Article(id=1239206939394109650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239206938739798226, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12347/j.ycyk.20240829001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724860800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-29, revisedDate=1728489600000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773379557702, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773379557702, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773379557702, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773379557702, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239206938739798226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, year='2025', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='125', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773379557547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773379632176, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239207251815223477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239206938739798226, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239207251815223478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239206938739798226, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=15, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239206939704488151, articleId=1239206939394109650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, language=EN, title=Overview of Tightly Coupled Phased Array Antenna Technology, columnId=1239206939612213461, journalTitle=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, columnName=Antenna Servo and Feed Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Tightly coupled phased array antenna is a crucial form of ultra-wideband phased array antenna, which mainly consists of radiating elements, coupling capacitors between adjacent radiating elements, a wide-angle impedance matching layer on the array surface, and a reflective ground beneath the array. Its working principle is to decrease the resonant frequency of dipoles and counteract the inductive effect of the ground via the coupling capacitance between units, thereby attaining a low-profile and ultra-wideband impedance matching. Employ an equivalent circuit in conjunction with a Smith chart to elucidate the impedance frequency characteristics and physical significance of the various components within a tightly coupled phased array antenna. The functions and roles of different components of the antenna are deeply analyzed, and the key issues are summarized to provide theoretical guidance for the design of tightly coupled phased array antenna. Domestic and foreign design cases are summarized to provide experience for the theoretical design and engineering practice of this type of antenna.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaolei DING), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239206943970095417, articleId=1239206939394109650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, language=CN, title=紧耦合相控天线技术综述, columnId=1239206939779985625, journalTitle=遥测遥控, columnName=天伺馈技术专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

紧耦合相控阵天线是超宽带相控阵天线的重要形式,主要由辐射单元及其相邻单元间的耦合电容、阵面上边的宽角阻抗匹配层和阵面下边的反射地面构成。其工作原理是通过单元间的耦合电容降低偶极子的谐振频率和抵消地面的感性加载,实现紧耦合天线的低剖面和超宽带阻抗匹配。本文通过等效电路结合史密斯圆图说明紧耦合相控阵天线中不同组成部分的阻抗频率特性及其物理意义,为紧耦合相控阵天线的设计优化提供思路及方向。本文对天线不同组成部分的功能和作用进行深度剖析并总结关键问题,为紧耦合相控阵列的设计提供理论指导。本文汇总的国内外设计案例,为该类天线的理论设计和工程实践提供经验借鉴。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=tb1lKY8WVTKukbhWZF4mVw==, magXml=mo6dfltxIC6Ox14jF/xuYw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=O5gd0RLhw9hOwWav36QN6g==, pdfFileSize=30530384, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=1nZZLEyRewaNlVd8WBqbMw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=E5s3p/Zl62Wt47ujxpmKmQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

丁晓磊 1971年生,博士,研究员。

, authorsList=丁晓磊)}, authors=[Author(id=1239265426685882673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239265426757185847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, authorId=1239265426685882673, language=EN, stringName=Xiaolei DING, firstName=Xiaolei, middleName=null, lastName=DING, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Beijing Research Institute of Telemetry, Beijing 100076, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239265426820100412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, authorId=1239265426685882673, language=CN, stringName=丁晓磊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京遥测技术研究所 北京 100076, bio={"content":"

丁晓磊 1971年生,博士,研究员。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

丁晓磊 1971年生,博士,研究员。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239265426572636457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239265426576830762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, companyId=1239265426572636457, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Research Institute of Telemetry, Beijing 100076, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239265426585219371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, companyId=1239265426572636457, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京遥测技术研究所 北京 100076)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1239265426996261186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Tightly coupled), Keyword(id=1239265427126284617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Phased array), Keyword(id=1239265427273085264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Ultra-wideband), Keyword(id=1239265427356971351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=紧耦合), Keyword(id=1239265427457634656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=相控阵), Keyword(id=1239265427541520745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=超宽带)], refs=[Reference(id=1239265432356581952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=MUNK B A, journalName=Finite Antenna Arrays and FSS, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MUNK B A. Finite Antenna Arrays and FSS[M]. New York: Wiley, 2003., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265432465633861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1965, volume=13, issue=4, pageStart=506, pageEnd=514, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=WHEELER H A, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WHEELER H A. Simple relations derived from a phasedarray antenna made of an infinite current sheet[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1965, 13(4):506-514., articleTitle=Simple relations derived from a phasedarray antenna made of an infinite current sheet, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265432549519946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=60, issue=1, pageStart=130, pageEnd=140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=HOLLAND S S, VOUVAKIS M N, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOLLAND S S, VOUVAKIS M N. The planar ultrawideband modular antenna (PUMA) array[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2012, 60(1): 130-140., articleTitle=The planar ultrawideband modular antenna (PUMA) array, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265432629211727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=63, issue=9, pageStart=3928, pageEnd=3938, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=CAMERON T R, ELEFTHERIADES G V, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAMERON T R, ELEFTHERIADES G V. Analysis and characterization of a wide-angle impedance matching metasurface for dipole phased arrays[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2015, 63(9): 3928-3938., articleTitle=Analysis and characterization of a wide-angle impedance matching metasurface for dipole phased arrays, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265432721486423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=64, issue=10, pageStart=4256, pageEnd=4265, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=YETISIR E, GHALICHECHIAN N, VOLAKIS J L, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YETISIR E, GHALICHECHIAN N, VOLAKIS J L. Ultrawideband array with 70° scanning using FSS superstrate[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2016, 64(10): 4256-4265., articleTitle=Ultrawideband array with 70° scanning using FSS superstrate, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265432817955418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=68, issue=11, pageStart=7348, pageEnd=7357, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=JIANG Z G, XIAO S Q, YAO Z X, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG Z G, XIAO S Q, YAO Z X, et al. A planar ultrawideband wide-angle scanning array loaded with polarization-sensitive frequency selective surface structure[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68(11): 7348-7357., articleTitle=A planar ultrawideband wide-angle scanning array loaded with polarization-sensitive frequency selective surface structure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265432889258589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=61, issue=9, pageStart=4538, pageEnd=4548, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=DOANE J P, SERTEL K, VOLAKIS J L, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DOANE J P, SERTEL K, VOLAKIS J L. A wideband, wide scanning tightly coupled dipole array with integrated balun (TCDA-IB)[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61(9): 4538-4548., articleTitle=A wideband, wide scanning tightly coupled dipole array with integrated balun (TCDA-IB), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265432998310501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=60, issue=9, pageStart=4166, pageEnd=4172, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=MOULDER W F, SERTEL K, VOLAKIS J L, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOULDER W F, SERTEL K, VOLAKIS J L. Superstrate-enhanced ultrawideband tightly coupled array with resistive FSS[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2012, 60(9): 4166-4172., articleTitle=Superstrate-enhanced ultrawideband tightly coupled array with resistive FSS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265433082196584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=2, issue=null, pageStart=110, pageEnd=117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=CARVALHO M, JOHNSON A D, ALWAN E A, journalName=IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CARVALHO M, JOHNSON A D, ALWAN E A, et al. Semi-resistive approach for tightly coupled dipole array bandwidth enhancement[J]. