Article(id=1307013802785010305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1755014400000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545973725, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1774195200000, pubDateStr=2026-03-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545973725, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545973725, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545973725, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013423896753139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='3', pageStart='1177', pageEnd='1776', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774195200000', pubDateStr='2026-03-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545883392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609930841, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1458, endPage=1469, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013802956976770, articleId=1307013802785010305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Establishment of A Pregnancy Detection Technique Based on DNA Methylation of VBP1, CpG_280, and CpG_1360 Genes in Sows, columnId=1307007399437562052, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to identify pregnancy-associated differentially methylated genes and develop an early pregnancy detection technology utilizing methylation-specific fluorescent probes. This study focused on differentially methylated regions in gene promoters and CpG islands to identify potential biomarkers for swine pregnancy. Initially, methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was employed for preliminary validation of these differentially methylated regions. Subsequently, target-specific fluorescent probes were designed to establish an early pregnancy detection method based on quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP), followed by methodological verification. Compared with empty pregnant sows, the blood of pregnant sows at 25-30 days of gestation showed high methylation of VBP1 and CpG_280, while CpG_1360 showed low methylation, indicating that these sites may be involved in pregnancy regulation. Using β-actin as an internal reference probe, methylation probes for VBP1, CpG_280, and CpG_1360 were designed to establish a qMSP detection method for preliminary application. Concordance analysis between this methylation probe-based detection and ultrasound (B-ultrasound) showed ROC curve AUC values of 0.713 8, 0.608 0, and 0.746 6 (all>0.5), with qMSP concordance rates of 85.0%, 78.75%, and 85.0%, respectively. This study is the first to confirm that VBP1 and CpG_280 are hypermethylated while CpG_1360 is hypomethylated during early sow pregnancy. The fluorescence probe-based methylation detection technology targeting these genes offers a novel method for early pregnancy diagnosis in swine.

, authors=Lanying GU, Shiyi LI, Qinchuan ZHANG, Yanming SUN, Yanbing ZHANG, authorsList=Lanying GU, Shiyi LI, Qinchuan ZHANG, Yanming SUN, Yanbing ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yanming SUN, Yanbing ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
SUN Yanming, E-mail:
ZHANG Yanbing, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307013806970925711, articleId=1307013802785010305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=CN, title=基于母猪VBP1,CpG_280和CpG_1360靶标DNA甲基化的妊娠检测技术建立, columnId=1307007399861186759, journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, columnName=生物技术与繁殖, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

旨在筛选母猪妊娠相关差异甲基化基因,建立基于甲基化荧光探针早孕检测技术。本研究重点关注基因启动子和CpG岛差异甲基化区域,筛选潜在的猪妊娠靶标。首先利用甲基化特异性PCR(methylation-specific PCR,MSP)对基因差异甲基化区域进行初步验证,进一步设计靶标荧光探针,建立基于甲基化荧光探针(quantitative methylation-specific PCR,qMSP)早孕检测技术方法并进行验证。试验数据显示,发现相比于空怀母猪,妊娠25~30天母猪血液中VBP1和CpG_280呈现高甲基化状态,而CpG_1360表现为低甲基化,表明这些位点可能参与妊娠调控。以猪β-actin为内参探针,设计VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360甲基化探针,建立qMSP检测方法并初步应用。对靶标基因甲基化探针检测技术与B超检测符合率进行分析,VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360的受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)下的面积(area under curve,AUC)分别为0.713 8、0.608 0和0.746 6,均大于0.5,基于VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360的qMSP检测技术符合率分别为85.0%、78.75%和85.0%,AUC值大于0.5说明该检测技术具有诊断价值。本研究证实在母猪妊娠早期其血液中VBP1和CpG_280为高甲基化而CpG_1360为低甲基化,基于靶标基因的甲基化荧光探针检测技术可作为一种早期诊断猪妊娠的新方法。

, authors=顾兰英, 李世义, 张秦川, 孙延鸣, 张彦兵, authorsList=顾兰英, 李世义, 张秦川, 孙延鸣, 张彦兵, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙延鸣, 张彦兵, authorNote=

顾兰英,硕士生,主要从事临床兽医方向研究,E-mail:

顾兰英和李世义为同等贡献作者

李世义,硕士生,主要从事临床兽医方向研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
孙延鸣,主要从事临床兽医学方向研究,E-mail:
张彦兵,主要从事临床兽医学方向研究,E-mail:
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李世义,硕士生,主要从事临床兽医方向研究,E-mail:

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李世义,硕士生,主要从事临床兽医方向研究,E-mail:

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articleId=1307013802785010305, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=早孕)], refs=[Reference(id=1307281546117926998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUAN R,GAO W C,LI P,et al.Utilization and reproductive performance of gilts in large-scale pig farming system with different production levels in China:a descriptive study[J].Porcine Health Manag,2021,7(1):62. 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DOI:10.1080/10495398.2023.2184698, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307281545618804817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, awardId=32360901, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(32360901), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307281545690107986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, awardId=32060133, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(32060133), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307281545753022547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, awardId=2023ZD042, language=CN, fundingSource=兵团指导性科技计划项目(2023ZD042), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307281545832714324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, awardId=2022D01B197, language=CN, fundingSource=新疆维吾尔自治区青年科学基金项目(2022D01B197), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307281545929183317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, awardId=FMOF2023002, language=CN, fundingSource=动物生物医药兵团重点实验室开放性课题(FMOF2023002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281540753412123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281540761800732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, companyId=1307281540753412123, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281540770189341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, companyId=1307281540753412123, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=石河子大学动物科技学院,石河子 832003)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307281544456982593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=VBP1 MSP results (n=3)

A. MSP amplification patterns of the VBP1 gene in pregnancy and non-pregnancy blood samples (n=3); B. Relative fluorescence intensity histograms of VBP1 amplification products analyzed by Image J; C. Histograms showing relative fluorescence intensities of MSP amplification bands on gel electrophoresis. 1. DL2000 DNA Marker; U. Unmethylated; M. Methylated; Ctrl-1,2,3. Non-pregnancy groups (1,2,3); Pre-1,2,3. Pregnancy groups (1,2,3)

, figureFileSmall=HUZHQyHnlGQRdVqu//jeaA==, figureFileBig=An0M+RjwUsqpcgb0rahJzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281544519897154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, language=CN, label=图1, caption=VBP1 甲基化特异性PCR结果(n=3)

A.妊娠与非妊娠血液样本中VBP1基因MSP扩增图(n=3); B. Image J分析的VBP1各个扩增产物的相对荧光强度直方图;C.直方图表示凝胶图上MSP扩增产物各个条带的相对荧光强度。1. DL2000 DNA Marker;U.未甲基化;M.甲基化;Ctrl-1,2,3.未妊娠组1,2,3; Pre-1,2,3.妊娠组1,2,3

, figureFileSmall=HUZHQyHnlGQRdVqu//jeaA==, figureFileBig=An0M+RjwUsqpcgb0rahJzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281544607977539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=CpG_280 MSP results (n=3)

A. MSP amplification patterns of CpG_280 gene in pregnancy and non-pregnancy blood samples (n=3); B. Relative fluorescence intensity histograms of CpG_280 amplification products analyzed by Image J; C. Histograms showing relative fluorescence intensities of MSP amplification bands on gel electrophoresis. 1. DL2000 DNA Marker; U. Unmethylated; M. Methylated; Ctrl-1,2,3. Non-pregnancy groups (1,2,3); Pre-1,2,3. Pregnancy groups (1,2,3)

, figureFileSmall=NZWzdp6s8zd7hAR/Ts6DIA==, figureFileBig=cePFEiGMiL6MZ3B/ekN+DA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281544683475012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, language=CN, label=图2, caption=CpG_280甲基化特异性PCR结果(n=3)

A.妊娠与非妊娠血液样本中CpG_280基因MSP扩增图(n=3);B. Image J分析的CpG_280各个扩增产物的相对荧光强度直方图;C.直方图表示凝胶图上MSP扩增产物各个条带的相对荧光强度。1. DL2000 DNA Marker;U.未甲基化;M.甲基化;Ctrl-1,2,3.未妊娠组1,2,3; Pre-1,2,3.妊娠组1,2,3

, figureFileSmall=NZWzdp6s8zd7hAR/Ts6DIA==, figureFileBig=cePFEiGMiL6MZ3B/ekN+DA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281544733806661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=CpG_1360 MSP results (n=3)

A. MSP amplification patterns of the CpG_1360 gene in pregnancy and non-pregnancy blood samples (n=3); B. Relative fluorescence intensity histograms of CpG_1360 amplification products analyzed by Image J; C. Histograms showing relative fluorescence intensities of MSP amplification bands on the gel electrophoresis. 1. DL2000 DNA Marker; U. Unmethylated; M. Methylated; Ctrl-1,2,3. Non-pregnancy groups (1,2,3); Pre-1,2,3. Pregnancy groups (1,2,3)

, figureFileSmall=4MAQA6dWYBA5Bee+JydW/g==, figureFileBig=MoUPfhGp9db3TLxAXhLTsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281544800915526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, language=CN, label=图3, caption=CpG_1360甲基化特异性PCR结果(n=3)

