Article(id=1239167208337756945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239167201161302658, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12347/j.ycyk.20250124002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737648000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-24, revisedDate=1739116800000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773370085081, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1741968000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773370085081, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773370085081, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773370085081, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239167201161302658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='142', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773370083370, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773370146323, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239167465285014189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239167201161302658, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239167465285014190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239167201161302658, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=137, endPage=142, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239167208606192414, articleId=1239167208337756945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, language=EN, title=Research on D-Band CPWG-Feed SIW Slot Antenna, columnId=1239167205829563052, journalTitle=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, columnName=Microwave, Antenna, Servo and Feed, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A D-band SIW slot antenna was proposed in this paper. The feeding network consists of a CPWG input, a CPWG-SIW transmission with the wideband and low-loss characteristics from the quasi-TEM mode to quasi-TE10 mode and a rectangular slot with functions of vertical transition, transmission and power-dividing. High-gain radiation was achieved at the SIW slot antenna with good isolation between radiation field and the feeding network. As shown in the simulation results, the bandwidth of 1×4 antenna array achieved an E-plane beam-width of 24° and an H-plane beam-width of 10° at 120 GHz. The gain is more than 18.29 dBi and the VSWR is less than 2.0 with the size of 18.73 mm×5.83 mm×0.55 mm.

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提出了一种工作在D频段的基片集成波导缝隙天线,信号从共面波导端口馈入,通过一段CPWG-SIW(Coplanar Waveguide - Substrate Integrated Waveguide,共面波导-基片集成波导)结构实现宽带低损耗的准TEM(横电磁)模和准TE10(横电10)模式转换,经过矩形窗耦合垂直过渡、传输和功率分配,最终在SIW(Substrate Integrated Waveguide,基片集成波导)缝隙天线阵列实现高增益辐射,这种结构可以实现天线辐射场与馈电端口的良好隔离。仿真结果显示,在120 GHz频点处实现了1×4阵列天线,主瓣宽度为24°(E面)和10°(H面),天线增益≥18.29 dBi,驻波比≤2.0,天线尺寸为18.73 mm× 5.83 mm×0.55 mm。

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邢成浩 1996年生,博士研究生。

刘昊 1976年生,博士,研究员,博士生导师。

祝大龙 1980年生,博士,研究员。

马同礼 1989年生,博士,高级工程师。。

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Substrate thickness

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层级厚度层级厚度
金属层M10.015 mm介质层L10.13 mm
金属层M20.035 mm介质层L20.161 mm
金属层M30.035 mm介质层L30.178 mm
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基板厚度表

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层级厚度层级厚度
金属层M10.015 mm介质层L10.13 mm
金属层M20.035 mm介质层L20.161 mm
金属层M30.035 mm介质层L30.178 mm
), ArticleFig(id=1239285171174822251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239167208337756945, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of Similar Achievements

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数本文设计文献[18]文献[19]文献[20]
频率/GHZ116~124130~140138~14890~120
馈电结构CPWG-SIWWR6-SIWMicrostrip-SIWCPW-SIW
增益/dBi≥18.29≥10.8≥2(单缝)14.6~15.3
), ArticleFig(id=1239285171292262768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239167208337756945, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

相似成果比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数本文设计文献[18]文献[19]文献[20]
频率/GHZ116~124130~140138~14890~120
馈电结构CPWG-SIWWR6-SIWMicrostrip-SIWCPW-SIW
增益/dBi≥18.29≥10.8≥2(单缝)14.6~15.3
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基于CPWG馈电结构的D频段SIW缝隙天线研究
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邢成浩 , 刘昊 , 祝大龙 , 马同礼
遥测遥控 | 微波天伺馈 2025,46(2): 137-142
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遥测遥控 | 微波天伺馈 2025, 46(2): 137-142
基于CPWG馈电结构的D频段SIW缝隙天线研究
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邢成浩, 刘昊, 祝大龙, 马同礼
作者信息
  • 北京遥测技术研究所 北京 100076
  • 邢成浩 1996年生,博士研究生。

