Article(id=1241381048400015762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1241381046445470068, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12347/j.ycyk.20221008001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1665158400000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-08, revisedDate=1701014400000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773897905683, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1705248000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773897905683, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773897905683, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897905683, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241381046445470068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, year='2024', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='132', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773897905217, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773903111898, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241402884936495824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1241381046445470068, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241402884936495825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1241381046445470068, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=54, endPage=59, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241381048748143009, articleId=1241381048400015762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, language=EN, title=Research on High Precision Satellite Navigation Anti-interference Algorithm under Multiple Flicker Interferences, columnId=1239133503154081962, journalTitle=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, columnName=TT & C Communication and Navigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The traditional satellite navigation antijamming high-precision algorithm is only suitable for processing stable interference signals, which is difficult to adapt to the multiple disordered pulsed flicker interferences environment. Based on the idea of interference covariance matrix reconstruction, this paper proposes a new highprecision antiinterference algorithm that is suitable for multiple flicker interferences environment and carries out simulation analysis. Firstly, the direction of interferences is calculated by using compress sensing with one snapshot. Secondly, the interference plus noise covariance matrix is reconstructed. Thirdly, antenna array beamforming with one snapshot is realized by using an adaptive beam constraint algorithm. Finally, the new algorithm forms nulls in the direction of interferences and forms a beam in the direction of satellite navigation signals. Compared with the traditional algorithm, the new algorithm calculates antiinterference weight with only one snapshot and is suitable for fast timevarying multiple flicker interferences environment. The simulation results show that the new algorithm can effectively reduce multiple flicker interferences and maintain a beam in the direction of satellite navigation signals to ensure the observation accuracy meets the requirements of highprecision satellite navigation.

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传统卫星导航抗干扰高精度算法只适用于处理平稳的干扰信号,难以适应无序脉冲组成的多重闪烁干扰环境。本文基于干扰协方差矩阵重建思想,提出一种新的适用于多重闪烁干扰环境下的卫星导航高精度抗干扰算法并进行仿真对比分析。通过压缩感知完成单采样点干扰测向,使用干扰噪声矩阵重建理论构造协方差矩阵,使用自适应波束约束算法实现单采样点天线阵列波束赋形,最终实现在干扰方向形成固定零陷,在卫星方向形成波束指向。与传统波束约束高精度抗干扰算法相比,该算法可以实现单采样点抗干扰权值计算,适用于快时变多重闪烁干扰环境。仿真结果证明:该算法可以在有效滤除多重闪烁干扰信号的同时在卫星导航信号方向维持波束指向,保障卫星导航信号观测精度,满足高精度卫星导航需求。

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高志刚 1971年生,硕士,高级工程师。

高立朝 1988年生,硕士,高级工程师。

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高志刚 1971年生,硕士,高级工程师。

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高立朝 1988年生,硕士,高级工程师。

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Interference sources location

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
干扰源序号方向角/(°)俯仰角/(°)
100
22025
34050
46075
580100
660125
740150
820175
90200
1020225
1140250
1260275
1380300
1460325
), ArticleFig(id=1241396555392021183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241381048400015762, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

干扰源位置分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
干扰源序号方向角/(°)俯仰角/(°)
100
22025
34050
46075
580100
660125
740150
820175
90200
1020225
1140250
1260275
1380300
1460325
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多重闪烁干扰下高精度卫星导航算法研究
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高志刚 1 , 高立朝 2
遥测遥控 | 测控通信与导航 2024,45(1): 54-59
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遥测遥控 | 测控通信与导航 2024, 45(1): 54-59
多重闪烁干扰下高精度卫星导航算法研究
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高志刚1, 高立朝2
作者信息
  • 1中国人民解放军93216部队 北京 100085
  • 2北京遥测技术研究所 北京 100076
  • 高志刚 1971年生,硕士,高级工程师。

    高立朝 1988年生,硕士,高级工程师。

Research on High Precision Satellite Navigation Anti-interference Algorithm under Multiple Flicker Interferences
Zhigang GAO1, Lichao GAO2
Affiliations
  • 1.93216 Troops, PLA, Beijing 100085
  • 2.Beijing Research Institute of Telemetry, Beijing 100076
出版时间: 2024-01-15 doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20221008001
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传统卫星导航抗干扰高精度算法只适用于处理平稳的干扰信号,难以适应无序脉冲组成的多重闪烁干扰环境。本文基于干扰协方差矩阵重建思想,提出一种新的适用于多重闪烁干扰环境下的卫星导航高精度抗干扰算法并进行仿真对比分析。通过压缩感知完成单采样点干扰测向,使用干扰噪声矩阵重建理论构造协方差矩阵,使用自适应波束约束算法实现单采样点天线阵列波束赋形,最终实现在干扰方向形成固定零陷,在卫星方向形成波束指向。与传统波束约束高精度抗干扰算法相比,该算法可以实现单采样点抗干扰权值计算,适用于快时变多重闪烁干扰环境。仿真结果证明:该算法可以在有效滤除多重闪烁干扰信号的同时在卫星导航信号方向维持波束指向,保障卫星导航信号观测精度,满足高精度卫星导航需求。

