Article(id=1307013684480471819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.035, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1747843200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545945520, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1774195200000, pubDateStr=2026-03-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545945520, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545945520, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545945520, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013423896753139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='3', pageStart='1177', pageEnd='1776', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774195200000', pubDateStr='2026-03-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545883392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609930841, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1595, endPage=1604, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013688251151116, articleId=1307013684480471819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Prokaryotic Expression and Immunogenicity Analysis of the Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ORF132 Protein in Mice, columnId=1307007432299930010, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to prokaryotically express the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) ORF132 protein and evaluate its immunogenicity. The ORF132 gene was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), purified, and emulsified with Freund's adjuvant. Mice were immunized with 100 µg of the protein per dose. The results demonstrated that the ORF132 protein elicited high titers of antigen-specific total IgG and a significantly elevated level of IFN-γ secretion compared to the PBS control group. Furthermore, it induced significant lymphocyte proliferation and a high neutralizing antibody titer. These findings indicate that the ORF132 protein is an immunodominant antigen capable of inducing robust humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, providing a promising candidate for subsequent multi-antigen combination studies and bovine trials.

, authors=Xiaoxiao GU1, Ziwei LIU1, Honghuan LI1, Wenxing WANG1, Zhongchen MA1, 2, 3, Chuangfu CHEN1, 2, 3, authorsList=Xiaoxiao GU, Ziwei LIU, Honghuan LI, Wenxing WANG, Zhongchen MA, Chuangfu CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhongchen MA, Chuangfu CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
MA Zhongchen, E-mail:
CHEN Chuangfu, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307013693477253919, articleId=1307013684480471819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=CN, title=牛结节性皮肤病病毒ORF132蛋白的原核表达及其对小鼠的免疫原性分析, columnId=1307007432459313564, journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, columnName=预防兽医, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究牛结节性皮肤病病毒(lumpy skin disease virus,LSDV)ORF132蛋白原核表达并评估其免疫效果。本研究将LSDV ORF132基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达,纯化。与弗式佐剂乳化耦合,最终接种小鼠蛋白剂量为100 µg·只-1,评估其ELISA定量的抗体滴度,细胞免疫反应及淋巴细胞增殖水平。结果显示,ORF132蛋白免疫组总IgG抗体滴度较高,IFNγ分泌水平极显著高于PBS组。淋巴细胞增殖试验显示,ORF132组能刺激小鼠淋巴细胞显著增殖且中和抗体效价较高。本研究通过小鼠免疫试验证明ORF132可以诱导较好的体液免疫和细胞免疫,是具有免疫原性的优势候选抗原,为后续开展多个抗原的联合免疫和牛体试验提供了素材。

, authors=顾晓晓1, 刘紫威1, 李红欢1, 王文星1, 马忠臣1, 2, 3, 陈创夫1, 2, 3, authorsList=顾晓晓, 刘紫威, 李红欢, 王文星, 马忠臣, 陈创夫, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=马忠臣, 陈创夫, authorNote=

顾晓晓,博士,主要从事动物疫病诊断与防控技术研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
马忠臣,主要从事人畜共患病致病机制与防控研究,E-mail:
陈创夫,主要从事病原分子致病机制和人畜共患病防治研究,E-mail:
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顾晓晓,博士,主要从事动物疫病诊断与防控技术研究,E-mail:

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顾晓晓,博士,主要从事动物疫病诊断与防控技术研究,E-mail:

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2.Collaborative Innovation Center of Sheep Health Breeding and Zoonotic Disease Prevention and Control,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China
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2.绵羊健康养殖与人兽共患病防控协同创新中心,石河子 832003
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A. Double enzyme digestion validation of ORF132 expression vector (BamH Ⅰ, Xho Ⅰ), (M. DNA marker; 1. Original plasmid; 2. Plasmid double enzyme digestion); B. SDS-PAGE (M. Protein marker; 1. Did not induce pCold II; 2. Did not induce pCold II-ORF132; 3. Induced pCold II-ORF132; 4. Induced ultrasound treated cell supernatant; 5. Induced ultrasound treated cell pellet; 6. Purified protein; C. Western blot detection of recombinant proteins; D. Western blot detection of mouse serum reactivity

, figureFileSmall=Vxa1qDsStHQ8BsdZkwrFdg==, figureFileBig=VmgjUWVE4gMCVBH8TS7WRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281736484802880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013684480471819, language=CN, label=图3, caption=ORF132表达载体的验证及SDS-PAGE、Western blot验证