A.妊娠与非妊娠血液样本中CpG_1360基因MSP扩增图(n=3);B. Image J分析的CpG_1360各个扩增产物的相对荧光强度直方图;C.直方图表示凝胶图上MSP扩增产物各个条带的相对荧光强度。1. DL2000 DNA Marker;U.未甲基化;M.甲基化;Ctrl-1,2,3.未妊娠组1,2,3; Pre-1,2,3.妊娠组1,2,3

, figureFileSmall=4MAQA6dWYBA5Bee+JydW/g==, figureFileBig=MoUPfhGp9db3TLxAXhLTsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281544855441479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Methylation levels of VBP1, CpG_280, and CpG_1360 in pregnant and non-pregnant groups determined by fluorescence probe method

A.VBP1 methylation level; B. CpG_280 methylation level; C.CpG_1360 methylation level. Ctrl. Non-pregnancy group;Pre25. 25-day pregnancy group. *** indicates highly significant difference (P<0.000 1)

, figureFileSmall=sYf0lEw+MFD8ZemrFqI9+w==, figureFileBig=jwSiovvA/CfVfymf7isnYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281544922550344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基于荧光探针法测定妊娠及空怀组VBP1,CpG_280和CpG_1360甲基化水平

A.VBP1甲基化水平;B.CpG_280甲基化水平;C.CpG_1360甲基化水平。Ctrl.未妊娠组;Pre25.妊娠25天组。***表示差异极显著(P<0.000 1)

, figureFileSmall=sYf0lEw+MFD8ZemrFqI9+w==, figureFileBig=jwSiovvA/CfVfymf7isnYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281544993853513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=ROC curves and AUC of VBP1, CpG_280 and CpG_1360 in pregnant sows blood samples

A. ROC curve and AUC of VBP1; B. ROC curve and AUC of CpG_280; C. ROC curve and AUC of CpG_1360

, figureFileSmall=DTONiFQeR4Ml4UALKRp8CQ==, figureFileBig=eAN4ix/uO8fIqXtcufgTZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281545052573770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, language=CN, label=图5, caption=妊娠猪血液样本中 VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360的ROC曲线和AUC

A.VBP1 ROC曲线和AUC; B. CpG_280 ROC曲线和AUC; C. CpG_1360 ROC曲线和AUC

, figureFileSmall=DTONiFQeR4Ml4UALKRp8CQ==, figureFileBig=eAN4ix/uO8fIqXtcufgTZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281545119682635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

MSP primers information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

基因

Gene

引物序列(5'→3')

Sequence

退火温度/℃

Tm

产物长度/bp

Product length

VBP1M-F: TTAGGTTCGTTTTAGTTGTTTTTTC56135
M-R: TATAAATCTACGCATTCATTAACGC
U-F: GATTTAGGTTTGTTTTAGTTGTTTTTTT54137
U-R: ATAAATCTACACATTCATTAACACA
CpG_280M-F: GGTTTGTGTCGTTAGAATAAAGGC56100
M-R: GCTAAAAAACATATCCACAATAACGAT
U-F: GGTTTGTGTTGTTAGAATAAAGGTGG55101
U-R: GTCTAAAAAACATATCCACAATAACAAT
CpG_1360M-F: GGTAGTAGTTTAGGATCGAATTGCGT57152
M-R: GAAACAACCCTACTAATAAACTCGAA
U-F: GGTAGTAGTTTAGGATTGAATTGTGT55151
U-R: GAACAACCCTACTAATAAACTCAAA
), ArticleFig(id=1307281545182597196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

MSP引物信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

基因

Gene

引物序列(5'→3')

Sequence

退火温度/℃

Tm

产物长度/bp

Product length

VBP1M-F: TTAGGTTCGTTTTAGTTGTTTTTTC56135
M-R: TATAAATCTACGCATTCATTAACGC
U-F: GATTTAGGTTTGTTTTAGTTGTTTTTTT54137
U-R: ATAAATCTACACATTCATTAACACA
CpG_280M-F: GGTTTGTGTCGTTAGAATAAAGGC56100
M-R: GCTAAAAAACATATCCACAATAACGAT
U-F: GGTTTGTGTTGTTAGAATAAAGGTGG55101
U-R: GTCTAAAAAACATATCCACAATAACAAT
CpG_1360M-F: GGTAGTAGTTTAGGATCGAATTGCGT57152
M-R: GAAACAACCCTACTAATAAACTCGAA
U-F: GGTAGTAGTTTAGGATTGAATTGTGT55151
U-R: GAACAACCCTACTAATAAACTCAAA
), ArticleFig(id=1307281545249706061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

qMSP-Taq Probe primers information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因Gene

