Article(id=1239136720919253934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239136718008414574, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12347/j.ycyk.20250218002, pmid=null, cstr=32406.14.ycyk.20250218002, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739808000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-18, revisedDate=1744128000000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773362816314, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773362816314, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773362816314, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773362816314, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239136718008414574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, year='2025', volume='46', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='148', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773362815620, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773393299751, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239264577775522632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239136718008414574, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239264577775522633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239136718008414574, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=51, endPage=59, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239136721149940656, articleId=1239136720919253934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, language=EN, title=Research on Design and Technology of Gold Belt Interconnect of RF Coaxial Connector, columnId=1239136720231395698, journalTitle=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, columnName=Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, the advantages of the gold ribbon welding connection technology over solder connection technology are described, and the effects of different sizes and positions of gold ribbon welding on electrical transmission performance were analyzed by simulation technology. Through a series of orthogonal tests, the paper shows how the three parameters of spot welding voltage, spot welding time and electrode pressure affected the welding effect during the spot welding process between gold strip and substrate and adapter. The formation mechanism of different fracture modes and the mechanism of smoke generation were analyzed, and the relationship between single parameter and welding breaking force is revealed. Finally, the optimized process parameters are obtained. The optimized process parameters were used to produce the gold ribbon according to the specified process steps, and the excellent performance of the ribbon was verified by the high and low temperature cycle test and the electrical property test.

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本文阐述了包金带连接技术相对锡焊连接的优越性,通过仿真技术分析了包金带的不同尺寸和位置对电传输性能的影响。通过一系列正交试验展示了在金带与基板和接插件的点焊过程中,点焊电压、点焊时间及电极压力三种参数如何影响焊接效果,并分析了不同断裂模式的形成机制和产生烟雾的机理,揭示了单一参数与拉断力的关系,并最终得到经过优化的工艺参数。使用优化过的工艺参数按照规定的工艺步骤制得成型的包金带,并通过高低温循环试验和电性能测试验证了此项技术优异的性能,最后为下一步的研究指明了方向。