A. ORF132表达载体的双酶切验证(BamH Ⅰ、Xho Ⅰ)(M. DNA相对分子质量标准;1.原质粒;2.质粒双酶切);B. SDS-PAGE(M. 蛋白质相对分子质量标准;1.未诱导pCold II; 2.未诱导的pCold II-ORF132;3.诱导的pCold II-ORF132;4.诱导后超声处理的细胞上清液;5.诱导后超声处理的细胞沉淀;6.纯化蛋白);C. Western blot检测重组蛋白; D. Western blot检测小鼠血清反应原性

, figureFileSmall=Vxa1qDsStHQ8BsdZkwrFdg==, figureFileBig=VmgjUWVE4gMCVBH8TS7WRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281736543523137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013684480471819, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Changes in serum IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibody levels in mice

A. Trend of IgG antibody changes in mice sera; B. Trend of IgG1 antibody changes in mouse sera; C. Trend of IgG2a antibody changes in mice sera; D. Trend of IgG2a/G1 antibody changes in serum of D mice. ns. P>0.05; *. P<0.05; **.P<0.01; ***. P<0.001; ****. P<0.000 1, the same as below

, figureFileSmall=8r4bt/BjhK4xx7AksMf5wQ==, figureFileBig=Ch7RlhvV98JwRQt3q3YAJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281736610632002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013684480471819, language=CN, label=图4, caption=小鼠血清IgG、IgG1和 IgG2a抗体水平的变化

A.小鼠血清IgG抗体变化趋势;B.小鼠血清IgG1抗体变化趋势;C.小鼠血清IgG2a抗体变化趋势;D.小鼠血清IgG2a/G1抗体变化趋势。ns. P>0.05;*. P<0.05;**. P<0.01;***. P<0.001;****. P<0.000 1,下图同

, figureFileSmall=8r4bt/BjhK4xx7AksMf5wQ==, figureFileBig=Ch7RlhvV98JwRQt3q3YAJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281736677740867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013684480471819, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=IFN-γ secretion levels in mouse splenocytes measured by ELISpot assay

A. The number of spots secreting IFN-γ 28 days after immunization; B. The number of spots secreting IFN-γ 42 days after immunization

, figureFileSmall=vm4GrjQXk72MsGmegvwxQA==, figureFileBig=5GoN6BeylgQnr3O4DM6/NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281736744849732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013684480471819, language=CN, label=图5, caption=ELISpot检测小鼠脾细胞IFN-γ分泌水平

A. 免疫后28 d分泌IFN-γ的斑点数;B. 免疫后42 d分泌IFN-γ的斑点数

, figureFileSmall=vm4GrjQXk72MsGmegvwxQA==, figureFileBig=5GoN6BeylgQnr3O4DM6/NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281736811958597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013684480471819, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=CCK-8 assay assessing proliferation of murine splenic lymphocytes

A. Spleen cell viability at 28 days; B. Spleen cell viability at 42 days

, figureFileSmall=GNw/aim5DvA8mdBeofrGGw==, figureFileBig=xy9Otv338Bvnac6lg/t5CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281736879067462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013684480471819, language=CN, label=图6, caption=CCK8检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖水平

A.免疫后28 d时脾细胞活率;B.免疫后42 d时脾细胞活率

, figureFileSmall=GNw/aim5DvA8mdBeofrGGw==, figureFileBig=xy9Otv338Bvnac6lg/t5CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281738548400455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013684480471819, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Transcription levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in splenic lymphocytes of mice, figureFileSmall=yEo+ak7i7u2DBbboQq0H8Q==, figureFileBig=4Jn1nS/uS87dZw/oaXdUNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281738628092232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013684480471819, language=CN, label=图7, caption=小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞IL-4、IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α的mRNA转录水平

A. IL-4; B. IL-6; C. IL-10; D. TNF-α

, figureFileSmall=yEo+ak7i7u2DBbboQq0H8Q==, figureFileBig=4Jn1nS/uS87dZw/oaXdUNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281738703589705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013684480471819, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Detection of antibody, figureFileSmall=FTjP2n7r1NfC5PONeoOKDQ==, figureFileBig=iual4nryozMDdjlT2JgJjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281738795864394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013684480471819, language=CN, label=图8, caption=抗体效价检测, figureFileSmall=FTjP2n7r1NfC5PONeoOKDQ==, figureFileBig=iual4nryozMDdjlT2JgJjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281738959442251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013684480471819, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

qRT PCR Primer Sequence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

引物名称

Primer name

序列(5'→3')

Sequence (5→3')

