Article(id=1239167202834837564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239167201161302658, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12347/j.ycyk.20241227001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735228800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-27, revisedDate=1739894400000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773370083769, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1741968000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773370083769, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773370083769, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773370083769, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239167201161302658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='142', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773370083370, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773370146323, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239167465285014189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239167201161302658, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239167465285014190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239167201161302658, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=86, endPage=91, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239167203090690110, articleId=1239167202834837564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, language=EN, title=Research and Application of Automated Testing Technology for TT&C Equipment, columnId=1239133503154081962, journalTitle=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, columnName=TT & C Communication and Navigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The task volume of TT&C equipment executing satellite management tasks is increasing day by day. The daily shutdown maintenance, performance index testing and increasing workload of equipment have become contradictory. Equipment maintenance and performance index testing demand efficient automated testing methods. This article researches the integrated operation management system based on lightweight cloud, analyzes the software and hardware composition of the automated testing system, deploys automated testing software on the integrated operation management system, and improves the reliability of software operation. It has also proposed an automated testing strategy for high-density task states, optimized the automated testing process, and implemented the function of rapid and automated testing of TT&C performance indices. By testing the effective isotropic radiated power—EIRP value of the system, and applying the automated testing system in practice, the testing efficiency has been significantly improved.

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当前,统一测控设备执行卫星管理任务的任务量日益增加,装备的日常停机维护和指标测试与日益增加的任务量之间产生矛盾,这对高效率的自动化测试方法提出更多需求。本文研究了基于轻量云的综合运管系统,分析了自动化测试系统的软硬件组成,将自动化测试软件布设于综合运管系统上,提高了软件运行的可靠性。还提出了高密度任务状态下自动化测试策略,优化了自动化测试流程,实现了对航天测控装备指标快速自动化测试的功能。通过系统有效全向辐射功率(EIRP)值的测试,测试效率得到了明显提高。

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卢栋 1984年生,硕士,工程师。

朱厚强 1985年生,本科,工程师。

孙叙 1992年生,本科,助理工程师。

王智斐 1994年生,本科,助理工程师。。

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Statistical table of indicator automation testing information (part)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试项目所属系统耗时等级参数/配置所需工具
EIRP值全系统1 h
(重要)
100/1功率计、频谱仪、线缆
GT值全系统1 h
(重要)
100/1信号源、频谱仪、线缆
遥测误码率基带0.5 h
(重要)
200/2
频率响应测试信道0.5 h200/3频谱仪、线缆
), ArticleFig(id=1239285168431756060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239167202834837564, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

指标自动化测试信息统计表(部分)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试项目所属系统耗时等级参数/配置所需工具
EIRP值全系统1 h
(重要)
100/1功率计、频谱仪、线缆
GT值全系统1 h
(重要)
100/1信号源、频谱仪、线缆
遥测误码率基带0.5 h
(重要)
200/2
频率响应测试信道0.5 h200/3频谱仪、线缆
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统一测控设备自动化测试技术研究与应用
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卢栋 , 朱厚强 , 孙叙 , 王智斐
遥测遥控 | 测控通信与导航 2025,46(2): 86-91
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遥测遥控 | 测控通信与导航 2025, 46(2): 86-91
统一测控设备自动化测试技术研究与应用
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卢栋, 朱厚强, 孙叙, 王智斐
作者信息
  • 63636部队 酒泉 732750
  • 卢栋 1984年生,硕士,工程师。

    朱厚强 1985年生,本科,工程师。

    孙叙 1992年生,本科,助理工程师。

    王智斐 1994年生,本科,助理工程师。。

Research and Application of Automated Testing Technology for TT&C Equipment
Dong LU, Houqiang ZHU, Xu SUN, Zhifei WANG
Affiliations
  • Unit 63636, Jiuquan 732750, China
出版时间: 2025-03-15 doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20241227001
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当前,统一测控设备执行卫星管理任务的任务量日益增加,装备的日常停机维护和指标测试与日益增加的任务量之间产生矛盾,这对高效率的自动化测试方法提出更多需求。本文研究了基于轻量云的综合运管系统,分析了自动化测试系统的软硬件组成,将自动化测试软件布设于综合运管系统上,提高了软件运行的可靠性。还提出了高密度任务状态下自动化测试策略,优化了自动化测试流程,实现了对航天测控装备指标快速自动化测试的功能。通过系统有效全向辐射功率(EIRP)值的测试,测试效率得到了明显提高。

