Article(id=1307013733742571605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1755446400000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545957265, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1774195200000, pubDateStr=2026-03-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545957265, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545957265, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545957265, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013423896753139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='3', pageStart='1177', pageEnd='1776', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774195200000', pubDateStr='2026-03-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545883392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609930841, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1373, endPage=1384, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013734048755799, articleId=1307013733742571605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Comparative Study on the Prediction Accuracy of Genomic Selection Integrating Different Biological Priors, columnId=1307007413870158054, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The aim of this study was to develop different methods for screening genetic variants by integrating genomic data, phenotypic information, and functional annotations, and to compare and evaluate the prediction accuracy of 8 genomic selection (GS) methods for complex traits. Genotype-phenotype data from 542 Beijing ducks and 2 548 Duroc pigs were analyzed using three dimensions of variant selection: 1) genomic information, including linkage disequilibrium combined with principal component analysis (LD_PCA), other principal component variants (LD_outPCA), and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis (LD_PCC); 2) phenotypic information, including LD combined with genome-wide association study (LD_GWAS) and EPISNP analysis (LD_EPI); and 3) functional annotation information, using the weight distribution method (WDM). In total, 8 different screening methods were applied to construct genotype matrices, and the prediction accuracies of different GS models were compared. The LD_PCC method, when combined with 6 GS models (GBLUP, BayesA, BayesB, BayesC, Bayes LASSO, and RRGBLUP), achieved the highest mean prediction accuracies for duck fossil length, pig age to 100 kg, backfat thickness, and teat number, improving by approximately 4%-13.9% compared with the initial genotype matrix, with accuracies of 0.709 3, 0.440 0, 0.497 4, and 0.440 1, respectively. The WDM method achieved the highest accuracies for backfat thickness and teat number, with improvements of about 10% compared with unweighted models. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that WDM and LD_PCC can effectively enhance the prediction accuracy of GS, providing valuable insights for further exploration of variant selection methods and their application in breeding practice.

, authors=Taotao TAN, Bingxi GAO, Zhiqiang DU, authorsList=Taotao TAN, Bingxi GAO, Zhiqiang DU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhiqiang DU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
DU Zhiqiang, E-mail:
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旨在开发整合基因组信息、表型信息和功能注释信息筛选遗传位点的不同方法,比较评估8种在复杂性状上的基因组选择(genomic selection,GS)方法的预测准确性。本研究将542只北京鸭和2 548只杜洛克猪基因型-表型数据通过3个维度,基于基因组信息(连锁不平衡结合主成分分析(linkage disequilibrium and principal component analysis,LD_PCA),结合其他主成分位点(LD and other principal component analysis,LD_outPCA),结合皮尔逊相关系数分析(LD and Pearson correlation coefficient,LD_PCC))、表型信息(连锁不平衡结合全基因组关联分析(LD and genome-wide association study,LD_GWAS),结合互作分析(LD and EPISNP,LD_EPI))和功能注释信息(权重分配法(weight distribution method,WDM)),共8种不同筛选方法处理构建基因型矩阵,比较不同方法的基因组育种值估计准确性。结果表明,比较发现LD_PCC结合6种GS方法(GBLUP、BayesA、BayesB、BayesC、Bayes LASSO和RRGBLUP),在鸭龙骨长、猪百千克日龄、猪背膘厚和乳头数表型获得最高平均预测准确性(对比初始基因型矩阵提高约4%~13.9%)分别达到了0.709 3、0.440 0、0.497 4和0.440 1;权重分配法(WDM)在猪背膘厚和乳头数表型对比未加权获得最高预测准确性(高约10%)。综上,本研究发现WDM和LD_PCC可以有效提升GS的预测准确性,为深入研究位点筛选方法影响GS准确性和在育种实践中的应用提供了方向和借鉴。

, authors=谭涛涛, 高炳熙, 杜志强, authorsList=谭涛涛, 高炳熙, 杜志强, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杜志强, authorNote=

谭涛涛,硕士生,主要从事分子数量遗传学和生物信息学的研究,E-mail:

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杜志强,主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:
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DOI:10.1186/s12711-018-0426-6, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307281658437194512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, awardId=2024BBB014, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省技术创新计划项目(2024BBB014), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307281658495914769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽省畜禽联合育种改良项目(2021-2025), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281653458555616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281653466944225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, companyId=1307281653458555616, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281653479527138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, companyId=1307281653458555616, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=长江大学动物科学技术学院,荆州 434025)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307281655199191804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Multiple screening processes

LD. Linkage disequilibrium screening; GWAS. Genome-wide association study; Epi. Effect locus calculation; PCA. Principal component analysis; PCC. Pearson correlation coefficient calculation. A. LD method; B. LD_GWAS method; C. LD_EPI method; D. LD_PCA method; E. LD_outPCA method; F. LD_PCC method