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 2: 110-117., articleTitle=Semi-resistive approach for tightly coupled dipole array bandwidth enhancement, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265433166082670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=4, issue=null, pageStart=936, pageEnd=946, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=NICHOLS M W, ANASTASIADS M O, TAFFE M E, journalName=IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NICHOLS M W, ANASTASIADS M O, TAFFE M E, et al. Ultra-wideband tightly coupled dipole array fed by a tapering meandered Balun[J]. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2023, 4: 936-946., articleTitle=Ultra-wideband tightly coupled dipole array fed by a tapering meandered Balun, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265433245774449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=JONES M, RAWNICK J, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JONES M, RAWNICK J. A new approach to broadband array design using tightly coupled elements [C]//Proceedings of the IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM), October 29-31, 2007, Orlando, FL, USA. New York: IEEE, 1-7., articleTitle=A new approach to broadband array design using tightly coupled elements, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265433325466230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=RAWNICK J J, BOOZER R E, TAYLOR R C, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RAWNICK J J, BOOZER R E, TAYLOR R C, et al. Patch dipole array antenna including a feed line organizer body and related methods: US6483464[P]. 2002-11-19., articleTitle=Patch dipole array antenna including a feed line organizer body and related methods, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265433438712443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=MUNK B A, journalName=Frequency selective surfaces: Theory and design, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MUNK B A. Frequency selective surfaces: Theory and design[M]. Hoboken: Wiley, 2005., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265434902524547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=66, issue=2, pageStart=692, pageEnd=701, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=LOGAN J T, KINDT R W, LEE M Y, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LOGAN J T, KINDT R W, LEE M Y, et al. A new class of planar ultrawideband modular antenna arrays with improved bandwidth[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2018, 66(2): 692-701., articleTitle=A new class of planar ultrawideband modular antenna arrays with improved bandwidth, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265434982216328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=67, issue=3, pageStart=1996, pageEnd=2001, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=ZHONG J, JOHNSON A, ALWAN E A, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHONG J, JOHNSON A, ALWAN E A, et al. Duallinear polarized phased array with 9:1 bandwidth and 60° scanning off broadside[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2019, 67(3): 1996-2001., articleTitle=Duallinear polarized phased array with 9:1 bandwidth and 60° scanning off broadside, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265435158377104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=68, issue=12, pageStart=7833, pageEnd=7841, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=JOHNSON D, ZHONG J, VENKATAKRISHNAN S B, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JOHNSON D, ZHONG J, VENKATAKRISHNAN S B, et al. Phased array with low-angle scanning and 46∶1 bandwidth[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68(12): 7833-7841., articleTitle=Phased array with low-angle scanning and 46∶1 bandwidth, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265435271623314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=68, issue=4, pageStart=2788, pageEnd=2796, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=HU C H, WANG B Z, WANG R, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU C H, WANG B Z, WANG R, et al. Ultrawideband, wide-angle scanning array with compact, single-layer feeding network[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68(4): 2788-2796., articleTitle=Ultrawideband, wide-angle scanning array with compact, single-layer feeding network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265435393258139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=2, issue=null, pageStart=464, pageEnd=472, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=JOHNSON D, MANOHAR V, VENKATAKRISHNAN S B, journalName=IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JOHNSON D, MANOHAR V, VENKATAKRISHNAN S B, et al. Optimized differential TCDA (D-TCDA) with novel differential feed structure[J]. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 2: 464-472., articleTitle=Optimized differential TCDA (D-TCDA) with novel differential feed structure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265435485532832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=60, issue=10, pageStart=4589, pageEnd=4600, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=HOLLAND S S, SCHAUBERT D H, VOUVAKIS M N, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOLLAND S S, SCHAUBERT D H, VOUVAKIS M N. A 7-21 GHz dual polarized planar ultrawideband modular antenna (PUMA) array[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2012, 60(10): 4589-4600., articleTitle=A 7-21 GHz dual polarized planar ultrawideband modular antenna (PUMA) array, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265435594584741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=61, issue=9, pageStart=4528, pageEnd=4537, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=KASEMODEL J A, CHEN C C, VOLAKIS J L, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KASEMODEL J A, CHEN C C, VOLAKIS J L. Wideband planar array with integrated feed and matching network for wide-angle scanning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61(9): 4528-4537., articleTitle=Wideband planar array with integrated feed and matching network for wide-angle scanning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265435682665127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=71, issue=1, pageStart=473, pageEnd=486, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=SUN D M, HAO Z C, DING C Y, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN D M, HAO Z C, DING C Y, et al. A low-profile ultra-wideband and wide-scanning phased array for UHF applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2023, 71(1): 473-486., articleTitle=A low-profile ultra-wideband and wide-scanning phased array for UHF applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265435791717038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=71, issue=5, pageStart=4055, pageEnd=4065, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=SUN D M, HAO Z C, LIU W Y, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN D M, HAO Z C, LIU W Y, et al. An ultrawideband dual-polarized phased array antenna for sub-3 GHz 5G applications with a high polarization isolation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2023, 71(5):4055-4065., articleTitle=An ultrawideband dual-polarized phased array antenna for sub-3 GHz 5G applications with a high polarization isolation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265435909157556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=59, issue=11, pageStart=4060, pageEnd=4070, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=22, authorNames=HOLLAND S S, VOUVAKIS M N, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOLLAND S S, VOUVAKIS M N. The banyan tree antenna array[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2011, 59(11): 4060-4070., articleTitle=The banyan tree antenna array, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265435997237946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=23, authorNames=TAYLOR R C, MUNK B A, DURHAM T E, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAYLOR R C, MUNK B A, DURHAM T E. Wideband phased array antenna and associated methods: US65124-87B1[P]. 2003-01-28., articleTitle=Wideband phased array antenna and associated methods, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265436064346817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=61, issue=9, pageStart=4528, pageEnd=4537, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=24, authorNames=KASEMODEL J A, CHEN C C, VOLAKIS J L, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KASEMODEL J A, CHEN C C, VOLAKIS J L. Wideband planar array with integrated feed and matching network for wide-angle scanning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61(9): 4528-4537., articleTitle=Wideband planar array with integrated feed and matching network for wide-angle scanning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265436135649990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=17, issue=4, pageStart=534, pageEnd=537, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=25, authorNames=WANG Y, ZHU L, WANG H, journalName=IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagation Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y, ZHU L, WANG H, et al. A compact, scanning tightly coupled dipole array with parasitic strips for next-generation wireless applications[J]. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagation Letters, 2018, 17(4): 534-537., articleTitle=A compact, scanning tightly coupled dipole array with parasitic strips for next-generation wireless applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265436223730377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=61, issue=6, pageStart=3017, pageEnd=3025, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=26, authorNames=TZANIDIS I, SERTEL K, VOLAKIS J L, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TZANIDIS I, SERTEL K, VOLAKIS J L. UWB low-profile tightly coupled dipole array with integrated balun and edge terminations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61(6): 3017-3025., articleTitle=UWB low-profile tightly coupled dipole array with integrated balun and edge terminations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265436299227851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=2, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=27, authorNames=DOANE J P, SERTEL K, VOLAKIS J L, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DOANE J P, SERTEL K, VOLAKIS J L. A 6.3∶1 bandwidth scanning tightly coupled dipole array with co-designed compact balun[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, July 8-14, 2012, Chicago, IL, USA. New York: IEEE, 1-2., articleTitle=A 6.3∶1 bandwidth scanning tightly coupled dipole array with co-designed compact balun, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265436391502542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=66, issue=12, pageStart=6930, pageEnd=6938, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=28, authorNames=NOVAK M H, MIRANDA F A, VOLAKIS J L, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NOVAK M H, MIRANDA F A, VOLAKIS J L. Ultra-wideband phased array for millimeter-wave ISM and 5G bands, realized in PCB[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2018, 66(12): 6930-6938., articleTitle=Ultra-wideband phased array for millimeter-wave ISM and 5G bands, realized in PCB, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265436500554451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=61, issue=5, pageStart=2511, pageEnd=2518, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=29, authorNames=DOANE J P, SERTEL K, VOLAKIS J L, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DOANE J P, SERTEL K, VOLAKIS J L. Matching bandwidth limits for arrays backed by a conducting ground plane[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61(5): 2511-2518., articleTitle=Matching bandwidth limits for arrays backed by a conducting ground plane, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265436601217750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=68, issue=9, pageStart=6591, pageEnd=6600, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=30, authorNames=MOGHADDAM S M, YANG J, ZAMAN A U, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOGHADDAM S M, YANG J, ZAMAN A U. Fully-planar ultrawideband tightly-coupled array (FPU-TCA)with integrated feed for wide-scanning millimeter-wave applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68(9): 6591-6600., articleTitle=Fully-planar ultrawideband tightly-coupled array (FPU-TCA)with integrated feed for wide-scanning millimeter-wave applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265436680909529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=70, issue=6, pageStart=4331, pageEnd=4341, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=31, authorNames=LI L F, YAN J B, O'NEILL C, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI L F, YAN J B, O'NEILL C, et al. Coplanar side-fed tightly coupled ultra-wideband array for polar ice sounding[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2022, 70(6): 4331-4341., articleTitle=Coplanar side-fed tightly coupled ultra-wideband array for polar ice sounding, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239265436752212699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=69, issue=11, pageStart=7134, pageEnd=7144, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=32, authorNames=SUN J X, CHENG Y J, FAN Y, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN J X, CHENG Y J, FAN Y. Planar ultra-wideband and wide-scanning dual-polarized phased array with integrated coupled-marchand balun for high polarization isolation and low cross-polarization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 69(11): 7134-7144., articleTitle=Planar ultra-wideband and wide-scanning dual-polarized phased array with integrated coupled-marchand balun for high polarization isolation and low cross-polarization, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239265431983288872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, awardId=2021-JCJQ-JJ-0854, language=CN, fundingSource=军科委173领域基金项目(2021-JCJQ-JJ-0854), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1239265432075563566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, awardId=2019-JCJQ-ZD-349-00, language=CN, fundingSource=军科委173计划重点项目(2019-JCJQ-ZD-349-00), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239265426572636457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239265426576830762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, companyId=1239265426572636457, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Research Institute of Telemetry, Beijing 100076, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239265426585219371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, companyId=1239265426572636457, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京遥测技术研究所 北京 100076)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239265427759624574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=The TCDA array, figureFileSmall=itQQKGw4PYwqLkRO5fcLTA==, figureFileBig=p/EG/ZSNEL1wpKmf+cLxcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265427893842307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, label=图1, caption=TCDA阵列, figureFileSmall=itQQKGw4PYwqLkRO5fcLTA==, figureFileBig=p/EG/ZSNEL1wpKmf+cLxcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265428070003085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=TCDA-IB 8×8 prototype[7], figureFileSmall=btNzmMX6/PmJer7es5kQUw==, figureFileBig=N9SE1Yx1nNH9R1/1UShfxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265428166472083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, label=图2, caption=TCDA-IB 8×8样机[7], figureFileSmall=btNzmMX6/PmJer7es5kQUw==, figureFileBig=N9SE1Yx1nNH9R1/1UShfxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265428267135380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=TCDA using FSS superstrate[5], figureFileSmall=C+a+DDxzemY5FmmtjcqpAw==, figureFileBig=T7EPhdC1cAwNk5Hj7bukfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265428363604379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, label=图3, caption=采用FSS匹配结构的TCDA[5], figureFileSmall=C+a+DDxzemY5FmmtjcqpAw==, figureFileBig=T7EPhdC1cAwNk5Hj7bukfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265428439101855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=11×11 dual-linear polarized TCDA prototype[15], figureFileSmall=kYYHDvvDqiqPe6z7Kt4VpA==, figureFileBig=Vvy1YeUVTxXnUc+PbJsacA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265428527182244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, label=图4, caption=11×11双极化TCDA样机[15], figureFileSmall=kYYHDvvDqiqPe6z7Kt4VpA==, figureFileBig=Vvy1YeUVTxXnUc+PbJsacA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265428611068330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=8×8 TCDA prototype[10], figureFileSmall=M7y5pwRPodLo2T8a2z9qQA==, figureFileBig=6J9l2AcU3OmoGn2l1IgsgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265428682371503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, label=图5, caption=8×8 TCDA样机[10], figureFileSmall=M7y5pwRPodLo2T8a2z9qQA==, figureFileBig=6J9l2AcU3OmoGn2l1IgsgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265428757868983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=16×16 dual-polarized PUMA array prototype[19], figureFileSmall=55fFDxhaV26ONjWd1PJM/g==, figureFileBig=qIG1z4tlRGKs1OioYbyxsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265428850143678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, label=图6, caption=16×16双极化PUMA样[19], figureFileSmall=55fFDxhaV26ONjWd1PJM/g==, figureFileBig=qIG1z4tlRGKs1OioYbyxsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265428925641157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=6∶1 dual-pol.256-port PUMA prototype (128 elements per polarization)[14], figureFileSmall=CC162TGD2+7FHuaqBcLTKw==, figureFileBig=d0z+JvpskWgtRt98T2Wf+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265430410424782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, label=图7, caption=6∶1带宽的双极化256端口PUMA样机(每个极化128单元)[14], figureFileSmall=CC162TGD2+7FHuaqBcLTKw==, figureFileBig=d0z+JvpskWgtRt98T2Wf+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265430485922261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=3×3 array prototype[30], figureFileSmall=rkXIvk7ZJXEmlljt/ggMzA==, figureFileBig=6pvSbrVpMDfQz3ESA2glIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265430603362780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, label=图8, caption=3×3阵列样机[30], figureFileSmall=rkXIvk7ZJXEmlljt/ggMzA==, figureFileBig=6pvSbrVpMDfQz3ESA2glIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265430716608995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Back side view of a prototype of 8×4 array in H-structure for scanning to 45°[32], figureFileSmall=yB/XGfTsClionqCMkQ49GQ==, figureFileBig=jidZdKSAKrybkdpKI2LV+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265430808883688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, label=图9, caption= H结构扫描45°时8×4阵列样机背面[32], figureFileSmall=yB/XGfTsClionqCMkQ49GQ==, figureFileBig=jidZdKSAKrybkdpKI2LV+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265430892769769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Simulated and measured normalized radiation pattern of 8×4 array for 45° radiation in E-structure (a、c、e) and H-structure (b、d、f)[32], figureFileSmall=b/lRedgM7WQLwUxZnl09ZQ==, figureFileBig=JrW8KTstL6lIBdoNg/NiBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265430976655857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, label=图10, caption=8×4样机45°辐射时不同频点的测试和仿真方向图(a、c、e为E面结构,b、d、f为H结构)[32], figureFileSmall=b/lRedgM7WQLwUxZnl09ZQ==, figureFileBig=JrW8KTstL6lIBdoNg/NiBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265431094096374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Side-fed tightly coupled 12×12 array[33], figureFileSmall=MVlpA7Xok+FzYSFHrh6g0w==, figureFileBig=ECtJexYuaApMsHB6yH7j9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265431211536894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, label=图11, caption=边馈紧耦合12×12样机[33], figureFileSmall=MVlpA7Xok+FzYSFHrh6g0w==, figureFileBig=ECtJexYuaApMsHB6yH7j9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265431316394501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=12×12 TCDA prototype[34], figureFileSmall=cK/A2I6F/twPMNdMhwxKSw==, figureFileBig=KW/xt7lHBEvRyF1ksmWtqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265431396086280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, label=图12, caption=12×12 TCDA样机[34], figureFileSmall=cK/A2I6F/twPMNdMhwxKSw==, figureFileBig=KW/xt7lHBEvRyF1ksmWtqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265431500943885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=16×16 prototype array[21], figureFileSmall=wj64wDHYG0PpVV1k3A4FmQ==, figureFileBig=1u6ICjtytadx5ozQ1ty0dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265431589024275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, label=图13, caption=16×16样机[21], figureFileSmall=wj64wDHYG0PpVV1k3A4FmQ==, figureFileBig=1u6ICjtytadx5ozQ1ty0dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265431685493273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=8×8 array prototype[22], figureFileSmall=bTKcO0pQA5r9amwDxUMiGw==, figureFileBig=+qW1ziIRXyERXKN2l5UnZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265431760990750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239206939394109650, language=CN, label=图14, caption=8×8阵列样机[22], figureFileSmall=bTKcO0pQA5r9amwDxUMiGw==, figureFileBig=+qW1ziIRXyERXKN2l5UnZw==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1238822691516493831, delFlag=0, nameCn=遥测遥控, nameEn=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2095-1000, eissn=null, cn=11-1780/TP, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=uUqWBk5pV4VWPULNoAHkuQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1773287945871, updatedTime=1773299995823, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=J, firstLetterEn=J, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=uUqWBk5pV4VWPULNoAHkuQ==, picEn=RDDslHHvDBDNnJMjk6BxdA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1238873232732909900, language=CN, name=遥测遥控, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773299995835, updatedTime=1773299995835, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://manuscript.spacejournal.cn/ycyk, submissionEditorUrl=https://manuscript.spacejournal.cn/ycyk, submissionReviewUrl=https://manuscript.spacejournal.cn/ycyk, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1238873232779047245, language=EN, name=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773299995846, updatedTime=1773299995846, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://manuscript.spacejournal.cn/ycyk, submissionEditorUrl=https://manuscript.spacejournal.cn/ycyk, submissionReviewUrl=https://manuscript.spacejournal.cn/ycyk, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1238841944844054536, websiteList=[Website(id=1238843830011744952, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1238841944844054536, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/CN, language=CN, createTime=1773292985680, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773293577303, updateBy=18614031015, name=遥测遥控-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=遥测遥控, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1238846390617568150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773293596176, updateTime=1773293596176, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390596596627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773293596171, updateTime=1773293596171, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390638539673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773293596181, updateTime=1773293596181, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390588208018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/CN/file/pic?fileId=g9S2GGWx7iZjf51o9vpmmA==, createTime=1773293596169, updateTime=1773293596169, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390651122587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773293596184, updateTime=1773293596184, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390613373845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/CN/file/pic, createTime=1773293596175, updateTime=1773293596175, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390646928282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773293596183, updateTime=1773293596183, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390604985236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1773293596173, updateTime=1773293596173, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390625956759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773293596178, updateTime=1773293596178, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846390634345368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830011744952, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773293596180, updateTime=1773293596180, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1238843830078853819, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1238841944844054536, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/EN, language=EN, createTime=1773292985696, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773293566698, updateBy=18614031015, name=遥测遥控-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1238846419235304352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773293602999, updateTime=1773293602999, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419214332829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773293602994, updateTime=1773293602994, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419256275875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773293603004, updateTime=1773293603004, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419205944220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/EN/file/pic?fileId=g9S2GGWx7iZjf51o9vpmmA==, createTime=1773293602992, updateTime=1773293602992, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419268858789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773293603007, updateTime=1773293603007, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419231110047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/EN/file/pic, createTime=1773293602998, updateTime=1773293602998, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419264664484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773293603006, updateTime=1773293603006, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419222721438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1773293602996, updateTime=1773293602996, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419243692961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773293603001, updateTime=1773293603001, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238846419252081570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830078853819, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773293603003, updateTime=1773293603003, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=遥测遥控, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://ycyk.spacejournal.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, journalPhotoCn=uUqWBk5pV4VWPULNoAHkuQ==, journalPhotoEn=RDDslHHvDBDNnJMjk6BxdA==, journalFirstLetter=J, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/CN/10.12347/j.ycyk.20240829001, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/EN/10.12347/j.ycyk.20240829001, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/CN/PDF/10.12347/j.ycyk.20240829001, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/EN/PDF/10.12347/j.ycyk.20240829001, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
紧耦合相控天线技术综述
收藏切换
PDF下载
丁晓磊
遥测遥控 | 天伺馈技术专栏 2025,46(1): 1-15
收起
收藏切换
遥测遥控 | 天伺馈技术专栏 2025, 46(1): 1-15
紧耦合相控天线技术综述
全屏
丁晓磊
作者信息
  • 北京遥测技术研究所 北京 100076
  • 丁晓磊 1971年生,博士,研究员。

Overview of Tightly Coupled Phased Array Antenna Technology
Xiaolei DING
Affiliations
  • Beijing Research Institute of Telemetry, Beijing 100076, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20240829001
文章导航
收藏切换

紧耦合相控阵天线是超宽带相控阵天线的重要形式,主要由辐射单元及其相邻单元间的耦合电容、阵面上边的宽角阻抗匹配层和阵面下边的反射地面构成。其工作原理是通过单元间的耦合电容降低偶极子的谐振频率和抵消地面的感性加载,实现紧耦合天线的低剖面和超宽带阻抗匹配。本文通过等效电路结合史密斯圆图说明紧耦合相控阵天线中不同组成部分的阻抗频率特性及其物理意义,为紧耦合相控阵天线的设计优化提供思路及方向。本文对天线不同组成部分的功能和作用进行深度剖析并总结关键问题,为紧耦合相控阵列的设计提供理论指导。本文汇总的国内外设计案例,为该类天线的理论设计和工程实践提供经验借鉴。

紧耦合  /  相控阵  /  超宽带

Tightly coupled phased array antenna is a crucial form of ultra-wideband phased array antenna, which mainly consists of radiating elements, coupling capacitors between adjacent radiating elements, a wide-angle impedance matching layer on the array surface, and a reflective ground beneath the array. Its working principle is to decrease the resonant frequency of dipoles and counteract the inductive effect of the ground via the coupling capacitance between units, thereby attaining a low-profile and ultra-wideband impedance matching. Employ an equivalent circuit in conjunction with a Smith chart to elucidate the impedance frequency characteristics and physical significance of the various components within a tightly coupled phased array antenna. The functions and roles of different components of the antenna are deeply analyzed, and the key issues are summarized to provide theoretical guidance for the design of tightly coupled phased array antenna. Domestic and foreign design cases are summarized to provide experience for the theoretical design and engineering practice of this type of antenna.