引物序列(5'→3')

Sequence

产物长度/bpProduct length
VBP1F: CGTAGATTTATACGCGAGGGGCG88
R: ACAAACTACCTCTCGAACTACCAACCG
Probe: FAM ACTATAATTAACCCGCTCACACCCG TAMRA-N
CpG_280F: GGTTTGTGTCGTTAGAATAAAGGC100
R: GCTAAAAAACATATCCACAATAACGAT
Probe: FAM CAAAATATAAAACAAAAATCCTCCCCCG TAMRA-N
CpG_1360F: GGTAGTAGTTTAGGATCGAATTGCGT152
R: GAAACAACCCTACTAATAAACTCGAA
Probe: FAM CGCGCTACAAACCCCGCACAAAAACG TAMRA-N
β-actinF: GGTGTTATTTATTTTATGTTTGTG89
R: CCTCTCCAACAAATACCA
Probe: Cy5 ACCACTTCTACCACCCAACACC BHQ3
), ArticleFig(id=1307281545329397838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

qMSP-Taq Probe引物信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因Gene

引物序列(5'→3')

Sequence

产物长度/bpProduct length
VBP1F: CGTAGATTTATACGCGAGGGGCG88
R: ACAAACTACCTCTCGAACTACCAACCG
Probe: FAM ACTATAATTAACCCGCTCACACCCG TAMRA-N
CpG_280F: GGTTTGTGTCGTTAGAATAAAGGC100
R: GCTAAAAAACATATCCACAATAACGAT
Probe: FAM CAAAATATAAAACAAAAATCCTCCCCCG TAMRA-N
CpG_1360F: GGTAGTAGTTTAGGATCGAATTGCGT152
R: GAAACAACCCTACTAATAAACTCGAA
Probe: FAM CGCGCTACAAACCCCGCACAAAAACG TAMRA-N
β-actinF: GGTGTTATTTATTTTATGTTTGTG89
R: CCTCTCCAACAAATACCA
Probe: Cy5 ACCACTTCTACCACCCAACACC BHQ3
), ArticleFig(id=1307281545392312399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Threshold value of target genes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

靶标因子

Targeting factors

判断 Judgement

符合率/%

Conformity rate

非妊娠 Non-pregnancy妊娠 Pregnancy
VBP1ΔCt>4.0ΔCt≤3.085.0
CpG_280ΔCt>10.3ΔCt≤8.078.75
CpG_1360ΔCt<1.8ΔCt≥3.285.0
), ArticleFig(id=1307281545463615568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013802785010305, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

靶标基因临界值判断

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

靶标因子

Targeting factors

判断 Judgement

符合率/%

Conformity rate

非妊娠 Non-pregnancy妊娠 Pregnancy
VBP1ΔCt>4.0ΔCt≤3.085.0
CpG_280ΔCt>10.3ΔCt≤8.078.75
CpG_1360ΔCt<1.8ΔCt≥3.285.0
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基于母猪VBP1,CpG_280和CpG_1360靶标DNA甲基化的妊娠检测技术建立
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顾兰英 , 李世义 , 张秦川 , 孙延鸣 , 张彦兵
畜牧兽医学报 | 生物技术与繁殖 2026,57(3): 1458-1469
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畜牧兽医学报 |生物技术与繁殖 2026 , 57 (3) : 1458 -1469
基于母猪VBP1,CpG_280和CpG_1360靶标DNA甲基化的妊娠检测技术建立
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顾兰英, 李世义 , 张秦川, 孙延鸣 , 张彦兵
作者信息
  • 石河子大学动物科技学院,石河子 832003
通讯作者:
孙延鸣,主要从事临床兽医学方向研究,E-mail:
张彦兵,主要从事临床兽医学方向研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

顾兰英,硕士生,主要从事临床兽医方向研究,E-mail:

顾兰英和李世义为同等贡献作者

李世义,硕士生,主要从事临床兽医方向研究,E-mail:

Establishment of A Pregnancy Detection Technique Based on DNA Methylation of VBP1, CpG_280, and CpG_1360 Genes in Sows
Lanying GU, Shiyi LI , Qinchuan ZHANG, Yanming SUN , Yanbing ZHANG
Affiliations
  • College of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    SUN Yanming, E-mail:
    ZHANG Yanbing, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.024
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旨在筛选母猪妊娠相关差异甲基化基因,建立基于甲基化荧光探针早孕检测技术。本研究重点关注基因启动子和CpG岛差异甲基化区域,筛选潜在的猪妊娠靶标。首先利用甲基化特异性PCR(methylation-specific PCR,MSP)对基因差异甲基化区域进行初步验证,进一步设计靶标荧光探针,建立基于甲基化荧光探针(quantitative methylation-specific PCR,qMSP)早孕检测技术方法并进行验证。试验数据显示,发现相比于空怀母猪,妊娠25~30天母猪血液中VBP1和CpG_280呈现高甲基化状态,而CpG_1360表现为低甲基化,表明这些位点可能参与妊娠调控。以猪β-actin为内参探针,设计VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360甲基化探针,建立qMSP检测方法并初步应用。对靶标基因甲基化探针检测技术与B超检测符合率进行分析,VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360的受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)下的面积(area under curve,AUC)分别为0.713 8、0.608 0和0.746 6,均大于0.5,基于VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360的qMSP检测技术符合率分别为85.0%、78.75%和85.0%,AUC值大于0.5说明该检测技术具有诊断价值。本研究证实在母猪妊娠早期其血液中VBP1和CpG_280为高甲基化而CpG_1360为低甲基化,基于靶标基因的甲基化荧光探针检测技术可作为一种早期诊断猪妊娠的新方法。

DNA甲基化  /  妊娠诊断  /  荧光探针  /  猪  /  早孕

This study aimed to identify pregnancy-associated differentially methylated genes and develop an early pregnancy detection technology utilizing methylation-specific fluorescent probes. This study focused on differentially methylated regions in gene promoters and CpG islands to identify potential biomarkers for swine pregnancy. Initially, methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was employed for preliminary validation of these differentially methylated regions. Subsequently, target-specific fluorescent probes were designed to establish an early pregnancy detection method based on quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP), followed by methodological verification. Compared with empty pregnant sows, the blood of pregnant sows at 25-30 days of gestation showed high methylation of VBP1 and CpG_280, while CpG_1360 showed low methylation, indicating that these sites may be involved in pregnancy regulation. Using β-actin as an internal reference probe, methylation probes for VBP1, CpG_280, and CpG_1360 were designed to establish a qMSP detection method for preliminary application. Concordance analysis between this methylation probe-based detection and ultrasound (B-ultrasound) showed ROC curve AUC values of 0.713 8, 0.608 0, and 0.746 6 (all>0.5), with qMSP concordance rates of 85.0%, 78.75%, and 85.0%, respectively. This study is the first to confirm that VBP1 and CpG_280 are hypermethylated while CpG_1360 is hypomethylated during early sow pregnancy. The fluorescence probe-based methylation detection technology targeting these genes offers a novel method for early pregnancy diagnosis in swine.

