Article(id=1307013606621606201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.034, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1753286400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545926957, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1774195200000, pubDateStr=2026-03-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545926957, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545926957, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545926957, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013423896753139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='3', pageStart='1177', pageEnd='1776', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774195200000', pubDateStr='2026-03-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545883392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609930841, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1581, endPage=1594, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013606952956218, articleId=1307013606621606201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Isolation and Identification of a New G8P[11] Bovine Rotavirus Strain and the Phylogenetic Analysis of the Whole-genome Sequence, columnId=1307007432299930010, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize a bovine-yak origin group A rotavirus with the G8P[11] genotype and to analyze the genetic evolutionary features of its genome. Fecal samples from diarrheic calves at a dairy farm in Sihong, Jiangsu Province, were screened for six diarrhea-associated viruses. Rotavirus (RV)-positive samples were isolated and identified using RT-PCR, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), dsRNA-PAGE, and electron microscopy. The growth kinetics and cellular tropism of the isolated strains were characterized, and their cross-species transmission potential was evaluated. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing was performed on the isolates, followed by phylogenetic tree construction to determine their G/P genotypes. A bovine rotavirus strain was successfully isolated. Inoculation onto MA104 cells induced typical cytopathic effects, including cell rounding, shrinkage, detachment, and fragmentation. The virus reacted with VP6-specific monoclonal antibodies, exhibited a 4∶2∶3∶2 genomic RNA electrophoretic pattern, and displayed characteristic wheel-shaped virions approximately 70 nm in diameter. This strain was designated JSSH2024. A one-step growth curve revealed peak viral titers (TCID50) as 105.75·mL-1 in MA104 cells at 18 hours post-infection. In vitro infection assays demonstrated the virus's ability to replicate in MA104, IPEC-J2, HT-29 and HCT-8 cell lines, indicating potential for cross-species transmission. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified its genotype as G8-P[11]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A13-N2-T6-E2-H3. Eight gene segments clustered closely with bovine rotaviruses, while three segments showed closer genetic affinity to yak rotaviruses, suggesting its origin as a bovine-yak reassortant virus. This study reports the first G8P[11] bovine-yak reassortant bovine rotavirus (BoRV) in China, providing critical insights for epidemiological surveillance and vaccine development.

, authors=Xuefan SU1, 2, Li MAO2, Yiqi WANG2, Wenhao ZHOU1, Ran TAO2, Xuejiao ZHU2, Rongli GUO2, Xuehan ZHANG2, Bin LI1, 2, Jinzhu ZHOU2, Ga GONG1, authorsList=Xuefan SU, Li MAO, Yiqi WANG, Wenhao ZHOU, Ran TAO, Xuejiao ZHU, Rongli GUO, Xuehan ZHANG, Bin LI, Jinzhu ZHOU, Ga GONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jinzhu ZHOU, Ga GONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHOU Jinzhu, E-mail:
GONG Ga, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307013614859219277, articleId=1307013606621606201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=CN, title=一株新G8P[11]型牛轮状病毒的分离鉴定与全基因组遗传进化分析, columnId=1307007432459313564, journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, columnName=预防兽医, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究的目的是分离鉴定G8P[11]型牛-牦牛源A群牛轮状病毒,并分析其基因组的遗传进化特征。检测江苏泗洪一奶牛场腹泻犊牛粪样中的6种腹泻相关病毒,分离轮状病毒(RV)阳性株并通过RT-PCR、IFA、dsRNA-PAGE和电镜鉴定,测定生长曲线及细胞嗜性,评估跨种传播潜力。同时,对分离株进行全基因组测序后构建系统进化树,确定其G/P基因型。结果表明,成功分离出一株牛轮状病毒,病毒接种MA104细胞出现典型轮状病毒病变;病毒能够与VP6特异性单克隆抗体发生反应,病毒基因组电泳图谱为4∶2∶3∶2;病毒粒子呈典型车轮状、粒径约70 nm,并将其命名为JSSH2024株。一步生长曲线表明,该毒株接种MA104细胞18 h后滴度达峰值(105.75TCID50·mL-1)。跨种感染试验证实其可在MA104、IPEC-J2、HT-29及HCT-8细胞中增殖。全基因组分析显示其基因型为G8-P[11]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A13-N2-T6-E2-H3,其中8个基因片段与牛源毒株亲缘性近,3个片段与牦牛源毒株相近,提示其为牛-牦牛重配株。本研究首次在国内报道G8P[11]型牛-牦牛重配BoRV,为牛轮状病毒流行病学监测及疫苗研发提供了重要依据。