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孟宪睿 1996年生,硕士,工程师。

景翠 1985年生,硕士,高级工程师。

游月娟 1998年生,硕士,工程师。

梁张华 1995年生,专科,高级工程师。

尹蒙蒙 1988年生,专科,技师。

史磊 1985年生,本科,研究员。

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Infrared,2023, 44(11): 13-22., articleTitle=Analysis of influence law of gold wire wede bonding strength, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239263368532513225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=9, pageStart=54, pageEnd=57, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=32, authorNames=刘金凤, journalName=电子产品世界, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘金凤. 金丝引线键合的影响因素探究[J]. 电子产品世界, 2023, 30(9): 54-57., articleTitle=金丝引线键合的影响因素探究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239263368595427787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=9, pageStart=54, pageEnd=57, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=33, authorNames=LIU Jinfeng, journalName=Electronic Products World, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Jinfeng. 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Electronic Products World, 2023, 30(9): 54-57., articleTitle=Research on influencing factors of gold wire bonding, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239263368670925261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=3, pageStart=53, pageEnd=58, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=34, authorNames=蒋玲玲, 郭苪岐, 刘刚, journalName=强度与环境, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蒋玲玲, 郭苪岐, 刘刚. 热循环对金带微电阻点焊接头连接界面及抗拉力的影响[J]. 强度与环境, 2021, 48(3): 53-58., articleTitle=热循环对金带微电阻点焊接头连接界面及抗拉力的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239263368733839823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=3, pageStart=53, pageEnd=58, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=35, authorNames=JIANG Lingling, GUO Bing qi, LIU Gang, journalName=Strength and Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG Lingling, GUO Bing qi, LIU Gang. The Effect of thermal cycle on the joint interface and tensile force of gold strip micro-resistance spot welding joints[J].Strength and Environment, 2021, 48(3): 53-58., articleTitle=The Effect of thermal cycle on the joint interface and tensile force of gold strip micro-resistance spot welding joints, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239263368813531601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=53, issue=2, pageStart=355, pageEnd=358, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=36, authorNames=熊化兵, 李金龙, 胡琼, journalName=微电子学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=熊化兵, 李金龙, 胡琼. 引线键合在温度循环下的强度衰减研究[J]. 微电子学, 2023, 53(2): 355-358., articleTitle=引线键合在温度循环下的强度衰减研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239263368918389203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=53, issue=2, pageStart=355, pageEnd=358, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=37, authorNames=XIONG Huabing, LI Jinlong, HU Qiong, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIONG Huabing, LI Jinlong, HU Qiong. Research on bond strength decay of wire bonding under temperature cycling, 2023, 53(2): 355-358., articleTitle=Research on bond strength decay of wire bonding under temperature cycling, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239263365646831999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, awardId=2009ZYHW0019, language=CN, fundingSource=国家级多通道T/R子阵射频微系统(2009ZYHW0019), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239263360064213108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239263360072601716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, companyId=1239263360064213108, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Research Institute of Telemetry, Beijing 100076, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239263360076796021, 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caption=Diagram of the Gold ribbon welding, figureFileSmall=LciqN+6QvP1VFpHEE61ywA==, figureFileBig=PnL8VOUb/5Tqp3oKwutilg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263363180581148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=CN, label=图2, caption=包金带连接示意, figureFileSmall=LciqN+6QvP1VFpHEE61ywA==, figureFileBig=PnL8VOUb/5Tqp3oKwutilg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263363243495710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Solder welding simulation model (left) and electric field distribution diagram(right), figureFileSmall=jrNJl16EKRmh+zousJvO7w==, figureFileBig=0LY40H2KjPj7Y2gf8pPNHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263363323187489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=CN, label=图3, caption=锡焊仿真模型(左)及电场分布(右), figureFileSmall=jrNJl16EKRmh+zousJvO7w==, figureFileBig=0LY40H2KjPj7Y2gf8pPNHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263363411267881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Gold strip welding simulation model (left) and electric field distribution diagram welding(right), figureFileSmall=TDKXszkKpl/1DjmVeBazmg==, figureFileBig=QxTuJnnvaU0v208ZtNTcAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263363490959660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=CN, label=图4, caption=包金带仿真模型(左)及电场分布(右), figureFileSmall=TDKXszkKpl/1DjmVeBazmg==, figureFileBig=QxTuJnnvaU0v208ZtNTcAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263363600011569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Comparison of transmission performance between tin welding (left) and gold strip(right) welding, figureFileSmall=+pP0NzGvWE34Cp99OnzCdw==, figureFileBig=KSrK69usg0iySZos/hTPWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263363696480566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=CN, label=图5, caption=锡焊(左)与包金带(右)电传输性能对比, figureFileSmall=+pP0NzGvWE34Cp99OnzCdw==, figureFileBig=KSrK69usg0iySZos/hTPWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263363784560952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Gold