引物退火温度/℃

Primer annealing temperature

IL-4-FATGAATGAGTCCAAGTCCACATCAC59.3
IL-4-RGAGACCCTACGAGTAATCCATTTGC58.1
IL-6-FACAGAAGGAGTGGCTAAGGA58.2
IL-6-RCGCACTAGGTTTGCCGAGTA57.7
IL-10-FGGACAACATACTGCTAACCGACTC58.0
IL-10-RATTTCCGATAAGGCTTGGCAACC58.0

TNF-α-F

TNF-α-R

TTCTGTCTACTGAACTTCGGGGTGATCGGTCC

GTATGAGATAGCAAATCGGCTGACGGTGTGGG

57.3

59.6

GAPDH-FAGGTCGGTGTGAACGGATTTG58.5
GAPDH-RTGTAGACCATGTAGTTGAGGTCA58.7
), ArticleFig(id=1307281739026551116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013684480471819, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

qRT-PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

引物名称

Primer name

序列(5'→3')

Sequence (5→3')

引物退火温度/℃

Primer annealing temperature

IL-4-FATGAATGAGTCCAAGTCCACATCAC59.3
IL-4-RGAGACCCTACGAGTAATCCATTTGC58.1
IL-6-FACAGAAGGAGTGGCTAAGGA58.2
IL-6-RCGCACTAGGTTTGCCGAGTA57.7
IL-10-FGGACAACATACTGCTAACCGACTC58.0
IL-10-RATTTCCGATAAGGCTTGGCAACC58.0

TNF-α-F

TNF-α-R

TTCTGTCTACTGAACTTCGGGGTGATCGGTCC

GTATGAGATAGCAAATCGGCTGACGGTGTGGG

57.3

59.6

GAPDH-FAGGTCGGTGTGAACGGATTTG58.5
GAPDH-RTGTAGACCATGTAGTTGAGGTCA58.7
), ArticleFig(id=1307281739081077069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013684480471819, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Antigenicity, allergenicity, and physicochemical evaluation of ORF132 protein primary sequence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

病毒蛋白

Viral protein

氨基酸数量

Number of amino acids

相对分子质量/ku

Molecular weight

理论pI

Theoretiacl pI

不稳定指数

Instability index

脂溶指数

Aliphatic index

亲水性平均值

GRAVY

抗原性

Antigenicity

致敏性

Allergenicity

溶解度

Solubility

ORF13216117.697.0518.5194.35-0.2100.3083PROBABLE ALLERGEN0.539
), ArticleFig(id=1307281739169157454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013684480471819, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

ORF132蛋白一级序列的抗原性、过敏性和理化评估

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

病毒蛋白

Viral protein

氨基酸数量

Number of amino acids

相对分子质量/ku

Molecular weight

理论pI

Theoretiacl pI

不稳定指数

Instability index

脂溶指数

Aliphatic index

亲水性平均值

GRAVY

抗原性

Antigenicity

致敏性

Allergenicity

溶解度

Solubility

ORF13216117.697.0518.5194.35-0.2100.3083PROBABLE ALLERGEN0.539
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牛结节性皮肤病病毒ORF132蛋白的原核表达及其对小鼠的免疫原性分析
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顾晓晓 1 , 刘紫威 1 , 李红欢 1 , 王文星 1 , 马忠臣 1, 2, 3 , 陈创夫 1, 2, 3
畜牧兽医学报 | 预防兽医 2026,57(3): 1595-1604
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畜牧兽医学报 |预防兽医 2026 , 57 (3) : 1595 -1604
牛结节性皮肤病病毒ORF132蛋白的原核表达及其对小鼠的免疫原性分析
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顾晓晓1 , 刘紫威1, 李红欢1, 王文星1, 马忠臣1, 2, 3 , 陈创夫1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.石河子大学动物科技学院,石河子 832003
  • 2.绵羊健康养殖与人兽共患病防控协同创新中心,石河子 832003
  • 3.石河子大学动物健康养殖国际联合研究中心,石河子 832003
通讯作者:
马忠臣,主要从事人畜共患病致病机制与防控研究,E-mail:
陈创夫,主要从事病原分子致病机制和人畜共患病防治研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

顾晓晓,博士,主要从事动物疫病诊断与防控技术研究,E-mail:

Prokaryotic Expression and Immunogenicity Analysis of the Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ORF132 Protein in Mice
Xiaoxiao GU1 , Ziwei LIU1, Honghuan LI1, Wenxing WANG1, Zhongchen MA1, 2, 3 , Chuangfu CHEN1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China
  • 2.Collaborative Innovation Center of Sheep Health Breeding and Zoonotic Disease Prevention and Control,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China
  • 3.Internation Joint Research Center for Animal Health,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    MA Zhongchen, E-mail:
    CHEN Chuangfu, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.035
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为研究牛结节性皮肤病病毒(lumpy skin disease virus,LSDV)ORF132蛋白原核表达并评估其免疫效果。本研究将LSDV ORF132基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达,纯化。与弗式佐剂乳化耦合,最终接种小鼠蛋白剂量为100 µg·只-1,评估其ELISA定量的抗体滴度,细胞免疫反应及淋巴细胞增殖水平。结果显示,ORF132蛋白免疫组总IgG抗体滴度较高,IFNγ分泌水平极显著高于PBS组。淋巴细胞增殖试验显示,ORF132组能刺激小鼠淋巴细胞显著增殖且中和抗体效价较高。本研究通过小鼠免疫试验证明ORF132可以诱导较好的体液免疫和细胞免疫,是具有免疫原性的优势候选抗原,为后续开展多个抗原的联合免疫和牛体试验提供了素材。

结节性皮肤病病毒  /  原核表达  /  ORF132  /  免疫效果评价

This study aimed to prokaryotically express the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) ORF132 protein and evaluate its immunogenicity. The ORF132 gene was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), purified, and emulsified with Freund's adjuvant. Mice were immunized with 100 µg of the protein per dose. The results demonstrated that the ORF132 protein elicited high titers of antigen-specific total IgG and a significantly elevated level of IFN-γ secretion compared to the PBS control group. Furthermore, it induced significant lymphocyte proliferation and a high neutralizing antibody titer. These findings indicate that the ORF132 protein is an immunodominant antigen capable of inducing robust humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, providing a promising candidate for subsequent multi-antigen combination studies and bovine trials.