    刘昊 1976年生,博士,研究员,博士生导师。

    祝大龙 1980年生,博士,研究员。

    马同礼 1989年生,博士,高级工程师。。

Research on D-Band CPWG-Feed SIW Slot Antenna
Chenghao XING, Hao LIU, Dalong ZHU, Tongli MA
Affiliations
  • Beijing Research Institute of Telemetry, Beijing 100076, China
出版时间: 2025-03-15 doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20250124002
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提出了一种工作在D频段的基片集成波导缝隙天线,信号从共面波导端口馈入,通过一段CPWG-SIW(Coplanar Waveguide - Substrate Integrated Waveguide,共面波导-基片集成波导)结构实现宽带低损耗的准TEM(横电磁)模和准TE10(横电10)模式转换,经过矩形窗耦合垂直过渡、传输和功率分配,最终在SIW(Substrate Integrated Waveguide,基片集成波导)缝隙天线阵列实现高增益辐射,这种结构可以实现天线辐射场与馈电端口的良好隔离。仿真结果显示,在120 GHz频点处实现了1×4阵列天线,主瓣宽度为24°(E面)和10°(H面),天线增益≥18.29 dBi,驻波比≤2.0,天线尺寸为18.73 mm× 5.83 mm×0.55 mm。

基片集成波导  /  缝隙天线  /  带地共面波导  /  D频段

A D-band SIW slot antenna was proposed in this paper. The feeding network consists of a CPWG input, a CPWG-SIW transmission with the wideband and low-loss characteristics from the quasi-TEM mode to quasi-TE10 mode and a rectangular slot with functions of vertical transition, transmission and power-dividing. High-gain radiation was achieved at the SIW slot antenna with good isolation between radiation field and the feeding network. As shown in the simulation results, the bandwidth of 1×4 antenna array achieved an E-plane beam-width of 24° and an H-plane beam-width of 10° at 120 GHz. The gain is more than 18.29 dBi and the VSWR is less than 2.0 with the size of 18.73 mm×5.83 mm×0.55 mm.