strip welding model structure, figureFileSmall=mZbaJ9JXJjl6lqN+suXsEQ==, figureFileBig=w4OLWaEr7Lcdq9CmLpUrDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263363851669818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=CN, label=图6, caption=包金带模型结构示意, figureFileSmall=mZbaJ9JXJjl6lqN+suXsEQ==, figureFileBig=w4OLWaEr7Lcdq9CmLpUrDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263363948138815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Effect of distance between gold belt and housing on electrical transmission performance, figureFileSmall=8Jgg+wMeSnCRpQ32Dn8+BA==, figureFileBig=ZVJlU7sZoYggBcMSDvKzhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263364002664767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=CN, label=图7, caption=金带和壳体之间的距离L对电传输性能的影响, figureFileSmall=8Jgg+wMeSnCRpQ32Dn8+BA==, figureFileBig=ZVJlU7sZoYggBcMSDvKzhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263364073967938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Effect of long axis length of gold belt on electrical transmission performance, figureFileSmall=gM0wYCsfDQflu6ZJT86coQ==, figureFileBig=blNm3YLbm0fg9xzwxVLSiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263364136882504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=CN, label=图8, caption=金带长轴长对电传输性能的影响, figureFileSmall=gM0wYCsfDQflu6ZJT86coQ==, figureFileBig=blNm3YLbm0fg9xzwxVLSiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263364216574283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Effect of gold strip width an thickness on electrical transmission performance, figureFileSmall=90LS5wDVurtpcdPkc26RTw==, figureFileBig=F+cgpp71EpYQltO4+i9Xmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263364313043278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=CN, label=图9, caption=金带宽度和厚度对电传输性能的影响, figureFileSmall=90LS5wDVurtpcdPkc26RTw==, figureFileBig=F+cgpp71EpYQltO4+i9Xmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263364401123665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=EN, label=Fig 10, caption=Diagram of three fracture modes, figureFileSmall=w/ak4o/q+DCdnOuT0S5z2A==, figureFileBig=doN6536dqGSDngsQ1uRUHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263364468232531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=CN, label=图10, caption=三种断裂方式示意, figureFileSmall=w/ak4o/q+DCdnOuT0S5z2A==, figureFileBig=doN6536dqGSDngsQ1uRUHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263364552118614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=EN, label=Fig 11, caption=Spot welding effect of gold belt with (a)substrate and(b)connector, figureFileSmall=cJVPjkuo0o501E5JouoVBw==, figureFileBig=nTzM+hnuhPa7JePIJCkRMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263364619227481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=CN, label=图11, caption=金带与(a)基板(b)接插件的点焊效果, figureFileSmall=cJVPjkuo0o501E5JouoVBw==, figureFileBig=nTzM+hnuhPa7JePIJCkRMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263364694724956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=EN, label=Fig 12, caption=The void on substrate surface, figureFileSmall=A4Ehl8+pN1A+maSlY0gCLQ==, figureFileBig=wKjBCmkb5T+YErg7jP6C0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263364774416735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=CN, label=图12, caption=基板表面的空洞, figureFileSmall=A4Ehl8+pN1A+maSlY0gCLQ==, figureFileBig=wKjBCmkb5T+YErg7jP6C0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263364837331298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=EN, label=Fig 13, caption=Analysis of various factors in the experiment, figureFileSmall=URsF2GmkGuBYaHG5QFY4tQ==, figureFileBig=Uc1COsUi/wlvmEOzhWSNAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263364904440166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=CN, label=图13, caption=试验中各因素分析, figureFileSmall=URsF2GmkGuBYaHG5QFY4tQ==, figureFileBig=Uc1COsUi/wlvmEOzhWSNAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263364967354729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=EN, label=Fig 14, caption=Minimum bond tension limit value of GJB548C-2021, figureFileSmall=JA7qhf6HQPo/L1Rm+t1TFA==, figureFileBig=+aGo+KQ1M8ZOQOTbeQl5YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263365047046508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=CN, label=图14, caption=GJB 548C-2021的最小键合拉力极限值, figureFileSmall=JA7qhf6HQPo/L1Rm+t1TFA==, figureFileBig=+aGo+KQ1M8ZOQOTbeQl5YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263365105766767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=EN, label=Fig 15, caption=Schematic of single and double 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Orthogonal experiment table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别电压U/V时间t/ms压力F/N基板接插件
拉断力平均值/N键合形貌分离模式拉断力平均值/N键合形貌分离模式
10.661.120.324/a//a
20.681.680.423/a0.543/a
30.6102.240.536/a0.685/a
40.6121.40.502/a0.663/a
50.6141.960.564/a0.582/a
60.762.240.365/a0.439焊盘变色a
70.781.40.453/a0.573焊盘变色a
80.7101.960.578/a0.661焊盘变色a
90.7121.120.631/a0.988焊盘变色a
100.7141.680.702/a0.855焊盘变色a
110.861.960.359/a0.471焊盘变色a
120.881.120.370/a0.568焊盘变色a
130.8101.680.558焊盘变色a0.742焊盘变色a
140.8122.240.678焊盘变色a0.803焊盘变色a
150.8141.40.863焊盘变色a0.8焊盘变色a
160.961.680.851焊盘变色a0.593焊盘变色a
170.982.240.346焊盘变色b0.975焊盘变色a
180.9101.40.298焊盘变色,焊点出现空洞b0.874焊盘变色a
190.9121.96/焊盘变色,镀层脱落/1.063焊盘变色c
200.9141.12/焊盘变色,镀层脱落/1.154焊盘变色c
211.061.4/焊盘变色,镀层脱落/1.228焊盘变色c
221.081.96/焊盘变色,镀层脱落/1.302焊盘变色c
231.0101.12/焊盘变色,镀层脱落/1.352焊盘变色c
241.0121.68/焊盘变色,镀层脱落/1.439焊盘变色c
251.0142.24/焊盘变色,镀层脱落/1.453焊盘变色c
), ArticleFig(id=1239263365516808571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136720919253934, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