高精度  /  抗干扰  /  闪烁干扰

The traditional satellite navigation antijamming high-precision algorithm is only suitable for processing stable interference signals, which is difficult to adapt to the multiple disordered pulsed flicker interferences environment. Based on the idea of interference covariance matrix reconstruction, this paper proposes a new highprecision antiinterference algorithm that is suitable for multiple flicker interferences environment and carries out simulation analysis. Firstly, the direction of interferences is calculated by using compress sensing with one snapshot. Secondly, the interference plus noise covariance matrix is reconstructed. Thirdly, antenna array beamforming with one snapshot is realized by using an adaptive beam constraint algorithm. Finally, the new algorithm forms nulls in the direction of interferences and forms a beam in the direction of satellite navigation signals. Compared with the traditional algorithm, the new algorithm calculates antiinterference weight with only one snapshot and is suitable for fast timevarying multiple flicker interferences environment. The simulation results show that the new algorithm can effectively reduce multiple flicker interferences and maintain a beam in the direction of satellite navigation signals to ensure the observation accuracy meets the requirements of highprecision satellite navigation.

High precision  /  Anti-interference  /  Flicker interference
高志刚, 高立朝. 多重闪烁干扰下高精度卫星导航算法研究. 遥测遥控, 2024 , 45 (1) : 54 -59 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20221008001
Zhigang GAO, Lichao GAO. Research on High Precision Satellite Navigation Anti-interference Algorithm under Multiple Flicker Interferences[J]. Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, 2024 , 45 (1) : 54 -59 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20221008001
在干扰环境下实现卫星导航高精度定位对卫星导航精密进近、无人机协同组网编队、无人驾驶等高新科技发展均有着重要意义[1-3]。当前对干扰环境下卫星导航高精度定位的研究,多数均假设外界干扰信号是平稳信号,在此基础上通过对阵列抗干扰加以波束约束,实现抗干扰过程中卫星导航信号低失真,确保抗干扰后卫星导航信号观测量精度满足高精度定位需求[4-9]。然而,在实际应用环境中,脉冲类非平稳干扰信号不可忽略,例如机场存在的无序脉冲信号[10,11]。本文着重研究由多个无序脉冲干扰组成的多重闪烁干扰环境下的卫星导航高精度定位技术,采用基于压缩感知[12]的单采样点干扰测向技术完成干扰噪声矩阵重建[13],通过对重建矩阵施加波束约束,实现抗多重闪烁干扰的同时,保障卫星导航信号观测量精度,实现多重闪烁干扰环境下的高精度卫星导航定位。
