Article(id=1239165052264173807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239165048212476136, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12347/j.ycyk.20240721001, pmid=null, cstr=32406.14.ycyk.20240721001, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721491200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-21, revisedDate=1728576000000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773369571033, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1757865600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773369571033, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773369571033, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773369571033, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239165048212476136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773369570067, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773617788336, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240206151170707811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239165048212476136, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240206151170707812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239165048212476136, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=89, endPage=97, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239165052499054834, articleId=1239165052264173807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, language=EN, title=Research on Highly Robust Navigation and Positioning Algorithm Based on Interference Pattern Recognition, columnId=1239165052184482030, journalTitle=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, columnName=Navigation Technology Column, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Traditional inertial-satellite integrated navigation relies on satellite navigation to provide high-precision positioning results for position correction, which is difficult to adapt to the environment of strong suppression interference. To address this issue, this paper proposes an inertial navigation correction method based on interference direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, which can provide satellite-independent positioning correction information in strong jamming environments. The algorithm first estimates the interference direction-of-arrival (DOA) using compressed sensing-based direction finding, then combines this with the shortterm high-precision vehicle trajectory provided by inertial navigation to localize low-dynamic or stationary interference sources. Subsequently, it utilizes the estimated interference source positions and DOA information to inversely determine the aircraft’s position, ultimately providing the inertial navigation system with a satellite-independent correction reference. It is suitable for extreme suppression interference confrontation environment where satellite navigation cannot work for a long time. The main innovation is that a robust positioning method based on the position estimation of the interference source, which provides a extra positioning information source other than satellite navigation for inertial navigation in the application scenario where satellite navigation fails due to interference, and the corrected positioning information source does not need to add additional hardware sensors. The simulation results show that the algorithm can provide stable positioning for inertial navigation in the environment of four static strongly suppressed interference sources, and meet the navigation and positioning requirements in the environment of strong electromagnetic interference.

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传统惯性卫星组合导航依赖卫星导航提供高精度定位结果进行位置修正,难以适应强压制干扰环境。针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于干扰来向估计的惯性导航修正方法,可在强压制干扰环境下提供不依赖卫星导航的定位修正信息。该算法首先基于压缩感知干扰测向技术获得干扰源来向,并结合惯性导航提供的短时精度可保障的载具轨迹完成低动态或静止的干扰源位置定位,随后使用干扰源和干扰来向反向完成飞行器定位,最终为惯性导航系统提供不依赖卫星导航的修正参考源。该方法适用于卫星导航长时间无法工作的极端导航压制干扰对抗环境。其主要创新点在于提出了一种基于干扰源位置估计的稳健反向定位方法,为惯性导航在卫星导航因干扰失效的应用场景中提供了一种卫星导航以外的修正定位信息源,该修正定位信息源无需增加额外的硬件传感器。仿真结果证明,该算法可以在4个静态强压制干扰源环境下,为惯性导航提供稳定的修正定位精度,满足强电磁干扰环境下的导航定位需求。

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高立朝 1988年生,博士,高级工程师。

张荣兵 1980年生,硕士,研究员。

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高立朝 1988年生,博士,高级工程师。

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张荣兵 1980年生,硕士,研究员。

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张荣兵 1980年生,硕士,研究员。

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different array elements number, figureFileSmall=AYAYKRnvYgQ0bi8YN9M5UA==, figureFileBig=VloIEhkHiYxhz3ZOHa4o7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265688745996739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239165052264173807, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同阵元个数对应定位误差标准差, figureFileSmall=AYAYKRnvYgQ0bi8YN9M5UA==, figureFileBig=VloIEhkHiYxhz3ZOHa4o7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239265688834077130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239165052264173807, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The standard deviation of the positioning error with different array elements number

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阵元个数6789101112
本文算法定位精度/(m)64.951 961.600 150.916 849.908 449.778 649.182 248.412 9
传统自适应波束阵列抗干扰算法定位精度/(m)NANNANNANNANNANNANNAN
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不同阵元个数对应定位误差标准差性能对比表

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阵元个数6789101112
本文算法定位精度/(m)64.951 961.600 150.916 849.908 449.778 649.182 248.412 9
传统自适应波束阵列抗干扰算法定位精度/(m)NANNANNANNANNANNANNAN
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基于干扰来向估计的高稳健导航定位算法研究
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高立朝 , 张荣兵
遥测遥控 | 导航技术专栏 2025,46(5): 89-97
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遥测遥控 | 导航技术专栏 2025, 46(5): 89-97
基于干扰来向估计的高稳健导航定位算法研究
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高立朝, 张荣兵
作者信息
  • 北京遥测技术研究所 北京 100076
  • 高立朝 1988年生,博士,高级工程师。