正交试验表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别电压U/V时间t/ms压力F/N基板接插件
拉断力平均值/N键合形貌分离模式拉断力平均值/N键合形貌分离模式
10.661.120.324/a//a
20.681.680.423/a0.543/a
30.6102.240.536/a0.685/a
40.6121.40.502/a0.663/a
50.6141.960.564/a0.582/a
60.762.240.365/a0.439焊盘变色a
70.781.40.453/a0.573焊盘变色a
80.7101.960.578/a0.661焊盘变色a
90.7121.120.631/a0.988焊盘变色a
100.7141.680.702/a0.855焊盘变色a
110.861.960.359/a0.471焊盘变色a
120.881.120.370/a0.568焊盘变色a
130.8101.680.558焊盘变色a0.742焊盘变色a
140.8122.240.678焊盘变色a0.803焊盘变色a
150.8141.40.863焊盘变色a0.8焊盘变色a
160.961.680.851焊盘变色a0.593焊盘变色a
170.982.240.346焊盘变色b0.975焊盘变色a
180.9101.40.298焊盘变色,焊点出现空洞b0.874焊盘变色a
190.9121.96/焊盘变色,镀层脱落/1.063焊盘变色c
200.9141.12/焊盘变色,镀层脱落/1.154焊盘变色c
211.061.4/焊盘变色,镀层脱落/1.228焊盘变色c
221.081.96/焊盘变色,镀层脱落/1.302焊盘变色c
231.0101.12/焊盘变色,镀层脱落/1.352焊盘变色c
241.0121.68/焊盘变色,镀层脱落/1.439焊盘变色c
251.0142.24/焊盘变色,镀层脱落/1.453焊盘变色c
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射频同轴连接器包金带互连设计与工艺研究
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孟宪睿 , 景翠 , 游月娟 , 梁张华 , 尹蒙蒙 , 史磊
遥测遥控 | 微波毫米波技术 2025,46(4): 51-59
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遥测遥控 | 微波毫米波技术 2025, 46(4): 51-59
射频同轴连接器包金带互连设计与工艺研究
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孟宪睿, 景翠, 游月娟, 梁张华, 尹蒙蒙, 史磊
作者信息
  • 北京遥测技术研究所 北京 100076
  • 孟宪睿 1996年生,硕士,工程师。

