Article(id=1239133501556052056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239133496480953194, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12347/j.ycyk.20241211012, pmid=null, cstr=32406.14.ycyk.20241211012, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733846400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-11, revisedDate=1739721600000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773362048758, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1747238400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773362048758, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773362048758, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773362048758, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239133496480953194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773362047547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773363045127, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239137680697651401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239133496480953194, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239137680697651402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, issueId=1239133496480953194, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=92, endPage=97, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239133501799321701, articleId=1239133501556052056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, language=EN, title=Design of Miniaturized Fiber Grating Temperature Demodulation System Based on Zynq, columnId=1239133497370145646, journalTitle=Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, columnName=Intelligent Sensor Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the temperature measurement requirements of fiber grating sensors, this paper proposes and implements a Zynq-based Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) temperature demodulation system. The system adopts the Zynq architecture, and the acquisition of FBG spectra and the calculation of the center wavelength are realized in the hardware system. Through the analysis and optimization of Gaussian fitting peak-seeking algorithm, the matrix operation is used to reduce the amount of curve-fitting operations, and the FBG center wavelength solving is realized in the hardware system, which takes into account the demodulation accuracy and at the same time, improves the demodulation rate and real-time performance of the system. The miniaturized fiber grating temperature demodulation system developed has a wavelength demodulation range of 1 510 nm ~ 1 590 nm with a stability of ±2 pm, which has a good potential application value in structural monitoring and other fields.

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针对光纤光栅传感器温度测量需求,本文提出并实现了一种基于Zynq的光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)温度解调系统。该系统采用Zynq异构架构,在硬件系统中实现FBG光谱采集与中心波长解算。通过优化高斯拟合寻峰算法,利用矩阵运算减少了曲线拟合的计算量,在硬件系统中实现了对FBG中心波长的解算,兼顾解调精度的同时提升系统解调速率与实时性。研制的小型化光纤光栅温度解调系统波长解调范围为1 510 nm ~ 1 590 nm,稳定性可达 ±2 pm,在结构监测等领域中具有良好的潜在应用价值。

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郭昊天 2000年生,硕士研究生。

朱旭峰 1998年生,硕士研究生。

吕青峰 2002年生,硕士研究生。

杨建军 1990年生,讲师。

任乾钰 1992年生,博士,讲师。

贾平岗 1982年生,教授,博士生导师。

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郭昊天 2000年生,硕士研究生。

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郭昊天 2000年生,硕士研究生。

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朱旭峰 1998年生,硕士研究生。

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吕青峰 2002年生,硕士研究生。

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杨建军 1990年生,讲师。

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任乾钰 1992年生,博士,讲师。

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贾平岗 1982年生,教授,博士生导师。

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Demodulation system temperature test results

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温度/℃中心波长/nm
-26.704 171 559.505 63
2.084 831 559.816 97
30.445 751 560.133 16
60.349 171 560.456 74
89.314 671 560.802 90
119.552 751 561.167 99
192.773 851 562.109 25
239.012 251 562.745 98
284.031 921 563.355 55
330.916 671 563.999 53
), ArticleFig(id=1239273978473271765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238841944844054536, articleId=1239133501556052056, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

解调系统温度测试结果

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温度/℃中心波长/nm
-26.704 171 559.505 63
2.084 831 559.816 97
30.445 751 560.133 16
60.349 171 560.456 74
89.314 671 560.802 90
119.552 751 561.167 99
192.773 851 562.109 25
239.012 251 562.745 98
284.031 921 563.355 55
330.916 671 563.999 53
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基于Zynq小型化光纤光栅温度解调系统设计
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郭昊天 , 朱旭峰 , 吕青峰 , 杨建军 , 任乾钰 , 贾平岗
遥测遥控 | 智能传感器技术 2025,46(3): 92-97
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遥测遥控 | 智能传感器技术 2025, 46(3): 92-97
基于Zynq小型化光纤光栅温度解调系统设计
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郭昊天, 朱旭峰, 吕青峰, 杨建军, 任乾钰, 贾平岗
作者信息
  • 中北大学省部共建动态测试技术国家重点实验室 太原 030051
  • 郭昊天 2000年生,硕士研究生。