    张荣兵 1980年生,硕士,研究员。

Research on Highly Robust Navigation and Positioning Algorithm Based on Interference Pattern Recognition
Lichao GAO, Rongbing ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Beijing Research Institute of Telemetry, Beijing 100076, China
出版时间: 2025-09-15 doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20240721001
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传统惯性卫星组合导航依赖卫星导航提供高精度定位结果进行位置修正,难以适应强压制干扰环境。针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于干扰来向估计的惯性导航修正方法,可在强压制干扰环境下提供不依赖卫星导航的定位修正信息。该算法首先基于压缩感知干扰测向技术获得干扰源来向,并结合惯性导航提供的短时精度可保障的载具轨迹完成低动态或静止的干扰源位置定位,随后使用干扰源和干扰来向反向完成飞行器定位,最终为惯性导航系统提供不依赖卫星导航的修正参考源。该方法适用于卫星导航长时间无法工作的极端导航压制干扰对抗环境。其主要创新点在于提出了一种基于干扰源位置估计的稳健反向定位方法,为惯性导航在卫星导航因干扰失效的应用场景中提供了一种卫星导航以外的修正定位信息源,该修正定位信息源无需增加额外的硬件传感器。仿真结果证明,该算法可以在4个静态强压制干扰源环境下,为惯性导航提供稳定的修正定位精度,满足强电磁干扰环境下的导航定位需求。

高稳健导航  /  干扰来向估计  /  压缩感知

Traditional inertial-satellite integrated navigation relies on satellite navigation to provide high-precision positioning results for position correction, which is difficult to adapt to the environment of strong suppression interference. To address this issue, this paper proposes an inertial navigation correction method based on interference direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, which can provide satellite-independent positioning correction information in strong jamming environments. The algorithm first estimates the interference direction-of-arrival (DOA) using compressed sensing-based direction finding, then combines this with the shortterm high-precision vehicle trajectory provided by inertial navigation to localize low-dynamic or stationary interference sources. Subsequently, it utilizes the estimated interference source positions and DOA information to inversely determine the aircraft’s position, ultimately providing the inertial navigation system with a satellite-independent correction reference. It is suitable for extreme suppression interference confrontation environment where satellite navigation cannot work for a long time. The main innovation is that a robust positioning method based on the position estimation of the interference source, which provides a extra positioning information source other than satellite navigation for inertial navigation in the application scenario where satellite navigation fails due to interference, and the corrected positioning information source does not need to add additional hardware sensors. The simulation results show that the algorithm can provide stable positioning for inertial navigation in the environment of four static strongly suppressed interference sources, and meet the navigation and positioning requirements in the environment of strong electromagnetic interference.