    景翠 1985年生,硕士,高级工程师。

    游月娟 1998年生,硕士,工程师。

    梁张华 1995年生,专科,高级工程师。

    尹蒙蒙 1988年生,专科,技师。

    史磊 1985年生,本科,研究员。

Research on Design and Technology of Gold Belt Interconnect of RF Coaxial Connector
Xianrui MENG, Cui JING, Yuejuan YOU, Zhanghua LIANG, Mengmeng YIN, Lei SHI
Affiliations
  • Beijing Research Institute of Telemetry, Beijing 100076, China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20250218002
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本文阐述了包金带连接技术相对锡焊连接的优越性,通过仿真技术分析了包金带的不同尺寸和位置对电传输性能的影响。通过一系列正交试验展示了在金带与基板和接插件的点焊过程中,点焊电压、点焊时间及电极压力三种参数如何影响焊接效果,并分析了不同断裂模式的形成机制和产生烟雾的机理,揭示了单一参数与拉断力的关系,并最终得到经过优化的工艺参数。使用优化过的工艺参数按照规定的工艺步骤制得成型的包金带,并通过高低温循环试验和电性能测试验证了此项技术优异的性能,最后为下一步的研究指明了方向。

包金带  /  仿真  /  电传输性能  /  工艺参数

In this paper, the advantages of the gold ribbon welding connection technology over solder connection technology are described, and the effects of different sizes and positions of gold ribbon welding on electrical transmission performance were analyzed by simulation technology. Through a series of orthogonal tests, the paper shows how the three parameters of spot welding voltage, spot welding time and electrode pressure affected the welding effect during the spot welding process between gold strip and substrate and adapter. The formation mechanism of different fracture modes and the mechanism of smoke generation were analyzed, and the relationship between single parameter and welding breaking force is revealed. Finally, the optimized process parameters are obtained. The optimized process parameters were used to produce the gold ribbon according to the specified process steps, and the excellent performance of the ribbon was verified by the high and low temperature cycle test and the electrical property test.

