅水波的波参数与水深之间的联系。波浪从浅海传播时,随着水深的减小,海表面波逐渐受到海底地形的作用而发生形变,导致波长减小,波速降低,根据能量守恒定理,波高会随之增加,从而使得波浪变陡,当波高达到一定高度时,波浪就会发生破碎现象,使海表面粗糙度突然增大[25]。在这个过程中,波浪的波长和周期与波传播过程中的水深关系被称为频散关系,由公式(11)来描述。
其中,w为波的角频率为重力加速度, h为水深。当波浪在深水区传播时,波浪的传播不再受到海底地形的影响,此时波浪的波参数变化与水深无关,满足公式(12):
其中,由于频散关系中的反双曲正切函数是一个到达边界不稳定的函数,在边界处剧烈变化,这会造成一定的误差。因此本研究只选取其自变量小于0.98的部分[26],去除不符合频散关系反演点的波长与波周期后,利用剩余反演点的波长与波周期进行水深反演。图5展示了频散关系滤波的过程,图中每一个点代表了此反演区域中的一个反演点,横轴表示该反演点的波长、竖轴表示该反演点的波周期,颜色代表此波长、波周期对应波数所有具备的强度。从图像中可以看到,反演区域中所有反演点的波周期都大于截断波长,因此所有反演得到的波长都是有效的。左边图像为滤波前,右边图像为滤波后,通过频散滤波去除了一些反演得到的波参数不符合频散关系的无效反演点。
求解得到每一个有效反演点对应的波参数后便可利用频散关系得到每一个反演点对应的水深将公式(11)进行变化可得水深求解公式如下:
由于去除了一些不符合实际和频散关系的反演点,使得到的反演区域中存在一定的缺漏,因此需要进行插值,从而得到该区域下完整的海底地形。
利用SAR图像反演得到的水深结果如图6所示。从图中可以看到,反演结果基本遵循沿岸越远、水深越深的变化规律,且反演得到的水深主要分布在20 m以下,在20~30 m处水深反演点较少。将反演得到剩余水深进行插值即可得到图7中的地形反演图。
根据GEBCO数据,查询每一个反演点对应的参考水深。由于参考水深分辨率较低,使用克里金插值将经纬度对应的参考水深数据插值到与反演点经纬度相同的分辨率,利用经纬度查询每一个反演点的参考水深,得到参考水深图如图8所示。根据反演区域的经纬度和当地时间,通过查询TMD(Tidal Modal Driver)数据[27],可以得到该位置该时刻的潮高,得到该处的潮汐分量为-0.1 m,对反演结果进行潮汐校正后与参考水深相比较,得到MRE为23.91%、MAE为2.80 m,RMSE为3.30 m和反演率为73.32%。
通过与图6反演结果对比发现,反演结果基本符合参考水深的分布,但水深较深处反演点缺少较为严重,这主要是频散滤波造成的。通过图5的频散滤波可以看到,水深越大,即越靠近深水区,波长和周期对水深的影响越大,它们轻微的改变就会造成水深较大的偏差。通过频散滤波虽然能去除这些不符合频散关系的较大偏差点,但也造成了大量水深较深处反演点的丢失。同时,图8中黄色区域显示出此处地形变化较大,而此方法求得的波长是连续变化的,因此也会反演得到一些不符合频散关系的异常点。当波从深海传播到浅海时,由于岛屿的存在,在经过岛屿时会进行绕射,靠近岛屿的左侧图像没有波浪,从而造成图8中白色区域反演点的部分缺失且反演效果较差。图9显示为反演区域中各个反演点与参考水深之间的平均相对误差,将误差分为小于10%、10%~20%、20%~30%、30%~40%和40%以上五个部分,通过图9可以看到,当反演点所处浅水区时,平均相对误差较大,这是由于此时波浪受到海底地形的约束力越来越大,导致波长、波速降低、波陡增大,波浪越发不稳定,从而求解得到的周期分布较大,产生了较大的平均相对误差。
使用波周期不变的方法对相同反演区域中的反演点进行反演。首先需要在深海区选取四个区域用于求解波周期,如图10所示,每一个区域大小设置为512像素×512像素。将截取的图像进行二维FFT转换到波数域求解波长,结合查询的水深信息,即可得到对应的波周期。图11分别展示了子图像区域时空域的图像和对应的二维频域图像,各自结合水深得到的周期见表1
表1中可以看到,四景子图像所对应的波浪全部为深水波,此时波浪波参数变化与水深无关,通过公式(12)利用SAR图像中反演的波长即可得到波周期。四景不同的子图像求解得到的波周期是不同的,分别使用它们作为反演区域中固定的波周期,反演相同反演区域下的水深,反演情况见表2。从表2中发现,将来自不同子图像反演得到的波周期分别应用到水深反演区域得到的水深与参考水深相比具有相似的平均相对误差,但在平均绝对误差、均方根误差和反演率上存在一定的差异。取四个波周期的平均值作为反演区域的波周期,进行水深反演,得到最好的反演效果,但仍差于本文方法取得的反演结果,这主要是由于两方面造成的:一是选取子图像估计波周期时,四幅子图像反演得到的波周期存在一定波动,选取子图像的质量会对波周期的反演产生较大的影响,从而对反演结果造成一定的误差;二是由于反演区域内只使用一个波周期,忽略了波周期较小的变化,从而给反演结果带来了一定的误差,这在小波长、周期的区域下尤为明显,这是因为此区域下频散关系更为严格。