DNA methylation  /  pregnancy diagnosis  /  fluorescence probe  /  swine  /  early pregnancy
顾兰英, 李世义, 张秦川, 孙延鸣, 张彦兵. 基于母猪VBP1,CpG_280和CpG_1360靶标DNA甲基化的妊娠检测技术建立. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1458 -1469 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.024
Lanying GU, Shiyi LI, Qinchuan ZHANG, Yanming SUN, Yanbing ZHANG. Establishment of A Pregnancy Detection Technique Based on DNA Methylation of VBP1, CpG_280, and CpG_1360 Genes in Sows[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1458 -1469 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.024
中国作为全球最大的生猪养殖大国,每年消耗生猪约7亿头,其中猪肉产量持续保持世界第一。在生猪养殖集约化进程不断推进的背景下,母猪早期妊娠检测技术的应用显得尤为关键。通过及时准确地判断配种后母猪的妊娠状态,可以有效降低空怀母猪的饲养成本,显著提升繁殖效率,从而为养殖企业创造更大的经济价值[1]。在现有规模化养殖场中,B型超声检测技术应用较为广泛[2]。根据最新研究数据,采用经腹部实时超声(real-time ultrasound,RTU)技术可在受精后30 d内实现妊娠诊断,其检测准确率能够达到81%的水平[3]。这一技术的推广应用为养殖场妊娠管理提供了可靠的技术支持,但其对于检测仪器和操作人员要求严格,例如需要较丰富的经验[4],故需要开发一种相对简易的早孕诊断方法。
表观遗传学调控涉及了从胚胎发生[5]、干细胞的多能性和细胞分化到生长、成熟和衰老等所有生物过程[6⁃8]。表观遗传修饰包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)以及RNA的修饰[9]。DNA甲基化对哺乳动物的发育非常重要,它是大多数哺乳动物基因组中最稳定和特征最明显的表观遗传修饰[10]。目前,DNA甲基化的常用检测方法包括甲基化特异性PCR(methylation specific PCR,MSP)[11]、亚硫酸盐的测序法(bisulfite sequencing PCR,BSP)[12]、甲基化敏感限制性内切酶法(methylation sensitive restriction endonuclease,MSRE)[13]和定量甲基化特异性PCR(quantitative methylation specific PCR,qMSP)[14]等。其中,MSP 操作简便、灵敏度高、特异性强,可快速评估CpG岛中散在CpG位点的甲基化状态,且不依赖甲基化敏感限制酶[15]。然而,该方法仅能定性分析,无法实现定量检测。BSP 方法通过亚硫酸氢钠处理基因组DNA,使未甲基化的胞嘧啶(C)转化为尿嘧啶(U),而甲基化的胞嘧啶保持不变,目前被视为DNA甲基化分析的金标准[16]。BSP 能够提供每个CpG位点可靠且详细的甲基化模式信息,既可定性也可定量,还可揭示不同CpG位点之间的甲基化相关性[17];但其流程耗时、成本较高,不利于大规模样本检测[18]。qMSP则结合了MSP的高灵敏度和特异性,以及实时荧光定量PCR快速、准确、动态范围宽等优势[19],是一种标准化、高通量的检测方法,结果更为可靠,适用于常规大样本分析[20]。DNA甲基化还被广泛运用于猪的繁殖育种、肌肉以及骨骼肌发育[21⁃23]等研究方面。但是,目前母猪妊娠相关甲基化调控网络尚未被系统解析。
本课题组选择猪核糖体蛋白L10(ribosomal protein L10,RPL10)基因甲基化为靶标成功建立了早孕检测技术,并初步应用于猪早孕检测,符合率为87.5%,初步证实妊娠相关基因甲基化水平可以指示母猪妊娠状态[24]。前期研究采用简化表观亚硫酸氢盐测序(reduced representation bisulfite sequencing,RRBS)对妊娠母猪与非妊娠母猪外周血样本进行分析,结果显示妊娠组与空怀组基因组DNA甲基化存在显著差异,主要集中在基因启动子及CpG岛周围。本研究对前期DNA甲基化数据库差异基因筛选,利用妊娠与非妊娠猪血液样本,基于MSP和qMSP方法进行验证,进一步证实VBP1、CpG_280、CpG_1360关键甲基化靶标,建立基于关键靶标的核酸检测方法并初步进行运用。该方法的建立不仅为揭示动物妊娠早期的表观遗传调控机制提供了有效研究手段,同时也为猪妊娠早期诊断技术的开发提供了新的技术路径。
以杜洛克与长白猪的二元杂交母猪作为试验对象,采集新疆某猪场妊娠25~30天和非妊娠猪血液,血液样本在运输过程中冷冻保存。妊娠母猪均为同期发情后人工授精,试验中采样猪只为8~9月龄之间。
血液基因组DNA提取试剂盒、DL2000 DNA Marker、琼脂糖凝胶DNA回收试剂盒、Bisulfite Conversion Kit购自上海翊圣生物有限公司。
Micro21低温高速离心机及购自赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司的NanoDrop ND2000超微量分光光度计和ABI-2720 PCR扩增仪;PowerPac基础型核酸电泳仪、凝胶成像仪器为美国BioRad公司产品;恒温培养箱为Thermo Fisher生物科技有限公司产品;LightCycler 96荧光定量仪为Roche Diagnostics公司产品。
