Article(id=1239136718809526639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239136718008414574, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12347/j.ycyk.20250120002, pmid=null, cstr=32406.14.ycyk.20250120002, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737302400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-20, revisedDate=1740067200000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773362815811, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773362815811, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773362815811, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773362815811, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239136718008414574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, year='2025', volume='46', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='148', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773362815620, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773393299751, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239264577775522632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239136718008414574, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239264577775522633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239136718008414574, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=26, endPage=32, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239136720755683704, articleId=1239136718809526639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, language=EN, title=A Silicon-Based CMOS 24~30 GHz Tripler, columnId=1239136720231395698, journalTitle=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, columnName=Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
This paper presents the design of a 24~30 GHz frequency tripler based on a 65 nm CMOS process, aiming at enhancing the performance of local oscillator (LO) chains in millimeter-wave communication systems. By leveraging the nonlinear characteristics of MOS transistors, the design optimizes the bias voltage and matches network to enhance the third harmonic while suppressing the fundamental and higher-order harmonics. The proposed frequency tripler employs a two-stage architecture: the first stage utilizes a differential common-source common-gate (CSCG) structure, efficiently extracts and amplifies the third harmonic, while the second stage, a power amplifier, further optimizes the bandwidth and output power through load-pull analysis. Post-layout simulation results demonstrate a 3 dB bandwidth of 24~30 GHz, achieving a relative bandwidth of 22%. At 27 GHz, the tripler delivers a saturated output power of 7.4 dBm, with a maximum in-band conversion gain of 4.2 dB. The suppression levels for the fundamental and fifth harmonics are 29 dBc and 28 dBc, respectively, maintaining good performance over a wide input power range. This design provides an efficient and compact solution for K/Ka-band LO chains in millimeter-wave communication systems.
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本文基于65nm CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor,互补金属氧化物半导体)工艺,设计了一款工作在24~30 GHz频段的三倍频器,旨在提升毫米波通信系统中本振链路的性能。本设计利用了MOS(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor,金属氧化物半导体)晶体管的非线性特性,通过优化偏置电压和匹配网络,有效增强了三次谐波,同时抑制了基波和高次谐波。本文提出的三倍频器采用两级架构:第一级基于差分的共源共栅架构,针对三次谐波进行了高效提取与放大;第二级为功率放大器,通过负载牵引分析进一步优化了带宽和输出功率。版图后仿真结果表明,该三倍频器的3 dB带宽为24~30 GHz,相对带宽达到22%,并在27 GHz处实现了7.4 dBm的饱和输出功率,带内最大转换增益为4.2 dB,基波和五次谐波的抑制分别达29 dBc和28 dBc,在较宽的输入功率范围内均具有良好的性能。本文的设计为毫米波通信中的K/Ka波段本振链路提供了一种高效且紧凑的实现方案。
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万恒至 1999年生,博士研究生。
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2024., articleTitle=硅基射频毫米波频率倍频模块的研究与设计, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239263360882102438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, awardId=BG2024006, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省科技重大专项资助(BG2024006), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239263356419363723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239263356427752332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, companyId=1239263356419363723, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1东南大学信息科学与工程学院 南京 210096)]), AuthorCompany(id=1239263356553581459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239263356561970067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, companyId=1239263356553581459, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2东南大学移动通信全国重点实验室 南京 210096)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239263358696869922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
Three basic structure of multiplexer, figureFileSmall=ny0lVIUPAqn3BW327VSIyw==, figureFileBig=9ugkmDhz8WGZPEeq89RdEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263358801727528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