lumpy skin disease virus  /  prokaryotic expression  /  ORF132  /  evaluation of the immune effect
顾晓晓, 刘紫威, 李红欢, 王文星, 马忠臣, 陈创夫. 牛结节性皮肤病病毒ORF132蛋白的原核表达及其对小鼠的免疫原性分析. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1595 -1604 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.035
Xiaoxiao GU, Ziwei LIU, Honghuan LI, Wenxing WANG, Zhongchen MA, Chuangfu CHEN. Prokaryotic Expression and Immunogenicity Analysis of the Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ORF132 Protein in Mice[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1595 -1604 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.035
牛结节性皮肤病(lumpy skin disease,LSD)是由牛结节性皮肤病病毒(lumpy skin disease virus,LSDV)引起的一种牛急性、亚急性、慢性的高度接触性传染病。该病可以引起感染的怀孕母牛流产甚至不孕、公牛暂时性失去孕育功能,产奶母牛产奶量下降,感染牛机体消瘦,因皮肤上布满结节而导致皮革利用率低。LSDV感染任何年龄阶段的牛,其中犊牛死亡率可达100%,成年牛的死亡率在3%~10%。该病的主要传播方式是通过吸血节肢昆虫为媒介,这些昆虫会随季节气候变化而进行大量繁殖和迁徙。因国际贸易往来逐年增加,货物运输工具的便利,也会导致该病的传播,增加了该病在全球传播的概率。
该病感染性强,传播广,无治疗药物,目前在我国没有同源疫苗,主要依靠异源弱毒疫苗对牛进行紧急免疫。异源弱毒疫苗来源于山羊痘病毒(goatpox virus,GTPV),因其具有良好的免疫原性,在我国已经被广泛用于绵羊痘和山羊痘的预防。然而由于GTPV的宿主特异性存在潜在感染绵羊、山羊的可能,同时弱毒疫苗的使用在注射部位易造成结节等不良反应。因此,研发更为安全有效的新型疫苗就显得尤为关键。
LSDV是一种包膜病毒,属于痘病毒科羊痘病毒属,是一种双链DNA病毒。LSDV的基因组大小为151 kb,由156个推定基因组成,其中146个基因是保守的,编码参与转录、mRNA生物合成、病毒颗粒结构和组装的蛋白质[1]。ORF132是主要结构基因[2⁃3],具有结构性或参与病毒粒子形态发生和组装的痘病毒蛋白同源物,通过调节免疫系统的反应和核苷酸生物合成在LSDV的发病机制中起着重要作用[4]。了解LSDV ORF132的功能和免疫原性可以为有效疫苗的创建提供信息。在此基础上,本研究利用大肠杆菌表达系统制备ORF132蛋白,并与弗式佐剂耦合,进行免疫原性评价,旨在筛选免疫优势抗原,为后续开发安全有效的LSDV候选疫苗奠定基础。
6周龄的雌性BALB/c小鼠购自新疆乌鲁木齐市子琦生物公司;DH5α、BL21(DE3)由本实验室保存。经动物伦理委员会批准(批准号:A2025-013)。
BCA试剂盒购自赛默飞世尔科技公司;HRP-山羊抗小鼠IgG、HRP-山羊抗小鼠IgG1、HRP-山羊抗小鼠IgG2a购自武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司;CCK-8细胞增殖试剂盒购自全式金生物技术有限公司;小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞分离试剂盒购自天津灏洋生物公司;小鼠IFN-γ ELISpot试剂盒(ALP)购自Mabtech;弗式佐剂购自Sigma公司;ELISA包被液、ELISA显色液、ELISA终止液、10×TBST购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司。
Expasy Protparam服务器(https://web.expasy.org/protparam/)用于预测蛋白的物理化学性质[5]。蛋白质溶胶服务器(https://protein-sol.manchester.ac.uk/)用于预测所设计的蛋白的溶解度[6]。ANTIGENpro服务器(https://scratch.proteomics.ics.uci.edu/)[7]和IEDB免疫原性服务器(http://tools.iedb.org/immunogenicity/)[8]被用来预测所构建疫苗的抗原性和免疫原性。随后使用AllerScreener预测疫苗的致敏性和毒性(https://www.ddg-pharmfac.net/AllerScreener/screen/)以及ToxinPred服务器(https://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/toxinpred/)[9]。
将蛋白多肽的序列提交给适当的工具,并获得了其3D结构的精细模型AlphaFold2(https://cryonet.ai/af2/)。为了验证三级结构,SWISS-MODEL工作区执行了拉氏图。此外,ProSA-web 还用于最终的疫苗蛋白质结构验证。