    朱旭峰 1998年生,硕士研究生。

    吕青峰 2002年生,硕士研究生。

    杨建军 1990年生,讲师。

    任乾钰 1992年生,博士,讲师。

    贾平岗 1982年生,教授,博士生导师。

Design of Miniaturized Fiber Grating Temperature Demodulation System Based on Zynq
Haotian GUO, Xufeng ZHU, Qingfeng LYU, Jianjun YANG, Qianyu REN, Pinggang JIA
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
出版时间: 2025-05-15 doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20241211012
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针对光纤光栅传感器温度测量需求,本文提出并实现了一种基于Zynq的光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)温度解调系统。该系统采用Zynq异构架构,在硬件系统中实现FBG光谱采集与中心波长解算。通过优化高斯拟合寻峰算法,利用矩阵运算减少了曲线拟合的计算量,在硬件系统中实现了对FBG中心波长的解算,兼顾解调精度的同时提升系统解调速率与实时性。研制的小型化光纤光栅温度解调系统波长解调范围为1 510 nm ~ 1 590 nm,稳定性可达 ±2 pm,在结构监测等领域中具有良好的潜在应用价值。

光纤布拉格光栅  /  温度检测  /  光纤传感  /  线阵图像传感器

Aiming at the temperature measurement requirements of fiber grating sensors, this paper proposes and implements a Zynq-based Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) temperature demodulation system. The system adopts the Zynq architecture, and the acquisition of FBG spectra and the calculation of the center wavelength are realized in the hardware system. Through the analysis and optimization of Gaussian fitting peak-seeking algorithm, the matrix operation is used to reduce the amount of curve-fitting operations, and the FBG center wavelength solving is realized in the hardware system, which takes into account the demodulation accuracy and at the same time, improves the demodulation rate and real-time performance of the system. The miniaturized fiber grating temperature demodulation system developed has a wavelength demodulation range of 1 510 nm ~ 1 590 nm with a stability of ±2 pm, which has a good potential application value in structural monitoring and other fields.