, figureFileSmall=S8BkwbTRRIL8015A0Uab3A==, figureFileBig=j+bbvfpXGgWt9cfKd38EUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281655262106365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=CN, label=图1, caption=多重特征筛选流程

LD.连锁不平衡筛选;GWAS.全基因组关联分析;Epi.效应位点计算;PCA.主成分分析;PCC.皮尔逊相关系数计算。A.LD方法;B.LD_GWAS方法; C.LD_EPI方法;D.LD_PCA方法;E.LD_outPCA方法; F.LD_PCC方法

, figureFileSmall=S8BkwbTRRIL8015A0Uab3A==, figureFileBig=j+bbvfpXGgWt9cfKd38EUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281655345992446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Comparison of prediction accuracy

The abscissa represents different statistical models. AGE.Age to 100 kg; BF. Backfat thickness; TN. Teat number; Breast_width.Duck breast width; Fossil_lenth.Duck fossil lenth. LD_GWAS+data indicates LD-integrated GWAS with a specified GWAS significance threshold

, figureFileSmall=Dsoto97zbML8E1ayBZ+PpA==, figureFileBig=mIZ4ApD4m7FVPJP4QBs1gA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281655421489919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=CN, label=图2, caption=预测准确性对比

横坐标为不同统计模型。AGE.猪百千克日龄;BF.猪背膘厚;TN.猪乳头数;Breast_width.鸭胸宽;Fossil_lenth.龙骨长。LD_GWAS加数据均表示LD结合GWAS方法,数据表示GWAS阈值

, figureFileSmall=Dsoto97zbML8E1ayBZ+PpA==, figureFileBig=mIZ4ApD4m7FVPJP4QBs1gA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281655484404480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Descriptive statistical analyses on traits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

表型

Phenotype

样本Sample平均值Mean

标准差

Standard deviation

最大值

Maxi value

最小值

Min value

遗传力Heritability
鸭胸宽/cm Duck breast width54211.750.4813.1010.300.34
龙骨长/cm Duck fossil lenth54214.600.6419.6012.400.48
百千克日龄/day Age to 100 kg2 548154.669.32203.01124.470.26
背膘厚/mm Backfat thickness2 54810.912.0619.705.480.32
乳头数/个 Teat number2 54810.721.0615.008.000.27
), ArticleFig(id=1307281655564096257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

表型统计结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

表型

Phenotype

样本Sample平均值Mean

标准差

Standard deviation

最大值

Maxi value

最小值

Min value

遗传力Heritability
鸭胸宽/cm Duck breast width54211.750.4813.1010.300.34
龙骨长/cm Duck fossil lenth54214.600.6419.6012.400.48
百千克日龄/day Age to 100 kg2 548154.669.32203.01124.470.26
背膘厚/mm Backfat thickness2 54810.912.0619.705.480.32
乳头数/个 Teat number2 54810.721.0615.008.000.27
), ArticleFig(id=1307281655631205122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Site screening results one

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

数据集

Dataset

初始标记

Origin markers

LDGWAS<0.04GWAS<0.03GWAS<0.02GWAS<0.01
鸭胸宽 Duck breast width2 4752 2092 4502 4112 3602 294
龙骨长 Duck fossil lenth2 2552 0682 2312 2022 1682 131
), ArticleFig(id=1307281655710896899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

位点筛选结果一

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

数据集

Dataset

初始标记

Origin markers

LDGWAS<0.04GWAS<0.03GWAS<0.02GWAS<0.01
鸭胸宽 Duck breast width2 4752 2092 4502 4112 3602 294
龙骨长 Duck fossil lenth2 2552 0682 2312 2022 1682 131
), ArticleFig(id=1307281655778005764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Site screening results two

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

数据集

Dataset

初始标记

Origin markers

LDGWAS<1e-6GWAS<1e-8GWAS<1e-10GWAS<1e-12
百千克日龄 Age to 100 kg332 8707 15878 78933 76522 3347 698
背膘厚 Backfat thickness412 6318 246102 46620 8349 8268 439
乳头数 Teat number478 64612 219173 86869 86228 14217 260
), ArticleFig(id=1307281655861891845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

位点筛选结果二

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

数据集

Dataset

初始标记

Origin markers

LDGWAS<1e-6GWAS<1e-8GWAS<1e-10GWAS<1e-12
百千克日龄 Age to 100 kg332 8707 15878 78933 76522 3347 698
背膘厚 Backfat thickness412 6318 246102 46620 8349 8268 439
乳头数 Teat number478 64612 219173 86869 86228 14217 260
), ArticleFig(id=1307281655962555142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Site screening results three

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据集DatasetLD_PCCLD_outPCALD_PCALD_EPI
鸭胸宽 Duck breast width1 9332 3102912 335
龙骨长 Duck fossil lenth1 8122 1702872 150
百千克日龄 Age to 100 kg1 1117 2561201 595
背膘厚 Backfat thickness1 0568 3421102 972
乳头数 Teat number1 39312 3381284 233
), ArticleFig(id=1307281657636082439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

