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Article(id=1241381051856113803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1241381046445470068, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12347/j.ycyk.20231025001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1698163200000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-25, revisedDate=1701187200000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773897906506, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1705248000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773897906506, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773897906506, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897906506, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241381046445470068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, year='2024', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='132', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773897905217, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773903111898, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241402884936495824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1241381046445470068, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241402884936495825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1241381046445470068, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=74, endPage=81, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241381052099383439, articleId=1241381051856113803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, language=EN, title=Research and Application of Bus Interaction Technology in Modular Missile-borne Telemetry and Control Equipment, columnId=1239133503154081962, journalTitle=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, columnName=TT & C Communication and Navigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

For a long time, the modular design has been the mainstream implementation method of missile-borne telemetry and control equipment. However, there is no uniform standard for information interaction between modules. The development unit defines it according to its own technical and signal characteristics. The way of definition directly affects or determines the difficulty of implementing missile-borne telemetry and control equipment. In order to develop an efficient internal interconnection technology for missile-borne telemetry and control equipment, so that the connection of modules is simpler and more efficient, and the degree of generalization is higher when the performance requirements of missile-borne telemetry and control equipment become more complex, this paper divides the missile-borne telemetry and control equipment into three core modules and function expansion modules,and defines an efficient module-level bus interface form and protocol. The bus includes the input and output of primary power supply, secondary power supply, and internal cross-linked signals. The signal interaction adopts the form of a half-duplex bus. Each module can access the bus online and edit the bus online. Through design and experimental verification, the bus design method simplifies the external interface of the missile-borne telemetry and control equipment, and enables convenient and efficient online generation of telemetry PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) code stream. The function expansion module can be freely added or reduced without increasing the hardware burden of the bus interface, making the missile-borne telemetry and control equipment highly versatile.

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长期以来，模块化设计一直是弹载测控设备主流的实现方法。然而，模块间的信息交互方式没有统一的标准，研制单位根据自身的技术特点、信号特征进行定义，其定义的方式直接影响或决定了弹载测控设备实现的难易程度。为研发一种高效的弹载测控设备内部互联技术，使得在弹载测控设备性能要求越来越复杂的当下，让模块的连接更简单更高效，通用化程度更高，本文从功能上及硬件上对弹载测控设备进行精细化架构划分，分成三大核心模块及功能扩展模块，并定义一种高效的模块级内总线接口形式及协议。总线包含一次供电、二次供电及内部交联信号的输入输出，信号的交互采用半双工总线形式，各模块均可在线访问总线，在线编辑总线。经设计与实验验证，采用该总线的设计方法使得弹载测控设备对外接口交互简单，在线生成遥测PCM（Pulse Code Modulation，脉冲编码调制）码流便捷高效，功能扩展模块可自由地叠加或减少，不增加总线接口的硬件负担，使得弹载测控设备通用化程度很高。