Gold ribbon welding  /  Simulation  /  Electrical transmission performance  /  Technological parameter
孟宪睿, 景翠, 游月娟, 梁张华, 尹蒙蒙, 史磊. 射频同轴连接器包金带互连设计与工艺研究. 遥测遥控, 2025 , 46 (4) : 51 -59 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20250218002
Xianrui MENG, Cui JING, Yuejuan YOU, Zhanghua LIANG, Mengmeng YIN, Lei SHI. Research on Design and Technology of Gold Belt Interconnect of RF Coaxial Connector[J]. Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, 2025 , 46 (4) : 51 -59 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20250218002
随着微波信号频段的不断提升,微波产品的频段已覆盖到越来越多的波段,这对信号传输部分的损耗有了更高的要求。而在微波产品内部器件中,射频同轴电连接器和微带板的连接尤为重要。Ω型跨接片焊接、锡焊、金带连接是射频同轴电连接器与微带板连接的主要方式[1-3]
Ω型跨接片虽然热传输性能较好,但是在高频段微波性能变差,这会大大增加信号的插损和驻波比。此连接方式多是采用手工搪锡和手工焊接,焊接难度较高。由于Ω型跨接片的尺寸较小易出现虚焊以及焊料易爬升到Ω型跨接片的弧形部位的情况,这增加了Ω桥的硬度,进而影响焊点热应力的释放,影响焊接质量。
因此,行业上更倾向于另外两种连接方式,其中锡焊焊接是最常用的连接方式。
航天工业标准中射频同轴插座与微带基板的互连采用的是锡焊方式。这种方式的信号低频传输插损小,驻波较好,缺点是高频传输信号的插损和驻波比增大,另外铝基壳体与陶瓷微带板的热膨胀系数不匹配导致焊点热应力较高,这种互连方式在实际应用中多次发生互联点开裂。焊点裂纹如图1所示[4,5]
这个问题给微波产品的电性能以及可靠性带来极大的影响。为了解决连接器焊接处热膨胀系数不匹配的问题,采用包金带工艺来代替锡焊连接[6-8]。金带连接是通过电阻点焊的方法将金带与射频同轴连接器芯线及微带线上的金镀层之间焊接,最终形成的包金带结构是指采用柔性金带通过热压焊形式实现同轴连接器与微带线之间的柔性连接[9,10],包金带结构如下图2所示。
与常规锡焊连接方式相比,包金带结构互连可靠性更高、耐热性能更强、可承受更高的功率,对微波信号传输性能影响小、环境适应力强、受热应力影响小,受到越来越多的关注,但迄今为止尚未广泛应用于微波组件[11-13]
包金带工艺中的难点在于:
①包金带模型对电性能指标的影响程度难以量化,模型中影响电性能的关键参数未能被准确识别。
②包金带焊接工艺难度大,主要表现为金带与基板、金带与曲面接插件界面焊接参数差别大。当焊接界面镀层出现波动时,金带难以焊接到焊盘上,焊接烧蚀焊盘甚至镀层分离,拉断力差距较大难以保持一致性等。
③包金带过程中,较难保证工艺实施结果与设计模型准确对应,最终导致实测电性能指标与设计值存在较大差别[14]
为解决以上问题,本文开展了包金带仿真及工艺研究。
到目前为止,依托产品分别建立锡焊模型和包金带模型,模型结构和电场分布如图3图4所示,其中接插件端子直径为0.38 mm,端子中心与陶瓷微带间距为0.279 mm。
两种模型的电传输性能仿真结果如图5所示,锡焊结构仿真结果使用红丝曲线表示,DC~30 GHz频段内,整体回波损耗S11<-16.57 dB,插入损耗S21>-0.15 dB;包金带结构仿真结果使用蓝色曲线表示,DC~30 GHz频段内,包金带结构的整体回波损耗S11<-19.99 dB,特别是在17 GHz时回波损耗呈现波谷形态,达到最低的-44.53 dB,插入损耗整体S21>-0.11 dB。可以看出,除起始个别频点外,在DC~30 GHz包金带的信号传输效果明显优于点焊结构。
对包金带模型进行仿真,模型结构如图6所示,将包金带焊接面近似看作椭圆,短轴长b为0.469 mm,通过参数化扫描仿真的方式,分别仿真研究金带与壳体距离L、金带椭圆长轴长a及金带宽度W、厚度T与电传输性能的关系。
①金带边缘与壳体距离L
改变包金带在接插件上的焊接位置,将L值从0.2 mm变化到0.8 mm,步进0.1 mm,进行参数化扫描仿真,仿真对比结果如图7所示。从图中可以看出,DC~30 GHz频段内,L值越小,即金带边缘与壳体距离越近,高频信号传输性能越好,尤其是在10 GHz以上较明显。因此在工艺允许的条件下,包金带位置要尽可能靠近壳体。
②金带环长轴长a