Substrate integrated waveguide  /  Slot antenna  /  Coplanar waveguide grounded  /  D-band
邢成浩, 刘昊, 祝大龙, 马同礼. 基于CPWG馈电结构的D频段SIW缝隙天线研究. 遥测遥控, 2025 , 46 (2) : 137 -142 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20250124002
Chenghao XING, Hao LIU, Dalong ZHU, Tongli MA. Research on D-Band CPWG-Feed SIW Slot Antenna[J]. Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, 2025 , 46 (2) : 137 -142 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20250124002
基片集成波导(SIW,Substrate Integrated Waveguide)作为目前最成熟且流行的基板集成电路(SIC,Substrate Integrated Circuits)结构,已在诸多研究中被提及[1,2],它通过在介质衬底上嵌入两排金属化过孔或金属化槽就可以实现类似于传统矩形波导的高质量机械屏蔽和电磁屏蔽效果。近年来,印刷电路板(PCB,Printed Circuits Board)技术、低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC,Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramic)技术、高温共烧陶瓷(HTCC,High-Temperature Cofired Ceramic)技术和光成像技术(PI,Photo-Imageable)工艺都已被广泛应用到各种单层或多层SIW电路中。
近年来,基片集成波导(SIW)因其高集成度、低损耗特性,在毫米波雷达、6G通信等领域备受关注[3-6]。然而,D频段(110 GHz~170 GHz)天线设计面临高频损耗大、加工精度要求高等挑战,亟需新型馈电结构与模式转换方案[7-11]。SIW阵列天线具有高增益、高功率容量、低交叉极化和高选择性的优点,又具有平面天线的尺寸小、重量轻、制造成本低和兼容平面/弯曲面的优势。
本次设计所提出的D频段SIW缝隙天线是基于有机多层板,并采用带地共面波导(CPWG,Coplanar Waveguide Grounded)馈电结构。基于多级CPWG匹配和弯槽设计实现了CPWG-SIW的宽带匹配,并且,通过中心缝隙馈电的SIW缝隙天线采用了切比雪夫原型调整缝隙偏移量和缝隙长度,实现了宽带高增益的辐射效果。基于这种馈电结构的SIW缝隙天线,具有低副瓣、窄波束和高增益的良好性能,适合毫米波相控阵雷达的应用,另外凭借尺寸小、易集成和易加工的结构优势,在通信领域具有广阔的发展前景。
基片集成波导的基本结构如图1所示,除了介质基板厚度h和相对介电常数εr之外,SIW的主要参数有三个:SIW宽度a、金属化过孔直径d和过孔间距s。文献[12]中结合BI-RME(边界积分共振模式扩展)方法和Floquet定理,对SIW的色散特性和传输特性进行了严格的研究,验证了SIW可以类比为填充相同介质材料的矩形波导。
在式(1)中,
选取合适的ds之后,a具有类似于式(1)的近似关系式(3)[13]
类似于矩形波导,SIW的特征阻抗可以表示为式(4),这为馈电网络的阻抗匹配设计提供了理论支撑。
另外,为了避免能量泄露和结构机械强度的平衡,根据文献[14],SIW的设计需要符合如式(5)的规则:
其中,λc是介质内波导波长。
根据辐射方向来分,SIW天线可以分为宽边缝隙式和端射式[2],虽然端射式的SIW天线也可以与射频电路集成,但是射频电路放置在天线附近会引起辐射方向图恶化,这种情况下就只允许一维波束扫描。因此,本次设计采用宽边缝隙式天线,基本结构如图2所示。除了SIW的基本参数之外,SIW缝隙天线的主要参数还包括缝隙宽度sw、长度sl、距离中心点的偏移量x和缝隙间距p
根据文献[15,16],忽略传输线影响,仅考虑纵缝带来的传输特性的变化,则传输系数可以表示为
式(6)中,SS是传输参数矩阵,β是TE10模下的传输常数,归一化导纳可以表示为
式(7)中,G0为电导Y在该传输线下的特征电导。根据式(7),在不同的x处,可以通过选择适当的sl来获得合适的缝隙长度和G/G0进而使得B/G0=0,当sl远离谐振长度时,不同的x对应的特征导纳会发散。特别对于阵列缝隙天线来说,除了入射源场之外,缝隙中还有两种源场:缝隙间通过自由空间的耦合场和通过介质之间的耦合场。因此根据文献[17]中对纵缝等效电路的分析,加上对相互耦合效应的修正之后,可以得出:
在式(8)中,
式(8)和式(9)中,V是槽电压分布,可以运用上述的方法迭代计算出基于切比雪夫原型的SIW缝隙天线的初始值。
本次设计通过三维全波电磁仿真软件HFSS 2022 R1进行建模与优化,根据切比雪夫多项式确定各缝隙的激励幅度比,通过调整缝隙偏移量xn和长度ln实现对称渐变分布,在CPWG传输路径上引入弯折补偿,确保各个通道的馈电相位差<5°,从而抑制波束倾斜,实现均匀辐射特性。