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马文超　1986年生，本科，高级工程师。

李玉亮　1981年生，硕士，研究员。

袁飞马　1979年生，本科，研究员。

聂荣　1990年生，本科，高级工程师。

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马文超　1986年生，本科，高级工程师。

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马文超　1986年生，本科，高级工程师。

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李玉亮　1981年生，硕士，研究员。

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李玉亮　1981年生，硕士，研究员。

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袁飞马　1979年生，本科，研究员。

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袁飞马　1979年生，本科，研究员。

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聂荣　1990年生，本科，高级工程师。

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聂荣　1990年生，本科，高级工程师。

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The design and implementation of a general data acquisition and transmission equipment[J]. Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, 2023, 44(2): 81-86., articleTitle=The design and implementation of a general data acquisition and transmission equipment, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241396550950245164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241396550958633773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, companyId=1241396550950245164, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=AVIC Jiangxi Hongdu Aviation Industry Group , Nanchang 330001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241396550962828078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, companyId=1241396550950245164, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396555492676558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=CN, label=图2, caption=模块化弹载测控设备接口分布图, figureFileSmall=bzTndt9GCAgDTZbzel1sVw==, figureFileBig=lrI4RegycY08zefLd+K6+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396555580756954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Hardware interface layout of missile based telemetry and control equipment, figureFileSmall=KCITstPBt/OoqPDzdyCmGQ==, figureFileBig=I5kebq/IY/FlhzYl53AjMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396555681420259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=CN, label=图3, caption=弹载测控设备硬件接口布局图, figureFileSmall=KCITstPBt/OoqPDzdyCmGQ==, figureFileBig=I5kebq/IY/FlhzYl53AjMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396555765306347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Telemetry internal bus transmission link diagram, figureFileSmall=0LZkEdYlC1Ajqs/BOaz9LA==, figureFileBig=sQSZBWi7v5fGn2JW0IhRtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396555891135475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=CN, label=图4, caption=遥测内总线传输链路图, figureFileSmall=0LZkEdYlC1Ajqs/BOaz9LA==, figureFileBig=sQSZBWi7v5fGn2JW0IhRtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396555987604474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Data transmission timing diagram, figureFileSmall=tuyWNUaTQnKK716O1y8MSw==, figureFileBig=8Fv9W23OK4Mqz11DrSNrkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396556092462080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=CN, label=图5, caption=数据传输时序图, 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caption=Implementation block diagram from host application layer to protocol layer, figureFileSmall=C0MmaUxo0fsw1g2HeRbRAg==, figureFileBig=Tl3aw1rSqnYQM7zNH9HBzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396558307053625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=CN, label=图9, caption=主机应用层到协议层实现框图, figureFileSmall=C0MmaUxo0fsw1g2HeRbRAg==, figureFileBig=Tl3aw1rSqnYQM7zNH9HBzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396558420299841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Implementation block diagram from machine application layer to protocol layer, figureFileSmall=KzUT21q5Po3XnHHi9KQPQA==, figureFileBig=dhpr62EPdp4p+3wNuLnduw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396558525157445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=CN, label=图10, caption=从机应用层到协议层实现框图, figureFileSmall=KzUT21q5Po3XnHHi9KQPQA==, figureFileBig=dhpr62EPdp4p+3wNuLnduw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396558650986570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Physical testing timing diagram, figureFileSmall=xtNSvemtpyTT9IGWpSOFFw==, figureFileBig=ICEyWSxY/j/5ikpytj935g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396558747455568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=CN, label=图11, caption=实物测试时序图, figureFileSmall=xtNSvemtpyTT9IGWpSOFFw==, figureFileBig=ICEyWSxY/j/5ikpytj935g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396558818758740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Expansion function module structure shell foundation constraint diagram, figureFileSmall=vd0X5a1qRnfM7kJbUz1TPg==, figureFileBig=0MnAa3ns27sOrSqsGVm+5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396558915227735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=CN, label=图12, caption=扩展功能模块结构外壳基础约束图, figureFileSmall=vd0X5a1qRnfM7kJbUz1TPg==, figureFileBig=0MnAa3ns27sOrSqsGVm+5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396559007502429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Dimensional constraints for the extension function module circuit board, figureFileSmall=bIlpeqLDwr0PbXyrS/mi+w==, figureFileBig=TnffHDkmCc5wxTzCdkqhZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396559129137254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=CN, label=图13, caption=扩展功能模块电路板尺寸约束图, figureFileSmall=bIlpeqLDwr0PbXyrS/mi+w==, figureFileBig=TnffHDkmCc5wxTzCdkqhZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396559221411948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=Expansion function module diagram after assembly, figureFileSmall=SKHdt2OVGOC792ig7U6n0g==, figureFileBig=XfZLUpWwOYLPwk5F1dWW0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396559288520817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=CN, label=图14, caption=组装后扩展功能模块图, figureFileSmall=SKHdt2OVGOC792ig7U6n0g==, figureFileBig=XfZLUpWwOYLPwk5F1dWW0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241396559380795510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Interface function list