以产品结构的实际尺寸为基础,改变金带环长轴长a,变化情况为:a=b(此时包金带形状近似为圆环)以及更长范围的0.5 mm~1.0 mm,步进0.1 mm,仿真对比结果如图8所示,由图中可以看出,DC~30 GHz频段内,随着金带环长轴长a的增加(金带包裹越松散),高频信号传输性能略微变差,越高频插损越大,当a=b时,信号传输性能最强。
③金带宽度W,厚度T
常用的金带规格共六种:①W=100 μm,T=12.5 μm;②W=100 μm,T=25 μm;③W=150 μm,T=12.5 μm;④W=150 μm,T=25 μm;⑤W=250 μm,T=12.5 μm;⑥W=250 μm,T=25 μm,保持其他参数不变,对以上规格金带进行仿真,结果对比如下图9所示。
对比以上结果,DC~30 GHz频段内,随着金带宽度W和厚度T的增加,谐振频点逐渐右移增加(通带截止范围也随之右移),同时15 GHz以上回波损耗S11越小,频率增大时插损减小越明显[15]
综上,采用包金带实现同轴连接器与印制板微带连接时,为获得更优的射频信号传输性能,根据既定产品的工作频段选择250 μm宽度、25 μm厚度的金带,金带包裹位置尽量靠近壳体,即连接器端子根部,同时金带包裹应紧凑,呈现圆环状。
使用的试验装备为精密电阻点焊机,试验材料包括焊有接插件微波壳体、微波陶瓷基板和金带三部分。
微波陶瓷基板上设计有50 Ω阻抗直通微带线,表层镀厚金,镀金厚度为2.5~4.5 μm。微波陶瓷基板通过焊锡焊接至微波壳体上表面。
金带规格为宽度250 μm,厚度25 μm,纯度99.99%,采用 Dage 4000 拉力测试仪进行拉断力测试。
①点焊准备:剪取金带,安装适型劈刀,使用工装固定产品;
②固定金带:使用点焊机点焊金带中点,将金带固定到印制板上;
③接插件焊接:将接插件用焊料焊接至结构通孔处,此位置应位于金带中点正上方;
④包金带单侧成型:夹持金带单侧,使得金带单侧成弧,固定于接插件上切面;
⑤点焊固定;
⑥截带尾:点焊完成后,使用适量压合力继续使劈刀按压住金带,用镊子夹持多余的金带,用力撕除;
⑦包金带另侧成型:按照同样的方法,使得金带另一侧成弧焊接;
⑧截带尾:按照同样的方法,撕除多余金带。
影响金带键合点质量的关键参数包括焊接电压、焊接时间和电极压力。焊接电压过高会烧毁镀金层,导致焊点周围焦黑;电压过低则容易使金带与焊盘分离。焊接时间过长会增加金属间化合物的产生,使焊点变脆;焊接时间过短则无法形成有效的连接。电极压力过高容易压坏焊盘;电极压力过低则可能降低焊接质量。
为获得最优的键合参数组合,采用正交试验的方法,基于焊接电压、焊接时间、电极压力3个变量,每个变量选取5个水平,共计算25组正交试验,每组试验进行3次,分别对基板和接插件进行试验。焊接电压参数选取范围0.60~1 V,焊接时间参数选取范围6~14 ms, 电极压力参数选取范围1.12 N~2.24 N,工艺试验的质量指标包括被键合区域形貌、键合点拉断力和键合点失效模式。
键合焊点失效模式分为以下三种:(a)金带与焊盘完全分离;(b)金带部分脱离焊盘;(c)金带颈部断裂[16],如图10所示。
正交实验结果如表1所示,实验发现,随着焊接压力、焊接时间和电极压力的增加,会出现:
①基板和接插件上金带所需拉断力也随之增加,基板上金带的最低拉断力为0.324 N,最高拉断力为0.863 N,接插件上金带的最低拉断力为0.439 N,最高拉断力为1.453 N。
②在形貌上,基板和接插件上的焊盘逐渐开始变色,陶瓷基板微带线在焊接电压在0.8 V时焊盘开始出现变色,而接插件在焊接电压在0.7 V时焊盘开始出现变色,当三种参数过高时在基板上甚至出现了镀层消失的情况。
③接插件上金带焊接所需电极压力明显高于基板焊接电极压力,当拉断力低于1 N时,键合金带失效模式为金带与焊盘完全分离和金带部分脱离焊盘;当拉断力超过1 N时,失效模式转变为金带颈部断裂。
④键合点失效模式由(a)→(b)→(c),当焊接电压超过0.9 V时,基板上金带由于镀层开始脱落,无法进行拉断力测试,而接插件上的金带失效模式转变为(c)。
最终得到基板最优参数为:焊接电压0.7 V,焊接时间12 ms,电极压力1.12 N;接插件最优参数为:焊接电压0.6 V,焊接时间10 ms,电极压力2.24 N。
根据实验结果,接插件焊接电极压力明显高于基板焊接电极压力。这是因为接插件的插针为悬空结构,焊接过程并不稳定,焊接能量大部分转化为动能。为保证焊接质量,需要适当增加电极压力保证焊接时接插件不发生抖动,提高能量的转化率。因此,接插件焊接电极压力高于基板焊接电极压力。金带与基板、金带与接插件的金带键合效果如图11所示。
实验结果显示,陶瓷基板微带线在焊接电压高于0.8 V时焊盘变色,而接插件在焊接电压高于0.6 V时焊盘便开始变色。这是因为焊接电压或焊接时间过高会导致热量增加,在点焊基板时,由于加热面为劈刀端面与金带的接触面积,而在点焊接插件时,加热面仅为劈刀端面与接插件的切面面积,远小于点焊基板的接触面积,因此点焊热量更为集中,瞬时升温速度更快,短时间内能达到更高的温度,因此更容易造成键合区域材料的挥发,产生烟雾,造成键合区域变色[17-19]。特别地,由于能量过高,基板点焊电压在高于0.9 V时,焊点表面甚至会出现空洞,且随着焊接电压和时间的进一步增加,空洞不断扩大,最终导致焊点的镀金层消失,金带无法焊接,如图12所示。