组成多重闪烁干扰的多个无序脉冲干扰大多属于无意干扰[11-13],此类干扰的特点是脉冲占空比彼此独立且分布无规律。基于这一特点,对干扰信号进行以下建模假设:
① 同一时刻同时存在的干扰总数低于抗干扰天线阵列个数;
② 干扰信号间彼此独立;
③ 干扰信号相对抗干扰天线阵列满足远场假设和窄带假设;
④ 干扰信号与卫星信号彼此独立。
此时多重闪烁干扰表现为:干扰分布随时间快速变化。传统阵列抗干扰算法或者采用迭代LMS(最小均方)方式实现,或者采用直接SMI(样本矩阵求逆)实现。对迭代LMS方式,干扰分布随时间快速变化将导致迭代难以收敛,从而无法在干扰来向上形成固定零陷滤除干扰。对直接矩阵求逆SMI方式,数据协方差矩阵使用长时间统计值进行估计,可能出现统计时间段内干扰个数超过阵列阵元个数,从而导致抗干扰算法失效。
干扰噪声矩阵重建技术通过干扰来向重建数据协方差矩阵,在通信抗干扰领域有着广泛的应用。本文使用压缩感知单采样点干扰测向获得干扰来向,结合干扰噪声矩阵重建技术重建抗干扰协方差矩阵,通过增加波束约束,实现了多重闪烁干扰下的高精度卫星导航。对7阵元天线阵列仿真分析验证了该算法可以在同时存在14个干信比为90 dB的闪烁干扰环境下,保障卫星导航信号观测量精度的有效性。
对多重闪烁干扰阵列信号进行数据建模。假设抗干扰天线阵列为N个天线单元组成的均匀圆形阵列,相对天线阵在空间远场分布有M个脉冲干扰源(M>N),同一时刻有O个干扰源向外播发干扰信号(O<N)。第m个干扰源相对抗干扰天线的来向角为:方位角θm,俯仰角φm,其中Mm≥1。则天线阵在t时刻接收到第m个干扰源的阵列信号JmN×1维列矢量,如下式所示:
式中,Am(t)为干扰信号幅度,(dx,dy)为天线阵元相对天线参考主阵元在xyz坐标系下的位置分布,均为N×1维列矢量。
定义N×1维方向矢量为,则干扰信号可以写为:
假设某一卫星导航信号的来向角为:方位角θs,俯仰角φs,则天线阵采集卫星导航信号获得的阵列信号S可以写为
式中,As(t)为卫星导航信号在t采样时刻的幅度,同样卫星导航阵列信号为N×1维列矢量。定义N×1维列矢量N为天线阵列采集得到的环境热噪声,则在t采样时刻,天线阵列信号X可以写为:
阵列抗干扰算法是寻找一组1×N维抗干扰加权值,使得阵列信号加权累加后输出信号功率最少:
可以发现上式是无约束凸优化问题,可以通过凸优化理论求解抗干扰权值。阵列信号的协方差矩阵Rxx可写为:
式中,σsσmσn分别为卫星导航信号、第m个干扰信号以及噪声信号的功率,IN×N维单位阵。由于卫星导航信号功率远低于噪声信号功率,可以忽略卫星导航信号。
阵列抗干扰通过信号子空间分解,将协方差矩阵分为干扰信号子空间和噪声子空间[14],利用噪声子空间与干扰信号子空间彼此正交的原理,从噪声子空间中提取抗干扰加权值,使得抗干扰加权值与所有干扰信号来向方向矢量正交,在多个干扰来向方向上形成固定零陷,达到滤除干扰的目的。干扰信号子空间由干扰信号的来向方向矢量张成:V=span({B(θmφm)})。通常阵列抗干扰处理使用时间统计平均值作为阵列协方差矩阵的估计值。当统计时长内,有N个以上干扰源播发了干扰信号时,由于干扰信号彼此之间独立,此时干扰信号方向矢量张成的干扰子空间秩为N,噪声子空间为空,即干扰个数超过了阵列抗干扰自由度,导致干扰无法被完全滤除。
本文研究的正是在空间存在超过抗干扰自由度个数的闪烁干扰时,如何滤除干扰,保障卫星导航观测量精度,实现高精度卫星导航定位。
分析多重闪烁干扰特点,虽然多重闪烁干扰在长时间内干扰个数会超过抗干扰自由度,但在少量乃至单个采样点时,同时存在的闪烁干扰个数少于抗干扰自由度。因此,如果能够使用单个采样点获得阵列协方差矩阵,便可以实现单采样点下的波束指向和干扰滤除。基于这一思想,本文提出多重闪烁干扰下高精度卫星导航算法。
Donoho提出的压缩感知理论[12]证明:如果一个信号具备稀疏性,则可用基于完备字典实现低于奈奎斯特采样速率的信号恢复。这一理论被迅速应用于测向领域,其最大的优点之一是可以从单个采样观测样本中恢复出信号来向[15]
通过对空间进行网格划分,所有网格点上的方向矢量组成N×K维方向矢量完备字典矩阵CK为网格点数,当网格间隔足够小时,可以忽略网格误差。此时在t采样时刻,天线阵列信号X可以写为:
式中,K×1维列矢量s(t)为索引矢量,该矢量只在干扰来向方向存在非零值。由于干扰源在空间的分布是稀疏的,在数学上表现为:。因此,可以通过压缩感知原理,构建稀疏最优化问题:被求解的s(t)应当同时满足估计误差能量最小和估计量最稀疏两个条件,即:
式中,为估计量l0范数,意为中非零元素的个数,表征稀疏度;λ为权重因子,用于调节估计误差和稀疏的权值分布。该稀疏最优化问题为非凸优化问题。一种常用的求解方式是采用l1范数代替l0范数,通过放松稀疏约束,将非凸优化问题转化为凸优化问题求解,可取得很好的测向效果[16]。此时干扰测向问题可写为:
式中,β2的数值由环境噪声能量上界确定。求解得到的中非零值对应的完备字典中的方向矢量即干扰方向矢量。