Tightly coupled  /  Phased array  /  Ultra-wideband
丁晓磊. 紧耦合相控天线技术综述. 遥测遥控, 2025 , 46 (1) : 1 -15 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20240829001
Xiaolei DING. Overview of Tightly Coupled Phased Array Antenna Technology[J]. Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, 2025 , 46 (1) : 1 -15 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20240829001
随着电子系统应用领域的不断扩展,要求天线所需实现的功能逐渐多样化。采用多个天线满足各自功能时会面临载体平台部署受限的实际困难,且多天线工作时系统成本和功耗均会显著增加。而超宽带天线可以实现“以一带多”,适应多种任务需求,在确保性能的前提下,有效缩减功耗、成本和安装空间。
紧耦合相控阵天线或紧耦合偶极子阵列(Tightly Coupled Dipole Array,TCDA)是超宽带天线的一种重要形式,是B Munk[1]于2003年在H Wheeler[2]的理想电流片概念基础上提出的一种超宽带天线形式。TCDA具有低剖面、超宽带、宽角扫描和低交叉极化的突出优点,主要应用于高分辨雷达、跟踪系统、高数据率通信链路、电子战系统、医疗成像设备和射电天文等。TCDA主要由宽角阻抗匹配层[3-6]、辐射单元及耦合电容阵列、馈电匹配结构、金属导体地面[7]或增加了电阻性网络的复合地面等组成[8-10]。常规相控阵天线的带宽由单元天线的带宽决定,TCDA的带宽由阵列结构形式及各个组成部分共同决定。TCDA摒弃了传统的阵列设计方法,使阵列性能不依赖辐射单元的带宽性能,其工作原理主要是利用单元间的耦合电容实现相邻偶极子间场的传播,降低偶极子的谐振频率,展宽天线的频带宽度。耦合电容的另一作用是抵消地面的电感性加载,实现低剖面天线的超宽带阻抗匹配。为了避免扫描时栅瓣的出现以及不平衡馈电导致的带内共模谐振现象,阵元间的间距一般小于最高频对应波长的一半。天线单元的紧密排布和单元间的强耦合,使辐射阵面上的电流几乎呈恒定的周期分布,辐射阵面可等效为周期激励的理想电流片阵列,从而实现超宽工作。
紧耦合相控阵的辐射单元为直线偶极子或领结形等变形偶极子结构,由于偶极子的结构对称性,理想的馈电激励应该采用等幅反相的差分平衡馈电,使天线性能最佳。而由复杂的电缆组件网络[8,11,12]构成的平衡馈电结构,不仅体积较大,而且结构复杂,不利于紧耦合阵列的低剖面、低成本实施。在实际的工程应用中,广泛采用巴伦结构将馈电端口的不平衡转换为偶极子馈电处的平衡馈电。
由于紧密放置的阵元具有较高的输入阻抗[13],为降低天线单元的输入阻抗,需要在辐射阵面上覆盖多层介质[14]或频选结构(Frequency Selective Surface,FSS)[5,6],同时设计相应的宽带匹配巴伦实现阻抗变换和平衡馈电。根据偶极子表面是平行于地面或者垂直于地面,可以将TCDA分为直立式[7]和平面式[3]两种结构形式。直立式TCDA的巴伦和偶极子可以一体化集成设计,并通过印制电路板(Printed Circuit Borad,PCB)工艺一体化加工,结合混合接地结构[10],可以实现高达40∶1以上的超宽阻抗带宽。由于该结构需要二次装配,当工作于毫米波或更高频率时,二次装配安装的精度很难保证;而平面式结构一般采用多层板PCB加工,具有全平面、易于共形的优点,但相对于直立式,平面式结构可实现的工作带宽相对较窄。当应用于低频阵列天线时,平面多层板的重量较大,因此平面式结构更适合于高频应用。
本文主要内容包括紧耦合阵列工作原理分析、TCDA设计中关键问题的总结及国内外TCDA的研究现状。
紧耦合相控阵天线的工作原理是利用单元间的耦合电容实现相邻单元间场的传播,降低偶极子的谐振频率,抵消地面的电感性加载,实现天线的低剖面、超宽带阻抗匹配。图1(a)所示为TCDA阵列示意图。图中重点给出了导体地面和放置在导体地面上方的容性偶极子阵列。为清晰显示,图中省略了阵面上部的宽角阻抗匹配层和支撑偶极子的介质层。文献[1]利用等效电路法分析了TCDA各个组成部分对天线阻抗的影响,对TCDA的工作原理给出了直观的物理解释。为确保等效电路模型的准确性,假定偶极子单元长度为电小尺寸、阵列为无穷大、真实空间内无栅瓣且仅考虑主面内的波束扫描。图1(b)所示为TCDA的等效电路,偶极子和导体地面的间距为d0,上方覆层介质的厚度为d1
根据图1(b)的等效电路可知,天线的端口阻抗为图1(c)中的Z1-||Z1++jXA,即jXAZ1-||Z1+的串联。其中Z1-||Z1+是阵列上下空间对应等效传输线输入阻抗的并联阻抗。图中2RA0为导体地面不存在时,阵列位于无限大自由空间时的辐射电阻,也是该段等效传输线的特性阻抗,2RA1为无导体地面时同一个阵列位于无限大介质中的辐射电阻或该段等效传输线的特性阻抗;Z1+是从阵列平面看向地面方向的等效传输线的输入阻抗,将导体地面等效为传输线的短路终端。Z1+为纯虚数,其在史密斯圆图上的轨迹位于圆图的外边缘;Z1-是从阵列平面看向上半空间的等效传输线的输入阻抗,XA是偶极子单元输入阻抗的电抗分量,包括偶极子臂的电感效应和相邻偶极子间的电容效应。图1(c)示意了阵列不同组成部分对应阻抗分量及天线端口输入阻抗随频率的变化曲线。尽管该等效电路方法对实际天线进行了理想化处理,不能直接计算出最优的天线参数,但该方法直观演示了TCDA不同组成部分对天线阻抗的影响,不仅可进行天线参数的初值计算,也为参数优化提供了努力方向。
TCDA的等效电路分析方法没有考虑实际馈电结构的影响,而天线的实际性能是和天线的馈电结构紧密联系的。馈电结构的不同直接决定了天线的复杂度及加工和装配的难易。发展至今,TCDA的馈电方式主要包括平衡馈电和不平衡馈电。其中,平衡馈电包括复杂的电缆组件网络[8,11,12]和各种巴伦[9,10,15-18];不平衡馈电主要包括同轴结构和平行双导线结构[19-22]。由于巴伦易于和偶极子集成在单片印制板上加工,立式结构多采用巴伦馈电。而不平衡馈电结构的平行双导线易于采用多层板的过孔实现,主要用于全平面结构的TCDA。
TCDA的设计重点不同于常规的相控阵天线,关键因素包括单元间距、宽角阻抗匹配层、阵列地面、互耦和边缘单元的处理等。本节将逐个讨论。
常规相控阵天线的单元间距即辐射单元间的距离,主要由最大扫描角和最高工作频率决定[23],而TCDA单元间距的确定,必须综合考虑馈电形式和具体阵列结构。由于TCDA单元间的紧密排布,单元间距不仅影响扫描范围,还会影响辐射单元阻抗的大小[7,13],以及非平衡馈电时共模谐振频率的大小[3]。减小单元E面间距,可减小辐射偶极子的输入阻抗,使其易于和馈电网络匹配。而且,减小单元间距还可以提高共模谐振频率,使其移出工作频带。但是,减小单元间距意味着更多的单元数和更小的单元面积,这必将增大T/R组件数量,导致研制成本增加和狭小空间下的装配困难。
共模谐振[24]是紧耦合阵列非平衡馈电时必须要考虑的问题之一。对于非平衡馈电结构,共模谐振在非扫描状态下影响最大。当采用非平衡馈电结构对具备对称结构的偶极子馈电时,因为两个垂直馈线上的电流幅度不同,会产生多余的垂直极化电流,当相邻的两个接地柱的间距为半个介质波长时,可能出现共模谐振。为将共模谐振频率移出工作波段,通常在辐射臂和导电地面间增加短路柱[3],目的是减小相邻短路柱间的距离,提高谐振频率,将共模谐振频率移出工作频带。但是,增加短路柱后,提高共模谐振频率的同时会引起频率大于低端频率的环模谐振[24],导致频带变窄。改进方法是采用电容加载的接地柱以降低等效波导的截止频率,同时展宽带宽且抑制带内的共模谐振现象[14]