位点筛选结果三

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据集DatasetLD_PCCLD_outPCALD_PCALD_EPI
鸭胸宽 Duck breast width1 9332 3102912 335
龙骨长 Duck fossil lenth1 8122 1702872 150
百千克日龄 Age to 100 kg1 1117 2561201 595
背膘厚 Backfat thickness1 0568 3421102 972
乳头数 Teat number1 39312 3381284 233
), ArticleFig(id=1307281657740940040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Duroc pig prediction results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
表型 Phenotype方法 Method平均相关性 Mean PCC标准差STD

百千克日龄

Age to 100 kg

origin0.386 10.031 9
LD0.424 00.037 3
LD_GWAS100.429 70.036 2
LD_PCA0.176 00.037 4
LD_outPCA0.378 90.048 9
LD_PCC0.440 00.035 6
LD_EPI0.435 90.034 3

背膘厚

Backfat thickness

origin0.437 90.040 9
LD0.455 10.050 4
LD_GWAS100.461 10.050 5
LD_PCA0.180 80.050 2
LD_outPCA0.396 60.063 4
LD_PCC0.497 40.044 0
LD_EPI0.482 20.046 9

乳头数

Teat number

origin0.413 40.041 7
LD0.419 80.031 2
LD_GWAS120.428 20.029 6
LD_PCA0.167 30.032 0
LD_outPCA0.409 60.040 4
LD_PCC0.440 10.035 0
LD_EPI0.426 50.032 3
), ArticleFig(id=1307281657816437513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

杜洛克猪预测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
表型 Phenotype方法 Method平均相关性 Mean PCC标准差STD

百千克日龄

Age to 100 kg

origin0.386 10.031 9
LD0.424 00.037 3
LD_GWAS100.429 70.036 2
LD_PCA0.176 00.037 4
LD_outPCA0.378 90.048 9
LD_PCC0.440 00.035 6
LD_EPI0.435 90.034 3

背膘厚

Backfat thickness

origin0.437 90.040 9
LD0.455 10.050 4
LD_GWAS100.461 10.050 5
LD_PCA0.180 80.050 2
LD_outPCA0.396 60.063 4
LD_PCC0.497 40.044 0
LD_EPI0.482 20.046 9

乳头数

Teat number

origin0.413 40.041 7
LD0.419 80.031 2
LD_GWAS120.428 20.029 6
LD_PCA0.167 30.032 0
LD_outPCA0.409 60.040 4
LD_PCC0.440 10.035 0
LD_EPI0.426 50.032 3
), ArticleFig(id=1307281657908712202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Peking duck prediction results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
表型 Phenotype方法 Method平均相关性 Mean PCC标准差 STD

鸭胸宽

Duck breast width

origin0.632 60.060 2
LD0.643 70.052 6
LD_GWAS10.648 70.054 5
LD_PCA0.662 10.051 9
LD_outPCA0.632 60.055 4
LD_PCC0.656 90.046 3
LD_EPI0.636 90.049 0

龙骨长

Duck fossil lenth

origin0.680 30.072 7
LD0.695 20.067 6
LDGWAS20.702 60.061 7
LD_PCA0.705 90.071 4
LD_outPCA0.691 40.068 1
LD_PCC0.709 30.065 4
LD_EPI0.686 90.071 6
), ArticleFig(id=1307281657980015371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

北京鸭预测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
表型 Phenotype方法 Method平均相关性 Mean PCC标准差 STD

鸭胸宽

Duck breast width

origin0.632 60.060 2
LD0.643 70.052 6
LD_GWAS10.648 70.054 5
LD_PCA0.662 10.051 9
LD_outPCA0.632 60.055 4
LD_PCC0.656 90.046 3
LD_EPI0.636 90.049 0

龙骨长

Duck fossil lenth

origin0.680 30.072 7
LD0.695 20.067 6
LDGWAS20.702 60.061 7
LD_PCA0.705 90.071 4
LD_outPCA0.691 40.068 1
LD_PCC0.709 30.065 4
LD_EPI0.686 90.071 6
), ArticleFig(id=1307281658072290060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=EN, label=Table7, caption=

Functional annotation and classification of SNPs in Duroc pigs

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区域

Region

计数

Count

百分比/%

Percentage

基因间区Intergenic169 03374.84
内含子Intronic50 61722.40
外显子Exonic2 2310.99
上游Upstream1 5110.67
下游Downstream1 4890.66
3'非翻译区UTR32370.10
5'非翻译区UTR5900.04
非编码 RNA 外显子ncRNA exonic620.03
剪接(作用)Splicing460.02
上游;下游Upstream;downstream280.01
外显子;剪接Exonic;splicing20.001
), ArticleFig(id=1307281658151981837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

