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Article(id=1241060182877328072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1241060178263601474, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12347/j.ycyk.20231123002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1700668800000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-23, revisedDate=1701360000000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773821405381, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773821405381, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773821405381, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773821405381, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241060178263601474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, year='2024', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='123', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773821404281, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773821891324, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241062221128724613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1241060178263601474, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241062221128724614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1241060178263601474, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=83, endPage=88, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241060183196095187, articleId=1241060182877328072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, language=EN, title=Compressing and Transmission Method of Common-view Data Based on BDS-3 Short Message, columnId=1239133503154081962, journalTitle=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, columnName=TT & C Communication and Navigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Common-view time transfer involves exchanging the common-view data of two locations to complete long-distance and high-precision time comparison. This paper proposes a method for compressing and transmitting common-view data based on Beidou short message for areas without ground communication network. The method compresses the common-view data and uses the short message function of Beidou to transmit the compressed data in real time. A comparison test has been conducted in an area without a ground communication network. The test results demonstrate that the common-view data compression method designed in this paper has a significant compression effect and can achieve real-time common-view time transfer without a ground network through Beidou short message.

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共视时间比对通过交换两地共视数据完成远距离高精度的时间比对。针对无地面通信网地区，本文提出了一种基于北斗短报文的共视数据压缩传输方法，该方法通过将共视数据进行压缩，利用北斗的短报文功能对压缩后的共视数据进行实时传输，在无地面通信网的地区进行了共视时间比对试验。试验结果表明，本文设计的共视数据压缩方法具有较好的压缩效果，可以通过北斗短报文实现无地面通信网的情况下的实时共视时间比对。

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杜文丛 1994年生，硕士，工程师。

刘岩 1978年生，硕士，副研究员。

陈旭东 1986年生，硕士，助理研究员。

韩华 1987年生，硕士，高级工程师。

刘铁强 1984年生，硕士，高级工程师。

冯佳琪 1994年生，硕士，工程师。

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杜文丛 1994年生，硕士，工程师。

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杜文丛 1994年生，硕士，工程师。

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刘岩 1978年生，硕士，副研究员。

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刘岩 1978年生，硕士，副研究员。

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陈旭东 1986年生，硕士，助理研究员。

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陈旭东 1986年生，硕士，助理研究员。

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韩华 1987年生，硕士，高级工程师。

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韩华 1987年生，硕士，高级工程师。

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刘铁强 1984年生，硕士，高级工程师。

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刘铁强 1984年生，硕士，高级工程师。

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冯佳琪 1994年生，硕士，工程师。

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冯佳琪 1994年生，硕士，工程师。

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1, caption=

List of Beidou common-view file parameters

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参数含义
SAT卫星的伪随机码编号
CL固定FF
MJD跟踪卫星的起始日期
STTIME跟踪卫星的起始时刻，其中hh代表小时，mm代表分
钟，ss代表秒
TRKL实际跟踪长度780 s（13 min）
ELV实际跟踪长度中点对应的卫星仰角，单位0.1 deg
AZTH实际跟踪长度中点所对应的卫星方位角，单位0.1 deg
REFSV实际跟踪长度中点处本地秒脉冲与所跟踪卫星的差
值，单位0.1 ns
SRSV对REFSV值进行线性拟合中点处的斜率，单位0.1 ps/s
REFSYS实际跟踪长度中点处本地钟与北斗系统时间之差，单
位0.1 ns
SRSYS对REFSYS值进行线性拟合的斜率，单位0.1 ps/s
DSGREFSYS的实际值相对拟合直线上的值之差的均方根，
单位0.1 ns
IOE星历参数
MDTR实际跟踪长度中点处对流层引入的传播时延，单位0.1 ns
SMDT对MDTR值进行线性拟合的斜率，单位0.1 ps/s
MDIO实际跟踪长度中点处电离层引入的传播时延，单位0.1 ns
SDMI对MDIO值进行线性拟合的斜率，单位0.1 ps/s
FRC当前数据所使用的频点信息
CK校验和
), ArticleFig(id=1241060191706337337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241060182877328072, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