统一测控装备  /  自动化测试  /  综合运管  /  EIRP值

The task volume of TT&C equipment executing satellite management tasks is increasing day by day. The daily shutdown maintenance, performance index testing and increasing workload of equipment have become contradictory. Equipment maintenance and performance index testing demand efficient automated testing methods. This article researches the integrated operation management system based on lightweight cloud, analyzes the software and hardware composition of the automated testing system, deploys automated testing software on the integrated operation management system, and improves the reliability of software operation. It has also proposed an automated testing strategy for high-density task states, optimized the automated testing process, and implemented the function of rapid and automated testing of TT&C performance indices. By testing the effective isotropic radiated power—EIRP value of the system, and applying the automated testing system in practice, the testing efficiency has been significantly improved.

TT&C equipment  /  Automated testing  /  Integrated operation management  /  EIRP value
卢栋, 朱厚强, 孙叙, 王智斐. 统一测控设备自动化测试技术研究与应用. 遥测遥控, 2025 , 46 (2) : 86 -91 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20241227001
Dong LU, Houqiang ZHU, Xu SUN, Zhifei WANG. Research and Application of Automated Testing Technology for TT&C Equipment[J]. Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, 2025 , 46 (2) : 86 -91 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20241227001
随着火箭运载能力及航天器制造技术的不断提高,加之军民融合政策的促进,近年来我国在轨卫星数量大幅增加。统一测控设备作为卫星测控的主力装备承担的任务量也随之增多,执行卫星长期在轨管理任务已经成为测控站24小时无间歇的状态。对测控设备的检修检测和指标测试是掌握设备状态、保持设备正常运行的重要手段,各类检测和测试往往需要消耗较多的时间。高密度的任务状态和对设备的检修检测、性能指标测试成为一种矛盾[1,2]。有些测试过程还需要用到多种复杂的仪器与设备进行连接,需要测试人员熟练掌握设备信号流程、指标测试方法等,人员的能力也会对测试进程带来较大的影响。文献[3-6]基于测试计算机、开关网络、测试仪器等部件设计并实现了测控装备的自动化测试软硬件系统,但传统的物理测试计算机及测试软件的可靠性还不够高,需要进一步提升;文献[7-10]对自动化测试的方法和策略进行了分析,但对当前高密度任务下自动化测试系统的应用策略和方法分析不足。针对高密度任务下设备测试的需求,本研究和应用基于轻量云的自动化测试系统,可提高系统的可靠性;建立高密度任务下的自动化测试策略,优化自动化测试流程,利用任务间隙时间以及设备的在线热备份机制,开展指标快速自动化测试,对兼顾任务和设备测试具有较好的工程应用价值。
自动化测试分系统的主要功能是完成对统一测控设备重要指标的自动化测试,系统需具备本地操作的能力和接受远程操作的能力,测试过程可在监控分系统的统一组织下进行。过程中系统除了要完成测试开关网络的切换、频谱仪和信号源等仪器参数的设置、测试数据采集处理等功能外,还要将测试结果上报监控分系统,由监控分系统生成指定格式的测试报告。
为兼顾统一测控设备常态化参加任务和指标测试的需求,自动化测试分系统应具备以下特点:① 能够自动快速建立测试链路,整个测试过程无需人工干预;② 测试过程可视化,能够实时显示当前用例的测试过程和步骤;③ 人机接口软件采用人性化设计,提供友好便捷的用户操作界面;④ 测试结果要求准确可靠,能友好展示,能生成指定格式的测试报告;⑤ 测试用例编排全面,覆盖测控设备重要系统指标,并具有可扩展性。在软件设计上优化测试算法和合理设计执行过程来提高测试效率,软件的设计严格按照软件工程来设计流程,提高软件的可靠性和灵活性[11,12]
自动化测试系统平台结构主要由测试开关网络、自动化测试计算机、自动化测试软件、测试仪器及连接电缆、附属的校零变频器、联试应答机等组成。测试计算机通过网络接口与测试开关网络、监控分系统等连接[13]。与传统的测控设备自动化测试系统相比,本系统软件在基于轻量云的综合运管分系统上运行,系统的可靠性得到了较大提高。
新一代统一测控设备通过综合运管分系统对自动测试软件、监控软件、数据交互软件、健康管理软件及数据库等进行统一管理。综合运管分系统是由软件和硬件设备构成的计算机系统,以软件为主。为达到资源共用的目的,综合运管分系统采用轻量化的云对物理计算机进行虚拟化,为软件的运行提供计算环境,其顶层的体系架构如图1所示。
在软件和硬件之间,综合运管分系统将物理机器虚拟为逻辑机器,供应用软件使用,起到资源共享的综合运管目的,系统采用一套轻量化的云产品,用于管理虚拟机的生存周期。
云管理系统是一套软件系统,部署在所有的物理节点上,构成云管理集群,不需要专门的管理端,所有节点共同维护虚拟机的全寿命周期。用户可通过B/S(浏览器/服务器)方式访问任何一个管理节点,向整个云管理系统提交虚拟机使用需求,云管理系统对用户提出的虚拟机使用需求进行响应,并根据各物理机的负载情况,将虚拟机在某一台物理机中运行起来。一台物理机失效后,运行云软件的部分物理节点随之失效。此时,位于其他正常物理节点上的云软件会进行仲裁,将失效物理机上的虚拟机自动迁移到其他的物理机上,实现软件运行的高可靠性。自动化测试软件就是运行在综合运管分系统上的一个子模块。
自动测试模块为单进程部件,运行在综合运管平台上,其构成与对外连接如图2所示。自动测试模块对外(包括仪器)均采用千兆以太网进行连接,接收监控分系统下达的指标测试命令,控制各类仪器进行参数设置和信号收发,获取仪器的测试数据,处理后送监控分系统,从而执行监控分系统规定的指标测试过程。
自动测试模块在空闲时可响应监控分系统的指令,采集频谱仪的频谱图样,并通过单独的网络接口发送给远程中心。自动测试模块运行在综合运管平台上,一般由监控分系统操作。在需要本地操作时,可通过综合运管客户端计算机的远程桌面客户端实现自动测试模块的本地操作。
自动化测试软件的体系架构为分层设计模式,该结构将应用程序划分为不同的层次[14-16],每一层负责一组明确的功能,具有模块化和可维护性的特点,如图3所示,共划分为四层:顶层为测试应用层,根据测试项目制定测试方法,编制相应的自动测试软件;第二层为测试计算机系统软件开发层,根据方案确定的测试计算机的软硬件环境,完成计算机系统软件的开发,可细分为数据通信层、仪器驱动层、操作系统层等;第三层为测试设备和接口适配层,通过接口适配器将输出信号和被测的输入信号与测试仪器连接起来;底层为测试对象层,通过接口适配层连接被测设备。