杜洛克猪SNPs功能注释和分类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

区域

Region

计数

Count

百分比/%

Percentage

基因间区Intergenic169 03374.84
内含子Intronic50 61722.40
外显子Exonic2 2310.99
上游Upstream1 5110.67
下游Downstream1 4890.66
3'非翻译区UTR32370.10
5'非翻译区UTR5900.04
非编码 RNA 外显子ncRNA exonic620.03
剪接(作用)Splicing460.02
上游;下游Upstream;downstream280.01
外显子;剪接Exonic;splicing20.001
), ArticleFig(id=1307281658231673614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Predictive performance of different models on weighted and default SNP data

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模型

Model

背膘厚加权

Backfat thickness weighted

背膘厚未加权

Backfat thickness default

乳头数加权

Teat number weighted

乳头数未加权Teat number default
GBLUP0.410 8(0.028 2)0.355 7(0.031 0)0.389 7(0.022 8)0.349 0(0.025 1)
BayesA0.383 1(0.024 2)0.358 6(0.026 4)0.344 0(0.023 4)0.322 8(0.030 7)
BayesB0.349 4(0.029 9)0.323 9(0.048 7)0.306 5(0.032 1)0.286 6(0.036 9)
BayesC0.298 2(0.017 3)0.257 2(0.037 1)0.249 3(0.018 9)0.240 5(0.032 7)
BL0.400 3(0.022 7)0.364 8(0.045 1)0.366 3(0.018 1)0.345 7(0.030 5)
BRR0.395 7(0.023 0)0.374 9(0.046 4)0.353 7(0.027 8)0.347 6(0.031 1)
), ArticleFig(id=1307281658302976783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013733742571605, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同模型在加权和默认SNP数据中的预测表现

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模型

Model

背膘厚加权

Backfat thickness weighted

背膘厚未加权

Backfat thickness default

乳头数加权

Teat number weighted

乳头数未加权Teat number default
GBLUP0.410 8(0.028 2)0.355 7(0.031 0)0.389 7(0.022 8)0.349 0(0.025 1)
BayesA0.383 1(0.024 2)0.358 6(0.026 4)0.344 0(0.023 4)0.322 8(0.030 7)
BayesB0.349 4(0.029 9)0.323 9(0.048 7)0.306 5(0.032 1)0.286 6(0.036 9)
BayesC0.298 2(0.017 3)0.257 2(0.037 1)0.249 3(0.018 9)0.240 5(0.032 7)
BL0.400 3(0.022 7)0.364 8(0.045 1)0.366 3(0.018 1)0.345 7(0.030 5)
BRR0.395 7(0.023 0)0.374 9(0.046 4)0.353 7(0.027 8)0.347 6(0.031 1)
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整合不同生物学先验信息的基因组选择预测准确性的比较研究
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谭涛涛 , 高炳熙 , 杜志强
畜牧兽医学报 | 遗传育种 2026,57(3): 1373-1384
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畜牧兽医学报 |遗传育种 2026 , 57 (3) : 1373 -1384
整合不同生物学先验信息的基因组选择预测准确性的比较研究
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谭涛涛 , 高炳熙, 杜志强
作者信息
  • 长江大学动物科学技术学院,荆州 434025
通讯作者:
杜志强,主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

谭涛涛,硕士生,主要从事分子数量遗传学和生物信息学的研究,E-mail:

Comparative Study on the Prediction Accuracy of Genomic Selection Integrating Different Biological Priors
Taotao TAN , Bingxi GAO, Zhiqiang DU
Affiliations
  • College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    DU Zhiqiang, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.018
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旨在开发整合基因组信息、表型信息和功能注释信息筛选遗传位点的不同方法,比较评估8种在复杂性状上的基因组选择(genomic selection,GS)方法的预测准确性。本研究将542只北京鸭和2 548只杜洛克猪基因型-表型数据通过3个维度,基于基因组信息(连锁不平衡结合主成分分析(linkage disequilibrium and principal component analysis,LD_PCA),结合其他主成分位点(LD and other principal component analysis,LD_outPCA),结合皮尔逊相关系数分析(LD and Pearson correlation coefficient,LD_PCC))、表型信息(连锁不平衡结合全基因组关联分析(LD and genome-wide association study,LD_GWAS),结合互作分析(LD and EPISNP,LD_EPI))和功能注释信息(权重分配法(weight distribution method,WDM)),共8种不同筛选方法处理构建基因型矩阵,比较不同方法的基因组育种值估计准确性。结果表明,比较发现LD_PCC结合6种GS方法(GBLUP、BayesA、BayesB、BayesC、Bayes LASSO和RRGBLUP),在鸭龙骨长、猪百千克日龄、猪背膘厚和乳头数表型获得最高平均预测准确性(对比初始基因型矩阵提高约4%~13.9%)分别达到了0.709 3、0.440 0、0.497 4和0.440 1;权重分配法(WDM)在猪背膘厚和乳头数表型对比未加权获得最高预测准确性(高约10%)。综上,本研究发现WDM和LD_PCC可以有效提升GS的预测准确性,为深入研究位点筛选方法影响GS准确性和在育种实践中的应用提供了方向和借鉴。