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
接口编号类别功能要求接插件型号（遥测端）
TX1外部接口外部供电电源、模拟量信号输入、装订参数输入、装订反馈参
数及5 V、28 V二次电源输出		J30JZ/XLN100TJWA000
TX2外部接口外部模拟量信号输入，传感器供电输出J30J-74TJW-J
TXTX外部接口外部PAL模拟视频信号输入SMA-J
YCUSB外部接口供电输入；PCM、记录数据输出J30J-9ZKP
XY外部接口遥测射频信号输出SSMA系列
XA外部接口安控射频信号输入SSMA系列
J1A～J1F内部接口内部模块信息交互J56-20系列三通连接器
), ArticleFig(id=1241396559473070203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

接口功能列表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
接口编号类别功能要求接插件型号（遥测端）
TX1外部接口外部供电电源、模拟量信号输入、装订参数输入、装订反馈参
数及5 V、28 V二次电源输出		J30JZ/XLN100TJWA000
TX2外部接口外部模拟量信号输入，传感器供电输出J30J-74TJW-J
TXTX外部接口外部PAL模拟视频信号输入SMA-J
YCUSB外部接口供电输入；PCM、记录数据输出J30J-9ZKP
XY外部接口遥测射频信号输出SSMA系列
XA外部接口安控射频信号输入SSMA系列
J1A～J1F内部接口内部模块信息交互J56-20系列三通连接器
), ArticleFig(id=1241396559548567679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

J1A/J1C/J1D/J1E/J1F three-way input and output

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号定义解析
128 V二次电源用于功放模块等稳压供电，默认
228 V二次电源地能力1.7 A@28V
35 V二次电源
45 V二次电源用于功能模块的稳压供电，供电
55 V二次电源地能力4 A@5 V
65 V二次电源地
7功放使能信号TTL电平，参考地为5 V二次电
源地，用于遥测功放的使能控制
8功率输出电压遥测功放功率回采电压，0～5 V，
与5、6芯共地
9一次电源供电负
1
0		一次电源供电负外部输入的一次供电电源，供电
11一次电源供电正范围16～40 V
12一次电源供电正
13CLK_MLVDS_N内总线时钟差分电平负
14CLK_MLVDS_P内总线时钟差分电平正
15MTB（明文）TTL电平，PCM码流码同步信
号，给数据记录模块等
16DAT_MLVDS_N内总线时钟差分电平负
17PCM（明文）TTL电平，PCM码流数据，给数
据记录模块等
18DAT_MLVDS_L内总线时钟差分电平正
19采集通道0～35 V，用于遥测电池或超级电
容等电压的监测
20扩展芯线连接到遥测采编板的控制引脚，
双向通信，3.3 V电平
), ArticleFig(id=1241396559611482244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

J1A/J1C/J1D/J1E/J1F三通输入输出

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号定义解析
128 V二次电源用于功放模块等稳压供电，默认
228 V二次电源地能力1.7 A@28V
35 V二次电源
45 V二次电源用于功能模块的稳压供电，供电
55 V二次电源地能力4 A@5 V
65 V二次电源地
7功放使能信号TTL电平，参考地为5 V二次电
源地，用于遥测功放的使能控制
8功率输出电压遥测功放功率回采电压，0～5 V，
与5、6芯共地
9一次电源供电负
1
0		一次电源供电负外部输入的一次供电电源，供电
11一次电源供电正范围16～40 V
12一次电源供电正
13CLK_MLVDS_N内总线时钟差分电平负
14CLK_MLVDS_P内总线时钟差分电平正
15MTB（明文）TTL电平，PCM码流码同步信
号，给数据记录模块等
16DAT_MLVDS_N内总线时钟差分电平负
17PCM（明文）TTL电平，PCM码流数据，给数
据记录模块等
18DAT_MLVDS_L内总线时钟差分电平正
19采集通道0～35 V，用于遥测电池或超级电
容等电压的监测
20扩展芯线连接到遥测采编板的控制引脚，
双向通信，3.3 V电平
), ArticleFig(id=1241396559712145544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Protocol state definition