当前航天测控站的卫星测控任务非常繁重,及时了解设备的工作状态和性能指标有助于掌握设备的质量和底数,而高密度任务与测试需求在时间上存在冲突。应用好自动化测试系统,能有效解决繁重任务和测试需求之间的矛盾。具体应用策略为:① 全员参与、专人负责。所有岗位人员都要熟练掌握自动化测试系统的操作使用方法,提高整体应用能力,避免短板效应,在此基础上不同分系统由专人负责,提高测试和设备维护效率。② 对设备众多的测试指标进行分类。按照重要程度分为高、中、低三种等级,将可衡量整机性能的指标设为重点测试指标,如:有效全向辐射功率(EIRP)值、系统品质因数(G/T)、系统的接收解调误码率等,优先进行高等级和重点指标测试。③ 建立自动化测试清单。将不同指标的测试流程、指标值、测试耗时、测试链路、测试等级、是否为重点指标等信息,建立指标自动化测试流程清单和记录表格,作为后续测试的参考依据,如表1所示。④ 规范任务计划管理。定期根据卫星管理任务计划查看卫星测控任务的间隙时间,把指标自动化测试的时间与间隙时间进行比对,根据需求选取合适的时间开展指标测试。⑤ 测试数据分析。每一次的指标测试都要有详细的记录,包括测试内容、测试时间、指标测试结果、发现的问题及处理措施等。通过对多次测试记录的分析,可以总结出设备的工作状态和可能发生的问题,为设备的使用和维护、参加任务的注意事项等提供依据。
此外,测控设备的各个分系统如变频器、功放模块、低噪声放大器、多功能数字基带等,大多都有多套冗余备份,可以交替使用主机和备机工作,通过自动化测试分系统对所有主备模块和备品备件都进行快速测试,全面掌握设备各个组成模块的工作状态和性能参数。对有异常的在线模块,使其处于备份状态,对其进行维修或更换,一定程度上可兼顾繁重的卫星管理任务和设备维修测试。
典型的自动化测试流程图如图4所示:操作人员在测试界面上选择需要测试的指标(已编排出多个测试用例供选择),监控分系统根据被测指标的特性自动建立环路,控制被测分系统和测试服务器逐项进行指标测试,显示存储测试结果。
应用自动化测试分系统可完成一键式自动化测试,前提是需要监控分系统加载任务参数宏、设置链路配置使自动化测试分系统处于可执行状态。每个测试项目的执行过程为:监控分系统完成链路切换及设备参数加载;监控分系统发送测试命令到自动化测试分系统;自动化测试分系统配置测试开关网络,将测试设备和被测设备正确连接,并设置测试仪器(信号源、频谱仪等)的参数;自动化测试分系统从测试设备采集数据,分析和处理数据,并将测试结果上报监控分系统[17,18]
上述流程中,除了加载任务参数宏和设置链路配置需要人工操作,其余动作均由自动化测试系统自动执行完成。为进一步提高测试效率,可建立不同指标对应的设备配置链路并生成固定配置宏号,不同指标需要的参数设置生成固定参数宏号,在应用自动化测试分系统时根据测试需求直接查找对应的宏号并调用(如表1中所示),可以节约加载设备参数和配置设备链路耗费的时间。
自动化测试分系统也可以分控单独工作,操作员手动或操作监控软件完成被测设备的配置;而后在自动测试软件界面上选择测试项目,自动化测试虚拟机在自动完成测试开关网络和测试设备配置后,开始测试工作,采集和分析处理测试数据,并显示测试结果。
在无线电测控系统中,常常用EIRP来代表卫星测控设备发射系统的发射能力。它指天线所发射的功率PT与该天线增益GT的乘积,即:PEIRP=PT×GT。它表明了定向天线在最大辐射方向实际所辐射的功率。它比全向辐射时在这个方向上所辐射的功率大GT倍,名称上“有效”也就是这个含义[19]。实际的发射装置中,发射机与天线之间有一段馈线,设馈线的损耗为LF(馈线输入功率与输出功率的比值,LF>1),发射机输出功率为PTE,则:PEIRP=PTE GT / LF (W),工程应用上常以分贝值来表示,用方括号[x]来表示x的分贝值,即:[PEIRP]=([PTE]-[LF]+[GT])(dBW)。