参照我国在新疆首次发现毒株XJ201901(OM984485.1),密码子优化后,ORF132基因由天津擎科生物技术有限公司合成,克隆到pCold-Ⅱ载体中。提取质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),挑取阳性克隆送至新疆有康生物技术有限公司测序。挑取单克隆菌落,IPTG 16 ℃诱导20 h,离心收集菌体,将其重新悬浮于15 mL PBS缓冲液中,然后在冰浴中超声破碎45 min,10 000 g 离心10 min以收集沉淀物。按照所述方法进行镍柱纯化[10]。通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)鉴定纯化,并使用BCA蛋白测定试剂盒测量562 nm处的吸收值,以BSA为标准蛋白,检测蛋白质浓度。
对重组蛋白进行SDS-PAGE,将重组蛋白转移至硝酸纤维素膜,5%脱脂奶粉封闭过夜,TBST洗涤5次,加入1∶5 000稀释的抗His抗体,室温孵育2 h,TBST洗涤5次,加入1∶20 000稀释的HRP-山羊抗小鼠IgG,室温孵育1 h,TBST洗涤5次后即可加入高敏ECL显色液,避光放入双色激光成像分体系统中显色发光,拍照保存。
6周龄的雌性BALB/c小鼠(无特定病原体)被随机分配到不同的组。每只小鼠接种100 μg蛋白,将磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中的蛋白与完全弗氏佐剂(Sigma)按1∶1耦合,用于第一次疫苗接种;与不完全弗氏佐剂(Sigma)耦合,用于第二次(第14天)疫苗接种。分两组,ORF132试验组和PBS对照组各10只小鼠。对照组注射等体积的PBS,在每次免疫接种之前,对小鼠进行尾部采血以获取血清。
检测免疫小鼠血清中的蛋白特异性抗体(IgG、IgG1和IgG2a)。ELISA板在4 ℃下用100 μL·孔-1重组蛋白包被过夜,用含有0.05%吐温20的PBS(PBST)洗涤三次,用5%脱脂奶粉封闭2 h。去除封闭液后,将稀释的血清样品加入板孔中,37 ℃孵育2 h。然后加入HRP-山羊抗小鼠IgG,37 ℃孵育1 h。加入TMB显色液,20~30 min后用H2SO4停止反应。在微孔板读数器中读取450 nm处光密度(OD)。
免疫接种后的28 d和42 d,使用小鼠淋巴细胞分离试剂盒分离小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞,小鼠酶联免疫斑点(ELISpot)试剂盒检测IFN-γ,RPMI-1640培养基孵育30 min,2×106个细胞·孔-1铺板,蛋白刺激,淋巴细胞作为阴性对照,100 μg·mL-1刀豆蛋白A刺激脾细胞作为细胞活力对照,37 ℃培养36 h。用ELISpot阅读器计数斑点形成细胞(SFCs)。
免疫接种后的28 d和42 d,进行淋巴细胞增殖试验。每组3只小鼠的脾淋巴细胞接种到96孔(每孔2×105个细胞)中,加入相应的蛋白(100 μg·mL-1),37 ℃培养36 h。RPMI-1640的无细胞培养孔作为背景组,及淋巴细胞作为阴性对照,刀豆球蛋白A(ConA,100 μg·mL-1)作为阳性对照。将MTS加入每孔,在37 ℃孵育4 h。读取450 nm处的吸光度值。刺激指数测定如下:(蛋白刺激组OD值-背景组OD值)/(阴性对照组OD值-背景组OD值)。
采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测脾脏淋巴细胞中,Th2型细胞因子(IL-4)、促炎细胞因子(IL-6)、抑制性细胞因子(IL-10)和先天性细胞因子(TNF-α)的mRNA转录水平。用于定量实时PCR的引物见表1,扩增条件:95 ℃ 30 s,95 ℃ 5 s和60 ℃ 30 s,40个循环。相对mRNA表达水平通过2-ΔΔCt 法计算[2]。
将MDBK细胞约含1×104.0个细胞·孔-1左右铺于96孔板内,待检血清56 ℃灭活 30 min,用DMEM将血清进行2倍倍比系列稀释,每份血清至少4个平行重复,将已经测定好病毒毒价的牛结节皮肤病病毒稀释成200TCID50,设置阴阳性对照,37 ℃温箱孵育1 h,连续观察7 d,判定待检血清的病变情况,根据Reed-Muench法计算中和抗体效价。
使用GraphPad Prism 9.5.0中进行t检验分析。所有试验重复3次。值表示为平均值±标准差(s)。P<0.05具有显著性,被认为有统计学意义,图中用星号表示的相应标记,其中*. P<0.05;**. P<0.01,***. P<0.001,****. P<0.000 1,ns.无显著性。
使用几种工具进行分析,以阐明LSDV ORF132蛋白的抗原性、过敏性和理化评估。结果显示VaxiJen 2.0和ANTIGENpro预测的抗原性为0.308 3,Allergen FP v.1.0和AllerTop v.2.0显示候选蛋白无过敏性(表2)。根据Protein Sol服务器的结果,候选蛋白的溶解度值为0.539,表明溶解度适中。因此,以上数据表明,这些 LSDV 候选疫苗可能是有希望的针对牛结节性皮肤病病毒感染的疫苗。基于该序列,使用Robetta服务器对蛋白的三级结构进行建模。SWISS-MODEL工作空间绘制的Ramachandran图显示,初始模型有95.06%的Ramachantran有利区域,0.22%的Ramachandron异常区域和0.23%的Rotamer异常区域。