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序号协议状态协议定义备注
1空闲状态(A)DAT_MLVDS、CLK_MLVDS均为高电平
2数据传输启动状态(B)CLK_MLVDS为高电平，DAT_MLVDS由高电平变为低电平表示起始条件产生。起始条件必须先于所有
的命令产生。
3停止数据传输状态(C)CLK_MLVDS为高电平，DAT_MLVDS由低电平变为高电平表示停止条件。所有操作都必须以停止
条件结束。
4数据有效状态(D)(a)每次数据传输以起始条件开始、以停止条件结束，且起始条件和结束条件间传输
的数据字节数由遥测采编及调制解调模块决定；
(b)在起始条件之后，DAT_MLVDS在CLK_MLVDS保持高电平期间保持稳定，在
CLK_MLVDS为低电平期间可以改变DAT_MLVDS状态；
(c)一个数据位对应一个时钟脉冲。
), ArticleFig(id=1241396559808614541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

协议状态定义

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号协议状态协议定义备注
1空闲状态(A)DAT_MLVDS、CLK_MLVDS均为高电平
2数据传输启动状态(B)CLK_MLVDS为高电平，DAT_MLVDS由高电平变为低电平表示起始条件产生。起始条件必须先于所有
的命令产生。
3停止数据传输状态(C)CLK_MLVDS为高电平，DAT_MLVDS由低电平变为高电平表示停止条件。所有操作都必须以停止
条件结束。
4数据有效状态(D)(a)每次数据传输以起始条件开始、以停止条件结束，且起始条件和结束条件间传输
的数据字节数由遥测采编及调制解调模块决定；
(b)在起始条件之后，DAT_MLVDS在CLK_MLVDS保持高电平期间保持稳定，在
CLK_MLVDS为低电平期间可以改变DAT_MLVDS状态；
(c)一个数据位对应一个时钟脉冲。
), ArticleFig(id=1241396559917666448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

ID number allocation table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称ID号参数名称ID号
模拟量1~488'H41～8'H70数字量1~28'HE1, 8'HE2
), ArticleFig(id=1241396560009941140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381051856113803, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

ID号分配表

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参数名称ID号参数名称ID号
模拟量1~488'H41～8'H70数字量1~28'HE1, 8'HE2
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模块化弹载测控设备内总线交互技术研究与应用
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马文超 , 李玉亮 , 袁飞马 , 聂荣
遥测遥控 | 测控通信与导航 2024,45(1): 74-81
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遥测遥控 | 测控通信与导航 2024, 45(1): 74-81
模块化弹载测控设备内总线交互技术研究与应用
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马文超, 李玉亮, 袁飞马, 聂荣
作者信息
  • 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司　南昌　330001

    • 马文超　1986年生，本科，高级工程师。

    李玉亮　1981年生，硕士，研究员。

    袁飞马　1979年生，本科，研究员。

    聂荣　1990年生，本科，高级工程师。

Research and Application of Bus Interaction Technology in Modular Missile-borne Telemetry and Control Equipment
Wenchao MA, Yuliang LI, Feima YUAN, Rong Nie
Affiliations
  • AVIC Jiangxi Hongdu Aviation Industry Group , Nanchang 330001, China
出版时间: 2024-01-15 doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20231025001
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摘要
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长期以来，模块化设计一直是弹载测控设备主流的实现方法。然而，模块间的信息交互方式没有统一的标准，研制单位根据自身的技术特点、信号特征进行定义，其定义的方式直接影响或决定了弹载测控设备实现的难易程度。为研发一种高效的弹载测控设备内部互联技术，使得在弹载测控设备性能要求越来越复杂的当下，让模块的连接更简单更高效，通用化程度更高，本文从功能上及硬件上对弹载测控设备进行精细化架构划分，分成三大核心模块及功能扩展模块，并定义一种高效的模块级内总线接口形式及协议。总线包含一次供电、二次供电及内部交联信号的输入输出，信号的交互采用半双工总线形式，各模块均可在线访问总线，在线编辑总线。经设计与实验验证，采用该总线的设计方法使得弹载测控设备对外接口交互简单，在线生成遥测PCM（Pulse Code Modulation，脉冲编码调制）码流便捷高效，功能扩展模块可自由地叠加或减少，不增加总线接口的硬件负担，使得弹载测控设备通用化程度很高。