选择焊接电压0.7 V,焊接时间12 ms,电极压力1.12 N为基础参数,进行单一变量下的基板上拉力值的点焊试验,图13分别展示了焊接电压、焊接时间和电极压力与拉伸性能的关系。从图中可以看出,随着焊接电压、焊接时间、电极压力的增大,焊点最大拉力逐步提升,后趋于平缓。其中,焊接电压对拉力的影响最大,这是因为:
由焦耳定律可知,电压U与热量Q呈二次正相关,相较于时间t与热量的一次正相关,显然电压对点焊热量的影响要高于时间的影响。但电压U与时间t并非越高越好,热量过高会造成基板材料挥发,影响拉断力。此外,保证足够点焊热量的前提下,适量增加电极压力也是有利于增强金带的可靠性。
由实验结果可知,键合拉断力最低为0.324 N,最高可超过1 N。金带的焊点键合强度可参照GJB548C-2021(《微电子器件试验方法和程序》)中金丝破坏性键合拉力试验标准,以截面积来等效将金带替代为金丝,获得对应符合标准要求的拉力值。
本研究中使用的金带规格为厚25 μm,宽0.25 mm,其截面等效金丝直径d通过以下公式求得:
即本研究中使用的金带截面等效金丝直径为89.94 μm。经查阅GJB548C-2021标准中的最小键合拉力极限值对数坐标图像,查得对应的拉力极限值约为20 gf(0.2 N),如图14所示。
按照双键合点的拉力测试标准即为40 gf(0.4 N),即本文正交试验中拉断力数值高于0.4 N,则键合强度满足标准要求。
从正交试验表中可以看出,当拉断力低于1 N时,键合金带失效模式为金带与焊盘完全分离;当拉断力超过1 N时,失效模式转变为金带颈部断裂。
拉断力测试方法包括单点测试法和双点测试法,如图15所示。
本试验采用的拉断力测试方法为双点测试法。根据牛顿力学定律,F<F1+F2。GJB953A-2008标准中规定了Au99.99%在软态下的参考抗拉强度为118 MPa。
金带的参考键合拉力极限
计算金带的典型抗拉力值为0.765 N,F<F1+F2=(0.765×2)N=1.53 N,此时金带断裂所需的拉断力较高,因此拉断形貌多以金带与焊盘完全分离为主。拉断力高于1 N时,以金带颈部断裂为主。
采用上述仿真所得金带环的位置信息、金带规格和试验所得参数,进行包金带键合。将包金带成品进行10次-40 ℃~70 ℃的温度循环试验,试验后的包金带形貌如图16所示。从图中可以看出,键合点形貌良好。对温循后产品进行电性能测试,接收增益及发射输出功率与温循前电测试结果基本一致。对温循后产品键合金带进行了拉断力测试,拉断力为2.6 N,与温循前拉断力基本一致。该工艺可满足产品可靠性要求[20]
本文探究了金带包键合的详细工艺步骤,通过仿真发现包金带连接相较于锡焊在电传输性能上的优势,以及金带越接近管壳,金带尺寸为250 μm×25 μm时电传输性能最好。开展正交试验研究金带在基板及接插件上点焊时的焊接效果,得到基板的最优参数为焊接电压0.7 V,焊接时间12 ms,电极压力1.12 N;接插件的最优参数为焊接电压0.6 V,焊接时间10 ms,电极压力2.24 N。通过分析金带截面受力情况解释断裂模式多为金带与焊接面完全分离的原因;提出由于接触面积的不同导致基板和接插件焊盘变色的参数区间不同;通过系列试验发现金带拉断力随三种焊接参数的增加而增加,后趋于平缓,结合焦耳定律解释了为何焊接电压对拉断力影响最大。最后结合仿真确定的包金带位置和尺寸信息以及实验得到的焊接参数,通过规定的试验步骤,成功制得成型的包金带,并通过了高低温循环试验和电性能测试的验证。
综上,包金带工艺不足之处是工艺操作耗时长。如何优化操作方式、提高效率是未来的重点研究方向。
  • 国家级多通道T/R子阵射频微系统(2009ZYHW0019)
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doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20250218002
  • 接收时间:2025-02-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-18
  • 修回日期:2025-04-09
基金
国家级多通道T/R子阵射频微系统(2009ZYHW0019)
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    北京遥测技术研究所 北京 100076
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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