双酶切验证表明重组表达载体构建成功,得到符合大小的目的条带(图3A),用IPTG诱导大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)和重组质粒pCold Ⅱ-ORF132表达重组蛋白20 h。通过SDS-PAGE检测ORF132的表达水平。在IPTG诱导的细胞中显示出相对分子质量约为17.69 ku的独特条带(图3B,泳道6),图中显示的等于预测的蛋白(17.69 ku)和他的标签蛋白(约0.8 ku)的总相对分子质量。此外,重组蛋白主要存在于诱导细胞的包涵体中(图3B,泳道5),ORF132正确表达且有很好的反应原性(图3C、D),可用于免疫。
为了确定用重组蛋白免疫的小鼠是否能诱导针对重组抗原的特异性免疫反应,用分离自小鼠的血清进行间接ELISA。检测总IgG和IgG1、IgG2a亚型抗体水平,以分析0、7、14、21、28、35和42 dpi时的免疫反应。首次免疫后,免疫组抗体水平保持较低水平,但与对照组显著差异(P<0.05)。加强免疫后,免疫组的抗体水平与初疫后的抗体水平相比极显著升高(P<0.000 1);这表明,随着免疫周期中时间的推移,免疫组的抗体水平不断升高。总IgG抗体水平ORF132在14 d迅速上升,随后保持稳定至49 d无下降趋势,试验组极显著高于PBS对照组(P<0.000 1)(图4)。同时IgG1的表达水平在21 d迅速升高,极显著高于PBS对照组(P<0.000 1)。IgG2a的表达水平也随着免疫时间的推移而逐步升高。
接着,使用抗体分型测定法测量特异性IgG2a/IgG1比值,以评估免疫应答中的Th 1/Th 2趋势。IgG2a/IgG1值大于1时,说明免疫反应偏向Th1型免疫应答,而小于1时说明偏向Th2型免疫应答。Th1反应的特征是细胞免疫和IgG2a抗体的产生。Th2反应的特征是体液免疫,特别是IgG1的产生[11]。在第一次免疫后IgG2a/IgG1比值大于1,42 d时接近1,Th1/Th2免疫应答相对平衡(图4)。
在免疫28 d和42 d对小鼠脾脏进行取样。分离、收集脾脏中的淋巴细胞,并用重组蛋白的混合物刺激,以评估细胞免疫反应。如图5所示,28 d时ORF132组分泌IFN-γ的脾细胞频率极显著高于PBS组(P<0.000 1)。同时,在免疫42 d时,免疫组脾淋巴细胞IFN-γ的分泌比28 d时有上升的趋势,且极显著高于PBS组(P<0.001)。以上结果表明,ORF132免疫可以诱导小鼠基于T细胞的细胞免疫反应增强。
为了评估免疫小鼠脾脏中T淋巴细胞的增殖情况,我们用28 d和42 d时分离的脾脏淋巴细胞,检测其增殖反应。在相应蛋白的刺激下,免疫28 d时,增殖水平显著高于PBS对照组。免疫组显著高于PBS对照组,差异显著(P<0.05)。同时在免疫42 d时,增殖水平显著高于PBS对照组(P<0.05)。说明本试验脾脏淋巴细胞的活性良好,增殖速度加快,总体免疫细胞增殖快。
通过qPCR检测脾脏淋巴细胞中免疫相关基因IL-4、IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α的mRNA转录水平。IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α细胞因子的相对转录水平两次免疫后初期上调,之后在42 d免疫组有所下降(图7)。具体而言,ORF132组转录水平相对于对照组最高达4倍(P<0.000 1)。而免疫组中抑炎因子IL-10转录水平42 d时显著升高(P<0.000 1)。总体看来,ORF132免疫促进了炎症因子的转录。
使用免疫28 d和42 d的血清进行中和试验测定LSDV中和抗体效价,结果显示,在免疫后28 d和42 d,与PBS组相比,ORF132免疫组的中和抗体效价极显著差异(P<0.001或P<0.000 1),PBS对照组无LSDV特异性抗体产生,42 d中和抗体水平相较于28 d显著升高(P<0.01),结果见图8。
结节性皮肤病是一种病毒性跨界动物疾病,是世界动物卫生组织(WOAH,https://www.woah.int/en/disease/lumpy-skin-disease/)规定的牛法定报告疾病之一,会造成严重的社会经济影响。2013年,LSD传播到欧洲,随后在11个欧洲国家传播,包括土耳其、希腊和俄罗斯[12⁃14]。从2019年开始,中亚及其邻近地区,如印度、孟加拉国、尼泊尔和中国,都报告了LSD的暴发[14]。2019年,中国首次在新疆西北部发现LSD,此后不久,多个省份报告了LSD疫情[15]。为了防止LSDV的进一步传播,必须大力进行疾病预防和控制,我国在受影响地区实施大规模的GPTV疫苗(AV41株)接种活动[16]。然而,各省的疫苗接种过程各不相同,没有有效的措施来控制吸血昆虫媒介,户外饲养、未接种疫苗或免疫功能低下的牛感染LSDV的风险。
使用重组蛋白免疫是一种可行的方法。在细菌细胞中生产重组蛋白大大简化了这一过程,使所有阶段标准化并降低生产成本成为可能。LSDV蛋白的结构分析[1]揭示了高度免疫原性的蛋白,基于pCold-Ⅱ载体用于开发具有较高安全性和免疫应答的蛋白。然而,迄今为止,LSDV蛋白对抗体产生的影响鲜有报道。
ORF132是LSDV特异性基因,周雪梅[16]和高源[17]等的生物信息学分析及其原核、杆状病毒表达结果证明其是一种很好的候选抗原。本研究中,ORF132在小鼠免疫试验中具有较好的免疫原性。ELISA试验结果表明ORF132蛋白在加强免疫后可以激起较高水平的IgG抗体免疫反应,IgG在体液免疫中起关键作用。Th1和Th2免疫反应是评价疫苗的重要指标,Th1细胞可促进宿主防御细胞内病原体所需的免疫反应,Th2细胞则促使免疫细胞产生抗体,对宿主防御细胞外病原体至关重要[6]。ORF132蛋白引起的免疫反应偏向Th1型,目前在LSDV的报道中尚未提及Th1和Th2免疫反应的贡献,而有文献指出Th1免疫反应对于疫苗诱导针对RSV的保护性免疫反应至关重要[18]。为了评估重组蛋白介导的先天性和适应性(细胞)免疫反应,使用ELISpot测定小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞量化了重组蛋白介导的IFN γ分泌,IFN γ主要由T、NK、NKT、抗原呈递细胞(MΦs和DC)和B细胞分泌。此外,抗原呈递和NK细胞分泌的IFN γ与早期宿主防御密切相关[19]。Oh等[20]报道,在加强免疫后表现出高IgG抗体滴度水平的接种疫苗的小鼠中,IFN γ的分泌可以被重新刺激,这表明蛋白诱导的保护与IgG抗体和IFNγ之间存在直接相关性。因此,重组蛋白有可能通过增强先天免疫反应和适应性(细胞和体液)免疫反应来引发较强的宿主防御。