Fiber Bragg Grating  /  Temperature detection  /  Optical fiber sensing  /  Line array image sensors
郭昊天, 朱旭峰, 吕青峰, 杨建军, 任乾钰, 贾平岗. 基于Zynq小型化光纤光栅温度解调系统设计. 遥测遥控, 2025 , 46 (3) : 92 -97 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20241211012
Haotian GUO, Xufeng ZHU, Qingfeng LYU, Jianjun YANG, Qianyu REN, Pinggang JIA. Design of Miniaturized Fiber Grating Temperature Demodulation System Based on Zynq[J]. Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, 2025 , 46 (3) : 92 -97 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20241211012
光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)传感器具有体积小、重量轻、抗电磁干扰、无源传感以及容易复用等优点,在极端环境下能完成传统电学传感器难以完成的任务[1]。在结构监测领域,光纤光栅通过测量反射波长的变化,能够精确检测结构的应变和温度等参数,提供长期稳定的实时数据,广泛应用于桥梁、隧道、建筑等的健康监测与故障预警[2,3]
FBG解调原理通常通过解调FBG传感器反射光谱中心波长的偏移量来反映被测物理量的变化[4,5]。目前,常见的光纤光栅解调方法主要包括扫描解调方法[6]、干涉解调方法和光谱解调方法[7,8]。基于可调谐激光器[9]、法布里-珀罗滤波器[10]等扫描解调方法具有精度较高的优点,但受限于扫描频率,解调速率较低。干涉解调方法具有解调精度高,解调速率快等优点[11],但其测量范围较小、长期稳定性较低,在实际工程中应用较少。光谱解调方法主要利用衍射光栅等分光器件和光电探测器获取FBG反射谱,FENG等提出了一种基于衍射光栅的高速解调技术,对光学模型进行了仿真,并对结构参数进行了优化,光学分辨率达到170 pm,解调速率为2 kHz[12]。该解调方法具有解调速率快、稳定性高、抗干扰能力强等优点[13],但受限于采样点数有限,难以精准重构FBG反射谱。2023年,魏鹤鸣等人提出了一种基于衍射光栅的光纤布拉格光栅振动解调系统,通过在上位机运行高斯曲线拟合算法来定位中心波长,将波长分辨率提升至0.5 pm,实现了对4 kHz振动频率的解调[14]。然而,在上位机中利用各类解调算法实现中心波长解算的解调系统,存在体积大、结构复杂的不足。
本文针对光谱解调方法获取FBG采样点有限、系统解调精度不高等缺陷,改进高斯拟合寻峰算法,在硬件系统中利用矩阵运算实现中心波长检测,减少曲线拟合计算量。系统采用Zynq的架构,实现光谱采集与中心波长解算。
在光纤的纤芯中引入一个周期性的栅区,当宽带光源光束通过光纤栅区时,FBG会反射特定波长的光如图1所示。其反射光中心波长λB可表示为:
式中,neff是光纤纤芯的有效折射率;Λ是光栅周期。在温度传感中,热膨胀与热光效应影响FBG布拉格波长λB的漂移。热膨胀效应:温度变化引起光栅周期Λ的变化;热光效应:温度变化引起光纤材料的折射率neff的变化。因此,布拉格波长λB变化可以表示为:
式中,αξ分别表示光栅的热膨胀系数和光纤材料的热光系数。式(2)表明光纤光栅的中心波长变化量与温度变化成线性关系,通过监测FBG中心波长的偏移即可实现温度测量[15]
在光谱解调方法中实际探测到的光谱信号是对连续光谱的离散抽样。因此,不能简单地将探测到的峰值像元直接作为FBG的中心波长。FBG反射光谱的强度分布可近似为高斯分布[16-18],其表达式为:
式中,a表示曲线宽度,b表示曲线的峰值中心,c表示半高全宽。对式(3)进行如下变换:
,可将式(6)转化为二次多项式拟合函数如式(7)所示:
在式(7)的基础上,考虑全部数据和测试误差,以矩阵形式表示如下:
简化为:
式中,矩阵En×1为测量误差,在不考虑总量程误差E影响的情况下,根据最小二乘原理,可求得拟合常数b0b1b2构成的矩阵B的广义最小二乘解为:
进而根据式(7),可求得代估参数abc,从而获得FBG反射光谱曲线的中心波长:
图2所示,系统整体设计主要分为电源模块、光路模块和信号处理模块三个部分。电源模块将输入28 V供电转换为多路纯净、纹波极小的电压给各部分供电。光路模块主要包括1×16光开关、SLEDV(超辐射发光二极管光源)光源与光谱模块等光学配件。探测范围为S+C+L波段,像素点个数为512,光谱输出频率最快可达17 kHz。SLED光源发出以1 550 nm为中心,3 dB谱宽80 nm的宽带光传输到FBG温度传感器上,反射光再通过环形器传入光谱模块中。信号处理模块对光开关进行16通道切换的驱动,实现16通道的解调。信号处理模块是以Zynq为核心,利用内部集成FPGA架构,实现对光学器件的驱动以及采集传输的功能,内部集成ARM架构对采回的光谱信号进行高斯拟合处理,最终实现FBG中心波长的解算。