本文提出了一种基于子孔径分解的可变波周期的浅海地形探测方法。子孔径分解技术可以获得两幅时间间隔合适的子孔径图像,从而求解得到交叉谱,利用交叉谱的峰值信息确定主波波长与相位变化,带入频散关系即可得到每一个反演点处的水深信息。此方法不需要初始水深数据,并且求得可变的波周期来代替原来波周期不变的假设,从而减小了周期与初始水深带来的误差,得到较高的反演精度。使用TerraSAR-X聚束模式数据在海南蜈支洲岛附近水域进行实验,并将反演结果与GEBCO参考水深数据进行对比,发现反演效果(MAE为2.8 m,MRE为23.91%)优于传统方法(MAE为4.97 m,MRE为35.91%)。由于此方法只适用于有限深水区,同时此影像下该处波浪波长位于50~70 m,整体较小,该波长对应的频散关系较为敏感,较小的波长变化就会造成水深较大的改变,从而使得在海岛周边浅水区域和有限水深与深水区的交界处,受限于频散关系,反演率较低、误差较高。在未来,可以尝试使用更多较大波长的SAR数据来共同反演相同位置的水深,补充丢失反演点的水深,从而得到更高空间分辨率与精度的浅海地形。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51839002)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
BIAN X, SHAO Y, WANG S, et al. Shallow water depth retrieval from multitemporal sentinel-1 SAR data[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2018, 11(9): 2991-3000.
[2]
SANTOS D, ABREU T, SILVA P A, et al. Estimation of coastal bathymetry using wavelets[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2020, 8(10): 772.
[3]
CLOAREC M, ROEBER V, RANCHIN T, et al. Extraction of bathymetric features using multiple SAR images produced by Sentinel-1[C]//Sixth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment (RSCy2018). SPIE, 2018, 10773: 274-282.
[4]
PEREIRA P, BAPTISTA P, CUNHA T, et al. Estimation of the nearshore bathymetry from high temporal resolution Sentinel-1A C-band SAR data-A case study[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2019, 223: 166-178.
[5]
LEU L G, KUO Y Y, LIU C T. Coastal bathymetry from the wave spectrum of SPOT images[J]. Coastal Enginee-ring Journal, 1999, 41(1): 21-41.
[6]
HUANG L, MENG J, FAN C, et al. Shallow sea topography detection from multisource SAR satellites: A case study of dazhou island in china[J]. Remote Sensing, 2022, 14(20): 5184.
[7]
BIAN X L, SHAO Y, ZHANG C, et al. The feasibility of assessing swell-based bathymetry using SAR imagery from orbiting satellites[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote sensing, 2020, 168: 124-130.
[8]
HOLMAN R, MOREIRA A. Real-time synthetic aperture radar(SAR) processing with a new subaperture approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote sensing, 1992, 30(4): 714-722.