细胞因子对适应性免疫和固有免疫具有重要调控作用,其动态变化与表达水平可作为机体免疫功能的评价指标。羊痘病毒感染时的巨噬细胞释放促炎性趋化因子和细胞因子[21]。Th1细胞的分化涉及IL-12和IFN-γ,而Th2细胞可以在IL-4主导的微环境中诱导。Th1细胞可以进一步分泌“经典”Th1细胞因子TNF、IFN-γ和IL-2,Th2细胞通常产生IL-4、IL-5和IL-13[22]。TNF-α是调节病毒感染早期防御的重要细胞因子。TNF-α与炎症的发生密切相关,并在疾病适应性免疫应答的协调和激活中发挥关键作用。由单核吞噬细胞等免疫细胞分泌的TNF-α等,是抵御外部病原攻击引发炎症反应的第一介质,其主要生理作用是诱导分化各种免疫细胞及产生各种趋化因子,并移至感染部分发挥免疫作用[23]。因此,TNF-α转录水平的显著上调对于机体作出免疫效应具有重要作用。Zeng等[24]已报道GTPV感染可增加炎症细胞因子,如TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-18。在本研究中,受刺激的脾细胞分泌细胞因子的结果表明,在相同的抗原剂量及佐剂下,我们发现免疫后动物的IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α水平都显著升高,这也与之前的研究一致[25],随后下降趋于稳定。综上所述,表明疫苗可能同时诱导了有效的细胞免疫与体液免疫。
本研究针对LSDV设计了132蛋白原核表达,并对其可行性进行了验证,为今后的疫苗开发提供了新的思路。拥有着工艺已经成熟的疫苗开发平台,在生产质控上也相对成熟,同时也有着成本相对较低的优点。与传统灭活疫苗相比更高效,且比mRNA疫苗更安全,是较为理想的疫苗产品。本研究的一个明确局限在于其结论主要基于小鼠模型,而未在靶动物(牛)上进行直接验证。尽管我们精心设计了试验以模拟免疫应答,但牛作为反刍动物,其免疫系统的复杂性以及对疫苗佐剂的应答模式可能与小鼠存在本质差异。因此,本研究中观察到的免疫反应,在牛体内可能表现为不同的效果或强度。此外,我们无法在小鼠模型中评估该佐剂配方对LSDV攻击的实际保护率,这是评估其应用潜力的最终标准。
因此,一个清晰且必要的未来研究路径已经呈现:首先,需要在牛身上进行靶动物试验,以确认能否诱导出同样强劲且具有保护性的免疫反应。同时,应利用牛源细胞和特异性试剂,进一步探究在牛免疫系统中的具体作用靶点。我们相信,通过这种从基础到临床应用的递进式研究策略,将最终实现本研究成果向有效防控工具的转化。
成功制备的LSDV ORF132蛋白不仅具有良好的安全性,而且在小鼠上具有较好的免疫原性,为LSD疫苗的研发奠定了理论基础,对LSD的防控提供候选材料。本研究的小鼠试验结果仅为该蛋白在牛身上的潜在应用提供参考和前期支持,其确切的疗效和安全性有待于在靶动物(牛)上进行进一步的验证。
  • 河北省重点研发计划项目(21322912D)
  • 石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(RCZK202456)
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区“天池英才”引进计划(BT-2025-TCYC-0067)
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2026年第57卷第3期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.035
  • 接收时间:2025-05-22
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-03-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-22
基金
河北省重点研发计划项目(21322912D)
石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(RCZK202456)
新疆维吾尔自治区“天池英才”引进计划(BT-2025-TCYC-0067)
作者信息
    1.石河子大学动物科技学院,石河子 832003
    2.绵羊健康养殖与人兽共患病防控协同创新中心,石河子 832003
    3.石河子大学动物健康养殖国际联合研究中心,石河子 832003

通讯作者:

马忠臣,主要从事人畜共患病致病机制与防控研究,E-mail:
陈创夫,主要从事病原分子致病机制和人畜共患病防治研究,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/CN/10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.035
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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