北斗共视文件参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数含义
SAT卫星的伪随机码编号
CL固定FF
MJD跟踪卫星的起始日期
STTIME跟踪卫星的起始时刻，其中hh代表小时，mm代表分
钟，ss代表秒
TRKL实际跟踪长度780 s（13 min）
ELV实际跟踪长度中点对应的卫星仰角，单位0.1 deg
AZTH实际跟踪长度中点所对应的卫星方位角，单位0.1 deg
REFSV实际跟踪长度中点处本地秒脉冲与所跟踪卫星的差
值，单位0.1 ns
SRSV对REFSV值进行线性拟合中点处的斜率，单位0.1 ps/s
REFSYS实际跟踪长度中点处本地钟与北斗系统时间之差，单
位0.1 ns
SRSYS对REFSYS值进行线性拟合的斜率，单位0.1 ps/s
DSGREFSYS的实际值相对拟合直线上的值之差的均方根，
单位0.1 ns
IOE星历参数
MDTR实际跟踪长度中点处对流层引入的传播时延，单位0.1 ns
SMDT对MDTR值进行线性拟合的斜率，单位0.1 ps/s
MDIO实际跟踪长度中点处电离层引入的传播时延，单位0.1 ns
SDMI对MDIO值进行线性拟合的斜率，单位0.1 ps/s
FRC当前数据所使用的频点信息
CK校验和
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Encoding type of Beidou-3 short message

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编码类别传输内容长度
0汉字16 bit/汉字
1ASCII码(0~9、A~F)8bit/ ASCII码
2汉字代码混合---
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北斗短报文编码类型

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编码类别传输内容长度
0汉字16 bit/汉字
1ASCII码(0~9、A~F)8bit/ ASCII码
2汉字代码混合---
), ArticleFig(id=1241060192004132939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241060182877328072, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Encoding rules for common-view data

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ASCII编码含义
A: (SAT和REFSYS之间的分隔符)
B, (不同卫星之间的分隔符)
C# (分隔不同的频点，上一频点的结束)
E> (分隔不同字段内容，如FRC和MJD)
D-（负号）
>>>分隔不同频点，每个频点的起始
>>>1频点B1I
>>>2频点B3I
>>>3频点L3B
>>>4频点L3I
), ArticleFig(id=1241060192088019023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241060182877328072, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

共视数据编码规则

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ASCII编码含义
A: (SAT和REFSYS之间的分隔符)
B, (不同卫星之间的分隔符)
C# (分隔不同的频点，上一频点的结束)
E> (分隔不同字段内容，如FRC和MJD)
D-（负号）
>>>分隔不同频点，每个频点的起始
>>>1频点B1I
>>>2频点B3I
>>>3频点L3B
>>>4频点L3I
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Communication level classification of Beidou-3 short message

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通信等级一级
0001		二级
0010		三级
0011		四级
0100		五级
0101
单次报文长度(bit)6921 8353 8837 97914 000
), ArticleFig(id=1241060192310317145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241060182877328072, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

北三短报文通信等级表

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通信等级一级
0001		二级
0010		三级
0011		四级
0100		五级
0101
单次报文长度(bit)6921 8353 8837 97914 000
), ArticleFig(id=1241060192431951966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241060182877328072, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Maximum number of bits required to transmit each frequency point

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帧头
>>>FRC>
MJD>
STTIME		>帧头包含5个>5×8 bit=40 bit
FRC为B1I/B3I/L3I/L3B
3个ASCII码		3×8 bit =24 bit
MJD范围（0~99 999）5个ASCII码5×8 bit =40 bit
STTIMEhhmmss，6个ASCII码6×8 bit =48 bit
中间数据部分每颗星：
SAT:REFSYS,		SAT:卫星号（1~65），2个ASCII码2×8 bit =16 bit
:分隔符, 1个ASCII码1×8 bit=8 bit
REFSYS:钟差，单位0.1 ns，范围：（0~9 999 999 999），10个ASCII码10×8 bit =80 bit
,分隔符1×8 bit=8 bit
最多12颗卫星12×(16+8+80+8)=1 344 bit
帧尾>FF#4个ASCII码4×8 bit =32 bit
每个频点所占bit数40+24+40+48+1 344+32=1 528 bit
), ArticleFig(id=1241060192536809573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1241060182877328072, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