Rocca对单采样点压缩感知干扰测向的性能进行了充分的仿真分析[15],采用单采样点压缩感知算法,干扰信号为BPSK调制,干信比为20 dB,进行100次蒙特卡洛仿真测试。干扰个数为2时,测向误差优于0.27°;干扰个数为4时,测向误差优于0.39°。
获得干扰来向方向矢量后,干扰协方差矩阵可以使用干扰幅度估计结果和干扰方向矢量求解得到:
在干扰协方差矩阵的基础上叠加噪声协方差矩阵,得到满秩的干扰噪声协方差矩阵:
此时,干扰噪声协方差矩阵中干扰个数不超过阵列抗干扰自由度。对满秩的干扰噪声协方差矩阵进行特征值分解,将其分解为干扰信号子空间和噪声子空间:
由于干扰互不相关,干扰来向个数O即为干扰信号子空间特征值个数。将特征值由大到小顺序排列,前O个特征值组成的对角线矩阵Λj及其对应特征矢量矩阵Uj组成干扰信号子空间,同理可得噪声信号子空间Rn=UnΛnUnH。由于干扰信号子空间与噪声信号子空间彼此正交,因此由Rn中正交基矢量线性组成的任意矢量,均与干扰信号子空间正交,也即与干扰来向方向矢量正交。
通过重建干扰噪声协方差获取噪声信号子空间后,使用传统的波束指向抗干扰处理,可以实现在干扰方向形成零陷的同时,在卫星方向形成波束,保障卫星导航信号观测量精度满足高精度导航定位需求。此时抗干扰加权值即为卫星导航信号来向矢量在噪声信号子空间中的投影:
抗干扰输出结果Y(t)为:
由于WB(θsφs)=1,WB(θmφm)=0,抗干扰输出可写为:
此时抗干扰输出仅包含无失真的卫星导航信号和环境热噪声,因此信号观测量质量满足高精度导航定位需求。
综上,多重闪烁干扰下高精度抗干扰算法流程如图1所示。
图1中具体包括以下6个步骤:
① 通过天线阵列获得阵列采样信号和环境热噪声功率值;
② 采用公式(9)获得干扰来向和干扰幅度估计值;
③ 采用公式(10)和公式(11)获得干扰噪声协方差重建矩阵;
④ 采用公式(12)获得噪声子空间;
⑤ 采用公式(13)计算抗干扰加权值;
⑥ 采用公式(14)计算抗干扰输出结果,用于高精度卫星导航定位。
以当前通用的7阵元圆形阵列为例进行仿真分析。空间中共分布有14个干扰源,干扰源随机开启关闭,每个采样点最多有6个干扰信号同时开启,在256个采样点内14个干扰源至少开启一次,干扰信号干信比均为90 dB。干扰源在空间均匀分布,干扰源来向分布如表1所示。
导航信号选择北斗三号B3I民码信号,信噪比为-30 dB,卫星导航来向为垂直入射。对比卫星导航领域当前常用阵列抗干扰算法与新算法的抗干扰输出结果,其仿真结果如图2所示。
图2中,传统波束指向算法抗干扰输出信号功率仍在环境噪声功率60 dB以上,其原因在于256个采样点对应协方差矩阵中干扰个数远超阵列抗干扰自由度,导致干扰无法被有效滤除。与传统算法相比,新算法输出信号功率与环境噪声功率相当,表明新算法可以将多重闪烁干扰有效滤除至环境噪声以下。
从256个采样点中随机挑选单个采样点,对应干扰分布和新算法抗干扰加权值方向图分别如图3图4所示,传统波束抗干扰算法抗干扰加权值如图5所示。
图4图5相比,结果表明:传统波束指向算法,由于干扰个数超过抗干扰自由度,导致其抗干扰加权值无法在方向图上对所有干扰形成固定零陷,从而出现抗干扰性能下降,导致干扰无法有效滤除的问题。新算法采用单采样点更新抗干扰权值,在每个采样点上,对相应干扰上均形成了固定零陷,从而实现了干扰滤除,同时在所有采样点上始终维持了卫星来向方向波束指向,保障了卫星导航信号观测量精度,满足高精度卫星导航定位需求。
本文通过对多重闪烁干扰进行数学建模分析,提出一种在多重闪烁干扰下实现高精度卫星导航的抗干扰算法。通过仿真分析对该算法进行了性能测试,结果表明:对于7阵元天线阵,该算法可以有效滤除14个闪烁干扰信号(同一采样点最多存在6个闪烁干扰),干扰滤除能力在90 dB以上,同时在卫星导航信号方向始终维持波束指向,保障了卫星导航信号观测量精度,满足高精度卫星导航定位需求。该算法进一步拓展了高精度抗干扰卫星导航应用范围,在非时间平稳电磁环境下实现了高精度抗干扰,进一步提高了卫星导航、无人机编队、无人驾驶的卫星导航稳健性,对卫星导航高精度抗干扰市场化应用有着重要意义。
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doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20221008001
  • 接收时间:2022-10-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-08
  • 修回日期:2023-11-27
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    1中国人民解放军93216部队 北京 100085
    2北京遥测技术研究所 北京 100076
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