基因组选择  /  基因组关系矩阵  /  位点筛选  /  功能注释  /  权重分配

The aim of this study was to develop different methods for screening genetic variants by integrating genomic data, phenotypic information, and functional annotations, and to compare and evaluate the prediction accuracy of 8 genomic selection (GS) methods for complex traits. Genotype-phenotype data from 542 Beijing ducks and 2 548 Duroc pigs were analyzed using three dimensions of variant selection: 1) genomic information, including linkage disequilibrium combined with principal component analysis (LD_PCA), other principal component variants (LD_outPCA), and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis (LD_PCC); 2) phenotypic information, including LD combined with genome-wide association study (LD_GWAS) and EPISNP analysis (LD_EPI); and 3) functional annotation information, using the weight distribution method (WDM). In total, 8 different screening methods were applied to construct genotype matrices, and the prediction accuracies of different GS models were compared. The LD_PCC method, when combined with 6 GS models (GBLUP, BayesA, BayesB, BayesC, Bayes LASSO, and RRGBLUP), achieved the highest mean prediction accuracies for duck fossil length, pig age to 100 kg, backfat thickness, and teat number, improving by approximately 4%-13.9% compared with the initial genotype matrix, with accuracies of 0.709 3, 0.440 0, 0.497 4, and 0.440 1, respectively. The WDM method achieved the highest accuracies for backfat thickness and teat number, with improvements of about 10% compared with unweighted models. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that WDM and LD_PCC can effectively enhance the prediction accuracy of GS, providing valuable insights for further exploration of variant selection methods and their application in breeding practice.