三种基本的倍频器原理示意图, figureFileSmall=ny0lVIUPAqn3BW327VSIyw==, figureFileBig=9ugkmDhz8WGZPEeq89RdEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263358889807919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Harmonic components of the drain output current (a) Third harmonic-to-fundamental ratio, efficiency versus the conduction angle (b), figureFileSmall=WOv4bbzxHDsgpa2IU65VbA==, figureFileBig=Y7w50hJrsfMPIb0Xm8gDsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263358965305395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
漏极输出电流各谐波分量(a)以及三次谐波,对基波比例,效率与导通角的关系(b), figureFileSmall=WOv4bbzxHDsgpa2IU65VbA==, figureFileBig=Y7w50hJrsfMPIb0Xm8gDsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263359141466173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Schematic of the proposed frequency tripler, figureFileSmall=eNySTln23nsWNDyD9is+lA==, figureFileBig=ADOgENy3W4P3ba4nwQpIDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263359246323780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
三倍频器设计原理图, figureFileSmall=eNySTln23nsWNDyD9is+lA==, figureFileBig=ADOgENy3W4P3ba4nwQpIDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263359338598473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
(a) Harmonic output power (b) Conversion gain versus output power under different bias, figureFileSmall=4Ajw0a9Bmj42QyP9cV2BnQ==, figureFileBig=9eVKt9yqOtF2UUek33tSgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263359430873165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
不同偏置下谐波输出功率与输入功率关系(a) 以及转换增益与输入功率关系 (b), figureFileSmall=4Ajw0a9Bmj42QyP9cV2BnQ==, figureFileBig=9eVKt9yqOtF2UUek33tSgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263359556702294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Load pull result at three frequencies, figureFileSmall=R07juBfFefvrs+BaT3bWAw==, figureFileBig=Y7zas4c5UPNlDHCQBZwo9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263359648976988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
三个频点的负载牵引结果图, figureFileSmall=R07juBfFefvrs+BaT3bWAw==, figureFileBig=Y7zas4c5UPNlDHCQBZwo9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263359728668766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
S11 of the amplifier with interstage matching, figureFileSmall=EZE1WvsexM2zd58YXtLl+A==, figureFileBig=r3bjkX9ghe1EEHa5mCSI8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263359820943461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
带级间匹配后的放大器S11参数, figureFileSmall=EZE1WvsexM2zd58YXtLl+A==, figureFileBig=r3bjkX9ghe1EEHa5mCSI8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263359950966894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Schematic of transformer-based interstage matching, figureFileSmall=dVeUptp6kXG7yA6iX832DQ==, figureFileBig=Xby9qhztuDh/wPlTkEOW1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263360060018802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
级间变压器匹配的示意图, figureFileSmall=dVeUptp6kXG7yA6iX832DQ==, figureFileBig=Xby9qhztuDh/wPlTkEOW1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263360164876411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
Output power versus input power (a) Conversion gain versus input power at 9 GHz (b), figureFileSmall=HelivKGGSNjgF97YF+uNiQ==, figureFileBig=xu2wKEzL4HiU26/M5AxPQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263360265539715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
在中心频率(9 GHz)下的以及输出功率与输入功率关系 (a) 转换增益与输入功率关系 (b), figureFileSmall=HelivKGGSNjgF97YF+uNiQ==, figureFileBig=xu2wKEzL4HiU26/M5AxPQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263360357814411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
Output power versus input frequency with (a)-5 dBm (b) 0 dBm (c) 5 dBm input power, figureFileSmall=K5wfxVJvAEyIFEM+GxeKVA==, figureFileBig=srvvxBDeEceFBXAwHCLGrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263360462672018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
在 (a) -5 dBm (b) 0 dBm (c) 5 dBm下输出功率与输入频率关系, figureFileSmall=K5wfxVJvAEyIFEM+GxeKVA==, figureFileBig=srvvxBDeEceFBXAwHCLGrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239263360559141013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Design parameters of three stage matching networks
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 设计参数 | 取值 | 设计参数 | 取值 | 设计参数 | 取值 |
|---|
| Lin1 | 600 pH | Lint1 | 540 pH | Lout1 | 400 pH |
| Lin2 | 2.4 nH | Lint2 | 380 pH | Lout2 | 300 pH |
| Cin1 | 200 fF | Cint1 | 30 fF | Cout1 | 30 fF |
| Cin2 | 50 fF | Cint2 | 0 | Cout2 | 180 fF |
| Kin | 0.6 | Kint | 0.35 | Kout | 0.48 |
), ArticleFig(id=1239263360684970141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239136718809526639, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
三倍频器三级匹配取值参考参数表
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 设计参数 | 取值 | 设计参数 | 取值 | 设计参数 | 取值 |
|---|
| Lin1 | 600 pH | Lint1 | 540 pH | Lout1 | 400 pH |
| Lin2 | 2.4 nH | Lint2 | 380 pH | Lout2 | 300 pH |
| Cin1 | 200 fF | Cint1 | 30 fF | Cout1 | 30 fF |
| Cin2 | 50 fF | Cint2 | 0 | Cout2 | 180 fF |
| Kin | 0.6 | Kint | 0.35 | Kout | 0.48 |
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