每个频点需传输的最大比特数

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帧头
>>>FRC>
MJD>
STTIME		>帧头包含5个>5×8 bit=40 bit
FRC为B1I/B3I/L3I/L3B
3个ASCII码		3×8 bit =24 bit
MJD范围（0~99 999）5个ASCII码5×8 bit =40 bit
STTIMEhhmmss，6个ASCII码6×8 bit =48 bit
中间数据部分每颗星：
SAT:REFSYS,		SAT:卫星号（1~65），2个ASCII码2×8 bit =16 bit
:分隔符, 1个ASCII码1×8 bit=8 bit
REFSYS:钟差，单位0.1 ns，范围：（0~9 999 999 999），10个ASCII码10×8 bit =80 bit
,分隔符1×8 bit=8 bit
最多12颗卫星12×(16+8+80+8)=1 344 bit
帧尾>FF#4个ASCII码4×8 bit =32 bit
每个频点所占bit数40+24+40+48+1 344+32=1 528 bit
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基于北斗三号短报文的共视数据压缩传输方法
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杜文丛 1 , 刘岩 2 , 陈旭东 2 , 韩华 1 , 刘铁强 1 , 冯佳琪 1
遥测遥控 | 测控通信与导航 2024,45(2): 83-88
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遥测遥控 | 测控通信与导航 2024, 45(2): 83-88
基于北斗三号短报文的共视数据压缩传输方法
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杜文丛1, 刘岩2, 陈旭东2, 韩华1, 刘铁强1, 冯佳琪1
作者信息
  • 1中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所　石家庄　050081
  • 2北京跟踪与通信技术研究所　北京　100094

    • 杜文丛 1994年生，硕士，工程师。

    刘岩 1978年生，硕士，副研究员。

    陈旭东 1986年生，硕士，助理研究员。

    韩华 1987年生，硕士，高级工程师。

    刘铁强 1984年生，硕士，高级工程师。

    冯佳琪 1994年生，硕士，工程师。

Compressing and Transmission Method of Common-view Data Based on BDS-3 Short Message
Wencong DU1, Yan LIU2, Xudong CHEN2, Hua HAN1, Tieqiang LIU1, Jiaqi FENG1
Affiliations
  • 1.The 54th Research Institute of CETC, Shijiazhuang 050081, China
  • 2.Beijing Institute of Tracking and Communication Technology, Beijing 100094, China
doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20231123002
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摘要
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共视时间比对通过交换两地共视数据完成远距离高精度的时间比对。针对无地面通信网地区，本文提出了一种基于北斗短报文的共视数据压缩传输方法，该方法通过将共视数据进行压缩，利用北斗的短报文功能对压缩后的共视数据进行实时传输，在无地面通信网的地区进行了共视时间比对试验。试验结果表明，本文设计的共视数据压缩方法具有较好的压缩效果，可以通过北斗短报文实现无地面通信网的情况下的实时共视时间比对。

共视时间比对  /  北斗三号短报文通信  /  数据压缩

Common-view time transfer involves exchanging the common-view data of two locations to complete long-distance and high-precision time comparison. This paper proposes a method for compressing and transmitting common-view data based on Beidou short message for areas without ground communication network. The method compresses the common-view data and uses the short message function of Beidou to transmit the compressed data in real time. A comparison test has been conducted in an area without a ground communication network. The test results demonstrate that the common-view data compression method designed in this paper has a significant compression effect and can achieve real-time common-view time transfer without a ground network through Beidou short message.