genome selection  /  genome relationship matrix  /  site screening  /  functional annotation  /  weight assignment
谭涛涛, 高炳熙, 杜志强. 整合不同生物学先验信息的基因组选择预测准确性的比较研究. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1373 -1384 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.018
Taotao TAN, Bingxi GAO, Zhiqiang DU. Comparative Study on the Prediction Accuracy of Genomic Selection Integrating Different Biological Priors[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1373 -1384 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.018
全基因组选择(genomic selection,GS)是由Meuwissen等[1]提出的一种基于全基因组标记信息估算个体基因组育种值(genomic estimated breeding value,GEBV)的遗传评估方法[2,3]。其核心在于利用高密度单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)基因型和表型性状数据构建线性预测模型,以提高遗传进展和选育效率[4⁃6]。GS预测准确性受训练群体的规模和遗传结构、SNP标记的密度和质量、复杂性状的遗传基础等多种因素影响[7⁃9]。
祁军英等[10]通过GWAS筛选藏羊毛性状相关位点提高预测准确性;贾宏霞等[11]在肉牛的研究进展提到多种方法,不同的 SNP 筛选策略会影响基因组关系矩阵(genomic relationship matrix,GRM)的构建和个体间亲缘关系评估的准确性,从而影响GEBV的估算[12];李棉燕等[13]指出特征筛选(feature selection)对机器学习模型的表现至关重要,但是已有研究中SNP筛选方法单一,包括连锁不平衡(LD)筛选、主成分分析(PCA)筛选等,容易出现如LD滑移导致的标记丢失、PCA可能丢失关键遗传信息等问题[14,15],在构建基因组预测模型时,对所有SNPs采用统一的权重处理方式也会导致信息单一或丢失个别关键SNPs的高影响信号[16]。如何结合多种方法筛选SNP,以提高GS准确性,仍是亟待解决的问题 [17]。因此,本研究提出结合LD、PCC、PCA、GWAS、EPISNP及权重分配优化SNP筛选的方法[18⁃21],结合基因组最佳线性无偏预测(genomic best linear unbiased prediction,GBLUP)等模型在北京鸭和杜洛克猪数据集中进行验证,采用重复5次的五折交叉验证获取准确性。比较多种方法的预测准确性,为在北京鸭龙骨长和胸宽性状以及杜洛克猪的百千克日龄、背膘厚和乳头数性状选育中使用基因组选择提供理论依据。
本研究选择了两批数据集,涵盖5个表型,分别来自北京金鸭有限公司提供的北京鸭数据和广东温氏食品集团(中国广东)提供的一个核心农场的杜洛克猪数据[22,23]。北京鸭数据包含542个样本,涉及胸宽(breast width)和龙骨长(fossil length)两个表型;杜洛克猪数据包含2 548个样本,涉及背膘厚(backfat)、乳头数(teat number)和百千克日龄(age to 100 kg)3个表型。对表型数据的分析结果见表1。
使用Beagle(5.2)软件对缺失的基因型进行填充,使用PLINIK(1.90b6.21)软件[24]对数据进行初步质控。mind和geno参数设定为0.02过滤掉基因型缺失率大于2%的个体和SNP位点,maf参数为0.05过滤掉最小等位基因频率(minor allele frequency,MAF)小于0.05的位点,hwe参数设定为1×10-4过滤掉Hardy-Weinberg平衡试验(P<1×10-4)的SNPs。最终个体样本数完整,北京鸭剩余约3.4万个位点,杜洛克猪剩余约991.8万个位点。
通过使用PLINK工具计算SNP位点之间的R²值来衡量LD[25]。设定LD阈值为0.8,若R²值大于该阈值,认为它们具有较强的连锁,删除其中一个位点以减少冗余,具体过程见图1A。
LD_PCA主要通过机器学习库scikit-learn来实现[26],通过线性变换将LD得到的SNP矩阵映射到一个新的坐标系,运算过程是将SNP矩阵进行归一化得到矩阵归一化矩阵X。
C=XTXn-1
通过上面协方差计算公式计算得到协方差矩阵。其中n表示样本数,通过协方差矩阵可以得到特征值和特征向量,进而得到主成分,如图1D所示。
LD_outPCA是指将连锁不平衡剔除位点PCA处理后的数据与剩余位点结合,保留LD剔除位点的主要信息和变异性,以最大程度地减少重要遗传信息的损失,见图1E。
LD_PCC皮尔逊相关系数(Pearson correlation coefficient,PCC)[27]是一种用于衡量两个变量之间线性关系强度和方向的统计方法。PCC的取值范围为-1~1,其具体含义如下:当PCC等于1时,表示两个变量之间存在完全正相关关系;当PCC等于-1时,表示两个变量之间存在完全负相关关系;当PCC等于0时,表示两个变量之间不存在线性相关性,表明它们彼此独立或不相关:
PCCX,Y=∑i=1nXi-X¯Yi-Y¯∑i=1nXi-X¯2∑i=1nYi-Y¯2
其中,Xi、Yi是第i个元素的观察值,X¯、Y¯分别是X,Y的均值。
选择性连锁不平衡(SLDP)是Zhu等[23]提出的一种SNP位点先验标记方法,对预测准确性有良好的提升,是指将GWAS计算得到的不同显著程度的位点标记为重要位点,将其进行LD连锁不平衡剪枝时保留重要位点,同时减少干扰,从而提高准确性,过程见图1B。
EPISNP是Ma等[28]开发的一款软件,通过广义加性模型计算出不同位点间效应,包括加性、显性、互作等效应。标记EPISNP计算出的前1 000个效应显著的位点,再进行LD剪枝过程,见图1C。