, authors=苏雪繁1, 2, 毛立2, 王祎祺2, 周文豪1, 陶然2, 朱雪蛟2, 郭容利2, 张雪寒2, 李彬1, 2, 周金柱2, 贡嘎1, authorsList=苏雪繁, 毛立, 王祎祺, 周文豪, 陶然, 朱雪蛟, 郭容利, 张雪寒, 李彬, 周金柱, 贡嘎, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=周金柱, 贡嘎, authorNote=

苏雪繁,硕士生,主要从事预防兽医学研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
周金柱,主要从事动物腹泻病研究,E-mail:
贡嘎,主要从事高原动物传染病研究,E-mail:
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DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0165826, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281703941202528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHIA G,HO H J,NG C G,et al.An unusual outbreak of rotavirus G8P[8] gastroenteritis in adults in an urban community,singapore,2016[J].J Clin Virol,2018,105:57-63. DOI:10.1016/j.jcv.2018.06.004, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281703999922785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=熊光萍,田 毅,范佳欣,等.中国中南部G8P[8]型A组轮状病毒全基因组遗传特征研究[J].病毒学报,2024,40(1):27-37. DOI:10.1128/genomea.01339-16, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281704360632930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIONG G P,TIAN Y,FAN J X,et al.Genetic characteristics of complete genome of G8P[8] group A rotavirus in south-central China[J].Chinese Journal of Virology,2024,40(1):27-37.(in Chinese). DOI:10.1128/genomea.01339-16, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281704452907619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALI S,KHAN S,KHAN S N,et al.Molecular detection and prevalence of rotavirus with acute gastroenteritis among the children of rural and urban areas[J].Brazil J Biol,2021,83:e244365. DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.244365, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281704801034852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GOLAVIYA A,MATHAKIYA R,JAKHESARA S,et al.Determining genetic diversity of prevalent G and P genotype of bovine rotavirus A from neonatal calves of Gujarat,India[J].J Vet Sci,2024,25(4):e55. 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M. DL2000 DNA marker; 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16. Diarrhea samples; 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18. Negative control; 2. BoRV; 5. BoAstV; 8. BEV; 11. BAdV; 14. BCoV; 17. BVDV

, figureFileSmall=TwfdrYgMSF+2SwfrQ3v58w==, figureFileBig=V/T8jjTeimi8eYiElkUNhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281690162913814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PCR检测6种腹泻相关病毒

M. DL2000 DNA相对分子质量标准;1、4、7、10、13、16. 腹泻样本;3、6、9、12、15、18. 阴性对照;2. BoRV 阳性对照;5. BoAstV 阳性对照;8. BEV 阳性对照;11. BAdV 阳性对照;14. BCoV 阳性对照;17. BVDV 阳性对照

, figureFileSmall=TwfdrYgMSF+2SwfrQ3v58w==, figureFileBig=V/T8jjTeimi8eYiElkUNhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281690246799895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Purification results of JSSH2024 strain, figureFileSmall=+6QdMmGqDUrY/3Ru/0+yKA==, figureFileBig=j4+LoKLFl47eaulj1mj26A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281690523623960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=CN, label=图2, caption=JSSH2024毒株纯化结果, figureFileSmall=+6QdMmGqDUrY/3Ru/0+yKA==, figureFileBig=j4+LoKLFl47eaulj1mj26A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281690607510041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Identification of JSSH2024 strain

A. RT-PCR amplification results of RV-VP7-395 gene for various generations of JSSH2024 strain (M. DL2000 DNA marker; P4, P6, P8, P10, P12. 4, 6, 8, 10, 10 generations of JSSH2024 strain; PC. Positive control; NC. Negative control); B. CPE and IFA results of MA104 cells infected with JSSH2024 strain (bar=100 μm); C. dsRNA-PAGE map of viral dsRNA extracted from the strain JSSH2024; D. Electron micrograph of virus particle of JSSH2024 strain

, figureFileSmall=x1a0171/yt3fpk7IndKCog==, figureFileBig=c/mClXb/U3CIoOEYQZWbFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281690674618906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=CN, label=图3, caption=JSSH2024毒株鉴定结果