Common-view time transfer  /  Beidou-3 short message communication  /  Data compression
杜文丛, 刘岩, 陈旭东, 韩华, 刘铁强, 冯佳琪. 基于北斗三号短报文的共视数据压缩传输方法. 遥测遥控, 2024 , 45 (2) : 83 -88 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20231123002
Wencong DU, Yan LIU, Xudong CHEN, Hua HAN, Tieqiang LIU, Jiaqi FENG. Compressing and Transmission Method of Common-view Data Based on BDS-3 Short Message[J]. Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, 2024 , 45 (2) : 83 -88 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20231123002
正文
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0　引言
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共视时间比对通过网络交换两地共视数据从而获得两地钟差，即实现了两地的时间比对。但在一些偏远山区、海洋、沙漠等通信条件较差或保密要求较高的地方不具备地面网，无法完成共视数据的交换[1,2]。
北斗短报文可实现点对点、点对多点的双向数据传输，且具备覆盖范围广，通信无盲区，安全性高等特点[3,4]，因此可用于无地面通信网的情况下的共视数据传输。
民用北斗短报文SIM卡通信频度为60 s/次，单次通信报文长度受限[3]，而共视数据量大，远远超过北斗短报文单次传输长度。另外，北斗短报文的发射频点和卫星信号的接收频点接近，且北斗短报文发射功率远高于卫星信号的接收功率，因此北斗短报文的发射会对共视接收机卫星信号的接收造成影响[4]。
国内众多学者专家对北斗短报文在各行业及各区域的应用开展了大量的研究工作。文献[5]研究了利用北斗短报文传输海上特定位置的风向风速和卫星数量等气象数据以实现对海洋气象的实时监测。文献[6]研究了在突发险情引起通信链路中断时的滑坡监测工作，并分析了观测站数据的不同传输方案对滑坡灾害监测的影响。文献[7]设计的数据压缩方法，实现了利用北斗短报文功能传输远离海岸船舶的连续轨迹，该方法传输快捷有效，可以真实反应船舶实时航行位置。以上研究充分体现了北斗短报文在无地面网情况下的优越性，但对北斗短报文发射和卫星信号接收同时存在的情况讨论并不多，并且在高精度远程时间比对方面，设备部署地通常在无地面通信网的偏远地区或保密要求较高的地方，亟需研究如何将北斗短报文应用于该领域。
针对北斗短报文传输共视数据存在的问题，本文提出了一种共视数据压缩传输方法，将每组共视数据只保留进行两地钟差比对所需的有效且必需的数据，合并时间和频点等同类项，再通过北斗短报文将压缩后的共视数据在共视间隙进行传输。经试验分析，通过该方法可实现无地面通信网情况下共视数据的实时、准确传输，从而完成无地面网情况下的共视时间比对。
1　共视时间比对原理
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共视时间比对的实质是两个地面站同时观测共视卫星信号，地面站分别求得本地与共视卫星的钟差，并生成标准共视数据，两地通过交换共视数据从而获得两地钟差，即实现了两个地面站的时间比对[8]。
目前，国际上各共视时间比对设备研究机构统一采用标准数据格式的扩展的时间传递标准CGGTTS V2E[9]，按照每天的共视时刻表每16 min生成一组共视数据，共视数据处理过程为：跟踪当前可见卫星信号16 min，其中前两分钟用于信号稳定，后一分钟用于数据处理，有效跟踪时长为13 min，共采集780 s数据进行拟合，拟合中点处的值即为本地在该共视时刻与北斗系统的钟差[10]。根据当天的共视时刻表如此循环。北斗共视文件如图1所示。
北斗共视文件包含的参数含义见表1[11]。
2　共视数据压缩传输方法
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2.1　共视数据压缩
根据共视时间比对原理可知，对于每组共视数据，进行共视时间比对只需要传输SAT、MJD、STTIME、REFSYS以及FRC五种有效数据即可。因此将每组共视数据只保留这五列并按照如下规则进行压缩：
>>>FRC>MJD>STTIME>SAT:REFSYS, SAT:REFSYS, SAT:REFSYS, SAT:REFSYS,…..SAT:REFSYS>FF#。
>>>代表每个共视频点数据的开始，FF#代表每个共视频点的结束。
以图1中共视时刻为001000的共视数据为例，按照压缩规则，将共视数据进行压缩如下：
>>>L3I>60146>001000>1:600,2:544,3:588,4:752,8:524,10:531,26:613,29:602>FF#>>>L3B>60146>001000>1:725,2:694,3:623,4:761,7:483,8:511,10:446,13:429>FF#。
2.2　共视数据传输
本地共视数据压缩完毕后，需要将压缩后的数据利用北斗短报文传输到接收端，以完成两地的共视时间比对。北斗短报文具有三种编码类型[12]，见表2。