平衡馈电的TCDA,由于结构的对称性,在非扫描状态下不支持共模谐振的存在,但在扫描时,会因为单元间相位递变导致的不平衡馈电而出现共模谐振,其产生机理和不平衡馈电时的不同。
当相控天线的扫描波束偏离阵面法向时,单元间的互耦会影响天线的阻抗匹配。根据前面的等效电路模型可知,从等效传输线的阻抗匹配方面分析,宽角阻抗匹配层相当于传输线间的阻抗变换段,可以平滑自由空间和辐射偶极子间的阻抗变换,改善天线扫描时的阻抗性能。传统的应用是采用天线阵面上方增加单层或多层介质层来优化扫描时的阻抗匹配,这不仅会增加剖面高度也会增加重量。文献[4,6]采用的FSS结构不仅匹配效果好,而且剖面低、重量轻,适用于平面结构。文献[5]采用的FSS结构,可以和辐射、馈电一体化加工,适用于立式结构。
对于全平面的多层板结构,由于宽角阻抗匹配层和介质基底层同时存在,表面波可能会在表层或基底层中形成,在某些扫描角会导致扫描盲点。为减小表面波的影响,将扫描盲点对应的扫描角移出扫描范围,可以增大单元间距和减小介质的介电常数。由于单元间距决定扫描范围,受多层板工艺的限制,介电常数低的介质板的选择比较受限,而将阵列单元间的介质打孔,可以有效减小接地介质的介电常数,有效抑制表面波的激励。
对于双向辐射的偶极子阵列而言,导体反射地面的作用是实现天线的单向辐射。但导体地面也是限制天线带宽的关键因素。当导体地面和阵面的间隔等于某个工作频率对应波长的一半时,天线在该频点等效为短路,该频点附近频段天线匹配及辐射均显著恶化。为避免地面高度对天线带宽的限制,可在阵面和地面之间插入FSS网络,用于改变反射波的传输相位,避免直射波和地面反射波的反相干涉,改善天线在部分工作频带内的阻抗失配,从而将天线带宽展宽2倍以上。当然,电阻性FSS网络的采用会增加天线在相应频段的损耗,改善方法可以采用宽角阻抗匹配层结合电阻性FSS的一体化设计。文献[8]通过结合宽角阻抗匹配层的一体化设计,将引入电阻性FSS网络的损耗由3.8 dB减小到1.4 dB。
对于常规相控阵天线,为减小扫描时的性能变化,希望尽量减小或消除单元间的互耦,而TCDA则不同,为实现天线的低剖面和超宽带阻抗匹配,必须加强单元间的相互耦合。为增加单元间的相互耦合,国内外研究者曾采用了交指电容结构[22,25]、非对称辐射臂的嵌套结构[26]和平行板电容结构。其中平板电容器结构是最常采用的结构形式,广泛应用于立式和平面式结构中。因为平行板电容器结构简单,除印制板厚度不可任意调整外,电容器的长宽参数都比较容易控制,便于扩展到高频应用。
紧耦合阵列的超宽带性能是通过单元间的强耦合实现的。对于有限大小的紧耦合阵列,因阵列边缘单元单侧相邻单元的缺失,以及互耦电容的减小,导致边缘单元的低频阻抗匹配恶化,造成带宽变窄。针对这个问题,在有限阵列的研制中需对边缘单元进行特殊处理。有效的处理方法包括扩展边缘单元的辐射臂、阵列周围增加短路或电阻匹配的附加单元以及减小边缘单元的激励幅度等。
文献[7,11,27]的阵列边缘单元均采用了扩展辐射臂的方法,在不降低辐射效率的情况下减小了边缘效应。而文献[28]发现:将阵列周边的单元端接电阻性负载时可以获得最低的有源VSWR(电压驻波比),但将阵列周边单元端口短路可以得到最优的天线辐射效率。因此,在工程研制中,阵列边缘单元的处理应根据需要及实施可行性进行折中取舍。
从以上的讨论可知,影响紧耦合相控天线性能的关键因素明显不同于常规的相控阵天线,这也是从事常规相控阵天线研制的设计者需要重视的问题和面临的挑战。
自2001年首次提出紧耦合相控阵以来,公开报道的TCDA相关文献较多,但是,很多设计结果并不具备工程应用价值。下面列出部分具有实物加工和测试数据的国内外文献报道,为TCDA的进一步研究和工程实施提供经验借鉴及参考。
图2为文献 [7,29]设计的8×8阵列及其对应的实测结果。该设计采用巴伦和TCDA的集成(Tightly Coupled Dipole Array with Integrated Balun,TCDA-IB)设计,用巴伦的电抗补偿TCDA自身的电抗,以实现天线的超宽带匹配。在本设计中,巴伦仅具备平衡到不平衡的模式转换功能,而无阻抗变换功能。为实现端口阻抗为100 Ω的巴伦和辐射偶极子的直连,每一个阵列单元沿E面分为两个同相辐射偶极子单元,每一个偶极子采用一个Marchand(马尚)巴伦馈电,然后通过一个威尔金森功分器对两个同相辐射偶极子单元进行馈电,从而实现每个阵列单元的单端口输出或输入。由于匹配功分器两分路间隔离电阻的存在,阵列在沿E面扫描时会出现电阻损耗。实测带宽为6.6∶1(0.67 GHz~4.37 GHz),法向和扫描到±45°时的有源VSWR均小于2.65,实测端口为64∶1功分器的公共端口。
图3所示为文献[5]设计的12×12阵列及其测试结果。该设计采用FSS匹配结构、辐射偶极子和馈电巴伦一体化的集成设计。该设计相比于文献[7]的改进主要包括:①采用FSS代替介质材料的宽角阻抗匹配,使匹配、辐射和馈电巴伦的一体化PCB加工成为可能,不仅加工成本更低,而且扫描范围更大;②通过在地面上打孔实现高端口阻抗的Marchand巴伦,实现单个巴伦直接馈电一个阵列单元,省略了威尔金森功分器,避免了扫描时的电阻损耗;③在相邻单元之间增加短路导带,以抑制共模谐振、增大耦合电容并改善低频端的性能。实测带宽6.1∶1 (0.5 GHz~3.1 GHz),VSWR<3.2的扫描范围为E面和D面±75°、H面±60°。
图4所示为文献[15]设计的11×11的双极化阵列及其测试结果。该设计中采用折叠Marchand巴伦为偶极子提供平衡馈电,同时实现阻抗变换。地面以下的阻抗变换采用渐变馈线宽度来实现;地面以上采用地面导体开孔来实现,通过地面开孔增大特性阻抗至150 Ω。在带宽2 GHz~18 GHz内法向辐射时VSWR<3,E面和D面扫描到60°时VSWR<4,H面扫描到30°时VSWR<4,H面扫描到60°时VSWR<6,平均辐射效率为85%。
图5为文献[10]设计的8×8阵列及其对应测试结果。该文献采用渐变线巴伦结合三层FSS网络的设计方法。在辐射阵面和地面之间插入三层FSS网络层实现阵列地面随频率变化的高度可控,实现偏移或衰减带内谐振。FSS-1网络是一层无耗低通频率选择表面,截止频率为2.3 GHz,对于大于2.3 GHz的波,FSS-1具有反射作用,相当于地面上移到该位置;FSS-2和FSS-3网络均是阻性加载结构,材料的方块电阻为10 Ω(Ω/□)。FSS-2网络的衰减峰值为1.5 GHz,FSS-3网络的衰减峰值为0.8 GHz。FSS网络的作用是引入一个相位延迟,相当于增加阵列剖面的电厚度。该组合FSS网络将损耗限制在有限的带宽内。在带宽42∶1(0.14 GHz~5.85 GHz)内法向扫描时,VSWR<2.5。EHD面扫描到±60°时,VSWR<3.5。该文献和文献[9]的设计思路基本相同,只是将文献[9]中的Klopfenstein(克洛普芬斯坦)渐变结构巴伦通过样条曲线的弯曲方法延长了阻抗变换和模式变换段的长度,实现最优的阻抗匹配,降低了失配损耗,从而使该设计带宽更宽、低频端辐射效率稍高、相对剖面更低。仿真结果显示:辐射效率全部高于40%,带宽内平均辐射效率为75%。文献仅测试了阵列中单元的散射参数和方向图,通过公式计算出不同扫描角下的有源VSWR。
图6为文献[19]设计的无焊接馈电结构的双极化平面超宽带模块天线(Planar Ultrawideband Modular Antenna,PUMA)及其测试结果。该双极化阵列采用同轴结合平行双线的馈电结构,易于采用全平面的PCB多层板工艺加工。双极化振子的中心不重合,目的是易于模块化加工和组装。通过在馈电偶极子臂和导体地面之间增加金属化短路过孔,增大共模谐振频率,使不平衡馈电产生的共模谐振频率移出工作频带。