采集猪血液冷冻保存,使用血液DNA提取试剂盒提取猪血液DNA,用NanoDrop ND2000微量分光光度计测定DNA浓度。将测好浓度的DNA使用Bisulfite Conversion Kit试剂盒进行甲基化修饰,亚硫酸氢盐转化效率大于99%。并于-20 ℃保存,用于后续试验。
根据前期RRBS测序结果,VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360靶标在猪妊娠组和非妊娠组的甲基化变化显著;DNA甲基化差异区域:VBP1定位于X染色体正链:125485112~125485470;CpG_280定位于9号染色体正链:3339467~3339549;CpG_1360定位于1号染色体正链:2004239~2004375。VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360基因的MSP引物通过MethPrimer网站(https://34.199.9.227/cgi-bin/methprimer/methprimer.cgi)进行设计并由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成,具体引物序列信息见表1。使用Bisulfite Conversion Kit试剂盒对提取的猪血液DNA进行甲基化修饰。DNA甲基化修饰后的样品进行PCR扩增,PCR体系为20 μL: BioGold 2×SuperPCR Master Mix 10 μL,上、下游引物(浓度为10 μmol·L-1)各1 μL,DNA 1.5 μL,ddH2O 6.5 μL;PCR反应程序:95 ℃预变性3 min;95 ℃变性10 s,Tm退火30 s,72 ℃延伸20 s,45个循环;72 ℃延伸3 min;4 ℃保存。扩增后的样品进行2%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳,使用Image J软件分析VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360基因的甲基化水平,使用公式:甲基化指数Methylation index=MM+U×100%[19]分别计算VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360靶标在妊娠组与非妊娠组的甲基化比例,其中,M是指甲基化,U是指未甲基化。
查阅相关文献,根据探针引物设计原则[25],使用Beacon Designer软件设计VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360靶标的引物、探针及猪β-actin内参的引物和探针,具体引物序列见表2。以使用Bisulfite Conversion Kit试剂盒对提取的猪血液DNA进行甲基化修饰后的血液DNA作为模板,使用LightCycler 96系统测定各靶标的甲基化水平。反应体系为20 μL:TaqProbe 2×qPCR-Multiplex Mastermix 10 μL,靶标因子上、下游引物各0.4 μL,探针0.2 μL,猪β-actin上下游引物各0.4 μL,探针0.2 μL,亚硫酸氢盐转化的DNA模板2 μL,ddH2O 6 μL。反应程序为:95℃预变性30 s;95 ℃变性15 s,58 ℃退火30 s,45个循环。使用ΔCt值:ΔCt (靶标基因)=Ct(靶标因子)-Ct(β-actin)[26],反映VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360基因在妊娠与非妊娠组的DNA甲基化水平。
使用GraphPad Prism 9.0软件进行独立样本t检验并绘制图表,P<0.05(*)表示差异显著;P<0.01(**)表示差异极显著;P<0.000 1(***)表明差异具有极高的统计学意义。
MSP结果显示,靶标基因VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360在妊娠组与非妊娠组中均发生了甲基化,通过ImageJ软件来分析计算其在妊娠组与非妊娠组的甲基化比例,并计算各个靶标因子的甲基化比例。VBP1妊娠组甲基化比例为53.8%,非妊娠组为47.5%(图1A-C)。CpG_280妊娠组甲基化比例为40.3%,非妊娠组甲基化比例为36.2%(图2A-C)。综合结果表明VBP1、CpG_280为高甲基化基因。CpG_1360妊娠组综合甲基化比例为47.8%,非妊娠组甲基化比例为60.9%(图3A-C)。综合结果表明CpG_1360为低甲基化基因。PCR扩增的条带均为各目的基因的特异性条带,部分基因出现引物二聚体,这可能与引物设计相关。
VBP1共检测了40头妊娠25天与40头非妊娠猪血液样品,CpG_280共检测了44个妊娠25天与36个非妊娠样品,CpG_1360共检测了40头妊娠25天和40头非妊娠猪样品,上述样品均经B超检查明确妊娠的猪只血液样本。用ΔCt值表示甲基化水平,ΔCt值越低甲基化水平越高[27]。结果显示VBP1在妊娠组中甲基化水平显著高于非妊娠组(P<0.000 1)(图4A),CpG_280在妊娠组中甲基化水平显著高于非妊娠组(P<0.000 1)(图4B),CpG_1360在妊娠组中甲基化水平显著低于非妊娠组(P<0.000 1)(图4C)。
VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360甲基化水平在妊娠诊断中的具体判断为:VBP1 ΔCt≤3.0时判断为妊娠,ΔCt>4.0判断为非妊娠,探针法甲基化检测符合率为85.0%(68/80);CpG_280 ΔCt≤8.0时判断为妊娠,ΔCt>10.3判断为非妊娠,符合率为78.75%(63/80);CpG_1360当ΔCt<1.8判断为非妊娠,ΔCt≥3.2判断为妊娠,符合率为85.0%(68/80),具体见表3。