为节约空间，采用ASCII码对压缩后的共视数据进行编码，由于ASCII码只能传输0~9、A~F，因此需要将压缩后的共视数据用0~9、A~F来表示，编码规则见表3。
因此图1中共视时刻为001000的压缩后的共视数据编码如下：
EEE4E60146E001000E1A600B2A544B3A588B4A752B8A524B10A531B26A613B29A602EFF#EEE3E60146E001000E1A725B2A694B3A623B4A761B7 A483B8A511B10A446B13A429EFF#。
民用北斗三号sim卡发送短报文的频度为每分钟一次，单次可传输的短报文长度根据sim卡的等级划分见表4[13]。
通过北斗短报文进行共视数据传输时，可根据共视时间比对设备的通道数(即同时可观测的最大卫星数量)，计算传输每个频点的共视数据所需要的比特数，进而可计算出发射一次短报文能够传输几个频点的数据。
共视时间比对设备接收信号频点为B1I、B2I、B3I，频率分别为1 561.098 MHz、1 207.14 MHz、1 268.52 MHz[14]。北斗短报文的发射频点为1 615.68 MHz，因此北斗短报文的发射会干扰共视设备B1I信号的接收，造成信号失真[15]。
为了互不影响，需要在每个共视时刻的最后一分钟和下一个共视时刻的前两分钟(共三分钟的共视间隙)将压缩后的共视数据通过北斗短报文发射出去。
北斗短报文服务频度为60 s一次[16]，为确保成功率，可在共视间隙重复发送两次压缩后的共视数据。
基于北斗短报文的共视数据压缩传输方法流程如图2所示。
接收端收到压缩的共视数据后，按照编码规则的反过程进行解码，得到压缩后的共视数据。
3　共视数据压缩传输方法验证
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两台共视接收机分别部署于北京和拉萨无地面网地区，需要通过北斗短报文传输共视数据。
北京和拉萨部署的共视接收机内置的北斗sim卡通信频度均为1分钟一次，通信等级为三级，即单次报文长度为3 883 bit。
共视接收机支持B1I、B2I和B3I三个频点，12通道/频点，即每个频点最多可以接收12颗星。生成的共视文件中FRC列有四种，分别是单频B1I和单频B3I，双频组合L3I(B1I&B3I)和L3B(B1I&B2I)。对于每种FRC，需传输的最大比特数见表5。
三级北斗sim卡单次可传输3 883 bit数据，每个频点需传输的最大比特数为1 528 bit，3 883/1 528≈2.541 2，因此单次最多可传输2个共视频点的共视数据。
北京生成的共视文件如图3所示。需将该组共视数据通过北斗短报文传输到拉萨，以完成两地的时间比对。按照压缩和编码规则，对该组数据进行压缩编码即为要通过北斗短报文传输的数据：
EEE4E60150E001000E1A558B2A538B3A594B7A540B8A548B10A557B11A518B23A644EFF#EEE3E60150E0010001A602B2A712B3A576B7A466B8A5 02B10A455B11A435EFF#
拉萨收到的数据与发送端发送的数据一致，按照按照编码规则的反过程进行解码得到压缩后的共视数据，如图4所示。
拉萨站可将进行共视比对所需的北京共视文件的有效信息完全复现。
将当天北京站的每组共视数据按照上述方法在每个共视间隙通过北斗短报文进行发送，拉萨站将接收到的数据进行解码并存储。两地的共视比对结果如下：
从图5和图6可以看出，拉萨站将收到的北京站数据进行解码并与本地生成的共视文件做比对，比对不确定度为L3I:2.36 ns，L3B:2.38 ns。拉萨站与北京站的钟差为13 ns。拉萨站可以通过调整时钟源，溯源到北京站时间，即与北京站时间保持一致。
4　结束语
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本文提出了一种基于北斗三号短报文的共视数据压缩传输方法，通过该方法能有效对标准共视数据进行压缩，利用北斗短报文将压缩后的有效数据进行编码发送。实验表明，接收端可以实时接收到发送端数据并进行复现，有效解决了无地面网情况下的远程共视时间比对。
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doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20231123002
  • 接收时间：2023-11-23
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
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  • 收稿日期：2023-11-23
  • 修回日期：2023-12-01
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    1中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所　石家庄　050081
    2北京跟踪与通信技术研究所　北京　100094
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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