Robust navigation  /  Interference DOA estimation  /  Compressive sensing
高立朝, 张荣兵. 基于干扰来向估计的高稳健导航定位算法研究. 遥测遥控, 2025 , 46 (5) : 89 -97 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20240721001
Lichao GAO, Rongbing ZHANG. Research on Highly Robust Navigation and Positioning Algorithm Based on Interference Pattern Recognition[J]. Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, 2025 , 46 (5) : 89 -97 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20240721001
惯性卫星组合导航系统兼具卫星导航全天时、全天候、高精度导航定位的优点和惯性导航自主定位、抗干扰能力强的优点,广泛应用于飞机、飞艇等各类飞行器中。然而,卫星导航易受干扰,在复杂电磁环境下,惯性导航卫星组合导航系统存在卫星导航失效后,定位误差难以修正、性能恶化甚至无法正常使用的问题[13]
采用传统的自适应波束形成阵列抗干扰技术手段,虽然可以显著提升卫星导航的抗干扰能力[411],但其性能存在固有局限。近年来,新提出的基于广义旁瓣对消的自适应波束指向阵列抗干扰算法,通过估计卫星导航信号来向,将阵列信号剥离为卫星导航信号子空间和干扰噪声子空间,实现对波束指向误差等因素更稳健的抗干扰性能,获得相较传统抗干扰算法更优的抗干扰能力。然而,阵列抗干扰算法受限于接收信道的动态范围总是存在有抗干扰能力上界[1219],为确保信号不超过ADC(Analog-to-Digital Converter, 模数转换器)器件量程,对强干扰信号,需要降低信道增益。然而信道增益的降低直接影响接收信道的噪声系数,导致卫星导航信号信噪比恶化,使得卫星导航信号难以完成捕获。
总之,当前的卫星导航抗干扰工程终端接收信道动态范围决定了其抗干扰能力的上限值。当外界电磁干扰超过接收信道的动态范围时,当前的卫星导航终端将无法正常完成卫星导航定位。而惯性导航系统由于自身的发散特性,在长时间内无法获得卫星导航校准时,其性能将随时间急剧恶化。
本文正是针对存在长时间超强电磁干扰的极端电磁干扰对抗环境下,卫星导航难以长时间正常工作时,如何长时间维持惯性导航定位精度这一问题提出的。
针对卫星导航的超强电磁干扰,通常为有意生成的压制干扰。常见的压制干扰类型包括宽带、窄带、脉冲、扫频、单音等,这些干扰类型通常是时间周期平稳的,并且干扰源远离卫星导航天线。因此本文对电磁干扰信号进行如下的建模假设:
①同一时刻同时存在的干扰总数低于抗干扰天线阵列个数;
②干扰信号间彼此独立;
③干扰信号相对抗干扰天线阵列满足远场假设和窄带假设;
④干扰信号与卫星信号彼此独立。
此时,强功率压制干扰表现为:压制干扰功率超过抗干扰天线阵对消干扰能力,从而导致卫星导航难以正常工作。值得注意的是,当卫星导航正常工作时,惯性卫星组合导航系统可以提供高精度导航定位结果;而当卫星导航由于干扰影响无法正常工作时,惯性卫星组合导航系统在短时间内仍能够提供可靠的定位结果。基于这一特点,当卫星导航无法正常工作时,若能够获得准确的干扰来向,结合短时间惯性卫星组合导航系统提供的可靠飞行器绝对位置,可以得到可靠的压制干扰源绝对位置。反之,结合可靠的压制干扰源绝对位置和准确的干扰来向,亦可以获得可靠的飞行器绝对位置。
本文正是基于上述分析,通过使用压缩感知技术进行逐个单采样点干扰测向获得不同干扰源随时间的来向变化轨迹,构架最优化数学模型,并应用凸优化算法,从而获取飞行器位置,实现惯性导航定位误差修正。仿真结果表明:在同时存在4个干噪比30 dB以上时间平稳的强压制静止干扰源环境下,采用10阵元圆形天线阵列可以为惯性导航系统提供连续、可靠的定位参考。
在强压制电磁干扰环境下,对天线阵列获取的干扰阵列信号进行数据建模。假设抗干扰天线阵列为N个天线单元组成的均匀圆形阵列,相对天线阵在空间远场分布有M个强压制干扰源(M<N)。第m个干扰源相对抗干扰天线的来向角为:方位角θm,俯仰角φm,其中m∈[1,M]。则天线阵在t时刻接收到第m个干扰源的阵列信号JmN×1维列矢量,如下式所示:
上式中,Am(t)为干扰信号幅度,(dxdy)为天线阵元相对天线参考主阵元在x-y-z坐标系下的位置分布,均为N×1维列矢量。
定义N×1维方向矢量为。则干扰信号可以写为:
假设某一卫星导航信号的来向角为:方位角θs,俯仰角φs,则天线阵采集卫星导航信号获得的阵列信号S可以写为:
上式中As(t)为卫星导航信号在t采样时刻的幅度,同样卫星导航阵列信号为N×1维列矢量。定义N×1维列矢量N为天线阵列采集得到的环境热噪声,则在t采样时刻,天线阵列信号X可以写为:
自适应波束形成的阵列抗干扰技术通过在干扰方向形成零陷、在卫星方向形成波束,实现干扰环境下的卫星导航定位。然而,当干扰功率超过阵列抗干扰对消能力时,经过阵列信号加权累加后输出的信号中,残留干扰能量依然超过环境噪声能量。此时卫星导航系统将出现信号信噪比下降,难以完成导航信号捕获跟踪,无法提供高精度卫星导航定位服务的现象;同时,惯性导航系统无法使用卫星导航定位结果进行定位误差修正。最终导致惯性卫星组合导航定位系统出现定位误差发散,定位性能恶化等问题。
如何在这种情况下,不额外增加辅助器件、维持导航定位系统精度这一问题,正是本文研究的重点。
传统的阵列抗干扰算法是寻找一组1×N维抗干扰加权值使得阵列信号加权累加后输出信号功率最小:
为在电磁干扰的环境中保障目标信号的正常接收与解调,阵列天线需要在目标信号方向形成波束获得指向增益的同时,在干扰信号方向形成零陷滤除干扰信号。经典的线性约束自适应波束阵列抗干扰算法通过在目标信号方向增加波束约束的同时,使得抗干扰后的输出信号功率最小,并在实现在波束指向方向获得稳定的指向增益的同时,完成干扰的自适应滤除。算法公式如下式所示:
在实际工程应用中,卫星导航信号方向矢量由于工程误差、天线幅相标校误差等因素,通常存在指向偏差,引起抗干扰性能下降。基于广义旁瓣对消的自适应波束阵列抗干扰算法利用已知目标信号来向的先验信息,构造阻塞矩阵,在目标信号来向方向区域形成预零陷滤除目标信号获得仅包含纯干扰信号,使用纯干扰信号对消经过波束指向后的合波束信号中的干扰信号,即可实现同时滤除干扰和保留卫星导航信号波束指向增益的目的。其算法公式如下式所示:
上式中,e为卫星导航信号指向偏差,B为阻塞矩阵用于滤除阵列信号中的卫星导航信号,ε为阻塞矩阵对卫星导航信号方向区域的零陷深度,Y为波束指向后信号。由于信号经过阻塞矩阵后为纯干扰噪声信号,因此进一步对消不会造成目标信号额外损失,δ为目标信号来波方向矢量误差不确定集合范围。
压缩感知测向技术压缩感知干扰测向技术与传统测向技术如线性预测、MUSIC以及旋转不变子空间相比,在完成干扰测向所需的采样点数上有明显优势,甚至能够实现单采样点的干扰测向,非常适合应用于动态干扰源的干扰测向[1923]
压缩干扰测向技术利用天线阵型已知的特点,预先明确了卫星导航信号来波方向矢量所属的集合,通过增加这一集合信息,可以跳过协方差矩阵估计和求逆的步骤,从而减少来向估计所需的采样点数。其基本思想详述如下:对阵型已知的天线阵列,其不同信号来向对应的方向矢量可由公式(1)预先计算得到。将所有的方向矢量组成一个集合。压缩感知干扰测向的过程类似于从字典中检索词语的方式,从方向矢量集合中检索到最匹配结果作为方向估计结果。因此,所有方向矢量组成的集合也称为方向矢量字典。通过对空间以K个网格进行划分,可以将方向矢量字典写为N×K维的矩阵模式,定义为C。此时在t采样时刻,天线阵列信号X可以写为:
在公式(8)中,s(t)表示信号在干扰来向网格字典C的索引。其具体数值为:当该空间来向网格点处没有信号源时,s(t)值为0;当该空间来向网格点处存在信号源时,s(t)值为信号幅值。可以发现,由于干扰个数是有限的,s(t)中除了在有限几个信号来向网格点上存在非0值外,在其他所有信号来向方向上的值均为0。在一个数组中,其非零值越少,称其越稀疏。因此,信号来向方向对应的索引矢量s(t)是稀疏的。
用数组中的非零值数量可以表征该数组的稀疏度。通过引入稀疏度,可以建立优化问题求解索引矢量s(t):
在公式(9)中,表示1×K维列矢量数组中非零数值的个数。通过计算对阵列信号X的最小二乘估计误差和稀疏度的和。由于噪声是高斯白噪声,因此s(t)的最优估计应当具有最小二乘估计误差和稀疏度的和最小的性质[22]。因此,求解公式(9)的结果就是s(t)的最优估计结果。此时,中的非零值所对应的信号来向方向网格点就是信号的来向估计结果。
由于为非凸函数,无法使用凸优化算法直接求解,在压缩感知算法中,通常使用作为近似代替[22]。此时的优化问题变为:
公式(10)中,表示的绝对值,是一个典型的凸函数。此时公式(10)是一个典型的凸优化问题,可以使用凸优化求解方法计算。在本文中,采用计算过程最易FPGA流水化计算实现的贪婪算法进行求解。其详细步骤如下:
①遍历方向矢量字典C中所有方向矢量,通过与阵列信号进行相关运算,其最大相关值对应的信号来向方向作为信号来向1,进行记录:
②计算剔除信号来向1后的阵列信号残留
③计算阵列信号残留功率。
④当阵列信号残留功率超过环境热噪声时,使用Y(t)代替 X(t),在方向矢量字典C中剔除(θ1,φ1)±10°范围内的所有方向矢量,重复步骤①-③,获得更多的信号来向。当阵列信号残留功率不超过环境热噪声时,循环终止。记录所有的信号来向估计结果作为干扰测向结果。
当前惯性卫星组合导航系统对抗电磁干扰的常用策略是使用卫星导航得到高精度定位结果修正惯性导航系统,当卫星导航系统无法正常工作时,由惯性导航系统单独工作,或者切换天文、星光、红外、激光等参考定位信息源,维持惯性导航系统工作性能。实际上,分析外界强压制电磁干扰特点,如果强压制干扰源的移动速度相对飞行器移动速度可忽略,则时间平稳的强压制干扰源将是理想的导航定位源。采用基于强压制干扰源的导航定位,可以获得飞行器相对干扰源的实时移动轨迹。此时相对移动轨迹可以作为一个可靠的定位参考修正惯性导航定位误差。其示意图如图1所示。
因此,仅使用惯性卫星组合导航系统,可以不再额外增加天文、星光、红外、激光等导航设备,也可以在卫星导航无法正常工作时,为惯性导航系统提供一个稳定的参考信息源,从而补齐惯性卫星组合导航系统的短板。这正是本文所提算法最大的创新点。
该算法实现的流程是:当飞行器能够获得可靠的定位位置时,结合准确的干扰来向,可以获得可靠的干扰源绝对位置;随着飞行器与干扰源的距离缩小,卫星导航面临的压制干扰增强,当卫星导航不可用时,使用可靠的干扰源绝对位置,结合准确的干扰来向可以获得可靠的飞行器绝对位置。由于飞行器绝对位置点是选取距离以干扰来向为原点的多条射线距离平方值的最小点,因此实现绝对定位的最少干扰源个数为2个;如果结合惯性导航系统提供的高程进行绝对定位,可将定位所需的最少干扰源个数减少至1个。
具体算法实现流程图如图2所示:
因此,该算法的核心基础是获取准确的干扰来向信息,并从中准确提取出不同干扰源的来向变化轨迹,完成不同干扰源的归类。关于压缩感知的单采样点性能已有大量仿真研究,对信噪比为20 dB的窄带信号,其单采样点的信号来向估计误差优于1°[24]。因此,本算法选用压缩感知测向技术完成干扰来向估计。
当卫星导航系统被干扰时,惯性导航系统的定位结果在卫星导航无法工作的短时间内是可靠的。利用短时间内的连续2组以上飞行器三维空间位置(x,y,z)和干扰来向信息(θ,φ),可以获得可靠的干扰源定位位置。
每一组单采样点阵列信号均可获得当前采样点时刻的所有干扰来向信息。相邻采样点时刻,距离最近的两个干扰来向认为同属一个干扰源。此时,可以通过引入野值剔除门限,实现稳健的干扰源估计跟踪。野值剔除示意图如图3所示。从图3可以看到,左下角的一对相邻时刻干扰来向差异超过野值剔除门限,这一对干扰来向将被全部剔除。
具体算法实现流程如图4所示:通过引入野值剔除门限δ,当相邻采样点时刻,两个距离最近的干扰来向差超过野值剔除门限时,认为这一对干扰来向中存在野值,将这一对干扰来向全部剔除,并计算下一对相邻采样点时刻的来向差异。
基于飞行器三维空间位置和干扰来向信息,可以获得短时间内干扰源所在的射线函数:
由于干扰源移动速度远小于飞行器移动速度,当飞行器由位置1(x1,y1,z1)移动到位置2(x2,y2,z2)时,可以认为干扰源位置不变,此时解算位置1和位置2得到的两条射线函数的交叉点可以实现干扰源的定位。
获得干扰源可靠定位位置后,基于同样的原理,使用可靠的干扰源位置和准确的干扰来向可以反向确定飞行器位置。使用干扰源绝对位置和干扰来向形成射线函数,飞行器的绝对位置(x,y,z)将位于与所有射线距离和最小的位置。基于这一点,可以构造最优化问题:
可以发现,干扰位置在优化问题中是过程变量,基于干扰来向的导航定位优化问题只涉及惯性导航初始位置和后续干扰来向估计。此时,最优化问题可以写为:
上式中,Var(*)为方差计算公式,用于计算距离各射线函数最近的点作为干扰源位置估计结果。基于这一点,可以使用凸优化理论,基于惯性导航初始位置和后续干扰来向直接得到飞行器的绝对位置。
为验证本算法的合理有效性,仿真实验先进行干扰来向估计,然后进行基于干扰来向的导航定位性能仿真进行逐层仿真建模分析。