[9]
DE MICHELE M, LEPRINCE S, THIÉBOT J, et al. Direct measurement of ocean waves velocity field from a single SPOT-5 dataset[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2012, 119: 266-271.
[10]
BERGSMA E W J, ALMAR R, MAISONGRANDE P. Radonaugmented sentinel-2 satellite imagery to derive wavepatterns and regional bathymetry[J]. Remote Sensing, 2019, 11(16): 1918.
[11]
ALMAR R, BERGSMA E W J, THOUMYRE G, et al. Global satellitebased coastal bathymetry from waves[J]. Remote Sensing, 2021, 13(22): 4628.
[12]
BABA M W, THOUMYRE G, BERGSMA E W J, et al. Deriving largescale coastal bathymetry from Sentinel-2 images using an high-performance cluster: A case study covering North Africa's coastal zone[J]. Sensors, 2021, 21(21): 7006.
[13]
DALY C, BABA W, BERGSMA E, et al. The new era of regional coastal bathymetry from space: A showcase for west africa using optical sentinel-2 imagery[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2022, 278: 113084.
[14]
DE ZAN F, GUARNIERI A M. TOPSAR. Terrain observation by progressive scans[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2006, 44(9): 2352-2360.
[15]
LI X, LEHNER S, ROSENTHAL W. Investigation of ocean surface wave refraction using TerraSAR-X data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2009, 48(2):
[16]
WEATHERALL P, TOZER B, ARNDT J E, et al. The GEBCO_2021 Grida continuous terrain model of the global oceans and land[J]. 2021.
[17]
FERRO-FAMIL L, REIGBER A, POTTIER E, et al. Scene characterization using subaperture polarimetric SAR data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2003, 41(10): 2264-2276.
[18]
MOREIRA A. Real-time synthetic aperture radar(SAR)processing with a new subaperture approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote sensing, 1992, 30(4): 714-722.
[19]
ENGEN G, JOHNSEN H. SAR-ocean wave inversion using image cross spectra[J]. IEEE Transactions On Geoscience And Remote Sensing, 1995, 33(4): 1047-1056.
[20]
王海鹏, 金亚秋, 原利允. 多视SAR图像交叉谱虚部反演海浪信息[J]. 遥感信息, 2007 (5): 22-25.
[21]
CHEN Z, ZHANG B, KUDRYAVTSEV V, et al. Estimation of sea surface current from X-band marine radar images by cross-spectrum analysis[J]. Remote Sensing, 2019, 11(9): 1031.
[22]
JOHNSEN H, COLLARD F. Sentinel-1 ocean swell wave spectra (OSW) algorithm definition[J]. Sentinel-1 IPF Development (Project No.: 355) Report, 2009.
[23]
BOCCIA V, RENGA A, Rufino G, et al. Linear dispersion relation and depth sensitivity to swell parameters:application to synthetic aperture radar imaging and bathymetry[J]. The Scientific World Journal, 2015.
[24]
BOCCIA V, RENGA A, RUFINO G, et al. L-band SAR image processing for the determination of coastal bathymetry based on swell analysis[C]//2014 IEEE Geos-cience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2014:5144-5147.
[25]
冯士筰, 李凤岐, 李少菁. 海洋科学导论[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社,1999:182-207
[26]
CLOAREC M, ROEBER V, RANCHIN T, et al. Extraction of bathymetric features using multiple sar images produced by sentinel-1[C]//Sixth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment (RSCy2018). SPIE, 2018, 10773: 274-282.
[27]
AUGUSTO P D O E, JUNQUEIRA C P. On the use of ocean tide model driver, TMD, as a filter to recover reservoir signal from well test pressure history[C]//OTC 28020, 2017.
2024年第45卷第1期
PDF下载
106
43
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20231115002
  • 接收时间:2023-11-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-01-15
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-15
  • 修回日期:2023-12-04
基金
国家自然科学基金(51839002)
作者信息
    1自然资源部第一海洋研究所 青岛 266061
    2中国石油大学(华东)海洋与空间信息学院 青岛 266580

通讯作者:

孟俊敏(
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/CN/10.12347/j.ycyk.20231115002
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