遥测  /  模块化  /  通用化  /  总线  /  可扩展  /  M-LVDS

For a long time, the modular design has been the mainstream implementation method of missile-borne telemetry and control equipment. However, there is no uniform standard for information interaction between modules. The development unit defines it according to its own technical and signal characteristics. The way of definition directly affects or determines the difficulty of implementing missile-borne telemetry and control equipment. In order to develop an efficient internal interconnection technology for missile-borne telemetry and control equipment, so that the connection of modules is simpler and more efficient, and the degree of generalization is higher when the performance requirements of missile-borne telemetry and control equipment become more complex, this paper divides the missile-borne telemetry and control equipment into three core modules and function expansion modules,and defines an efficient module-level bus interface form and protocol. The bus includes the input and output of primary power supply, secondary power supply, and internal cross-linked signals. The signal interaction adopts the form of a half-duplex bus. Each module can access the bus online and edit the bus online. Through design and experimental verification, the bus design method simplifies the external interface of the missile-borne telemetry and control equipment, and enables convenient and efficient online generation of telemetry PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) code stream. The function expansion module can be freely added or reduced without increasing the hardware burden of the bus interface, making the missile-borne telemetry and control equipment highly versatile.

Telemetry  /  Modular  /  General  /  Bus  /  Extendibility  /  M-LVDS
马文超, 李玉亮, 袁飞马, 聂荣. 模块化弹载测控设备内总线交互技术研究与应用. 遥测遥控, 2024 , 45 (1) : 74 -81 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20231025001
Wenchao MA, Yuliang LI, Feima YUAN, Rong Nie. Research and Application of Bus Interaction Technology in Modular Missile-borne Telemetry and Control Equipment[J]. Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, 2024 , 45 (1) : 74 -81 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20231025001