权重分配法是指将猪背膘和乳头数数据质控和LD筛选后,使用ANNOVAR软件对SNP位点进行注释。依据参考基因组数据库的功能注释对SNP进行分类并赋予不同的遗传权重。本研究使用了Sus scrofa11参考基因组数据[29]以确定每个SNP位点在编码区、调控区、内含子区和其他功能区域的位置,并评估SNP对基因功能的潜在影响,SNP位点注释后,基于生物学先验信息,根据每个SNP所处的基因区域分配不同的遗传权重[30⁃32]。
外显子区(exonic)的SNP因直接影响蛋白质的编码和功能,被赋予最高遗传权重1.0。剪接区域(splicing)的SNP变异可能会影响mRNA的剪接过程,从而改变蛋白质的结构和功能,遗传权重为0.9。位于同时作用于外显子和剪接区域(exonic; splicing)的SNP同样被赋予遗传权重1.0。非翻译区(UTR)的SNP在基因表达调控中具有重要作用,其中UTR3和UTR5的遗传权重分别为0.5和0.6。非编码RNA外显子区(ncRNA exonic)的SNP可能影响非编码RNA的功能,遗传权重为0.4。内含子区(intronic)的SNP尽管不直接编码蛋白质,但其变异可能会影响基因的表达调控,因此遗传权重为0.2。上游(upstream)和下游(downstream)区域的SNP变异可能会影响基因的启动和终止过程,遗传权重分别为0.4和0.3;同时位于上游和下游区域的SNP则赋予0.35的遗传权重。基因间区(intergenic)的SNP变异对基因功能的影响较小,遗传权重为0.1,加权后生成新的SNP矩阵。通过这种权重分配法,在基因组选择过程中能够突出重要位点并降低噪音干扰,更精准地评估SNP效应,从而优化基因组选择模型的性能,提高表型预测的准确性。
本研究主要使用的基因组评估方法包括GBLUP[33]、贝叶斯方法(如BayesA、BayesB、BayesC、Bayes LASSO)和RRGBLUP等[34⁃36]。GBLUP是将基因组数据与性状数据进行线性组合,以估计个体的遗传值:
y=Xb+Zu+e
其中,y为猪的百千克日龄(age to 100 kg)、背膘厚(backfat thickness)和乳头数量(teat number)以及北京鸭的胸宽(breast width)和龙骨长(fossil length)等性状向量;固定效应矩阵X仅包含截距项,由于缺乏其他固定效应信息,因此设为全为1的列向量;b为固定效应系数;Z为SNP位点矩阵;u指基因效应的随机效应;e为误差项。基因效应u被视为随机效应,其分布通常假定为多变量正态分布,并假设是所有SNP位点的效应相等,与GBLUP不同,BayesA使用贝叶斯框架,允许不同位点的效应不同,因此具有更大的灵活性。BayesB引入了稀疏性先验,鼓励某些位点的效应为零:
y=Xb+∑i=1NZiαi+e
其中,Zi,αi分别表示每个SNP位点的设计矩阵和每个SNP位点的效应,允许BayesB进行位点选择,即确定哪些位点对性状具有显著影响。与BayesB相似,但BayesC的效应参数αi包括了一个均匀分布,这进一步强调了稀疏性,更强烈地鼓励某些位点的效应为零。Bayesian Lasso则引入了L1正则化项:
Pβ|λ=∏j=1p12λe-|βj|λ
β和βj分别表示特征系数和回归系数,p指的是回归系数的总数,λ是控制稀疏程度的超参数,较小的使βj更倾向于0(更稀疏),较大的λ允许较大的βj。目的是鼓励参数向量β中的某些系数为零,从而实现稀疏性,通过后验分布来估计参数向量β的后验概率,进而确定特征对性状的影响程度,通常使用马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)采样等来实现。RRGBLUP是一种基于再生核希尔伯特空间(RKHS)的方法,结合岭回归(ridge regression)和BLUP(best linear unbiased prediction)进行基因组选择,它适用于捕捉复杂的非线性基因效应。为了确保结果的准确性和可比性,每个评估方法均进行了五折交叉运算,使得估计更加稳定。
为了更直观地呈现各点位筛选方法处理后的剩余位点数,统计了所有方法处理SNP位点后剩余的位点数,统计结果见表2、表3、表4。
本研究选取了皮尔逊相关系数(PCC)以及均方误差(mean squared error,MSE)作为衡量预测精度的手段。MSE是一种常用的统计度量,用于衡量一个估计值或模型预测误差的平均平方值。MSE通常用于评估模型的精度,特别是在回归分析和预测建模中:
MSE=1n∑i=1n(yi-yi^)2
对于每个观测值i,计算真实值yi与预测值yi^之间差的平方,最后计算平均值。MSE的值越小越好,表示模型的预测与实际观测值之间的差异越小,模型越准确。取平均值并计算标准差得到结果见图2。在北京鸭胸宽和龙骨长数据中,不同方法预测的相关性差别不大,其中LD_PCC融合处理的的GBLUP方法相关性均最高,分别达到0.710 0和0.791 6,MSE分别为0.122 5和0.220 6,处于较高水平;猪的百千克日龄性状最好值同样是由LD_PCC的GBLUP方法达到了0.503 7,其他方法的MSE异常所以只保留GBLUP方法数据;在猪背膘和猪乳头数的表型中LD_PCC的GBLUP模型均最好,分别达到了0.566 5和0.506 2的准确率。
为了更直观的比较各方法在5组数据的表现,针对每种7种方法分别对每组数据的5种基因组选择方法取平均值及最大值,得到表5和表6。由表5、表6可知,所有表型LD_PCC方法平均值在所有表型中预测相关性都处在前两位,LD_PCC方法在猪的3个性状上比原始数据有6.4%~13.9%的提升,在鸭子的数据上有4%左右的提升。猪的3个性状中表现最差的多重筛选方法为LD_PCA,3组数据均只有0.167~0.180的相关性,但此方法在鸭子的两个表型中表现良好,均高于原始数据相关性,其可能原因放在讨论部分分析。
基因组学数据通常特别庞大,因此对设备计算性能要求较高。本次研究的运算CPU为Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7-4820 v4 @ 2.00GHz四颗,共计80个线程,1TB运行内存为了对比不同方法进行多重筛选后的计算性能,计算时间与位点数量呈高度的正相关。同时GBLUP虽位点增长速度比其他方法慢,位点较多的情况下,GBLUP比其他方法运算速度更高,PCA相关方法虽然计算时间最快,但是结果不稳定,在猪的3个性状上相关性极差。相比PCA,LD_PCC方法在获得最高预测精度同时所需的计算时间较短,且准确率稳定提高。