该文和文献[3]同为全平面结构,不同之处主要包括:①该文馈电结构为无焊接结构的同轴馈电;②该文在偶极子的两个辐射臂和地面间均增加了接地过孔。③振子末端的耦合电容结构简单,易于扩展到更高的工作频率。加工的16×16双极化阵列,实测法向辐射时有源驻波小于2.1,根据实测单元散射参数计算得到扫描至45°时的有源驻波小于2.8。
图7为文献[14]设计的6∶1带宽的双极化PUMA及其测试结果。相比于文献[19]的阵列,带宽展宽了一倍。该设计中展宽带宽或抑制共模谐振的关键技术为容性加载的金属过孔。文中从脊波导的截止频率和非平衡馈电紧耦合偶极子结构共模谐振频率的类似性进行类比分析,提出电容加载的接地柱设计。容性加载接地柱增大了振子之间的耦合电容,降低了等效波导的截止频率,展宽了天线带宽。采用三层介质的宽角阻抗匹配层,使宽角扫描时的阻抗匹配更好。实测结果在6∶1(3.53 GHz~21.2 GHz)带宽内,E面和D面扫描到±60°时VSWR<3,而H面扫描到±60°时VSWR恶化较严重,部分频点大于6。
图8为文献[30]设计的工作于24 GHz~72 GHz的3×3阵列。辐射振子为领结形偶极子,目的是增大单元边缘间的耦合。整个阵列采用标准的PCB加工工艺来实现。介质基板和半固化片分别采用罗杰斯的5880和2929(εr=2.9)。由于平面馈电结构和介质基板的限制[31],扫描±45°时的理论可设计带宽约为3.25∶1。仿真结果显示在3∶1(24 GHz~72 GHz)带宽内,法向辐射时VSWR<2.2,扫描到±45°时VSWR<3。受馈电同轴的限制,实际最高测试频率为70 GHz,3×3阵列的单元增益测试结果和仿真结果基本一致,从而验证了毫米波TCDA研制的可行性。
图9图10是文献[32]设计的8×4阵列及其测试结果。类似磁电偶极子天线的激励原理,该设计中辐射偶极子采用板间过孔构成的Γ形探针激励。偶极子臂上打圆洞的目的是消除偶极子和馈电探针圆盘之间的电容耦合。文中E结构即沿天线E面排布8列,H结构表示沿H面排布8列,每一列的4个单元馈给相同的幅度和相位。通过无源网络及对应的延迟线对阵列馈电验证不同扫描角时的性能。因为矢网的限制,测试最高频率到40 GHz。实测结果显示:在带宽为18 GHz~40 GHz,扫描到±45°时VSWR<3.0。
图11为文献[33]研制的边馈紧耦合阵列(Tightly Coupled Array, TCA)及其测试结果。该天线于2019年成功部署到格陵兰岛进行冰层探测。天线的馈电同轴位于辐射臂的末端,匹配网络集成在领结形辐射振子的一个臂上,在同轴电缆上串套铁氧体磁芯用于抑制共模电流和带内谐振。铁氧体磁芯的采用导致最大1.4 dB的增益损失。该设计通过减小边缘单元的激励幅度弱化边缘单元截断效应。天线扫描范围±45°。工作带宽3.4∶1(180 MHz~620 MHz)。
图12为文献[34]设计的双极化平面相控阵,工作带宽4.5∶1(4 GHz~18 GHz),剖面厚度为0.12 λlowE面扫到60°,H/D面均扫描到45°。天线馈电采用Marchand巴伦。为优化交叉极化,在巴伦内导体周围增加多个接地短路过孔,并通过耳型导体片将接地短路过孔互联,实现场的理想屏蔽,从而增大不同极化间的隔离。在厚的金属地板上挖孔,增大电流路径,将耦合环电流的谐振频点移向更低频,从而展宽带宽。在介质板上打孔,使介质的等效介电常数变小,抑制大扫描角时的表面电流激励。采用FSS表面覆层增大扫描角的同时减小天线的剖面厚度和重量。整个天线阵列采用PCB多层板工艺加工。文献中测试结果只给出了阵中单元结果。
图13是文献[21]设计的双极化16×16阵列,工作带宽8∶1(0.41 GHz~3.3 GHz)。该设计采用折叠偶极子和中间的台阶形微带馈电结构。对于低频天线,折叠结构如果采用多层板结合过孔的结构会比较笨重,采用排针结合薄介质板替代比较方便。由于馈电采用不平衡结构的50 Ω同轴线直接馈电,为抑制共模谐振,辐射阵面下边增加平行H面的金属隔板,且隔板上表面和辐射折叠振子留有空隙,形成非接触的容性结构,从而将共模谐振频率推出工作频段。实测结果在5.5∶1(0.6 GHz~3.3 GHz)带宽内扫描到±50°时有源VSWR小于3.6。
图14为文献[22]设计的双极化8×8阵列及其测试结果。采用水平领结形辐射振子和垂直矩形辐射结构并联组合的形式。该设计的独到之处为:①在辐射阵面上面增加的竖直辐射片和水平领结振子的并联,降低天线的输入阻抗,实现了50 Ω同轴的直接馈电;②正交极化振子末端的接地鱼骨型导体带和辐射振子形成的交指电容可以降低低频频率,展宽工作带宽;③接地的十字形导体支撑结构可以抑制带内的共模谐振,屏蔽馈电结构,同时减小两种极化之间的耦合。实测结果在4.1∶1(0.69 GHz~2.88 GHz)带宽内,扫描至±45°时有源VSWR<3.4。
与传统相控阵天线设计思路不同,紧耦合相控阵天线不再试图消除单元间的互耦,而是利用单元间耦合效应来展宽天线的带宽。紧耦合的工作原理需要阵列单元高密度排布,阵列中每个单元对应的截面尺寸约为最高工作频率对应波长平方的四分之一,从而使相控阵收发器件的结构尺寸严格受限。采用传统的将阵面和收发模块独立设计制造后进行多模块互联组装的设计方法,对于工作在微波频段的阵列天线还具备可行性。如文献[33]中天线工作带宽为180 MHz~620 MHz(3.4∶1),单元截面积足以放置后端的收发模块,该天线于2019年成功应用于格陵兰岛极地冰层探测雷达系统,是众多紧耦合相控阵天线文献中唯一的有工程应用实例的报道。其他对样机扫描状态测试相对完整的文献,天线工作频率均低于21 GHz,天线阵面和后端射频模块间也是采用了模块互联组装的方式。但是,对于小型化、高频化的相控阵天线发展需求,模块互联的组装方式将面临复杂的挑战。随着射频微系统和封装天线(AiP)技术的发展,可以采用高集成的封装有源天线技术取代传统的天线阵面和射频多模块互联模式,将天线、射频、功分和差网络、数据控制等集成到一块高密度多层PCB板上,实现具备扩展能力的高集成一体化有源相控阵天线设计。这种和射频集成融合的高集成设计将是高频小型化紧耦合相控阵天线的发展趋势。
众所周知,偶极子单元的带宽一般为中心频率的10%~20%。而通过本文的介绍可知,将偶极子单元及其邻近单元间的耦合电容紧密排阵,并在辐射面上边增加介质块或超材料结构的宽角阻抗匹配层,在辐射面下部放置导体地面或在辐射面和地面之间插入阻性FSS网络,可实现10倍甚至40倍以上的超宽带宽的紧耦合相控阵,并可实现同时双极化辐射。本文根据紧耦合相控天线的工作原理,并综合国内外的文献报道可知,紧耦合相控阵天线确实具有超宽带、低剖面、低交叉极化等突出优点,采用传统的将阵面、收发模块独立设计制造后进行多模块互联组装的设计方法,用于6 GHz以下频段时实施相对容易,目前研究的也比较多。而将紧耦合相控阵用于毫米波或更高频段时,由于随频率升高单元截面积更小,采用传统的相控阵天线多模块互联模式将面临复杂的挑战。本文基于已有的研究成果,针对目前小型化、高频化的相控阵天线发展需求,对高频小型化紧耦合相控阵天线的发展趋势进行了展望。
  • 军科委173领域基金项目(2021-JCJQ-JJ-0854)
  • 军科委173计划重点项目(2019-JCJQ-ZD-349-00)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
MUNK B A. Finite Antenna Arrays and FSS[M]. New York: Wiley, 2003.