正文
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0　引言
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在飞行器地面试验及飞行试验中，弹载测控设备通过对反映飞行器运动信息、工作环境参数和飞行器内各系统工作状态的模拟量、数字量、视频图像等信息进行采集、编码、调制和无线下传，结合地面测控站对下传的遥测数据实时接收和存储，实现对试验过程的实时监控，为试验结果的分析与评定、故障分析及设计改进提供数据支撑[1]。
传统弹载测控设备根据各型号的具体需求进行定制化设计，针对性强，并且常由多个分设备组成，一般包括环境传感器、信号采编器、加密器、遥测发射机、遥测天线，接口关系和电缆网络复杂。目前，我国对于该类产品的实现方式受制于总体单位的特定要求，有分布式的采集方式、一体化的集成方式，更有单板化的实现方式，大多为专用化设备，未成体系[2]。
在航空航天事业的飞速发展、型号任务面临着时间紧、任务重的高强密度态势下，弹载测控设备模块化集成设计已然成为明显趋势[3]。因此，本文主要研究工作的目的是解决弹载测控设备内部功能模块的互联方法，提出一种弹载测控设备高效通用内总线交互技术，使得在弹载测控设备性能要求越来越复杂的当下，让模块的连接更简单更高效，通用化程度更高，以解决当前模块间的信息交互方式没有统一的标准的现状。本研究以通用化的硬件模块、软件架构为基础，通过灵活设置、自由组合以满足不同型号任务的应用场景，以共同的功能需求为基线组建基础功能模块，以扩展功能模块覆盖差异性需求，针对弹载测控设备提出通用化硬件设计、标准化总线结构，对提高测控设备的灵活性、产品质量和研制生产效率都有重要促进作用。通过仿真及实物验证可达到预期效果，对我国弹载测控通用化、模块化发展提供了有力支撑。
1　国内外发展现状
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弹载测控设备作为飞行器工作状态参数的实时记录者，对于飞行器测试、飞行试验结果的评定、故障定位与分析、健康监测和技术改进改型等都是不可或缺的存在。
随着现代航空航天飞行器的高速发展，信息化程度也越来越高，对弹载测控设备也提出了更加严苛的要求。弹载测控设备需朝着通用化、智能化、标准化、软件化方向发展，以适应航天器日益复杂、多变的功能需求。
目前，美国已针对综合电子系统提出了航天通用模块化架构(SUMA，Space Universal Modular Architecture)，通过建立标准规范实现航天器电子系统开发成本和研制周期降低的目的，并在此基础上建立空间即插即用体系架构(SPA，Space Plug-and-play Architecture)，通过标准的软硬件接口和产品实现系统服务的按需加载和自主配置[4]。同时，模块化设计也是现代标准化的核心和前沿，是标准化原理在信息时代应用上的发展[5]。
弹载测控设备开展模块化设计一方面可大幅度缩短设备的研制周期，解决时间紧、任务重的矛盾难题，并可将设计人员从繁重的重复设计中解放出来，以便能更好地参与其它科研生产任务；另一方面通过模块化设计，不同型号的弹载测控设备由相应的功能模块组合而成，各功能模块在多型号中充分应用和验证，可有效降低定制化设备验证、试验所需经费，并且各功能模块的功能性能指标也在不断迭代中完善，设备可靠性稳定提升；同时通过对故障功能模块的快速更换，可提高设备故障诊断效率和设备的可维修性。
弹载测控设备模块化设计思路的普及应用能够根据不同型号的应用场景按需选装所需的功能模块，为设备的功能重构、故障恢复能力奠定坚实基础，可有力带动通用化、系列化、组合化弹载遥测设备的快速发展，实现弹载遥测设备产品化的货架管理模式，实现经济效益最大化。
为贯彻模块化设计思路，弹载测控设备需摒弃传统弹载测控设备根据各型号需求定制化的研制模式[6]，解决不同型号弹载测控设备技术状态差异大、型号间设备移植性差的问题。首先，通过将各型号的不同需求进行详细分解和归纳异同，以共同的功能需求为基线创建基础功能模块、以差异的功能需求为基线创建扩展功能模块，并保证各功能模块功能不交叉、不重叠；其次，硬件设计上规范接口、统一结构，保障各功能模块灵活接入；最后软件定义上进行在轨重构、升级、维护设计，最终实现一种开放、兼容的顶层架构，满足多样化应用需求。
2　弹载测控设备架构设计
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通过对弹载测控设备在电路上进行共用、复用设计，以有效降低电子元器件数量、空间支出。
通过将遥测调制发射、安控接收与解调、遥测信号采集、编码、参数装订等内部信息交互紧密的功能单元进行集成设计，形成独立功能模块，名为遥测采编及调制解调模块。