在卫星测控领域,各地面测控站多采用对标校塔测试这一传统方式测量EIRP值。在标校塔上放置信标天线、连接线缆、频谱仪等设备和仪器,地面测控设备天线对塔,塔上天线接收到地面发出的信号,利用频谱仪测量出接收信号的强度,通过上行链路信号计算得到EIRP值。但每次使用该测试方法,都需要将频谱仪、线缆等仪器和工具搬运到标校塔上,地面人员与塔上人员配合,建立信号链路,开展测试工作,整个测试过程耗费的人力和时间较多,且测试环节繁琐,已经影响到卫星测控任务的开展。此外,机动测控设备在野外无塔环境下无法利用标校塔进行EIRP值的测试。利用自动化测试系统并结合有塔无塔对比测试的方法[20],可以有效节省测试时间、减少测试环节、提高测试效率。具体测试方法如下。
第一步,首先需要人工进行标定,采用对塔方式测得EIRP值并记录功放的输出功率Pt。测试需在小功率状态下进行,功放输出耦合一路至功率计,测得功放实际输出功率Pt,由塔上的测试天线和频谱仪可以测得接收功率Pr
则有效全向辐射功率PEIRP0=PEIPRs+(PmaxPt )。式中,PEIPRs—小信号有效辐射功率;Gs —塔上接收天线增益;Ls —电缆损耗;Le —测试误差;Pmax —功放额定输出功率;Pt —功放实际输出功率;Lsp=20lgF(MHz)+20lgR(km)+32.44为无线电波空间损耗。记录功放的输出功率Pt及EIRP对塔测试结果PEIRP0
第二步,采用如图5所示的偏馈无线闭环的方式进行连接,设置高功放的输出功率也为Pt,用频谱仪测得高功放耦合口的功率为P0
第三步,在以后的EIRP值自动测试过程中,不需要再使用标校塔,可通过自动化测试分系统自动按照图5所示的偏馈无线闭环方式进行。具体流程为:设置高功放发送功率为Pt,和第一步有塔方式下一致,用频谱仪测得高功放耦合输出口的功率Px。然后调用第一步对塔测试的有效全向辐射功率零值PEIRP0与第二步高功放耦合口的功率零值P0,便可计算出:
测试完毕后,自动化测试分系统会自动显示并记录EIRP值的测试结果,在本控模式下会把测试结果上报给监控分系统。使用自动化测试并结合有塔无塔对比的方法,大大简化了EIRP值的测试步骤,节省了人力和时间。
EIRP值的自动化测试仅是一个系统指标测试应用,对系统的下行系统指标系统品质因数(G/T)值的测试也可应用自动化测试分系统并结合有塔无塔对比的方法,测试步骤也得到极大的精简。统一测控装备其他的一些重要指标如:信号频谱特性检查、发射功率测试、载波环路带宽、AGC(自动增益控制)特性、遥测(数传)误码率、系统捕获性能等,在自动化测试分系统中均有编排,操作人员可根据实际需求,调用设置好的参数宏和配置宏,使用自动化测试分系统对这些指标进行快速测试。
自动化测试在当前高密度卫星测控任务下有着十分重要的意义,它能够节约测试时间、简化测试流程、提高测试效率,帮助岗位人员及时掌握设备工作状态。本文对统一测控设备的工作现状和测试需求进行了论述,深入研究了基于轻量云的综合运管分系统,在此系统的基础上实现了自动化测试分系统,运行于多节点的轻量云对虚拟机进行调度和管理,可实现虚拟机快速动态重组应用,提高了自动化测试系统运行的可靠性,并且提出了高密度任务下自动化测试系统的应用策略,优化了自动化测试系统的测试流程并进行了实际应用。针对系统上行指标有效全向辐射功率EIRP值,通过传统测试方法与自动化测试的方法进行对比测试,直观体现出自动化测试系统高效的应用效果。在高密度任务下的指标测试中,合理利用自动化测试分系统给操作人员带来很大的便利,一定程度上解决了设备指标测试和繁重任务之间的矛盾。
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doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20241227001
  • 接收时间:2024-12-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-03-15
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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