A.各代次病毒RV-VP7-395基因RT-PCR扩增(M. DL2000 DNA相对分子质量标准;P4、P6、P8、P10、P12. JSSH2024毒株4、6、8、10、12代扩增产物;PC.阳性对照;NC.阴性对照);B. JSSH2024毒株感染MA104细胞的CPE和间接免疫荧光试验结果(标尺=100 μm);C. JSSH2024毒株dsRNA-PAGE基因组的核酸带型;D. JSSH2024毒株病毒粒子

, figureFileSmall=x1a0171/yt3fpk7IndKCog==, figureFileBig=c/mClXb/U3CIoOEYQZWbFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281690766893595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Growth curve of JSSH2024 strain, figureFileSmall=wrDMFJ8/gDtgbJwlB/qDgw==, figureFileBig=1zdN8rBSTOgu68LrlfIrUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281691018551836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=CN, label=图4, caption=JSSH2024毒株的生长曲线, figureFileSmall=wrDMFJ8/gDtgbJwlB/qDgw==, figureFileBig=1zdN8rBSTOgu68LrlfIrUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281691102437917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Susceptibility of isolated strain JSSH2024 to different cells (bar=100 μm), figureFileSmall=NYV9YI1uYSrOSpM1qL9qWQ==, figureFileBig=/Z6uFZHCndnt8oPTzt5+bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281691362484766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=CN, label=图5, caption=分离毒株JSSH2024 对不同细胞的易感性(标尺=100 μm), figureFileSmall=NYV9YI1uYSrOSpM1qL9qWQ==, figureFileBig=/Z6uFZHCndnt8oPTzt5+bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281691437982239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Whole-genome amplification of JSSH2024

M. DL5000 DNA marker; 1-11. VP1-VP4、VP6、VP7、NSP1-NSP5 (3 302 bp, 2 686 bp, 2 591 bp, 2 352 bp, 1 356 bp, 1 062 bp, 1 476 bp, 1 059 bp, 1 074 bp, 750 bp, 667 bp)

, figureFileSmall=C+TDcr7znvuTJsZ7mpVuLQ==, figureFileBig=LPxz2UioDkdC9qxpG8R2Gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281691526062624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=CN, label=图6, caption=JSSH2024毒株全基因扩增结果

M. DL5000 DNA相对分子质量标准;1~11. VP1~VP4、VP6、VP7、NSP1~NSP5 (3 302 bp、2 686 bp、2 591 bp、2 352 bp、1 356 bp、1 062 bp、1 476 bp、1 059 bp、1 074 bp、750 bp、667 bp)

, figureFileSmall=C+TDcr7znvuTJsZ7mpVuLQ==, figureFileBig=LPxz2UioDkdC9qxpG8R2Gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281691781915169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1-VP3 (A-C), VP4 (D), VP6 (E), VP7 (F), genes of the JSSH2024 strain, figureFileSmall=/7N64p5UuX1a9cH/79JoLA==, figureFileBig=i9G5WVgsbhcCOb/jXyfLeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281691849024034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=CN, label=图7, caption=基于JSSH2024毒株的VP1~VP3(A~C)、VP4(D)、VP6(E)、VP7(F)基因构建的系统进化树, figureFileSmall=/7N64p5UuX1a9cH/79JoLA==, figureFileBig=i9G5WVgsbhcCOb/jXyfLeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281691903549987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Phylogenetic analysis of the NSP1-NSP5 (A-E) genes of JSSH2024 strain, figureFileSmall=xGABkapNaG7LUWGsVG9X2w==, figureFileBig=zBZGBeHnKmi5gZHgreqDrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281692201345572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=CN, label=图8, caption=基于JSSH2024毒株的NSP1~NSP5(A~ E)基因构建的系统进化树, figureFileSmall=xGABkapNaG7LUWGsVG9X2w==, figureFileBig=zBZGBeHnKmi5gZHgreqDrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281693887455781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers for virus detection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

引物

Primer

引物序列(5'→3')

Primer sequences (5'→3')