根据不同型号遥测天线布局数量及各通道输出功率的差异性，为实现调制后S频段遥测射频信号单通道或多通道输出、大小输出功率的灵活配置输出，将遥测射频信号功率放大输出功能形成独立功能模块，名为功放模块；根据不同型号安控天线布局数量的差异性，为实现L频段安控射频信号无线单通道或多通道接收的灵活配置，将安控射频信号放大并滤波输出的功能形成独立功能模块，名为LNA模块。考虑到当前靶场试验安全控制要求，弹载测控设备一般需具备被动安控功能，因此将功放模块、LNA模块两个独立模块在结构上一体化整合，形成遥测功放及LNA模块。
为实现弹载测控设备电源的相对独立性，供电电源的选择、供电电源品质处理及二次电源转换形成独立功能模块，名为遥测应急供电处理模块。
综上，可将弹载测控设备划分为遥测采编与调制解调模块、遥测供电处理模块、遥测功放及LNA模块三大核心模块，如涉及到功能的扩展，则可通过功能扩展模块的叠加来实现。功能扩展模块主要包括图像处理模块、记录回放模块、传感器调理模块、特殊接口转接模块等，扩展模块根据总体型号实际需求进行选配。为实现遥测采编及解调模块、遥测功放及LNA模块、遥测应急供电处理模块三个基础功能模块及叠加组合的扩展功能模块的互联互通，提出基于内总线的模块级信息互联技术，实现叠层一体化架构下各功能模块间信号的互通，同时为功能模块的扩展或裁剪提供自由空间。架构组成如图1所示。
3　接口设计
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弹载测控设备的接口包括对外接口及内部接口两部分。其原则为通过内部接口的优化设计使得外部接口简单可靠。如图2所示为某型产品的内外部接口布局方式。接口功能分配如表1所示。其接口在设备上的分布如图3所示。
如图3所示，J1A-J1F等内部接口均存在于模块组合后形成的产品内部，使得外部的接口简单明了。内部采用20芯的J56系列三通连接器实现各模块的叠加互通。其芯线定义如表2所示。
表2中，内部各模块均通过该内部接口实现二次供电及信息的交互。除PCM(明文)及MTB(明文)专用遥测PCM信号外，信息交互主要通过13、14芯及16、18芯组成的自定义通信总线实现，该总线采用M-LVDS(多点低压差分信号)总线接口实现，该总线支持双向半双工通信，支持多达32个节点，本文命名为遥测帧内总线。
表2中CLK_MLVDS、DAT_MLVDS引脚为双向差分通信线路，DAT_MLVDS用于将地址和数据的输入/输出；CLK_MLVDS引脚用于提供数据传输所需的同步时钟。
各扩展模块均通过该遥测帧内总线实现与遥测采编模块的信息互通。传输方式如图4所示。
根据数据传输信息特点，制定了遥测帧内总线协议如表3所示。数据传输时序如图5所示。
数据传输工作流程为：遥测采编及调制解调模块作为主控模块在DAT_MLVDS总线上首先输出1位起始位和1个字节的控制字节，该控制字节中高4位为控制码，若4位控制码设置为“1010”表示进行读操作；控制字节中低4位为片选码(A3、A2、A1、A0)，用于选择最多16个扩展功能模块，如需扩展更多功能模块则增加控制字节的位宽即可，此时遥测采编及调制解调模块中控制寄存器内装订的片选码必须与组合中扩展功能模块的ID号一致。每一个被寻址的扩展功能模块接收到相应的控制字节后，在第9个时钟周期将确认信号输出至DAT_MLVDS，此时遥测采编及调制解调模块需提供一个额外的时钟以传输确认信号，并且在确认时钟脉冲内，扩展功能模块确认需拉低CLK_MLVDS电平；在确认时钟的高电平期间，DAT_MLVDS需保持稳定的低电平。遥测采编及调制解调模块接收到确认位后立即产生起始条件，并再次发送控制字节及参数ID字节，被选中的扩展功能模块对每一个参数ID字节进行确认，并将参数ID字节锁存在内部寄存器中，同时产生确认ACK。被选中的扩展功能模块确认后根据参数ID字节输出8位参数数据字节。遥测采编及调制解调模块不对传输的参数数据字节作确认，但会产生停止条件，扩展功能模块接收到停止条件后即刻停止数据发送。数据获取时序如图6所示。
参数ID为8位，每个模拟量、数字量分配相互独立的ID号。控制字节及参数ID分配情况如图7所示。
考虑建立时间和保持时间，读操作期间遥测采编及调制解调模块须发送一个结束信号给扩展功能模块，而不是在扩展功能模块输出最后一个数据字节之后产生一个确认位。这种情况下，扩展功能模块将释放DAT_MLVDS为高电平，从而使遥测采编及调制解调模块产生停止条件。确认时序如图8所示。
遥测采编扩展模块需提前按模拟量最高采样率实时对参数完成采集、转换，将转换后的8位参数数据在寄存器内实时寄存、更新。当对应参数ID字节命令受令时则直接将8位参数数据输出至DAT总线。对于串口邮包数据，遥测采编扩展模块将数据在FIFO中缓存，缓存区深度大于2个邮包数据长度，当对应参数ID字节命令受领时，直接将参数数据输出至DAT总线。该过程中需判断帧头和邮包长度，当一个邮包结束，FIFO缓冲区深度不足一个邮包时则填充固定值55H，直到满足一个邮包的长度。
遥测采编及调制解调模块需在对应参数波道下提前一个波道发送参数数据获取命令，并在一个波道内将参数数据获取到，并在实时位置将数据插入至遥测帧格式中相应位置上，不得缓存。
4　技术实现与验证