系统硬件部分主要由电源模块和信号处理模块两部分构成,电源模块将整个系统的电源先通过EMI(电磁干扰)和隔离DC-DC模块后再产生主控板所用的各种不同的电压值,信号处理模块主要电路包括Zynq系统电路、CMOS(互补金属氧化物半导体)驱动电路、1×16 MEMS光开关驱动电路、ADC(模拟数字转换器)采集电路、以太网RS422通信电路等。系统硬件整体框架如图3所示。
信号处理模块输出一路时钟信号和一路脉冲信号作为驱动信号,分别表示为CLK和RESET。其中,CLK为1 MHz~5 MHz时钟信号以作为探测器阵列输出光电信号的驱动脉冲;RESET信号作为复位信号,用于初始化在CMOS芯片中电荷放大器的反馈电容,以改变曝光时间。同时,信号处理模块输入多路电压对CMOS芯片和后端模拟器件供电如图4所示。光谱模块供电方案都选用纹波小的LDO(低压差线性稳压器)电路,电压纹波控制均在10 mV以下。
图5所示,应当在CMOS芯片处于图中的稳定阶段时,对VIDEO信号进行采集。在电荷积累的过程中,输出信号不稳定,将触发信号进行适当的延迟控制,待VIDEO信号进入稳定阶段再对其做采集处理。
图6所示,系统以Zynq为核心进行设计,其内部有多级数据缓存模块,负责对数据流的保护与多级时钟域转换的处理。对采集的光谱数据进行缓存与组包处理后再通过以太网传输模块上传至上位机,同时会对以太网下发的指令进行缓存与解析处理,分别解析出采集模式、通道切换以及解调速率的多种指令格式。PL端进一步对光谱数据进行预处理后传至PS。PS端通过高斯拟合寻峰算法得光谱数据的特征点,进行特征点与中心波长的转换,再通过仲裁模块将中心波长数据上传至上位机或者保存在下位机待处理。
通过Zynq架构协同实现对数据的预处理和高斯曲线拟合的流程,如图7所示。在PL端利用冒泡法提取出原始信号的峰值及该峰值左右各3个像元的信号值,并将该组信号传到PS端,PS端接到中断触发后在中断服务函数中执行高斯拟合算法,对式(9)进行矩阵运算即可得出矩阵B中的b0b1b2数值,从而得出中心波长。
系统输出的高斯拟合曲线与中心波长,如图8中实线所示。光谱仪采集的FBG反射谱如图8中虚线所示。两者的中心波长具有良好的一致性,分别为1 548.179 nm与1 548.180 nm,表明拟合算法在系统中运行良好,结果准确。
在实验室环境下(25 ℃,标准大气压),系统连续解调1 h,共采集到约40 000组数据点。如图9所示,解调出FBG中心波长最大波动不超过±2 pm,采集数据的平均值为1 548.380 28 nm,数据标准差约为0.5 pm。证明该系统解调中心波长的一致性较好,具有良好的实际工程应用价值。
将单点FBG传感器放入管式炉中进行300 ℃的升温实验,使用该解调系统测得的中心波长数据见表1
通过计算系统线性度可以反映出系统输出测量值与理论直线的吻合程度[19]。对测得中心波长数据进行线性拟合,拟合结果如图10所示,可以看出测量的中心波长与实际的温度有着较好的线性关系(R2 = 0.998)。
计算出测试点与线性拟合后的对应点最大偏差值ΔYmax,满量程Y,由式(10)计算得到线性度δ[20]
经过计算测得数据拟合后的最大线性度为2.3%。
本文设计了一种基于Zynq的小型化光纤光栅温度解调系统,完成电路系统的搭建与解调算法在下位机的实现,完成了对光纤光栅传感器中心波长的测量,提高了测量的精度和稳定性。最终实现光纤光栅传感器的原始光谱与中心波长数据在上位机实时显示。本文所提出的解调系统通过在硬件系统实现高斯拟合寻峰算法,在兼顾解调精度的同时,提升系统解调速率与实时性,在结构监测等领域中具有良好的潜在应用价值。
  • 国家科技重大专项(J2019-V-0015-0110)
  • 山西省科技创新人才团队专项资助(202204051001016)
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2025年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20241211012
  • 接收时间:2024-12-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-11
  • 修回日期:2025-02-17
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国家科技重大专项(J2019-V-0015-0110)
山西省科技创新人才团队专项资助(202204051001016)
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    中北大学省部共建动态测试技术国家重点实验室 太原 030051
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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