退火温度/℃

Annealing

temperature

产物大小/bp

Product length

参考文献

References

RV-VP7-FGGCTTTAAAAGAGAGAATTTCCGTCTGG56395[25]
RV-VP7-RACTGATCCTGTTGGCCATCCTTT
BCoV-N-FAAGGTGTGCCTATTGCACCAG54500[26]
BCoV-N-RGCTTAGTTACTTGCTGTGGC
BEV-FCTTTGCACGCCTGTTTTCC54497
BEV-RCACACGCTCGGAGGTTGGGAT
BoAstV-FGAYTGGACBCGHTWTGATGG54418
BoAstV-RKYTTRACCCACATNCCAA
BAdV-FTCAGGACCGCCTGGATCATA54796
BAdV-RTCAGCCACGCAAAGCCATTT
BVDV-FATGCCCWTAGTAGGACTAGCA54244
BVDV-RTCAACTCCATGTGCCATGTAC
), ArticleFig(id=1307281693958758950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

病毒检测用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

引物

Primer

引物序列(5'→3')

Primer sequences (5'→3')

退火温度/℃

Annealing

temperature

产物大小/bp

Product length

参考文献

References

RV-VP7-FGGCTTTAAAAGAGAGAATTTCCGTCTGG56395[25]
RV-VP7-RACTGATCCTGTTGGCCATCCTTT
BCoV-N-FAAGGTGTGCCTATTGCACCAG54500[26]
BCoV-N-RGCTTAGTTACTTGCTGTGGC
BEV-FCTTTGCACGCCTGTTTTCC54497
BEV-RCACACGCTCGGAGGTTGGGAT
BoAstV-FGAYTGGACBCGHTWTGATGG54418
BoAstV-RKYTTRACCCACATNCCAA
BAdV-FTCAGGACCGCCTGGATCATA54796
BAdV-RTCAGCCACGCAAAGCCATTT
BVDV-FATGCCCWTAGTAGGACTAGCA54244
BVDV-RTCAACTCCATGTGCCATGTAC
), ArticleFig(id=1307281694017479207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

BoRV whole-genome amplification primers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

基因

Gene

引物

Primer

引物序列(5'→3')

Primer sequences (5'→3')

退火温度/℃

Annealing temperature

产物大小/bp

Product length

VP1VP1-FGGCTATTAAAGCTGTACAATGG513 302
VP2-RGGTCACATCTAAGCACTCTA
VP2VP2-FGGCTATTAAAGGCTCAATGG512 686
VP2-RGGTCATATCTCCACAGTGG
VP3VP3-FGGCTATTAAAGCAGTACTAGTAG512 591
VP3-RGGTCAYATCRTGACYDGTGTG
VP4VP4-FGGCTATAAAATGGCTTCTCTAA562 352
VP4-RGGTCACATCCTCAATAGCG
VP6VP6-FGGCTTTTAAACGAAGTCTTCG511 356
VP6-RGGTCACATCCTCTCACTATA
VP7VP7-FGGCTTTAAAAGAGAGAATTTCCG561 062
VP7-RGGTCACATCAWACARTTCTAMT'
NSP1NSP1-FGGCTTTTTTTATGAAAAGTCTTGTGG511 476
NSP1-RGGTTCACATTTTATGCTGCC
NSP2NSP2-FGGCTTTTAAAGCGTCTCAGT511 059
NSP2-RGGTCACATAAGCGCTTTCTATTC
NSP3NSP3-FGGCTTTTAATGCTTTTCAGTGG511 074
NSP3-RGGTCACATAACGCCCCTA
NSP4NSP4-FGGCTTTTAAAAGTTCTGTTCCG51750
NSP4-RGGTCACATTAAGACCATTC
NSP5NSP5-FGGCTTTTAAAGCGCTACAG51667
NSP5-RGGTCACAAAACGGGAGTG
), ArticleFig(id=1307281694298497576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

BoRV全基因组扩增引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

基因

Gene

引物

Primer

引物序列(5'→3')

Primer sequences (5'→3')