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以某型号为例，三大核心模块外，外接遥测采编扩展模块、图像处理模块两大扩展模块。该两个模块均需要在规定的时间周期内将相应的数据放置在DAT_MLVDS等待遥测组帧的提取。
遥测采编扩展模块共完成48路模拟量的采集及2路数字量的采集，最终输出至遥测采编模块，该模块编号为4'B0001，为其每一个参数分配ID号，如表4所示。
图像处理模块主要完成1路视频信号的采集，最终输出1路数字量给遥测采编模块：4'B0010，为该路数字量编号：8'H01。
通过以上信息的确认，则将各类遥测帧参数的控制字节及参数ID进行了分配。
遥测帧内总线从应用层到协议层主要区分主机（遥测采编及调制解调模块）和从机（遥测采编扩展模块等）。主机应用层到协议层实现方式如图9所示：
从机应用层到协议层实现方式如图10所示。
主机会在遥测组帧程序中为每一个扩展模块的相应参数配置唯一的帧波道位置，当PCM实时帧同步到的当前位置为扩展模块的某个参数时，则该时刻的参数需提前准备，以便遥测帧能够直接插入到遥测波道中。根据本遥测帧内总线特点，提前2个遥测帧字宽度的时长开始往内总线驱动程序传送ctrword[11∶0]控制字及参数ID，内总线驱动程序根据CLK时钟速率将控制字及参数ID转成串行输出至DAT线上，必须在一个遥测字宽度内传输完毕，以便从机在下一个遥测帧字宽度内传输控制字及参数ID，根据控制字使能需要控制的扩展模块，该扩展模块根据DAT线上的串行数据按CLK时钟时序提取参数ID，并提取相关已准备好的参数的数据，向总线发布参数数据，即提前1个遥测帧字宽度的时长完成以上工作，保证了在遥测当前帧可取的相应扩展模块参数的数据。为保证控制字及参数ID能在一个遥测帧字宽度的时长内，必须将遥测帧内总线时钟（CLK）设置成大于3倍的当前遥测码速率。对于导弹而言，目前最大遥测码速率为10 Mbps，则CLK时钟至少需满足30 Mbps，本系统采用的M-LVDS总线收发器可支持30 Mbps以上的遥测码速率，可满足PCM-FM体制下遥测PCM未来发展需求。
从机模拟量采集模块按最高采集频率量化为48通道的数据并转成384位的并行数据全速往内总线驱动程序发送数据。内总线驱动程序根据预定的ID值给每一个模拟量数据配置相关的ID号，根据收到ctrword里的ID值匹配相关模拟量的采集值，最终将该采集值按CLK时钟频率向总线上传送具体数据。
数字量采集程序根据取数使能信号向数字量8位并行总线上发送数据，当使能信号来临而数字量数据未准备好时，则直接填充数值8'H55，通过该种方式很好地解决了扩展模块数字量与主机遥测站异步数据浮动插帧的问题。具体实现时的时序图，如图11所示。
为贯彻弹载测控设备模块化设计原则，需对各功能模块结构进行标准化约束。为兼容现有基础功能模块，将扩展功能模块外形尺寸约束为58 mm×88 mm，并约束扩展功能模块电路板安装台高度3 mm，且J56型总线连接器在电路板上焊接固定后插孔端突出结构壳体2～4 mm以保证有效插合，模块最终高度则以15 mm及15 mm的倍数为标准高度。扩展模块结构外壳基础约束示意如图12所示。同时约束扩展功能模块电路板外形尺寸及J56型总线连接器安装位置，电路板约束示意如图13所示。模块外壳及模块电路板均经过标准化设计，组装形成的扩展功能模块示意如图14所示。各模块叠层的最大高度≤200 mm，当确需>200 mm时则可考虑两组叠层，再以外部中转互联方式实现总线的互通。
5　结束语
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为实现弹载测控设备的模块化、智能化、系列化，本文提出了基于内总线的模块级信息互联技术，通过该技术使得模块化互联简单易行，基于模块级数据在线组帧同样简单高效，通过多个工程型号的实际应用验证，该设备以高效的总线技术和通用化的硬件模块、软件架构为基石构建形成了一种模块化的弹载测控设备，为实现航天器整体高标准、高质量、高效率、高效益的研制提供了有力的技术支撑。
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doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20231025001
  • 接收时间：2023-10-25
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2024-01-15
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  • 收稿日期：2023-10-25
  • 修回日期：2023-11-29
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    江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司　南昌　330001
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