天线的一个通道结构如图3所示,天线一共由3层金属层和3层介质层组成,其中金属材料为铜,介质材料为松下的M6板材,材质为PPO+陶瓷+玻纤布,介电常数为3.65,损耗角正切为0.004 5,每一层的厚度见表1
整个天线可以分为三个部分:
① CPWG馈电网络:由三级高低阻抗级联结构实现宽带匹配。
② SIW垂直过渡:通过矩形窗耦合实现层间信号传输与功率分配。
③ 缝隙阵列天线:基于切比雪夫分布优化缝隙偏移量与长度,抑制副瓣并提升增益。
在天线模块的最上层,信号能量从端口A馈入,经过CPWG-SIW过渡结构从TEM模转化成TE10模,信号在SIW1腔中通过M2层的矩形耦合窗1向下进入SIW2腔中,再通过M2层的矩形耦合窗2将下层结构传输上来的能量进行等功率分配。此外,天线阵列的宽边纵缝交错地分布在中线两侧,在SIW信号传输方向两端通过金属化通孔实现末端短路。
共面波导作为一种微波和毫米波传输线,它的电性能与介质厚度几乎无关,所以它可以用于厚衬底的微波电路设计中。不仅如此,相较于微带线,共面波导在太赫兹及以上频段的损耗更小,抗电磁干扰能力也更强。
在本次设计中,天线馈电网络由CPWG-SIW过渡结构和SIW E面垂直过渡结构组成。图4(a)中展示了CPWG-SIW过渡结构,右侧是SIW,左侧是三级高低阻抗CPWG级联结构。CPWG的传输模式为准TEM模,SIW的传输模式为TE10模,在第三级的CPWG的输出末端添加弯槽(长度woffset约为四分之一波长,宽度为loffset,在这个槽线上的电场一端最小,另一端最大,这种电场的分布可以实现与TE10模的良好匹配[18]。另外,由于从CPWG到SIW过渡中电场的不连续性,设计了三级CPWG来实现在较大的带宽上进行良好的阻抗匹配。
尽管CPWG结构在毫米波频段的表面抑制优于微带线,但接地平面间隙仍可能引入边缘泄漏。本次设计采用以下方案解决泄漏问题:
① 在CPWG两侧添加金属化过孔阵列(间距<0.3λ),形成电磁屏障,控制泄漏功率。
② 采用高介电常数基板压缩场分布,减少边缘场耦合。
相邻通道的电场分布如图5所示,仿真结果表明,在100 GHz~140 GHz范围内,通道之间(相邻通道中心距离为1.5 mm)隔离度<-45 dB,电磁泄漏抑制较好。
图6为SIW去嵌之后,CPWG-SIW过渡结构在110 GHz~130 GHz范围内的传输系数和反射系数。S11<-15 dB并且S21>-0.8 dB对应的频带为110.3 GHz~128.8 GHz之间,馈电口匹配良好。和普通的SIW开窗缝隙耦合馈电相比,这种馈电网络设计的频带更宽,加工精度要求也更低。2.2.2 矩形窗耦合设计
从1.1和1.2章节的理论分析可以得到,本次设计采用矩形窗实现信号从上层到下层的耦合,在不连续处通过改变SIW的宽度有效地提高了过渡结构的传输特性,结构如图7所示。
图8为去嵌之后SIW垂直过渡结构在110 GHz~130 GHz范围内的传输系数和反射系数。S11<-25 dB且S21>-0.7 dB对应的频带为113.45 GHz~128.2 GHz,垂直过渡效果良好。
根据前面关于馈电网络及相关结构的设计内容,将馈电网络组合起来,天线阵元的反射系数S11参数如图9所示,在116 GHz~124 GHz范围内实现了-10 dB的带宽,驻波比≤2.0。
最终1×4天线阵列如图10所示,通过切比雪夫原型对缝隙的位置和长短进行微调,最终得出的1×4阵列天线增益方向图如图11所示。从图11中可以看出,对于116 GHz,H面的副瓣为-11.52 dB,波束宽度为12°,E面的副瓣为-12.95 dB,波束宽度为24°;对于124 GHz处,H面的副瓣为-8.37 dB,波束宽度为11°,E面的副瓣为-12.96 dB,波束宽度为23°;对于中心频点120 GHz处,天线的最高增益达到19.95 dBi,H面的副瓣为-10.77 dB,波束宽度为10°,E面的副瓣为-13.23 dB,波束宽度为24°。本文设计与文献[18-20]中的D频段天线的参数比较见表2
与文献[18-20]中的D频段天线相比,本文设计的1×4阵列天线在120 GHz出的增益显著提升,同时过渡结构较为紧凑,在优化结构尺寸的同时实现了较低的传输损耗,优于同类设计。
本文提出了一种基于CPWG-SIW宽带过渡的D频段缝隙阵列天线,通过多级匹配与切比雪夫分布优化,在120 GHz处实现18.29 dBi增益与24°×10°窄波束,尺寸仅为18.73 mm×5.83 mm×0.55 mm。该设计为毫米波相控阵雷达与6G通信系统提供了高集成度解决方案,未来可以结合半模SIW多模谐振理论,实现双频覆盖,还可以改良多层PCB方案降低量产成本。
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2025年第46卷第2期
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doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20250124002
  • 接收时间:2025-01-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-24
  • 修回日期:2025-02-10
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