退火温度/℃

Annealing temperature

产物大小/bp

Product length

VP1VP1-FGGCTATTAAAGCTGTACAATGG513 302
VP2-RGGTCACATCTAAGCACTCTA
VP2VP2-FGGCTATTAAAGGCTCAATGG512 686
VP2-RGGTCATATCTCCACAGTGG
VP3VP3-FGGCTATTAAAGCAGTACTAGTAG512 591
VP3-RGGTCAYATCRTGACYDGTGTG
VP4VP4-FGGCTATAAAATGGCTTCTCTAA562 352
VP4-RGGTCACATCCTCAATAGCG
VP6VP6-FGGCTTTTAAACGAAGTCTTCG511 356
VP6-RGGTCACATCCTCTCACTATA
VP7VP7-FGGCTTTAAAAGAGAGAATTTCCG561 062
VP7-RGGTCACATCAWACARTTCTAMT'
NSP1NSP1-FGGCTTTTTTTATGAAAAGTCTTGTGG511 476
NSP1-RGGTTCACATTTTATGCTGCC
NSP2NSP2-FGGCTTTTAAAGCGTCTCAGT511 059
NSP2-RGGTCACATAAGCGCTTTCTATTC
NSP3NSP3-FGGCTTTTAATGCTTTTCAGTGG511 074
NSP3-RGGTCACATAACGCCCCTA
NSP4NSP4-FGGCTTTTAAAAGTTCTGTTCCG51750
NSP4-RGGTCACATTAAGACCATTC
NSP5NSP5-FGGCTTTTAAAGCGCTACAG51667
NSP5-RGGTCACAAAACGGGAGTG
), ArticleFig(id=1307281694365606441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of each fragment of JSSH2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

基因

Gene

段号Number

基因型

Genotype

相似性最高的病毒

Virus with the highest homology

宿主

Host origin

相似性/%

Homology

VP79G8RVA/Bovine-wt/CHN/JS31/2020/G10P[11]牛 Cow98.8
VP44P[11]RVA/Yak-tc/CHN/HB-3/2021/G10P11牦牛 Yak98.8
VP66I2RVA/Cow-tc/China/SCMY1/2021牛 Cow99.7
VP11R2Sun9牛 Cow98.7
VP22C2Y3牦牛 Yak99.9
VP33M2RVA/Cow-tc/USA/WC3/1981/G6P[5]牛 Cow97.4
NSP15A13RVA/Cow-tc/JPN/GB12-22/2007/G8P[11]牛 Cow98.6
NSP28N2RVA/Bovine-wt/CHN/JS31/2020/G10P[11]牛 Cow98.7
NSP37T6RV/Bovine/C73/G6P[1]牛 Cow99.4
NSP410E2RVA/Yak-tc/CHN/HB-3/2021/G10P11牦牛 Yak98.3
NSP511H3HLJ-H3/2022/CHN牛 Cow100
), ArticleFig(id=1307281694436909610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013606621606201, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

JSSH2024毒株各基因片段分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

基因

Gene

段号Number

基因型

Genotype

相似性最高的病毒

Virus with the highest homology

宿主

Host origin

相似性/%

Homology

VP79G8RVA/Bovine-wt/CHN/JS31/2020/G10P[11]牛 Cow98.8
VP44P[11]RVA/Yak-tc/CHN/HB-3/2021/G10P11牦牛 Yak98.8
VP66I2RVA/Cow-tc/China/SCMY1/2021牛 Cow99.7
VP11R2Sun9牛 Cow98.7
VP22C2Y3牦牛 Yak99.9
VP33M2RVA/Cow-tc/USA/WC3/1981/G6P[5]牛 Cow97.4
NSP15A13RVA/Cow-tc/JPN/GB12-22/2007/G8P[11]牛 Cow98.6
NSP28N2RVA/Bovine-wt/CHN/JS31/2020/G10P[11]牛 Cow98.7
NSP37T6RV/Bovine/C73/G6P[1]牛 Cow99.4
NSP410E2RVA/Yak-tc/CHN/HB-3/2021/G10P11牦牛 Yak98.3
NSP511H3HLJ-H3/2022/CHN牛 Cow100
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一株新G8P[11]型牛轮状病毒的分离鉴定与全基因组遗传进化分析
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苏雪繁 1, 2 , 毛立 2 , 王祎祺 2 , 周文豪 1 , 陶然 2 , 朱雪蛟 2 , 郭容利 2 , 张雪寒 2 , 李彬 1, 2 , 周金柱 2 , 贡嘎 1
畜牧兽医学报 | 预防兽医 2026,57(3): 1581-1594
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畜牧兽医学报 |预防兽医 2026 , 57 (3) : 1581 -1594
一株新G8P[11]型牛轮状病毒的分离鉴定与全基因组遗传进化分析
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苏雪繁1, 2 , 毛立2, 王祎祺2, 周文豪1, 陶然2, 朱雪蛟2, 郭容利2, 张雪寒2, 李彬1, 2, 周金柱2 , 贡嘎1
作者信息
  • 1.西藏农牧大学动物科学学院,林芝 860000
  • 2.江苏省农业科学院兽医研究所/农业农村部兽用生物制品 工程技术重点实验室,南京 210014
通讯作者:
周金柱,主要从事动物腹泻病研究,E-mail:
贡嘎,主要从事高原动物传染病研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