坐标系选取x-y-z坐标系,坐标系基准刻度为m。4个静止状态的干扰机分别布设在(0,10 000,0)、(6 000,4 000,0)、(6 000,-4 000,0)和(0、-10 000、0) 四个坐标点位置。干扰机发射功率为1 kW=60 dBmW。飞行器初始位置在(-5 000,、0、10 000)坐标位置,以每100 m/s的速度向x正半轴方向移动。卫星导航接收频段内环境热噪声功率采用通用值-100 dBmW。
依据干扰源位置和飞行器位置,计算获得飞行过程中,干扰源与飞行器与D,单位为km。干扰信号选用B3卫星导航信号中心频点1 268.52 MHz。基于距离D与干信信号频点,干扰信号到达接收天线过程的传播衰减F可以采用电磁波空间传播衰减公式计算:
依据传播衰减F与干扰机功率1 kW,可以计算飞行器处于任意飞行轨迹位置时,接收天线口面的干扰信号强度。
压缩感知干扰测向性能已有大量文献分析,本文不做赘述,选用10阵元中心圆形天线阵列为例,进行干扰来向测向精度仿真说明。对飞行轨迹中每秒飞行器位置处的干扰来向进行测向,对测向结果进行相邻采用时刻来向差异计算,实现干扰来向轨迹跟踪,共进行201组,仿真结果如图5(a)~图5(d)所示:
采用本文提出的干扰来向测向和轨迹跟踪方法,可以实现干扰轨迹准确跟踪。随着飞行器距离干扰越近,其测向误差越小。统计整个飞行器飞行过程中的来向误差,结果表明压缩感知测向算法在此飞行场景下的方向角测向误差的标准差为0.859 2°,俯仰角测向标准差为0.061 0°,仿真结果与文献[24]相吻合。
为充分论证本文所提算法的性能,对不同阵元个数的天线阵列进行飞行器定位仿真测试。典型的10阵元天线阵列对应的飞行器定位结果如图6所示。
仿真结果表明,10阵元的天线阵列在卫星导航系统缺失时可以使用4个干扰源有效维持水平±25 m以内、高程±40 m以内的定位精度,足够保障飞行器驶出干扰区域,从而重新获得高精度卫星导航定位服务。其定位误差来源主要是由于测向误差经过干扰距离的放大导致。由于本算法是使用干扰来向的射线最小二乘交点作为定位点,因此测向误差会经由干扰距离放大,导致定位误差圆的半径会额外增加,从而引起了最终的定位误差增加。
统计阵元个数由6增加到12时,本文所提算法卫星导航定位精度如图7所示。
随着阵元个数增加,定位精度增加,同时,定位精度的增加量随之减少,这是由于随着阵元个数增加,干扰测向精度增加,因此定位精度增加。同时由于干扰测向的精度受网格划分的影响,存在网格误差引起的测向误差下界,因此存在定位精度的下界。
由于传统自适应波束阵列抗干扰算法在此干扰环境下无法完成导航定位,引起其对应的定位结果为NAN,与本文所提算法的定位性能对比如表1所示。
由此可见,通过本文所提方法,可以在卫星导航信号长时间内无法正常工作时,为惯性导航系统提供定位精度百米以内的稳定参考信息源,补齐了当前惯性卫星组合导航系统在卫星导航系统长时间无法正常工作环境下定位性能发散的短板,使得惯性卫星组合导航系统可以不依赖天文、星光、红外、激光等额外导航系统在极端电磁干扰环境下也可维持不发散的导航定位性能。其缺点在于,该算法的定位精度受干扰距离影响,在远离干扰时,定位精度反而会恶化。
本文通过对强压制干扰进行数学建模分析,提出一种在强压制干扰下维持惯性卫星组合导航定位精度的算法。通过仿真分析对该算法进行了性能测试,结果表明,对10阵元天线阵,该算法可以在4个强压制干扰信号的典型干扰环境下,利用惯性导航估计干扰位置,实现基于干扰来向的导航定位,定位精度可达水平定位精度50 m、高程定位精度80 m,满足飞行器驶离干扰区域的导航定位精度需求。该算法进一步拓展了惯性卫星组合导航应用范围,增强了惯性卫星组合导航定位稳健性,在强压制电磁环境下不依赖卫星导航实现了高稳健导航定位,对惯性卫星组合导航市场化应用有着重要意义。
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doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20240721001
  • 接收时间:2024-07-21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-21
  • 修回日期:2024-10-11
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    北京遥测技术研究所 北京 100076
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