判断筛选方法后,我们将猪背膘和猪乳头数两组数据质控筛选后的SNP位点通过ANNOVAR软件进行了注释,其中upstream、downstream默认参数为上、下游各1 kb。注释过程采用Sus scrofa11参考基因组数据库。通过注释,将这些SNPs位点分配到不同的基因区域。具体分布如表7所示。
加权(weighted)和未加权过(default)的背膘厚和乳头数SNP矩阵在6种模型中的平均预测准确性和标准差如表8所示。
由表8可知,加权过的背膘厚SNP矩阵在所有模型中的预测表现均优于未加权背膘厚SNP矩阵。在其中4种模型中,加权过的背膘厚SNP矩阵表现出显著的预测准确性提升。这表明,加权方法能够更有效地捕捉与背膘厚相关的加性效应等,提高预测性能。
加权过的乳头数SNP矩阵在所有模型中的预测表现也优于未加权过的乳头数SNP矩阵。在GBLUP模型中,加权后的乳头数SNP矩阵表现出显著的预测准确性提升,平均PCC从0.349 0提高到0.389 7。然而乳头数预测准确性普遍低于背膘厚,可能是由于乳头数的遗传力较低,使预测难度增加[37]。
如表8所示,展示了两种性状在不同模型中的预测表现。总体来看,加权过的SNP矩阵在背膘厚和乳头数的预测中均表现出较高的预测准确性,表明加权方法在基因组选择中具有广泛的适用性,有助于提高模型的鲁棒性和预测准确性。
本研究中预测准确性方面,LD_PCC方法有优越的表现,背膘厚和猪乳头数上均优于Zhu等[23]使用的SLDP方法,可能源于该方法对不同染色体之间相关性的考虑,能够减轻共线性和降低特征的复杂度[38],但试验中猪百千克日龄在除GBLUP的其他方法上MSE异常,可能是由于该性状受环境及管理因素影响较大,而模型中未能充分纳入这些固定效应信息,导致方差分解不稳定。尤其是贝叶斯类模型对方差先验较为敏感,在样本量有限或固定效应缺失的情况下容易出现收敛不稳,从而使预测误差(MSE)显著增大[39]。
在Ma等[28]的研究中,EPISNP方法能够计算位点之间的加性效应、互作效应和上位效应等,本研究中LD_EPI方法没有显著提升的原因可能是使用的育种模型主要计算加性效应,后续将使用深度学习等模型捕捉非线性效应。
LD_PCA和在大部分性状上的预测准确性都大幅度下降,这与吴华煊和杜志强[27]的研究结果一致,可能是PCA会导致部分重要特征的丢失。LD_outPCA结果下降幅度不大,在鸭子的体宽性状上有上升,可能是通过PCA分析原来移除的位点,能够减少部分重要位点的丢失。
Lopez等[40]使用的加权方法主要是根据GWAS结果进行权重分配,受限于测序数据量,并且不具有普适性,基于生物数据库中SNP位点的功能区域进行位点加权,不受限于表型数据,直接对外显子区和剪接区域SNP赋予较高权重而基因间区的SNP被赋予较低权重,对比未加权方法能显著提高模型的预测准确性[41],可能主要是由于外显子区和剪接区域的变异直接影响蛋白质的结构和功能,进而影响性状,而基因间区的变异对基因功能的影响较小[42,43]。其次加权也能有效地降低噪音影响。低权重的SNP在模型中的影响力减小,使得主要依赖于重要功能区域的预测结果更加可靠[44]。权重分配的合理性在很大程度上决定了模型的表现。
在运行时间方面,可以观察到在相同模型下,运算时间与位点数量正相关。不同模型对比中,随着位点数量增加,GBLUP的计算时间增长较慢。这是因为GBLUP的GRM是一个固定维度的对称矩阵[45,46],位点增多时,每个位点对GRM的贡献逐渐减少,因此其计算复杂度增加较小。而当位点较少时,GBLUP的矩阵求解步骤相对开销较小,但整体数据量小可能导致计算速度较慢。同时,五折交叉验证在多次模型重估过程中会显著增加计算时间,其主要目的在于评估模型在新数据上的预测误差,并不专门针对模型预测的无偏性进行评估,因此在无偏性分析方面存在一定局限。相比之下,Leagarra和Reverter[47]提出的LR(linear regression)方法可通过对部分与全部数据集预测值之间的回归,直接估计预测的无偏性和离散度。该方法计算复杂度较低,在需要评估模型预测无偏性时,LR方法在特定应用场景下具有优势。后续研究将尝试采用LR方法对模型的无偏性进行进一步验证与分析。
本试验以杜洛克猪以及北京鸭多个性状及对应基因型数据为研究对象,通过对比基因组选择预测结果与真实结果的相关性,可知LD_PCC方法在精确度上有很好的提升,而权重分配法在突出重要位点和降低噪音干扰方面效果显著,使得预测结果提升显著。后续研究应进一步优化位点标记和权重分配方式,并探索更多新型算法和基因组先验知识,以提升基因组选择育种的精度。
  • 湖北省技术创新计划项目(2024BBB014)
  • 安徽省畜禽联合育种改良项目(2021-2025)
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2026年第57卷第3期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.018
  • 接收时间:2025-08-18
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-03-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-18
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湖北省技术创新计划项目(2024BBB014)
安徽省畜禽联合育种改良项目(2021-2025)
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    长江大学动物科学技术学院,荆州 434025

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杜志强,主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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