根据各样本Ct值绘制ROC曲线,AUC是评估诊断效能的核心指标[27]。AUC 值的取值范围为0.5~1.0,AUC越大,表明诊断效能越好。AUC在0.5~0.7之间为诊断价值较低,0.7~0.9之间为中等诊断价值,0.9以上为诊断效能较高[27]。图5结果显示,VBP1,CpG_280和CpG_1360的AUC值分别为0.713 8,0.608 0和0.746 6,均大于0.5,具有诊断学价值,其中CpG_1360诊断效能最优,CpG_280相对较低。
DNA甲基化是一种动态、可逆且可遗传的表观遗传修饰。在哺乳动物原始生殖细胞与早期胚胎发育阶段,这一修饰过程尤为活跃。它能通过高度动态协调的核酶网络,特异性地附着于DNA的CpG区域,进而改变基因组调控区域的功能状态,在不影响DNA序列的前提下精密调控基因表达[28]。此外,DNA甲基化广泛应用于各种疾病的诊断,现主要运用于癌症早期诊断,这凸显了DNA甲基化在疾病诊断中的优势[29]。前期研究数据显示,猪妊娠早期全基因组甲基化发生明显变化,主要在基因启动子区域及CpG岛等区域。因此,本研究对甲基化差异区域相关基因及CpG岛进行验证,成功建立基于高甲基化VBP1、CpG_280和低甲基化CpG_1360的早孕检测技术,为猪妊娠诊断提供新方法。
Von Hippel-Lindau结合蛋白1(Von Hippel-Lindau binding protein 1,VBP1)作为VHL结合蛋白,参与伴侣蛋白CCT介导的VBC复合体形成[30]。VHL通过调控p53、NF-κB和E2F1影响细胞增殖与凋亡[31]。其中,p53参与细胞周期调控[32],而VHL缺失导致的NF-κB活化可促进肿瘤发生[33]。此外,VBP1可能参与VHL介导的泛素化降解途径,通过与MSH4结合促进其蛋白酶体或自噬依赖性降解[34]。值得注意的是,VBP1还可调控Wnt/β- catenin信号通路,影响胚胎发育[35⁃36]。本研究发现,妊娠母猪血液中VBP1呈现高甲基化状态,提示其可能参与妊娠调控,但具体机制仍需进一步研究。
动物基因组中富含CpG岛,其特点为一段长度不小于200 bp、GC含量不小于50%;有研究基于CpG位点相对甲基化顺序成功筛选到黑色素瘤定性预后生物标志[37]。本研究中选择的CpG_280定位于9号染色体正链,CpG_1360定位于1号染色体正链,初步建立基于CpG_280和CpG_1360甲基化区域的荧光探针检测技术。这暗示着猪CpG岛甲基化可能参与猪妊娠生命活动。
在本研究中,MSP结果表明猪妊娠后血液中VBP1、CpG_280靶标的DNA甲基化水平显著增加,而CpG_1360靶标的甲基化水平显著下降。本研究建立了基于VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360甲基化的单靶标核酸探针检测技术,并且首次将ΔCt值定量体系应用于猪早期妊娠诊断,ROC曲线分析结果表明VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360的AUC值分别为0.713 8,0.608 0和0.746 6,均大于0.5,所建立的妊娠诊断模型均具有诊断价值(AUC>0.5)[27]。该检测方法可以做到高通量快速检测,适合集约化猪场早期妊娠诊断。但基于单个靶标甲基化水平检测动物妊娠状态的方法仍存在一定局限性,未来将VBP1和CpG_280构建双重荧光早孕检测技术,将RPL10[24]和CpG_1360构建双重荧光早孕检测技术,可进一步提高猪早孕检测的准确率。所以后续将继续构建多靶标联合的核酸检测技术以提高诊断符合率,提高动物繁殖效率。此外,DNA甲基化是调控哺乳动物卵母细胞与胚胎发育的关键表观遗传机制,其异常会严重损害胚胎存活。探究此过程中的甲基化动态,不仅能深化表观遗传认知,也为优化体外生殖技术、提高繁殖效率及加强疾病防控提供了关键理论依据[38⁃40]。
本研究通过甲基化特异性PCR和荧光探针甲基化特异性PCR方法,证实在母猪妊娠早期,VBP1、CpG_280靶标甲基化水平显著增加,而CpG_1360靶标甲基化水平显著下降,建立了基于VBP1、CpG_280和CpG_1360靶标的甲基化水平荧光探针检测技术,该检测方法在母猪早期妊娠诊断领域具有良好的应用前景。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32360901)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32060133)
  • 兵团指导性科技计划项目(2023ZD042)
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区青年科学基金项目(2022D01B197)
  • 动物生物医药兵团重点实验室开放性课题(FMOF2023002)
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2026年第57卷第3期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.024
  • 接收时间:2025-08-13
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-03-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-13
基金
国家自然科学基金(32360901)
国家自然科学基金(32060133)
兵团指导性科技计划项目(2023ZD042)
新疆维吾尔自治区青年科学基金项目(2022D01B197)
动物生物医药兵团重点实验室开放性课题(FMOF2023002)
作者信息
    石河子大学动物科技学院,石河子 832003

通讯作者:

孙延鸣,主要从事临床兽医学方向研究,E-mail:
张彦兵,主要从事临床兽医学方向研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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