[2]
WHEELER H A. Simple relations derived from a phasedarray antenna made of an infinite current sheet[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1965, 13(4):506-514.
[3]
HOLLAND S S, VOUVAKIS M N. The planar ultrawideband modular antenna (PUMA) array[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2012, 60(1): 130-140.
[4]
CAMERON T R, ELEFTHERIADES G V. Analysis and characterization of a wide-angle impedance matching metasurface for dipole phased arrays[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2015, 63(9): 3928-3938.
[5]
YETISIR E, GHALICHECHIAN N, VOLAKIS J L. Ultrawideband array with 70° scanning using FSS superstrate[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2016, 64(10): 4256-4265.
[6]
JIANG Z G, XIAO S Q, YAO Z X, et al. A planar ultrawideband wide-angle scanning array loaded with polarization-sensitive frequency selective surface structure[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68(11): 7348-7357.
[7]
DOANE J P, SERTEL K, VOLAKIS J L. A wideband, wide scanning tightly coupled dipole array with integrated balun (TCDA-IB)[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61(9): 4538-4548.
[8]
MOULDER W F, SERTEL K, VOLAKIS J L. Superstrate-enhanced ultrawideband tightly coupled array with resistive FSS[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2012, 60(9): 4166-4172.
[9]
CARVALHO M, JOHNSON A D, ALWAN E A, et al. Semi-resistive approach for tightly coupled dipole array bandwidth enhancement[J]. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 2: 110-117.
[10]
NICHOLS M W, ANASTASIADS M O, TAFFE M E, et al. Ultra-wideband tightly coupled dipole array fed by a tapering meandered Balun[J]. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2023, 4: 936-946.
[11]
JONES M, RAWNICK J. A new approach to broadband array design using tightly coupled elements [C]//Proceedings of the IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM), October 29-31, 2007, Orlando, FL, USA. New York: IEEE, 1-7.
[12]
RAWNICK J J, BOOZER R E, TAYLOR R C, et al. Patch dipole array antenna including a feed line organizer body and related methods: US6483464[P]. 2002-11-19.
[13]
MUNK B A. Frequency selective surfaces: Theory and design[M]. Hoboken: Wiley, 2005.
[14]
LOGAN J T, KINDT R W, LEE M Y, et al. A new class of planar ultrawideband modular antenna arrays with improved bandwidth[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2018, 66(2): 692-701.
[15]
ZHONG J, JOHNSON A, ALWAN E A, et al. Duallinear polarized phased array with 9:1 bandwidth and 60° scanning off broadside[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2019, 67(3): 1996-2001.
[16]
JOHNSON D, ZHONG J, VENKATAKRISHNAN S B, et al. Phased array with low-angle scanning and 46∶1 bandwidth[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68(12): 7833-7841.
[17]
HU C H, WANG B Z, WANG R, et al. Ultrawideband, wide-angle scanning array with compact, single-layer feeding network[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68(4): 2788-2796.
[18]
JOHNSON D, MANOHAR V, VENKATAKRISHNAN S B, et al. Optimized differential TCDA (D-TCDA) with novel differential feed structure[J]. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 2: 464-472.
[19]
HOLLAND S S, SCHAUBERT D H, VOUVAKIS M N. A 7-21 GHz dual polarized planar ultrawideband modular antenna (PUMA) array[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2012, 60(10): 4589-4600.
[20]
KASEMODEL J A, CHEN C C, VOLAKIS J L. Wideband planar array with integrated feed and matching network for wide-angle scanning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61(9): 4528-4537.
[21]
SUN D M, HAO Z C, DING C Y, et al. A low-profile ultra-wideband and wide-scanning phased array for UHF applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2023, 71(1): 473-486.
[22]
SUN D M, HAO Z C, LIU W Y, et al. An ultrawideband dual-polarized phased array antenna for sub-3 GHz 5G applications with a high polarization isolation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2023, 71(5):4055-4065.
[24]
HOLLAND S S, VOUVAKIS M N. The banyan tree antenna array[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2011, 59(11): 4060-4070.
[25]
TAYLOR R C, MUNK B A, DURHAM T E. Wideband phased array antenna and associated methods: US65124-87B1[P]. 2003-01-28.
[26]
KASEMODEL J A, CHEN C C, VOLAKIS J L. Wideband planar array with integrated feed and matching network for wide-angle scanning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61(9): 4528-4537.
[27]
WANG Y, ZHU L, WANG H, et al. A compact, scanning tightly coupled dipole array with parasitic strips for next-generation wireless applications[J]. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagation Letters, 2018, 17(4): 534-537.
[28]
TZANIDIS I, SERTEL K, VOLAKIS J L. UWB low-profile tightly coupled dipole array with integrated balun and edge terminations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61(6): 3017-3025.
[29]
DOANE J P, SERTEL K, VOLAKIS J L. A 6.3∶1 bandwidth scanning tightly coupled dipole array with co-designed compact balun[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, July 8-14, 2012, Chicago, IL, USA. New York: IEEE, 1-2.
[30]
NOVAK M H, MIRANDA F A, VOLAKIS J L. Ultra-wideband phased array for millimeter-wave ISM and 5G bands, realized in PCB[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2018, 66(12): 6930-6938.
[31]
DOANE J P, SERTEL K, VOLAKIS J L. Matching bandwidth limits for arrays backed by a conducting ground plane[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61(5): 2511-2518.
[32]
MOGHADDAM S M, YANG J, ZAMAN A U. Fully-planar ultrawideband tightly-coupled array (FPU-TCA)with integrated feed for wide-scanning millimeter-wave applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68(9): 6591-6600.
[33]
LI L F, YAN J B, O'NEILL C, et al. Coplanar side-fed tightly coupled ultra-wideband array for polar ice sounding[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2022, 70(6): 4331-4341.
[34]
SUN J X, CHENG Y J, FAN Y. Planar ultra-wideband and wide-scanning dual-polarized phased array with integrated coupled-marchand balun for high polarization isolation and low cross-polarization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 69(11): 7134-7144.
2025年第46卷第1期
PDF下载
151
72
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20240829001
  • 接收时间:2024-08-29
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-29
  • 修回日期:2024-10-10
基金
军科委173领域基金项目(2021-JCJQ-JJ-0854)
军科委173计划重点项目(2019-JCJQ-ZD-349-00)
作者信息
    北京遥测技术研究所 北京 100076
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ycyk/CN/10.12347/j.ycyk.20240829001
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