苏雪繁,硕士生,主要从事预防兽医学研究,E-mail:

Isolation and Identification of a New G8P[11] Bovine Rotavirus Strain and the Phylogenetic Analysis of the Whole-genome Sequence
Xuefan SU1, 2 , Li MAO2, Yiqi WANG2, Wenhao ZHOU1, Ran TAO2, Xuejiao ZHU2, Rongli GUO2, Xuehan ZHANG2, Bin LI1, 2, Jinzhu ZHOU2 , Ga GONG1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Animal Science,Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi 860000,China
  • 2.Institute of Veterinary Medicine,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHOU Jinzhu, E-mail:
    GONG Ga, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.034
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本研究的目的是分离鉴定G8P[11]型牛-牦牛源A群牛轮状病毒,并分析其基因组的遗传进化特征。检测江苏泗洪一奶牛场腹泻犊牛粪样中的6种腹泻相关病毒,分离轮状病毒(RV)阳性株并通过RT-PCR、IFA、dsRNA-PAGE和电镜鉴定,测定生长曲线及细胞嗜性,评估跨种传播潜力。同时,对分离株进行全基因组测序后构建系统进化树,确定其G/P基因型。结果表明,成功分离出一株牛轮状病毒,病毒接种MA104细胞出现典型轮状病毒病变;病毒能够与VP6特异性单克隆抗体发生反应,病毒基因组电泳图谱为4∶2∶3∶2;病毒粒子呈典型车轮状、粒径约70 nm,并将其命名为JSSH2024株。一步生长曲线表明,该毒株接种MA104细胞18 h后滴度达峰值(105.75TCID50·mL-1)。跨种感染试验证实其可在MA104、IPEC-J2、HT-29及HCT-8细胞中增殖。全基因组分析显示其基因型为G8-P[11]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A13-N2-T6-E2-H3,其中8个基因片段与牛源毒株亲缘性近,3个片段与牦牛源毒株相近,提示其为牛-牦牛重配株。本研究首次在国内报道G8P[11]型牛-牦牛重配BoRV,为牛轮状病毒流行病学监测及疫苗研发提供了重要依据。

轮状病毒  /  牛  /  基因型  /  全基因组  /  遗传进化

The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize a bovine-yak origin group A rotavirus with the G8P[11] genotype and to analyze the genetic evolutionary features of its genome. Fecal samples from diarrheic calves at a dairy farm in Sihong, Jiangsu Province, were screened for six diarrhea-associated viruses. Rotavirus (RV)-positive samples were isolated and identified using RT-PCR, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), dsRNA-PAGE, and electron microscopy. The growth kinetics and cellular tropism of the isolated strains were characterized, and their cross-species transmission potential was evaluated. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing was performed on the isolates, followed by phylogenetic tree construction to determine their G/P genotypes. A bovine rotavirus strain was successfully isolated. Inoculation onto MA104 cells induced typical cytopathic effects, including cell rounding, shrinkage, detachment, and fragmentation. The virus reacted with VP6-specific monoclonal antibodies, exhibited a 4∶2∶3∶2 genomic RNA electrophoretic pattern, and displayed characteristic wheel-shaped virions approximately 70 nm in diameter. This strain was designated JSSH2024. A one-step growth curve revealed peak viral titers (TCID50) as 105.75·mL-1 in MA104 cells at 18 hours post-infection. In vitro infection assays demonstrated the virus's ability to replicate in MA104, IPEC-J2, HT-29 and HCT-8 cell lines, indicating potential for cross-species transmission. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified its genotype as G8-P[11]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A13-N2-T6-E2-H3. Eight gene segments clustered closely with bovine rotaviruses, while three segments showed closer genetic affinity to yak rotaviruses, suggesting its origin as a bovine-yak reassortant virus. This study reports the first G8P[11] bovine-yak reassortant bovine rotavirus (BoRV) in China, providing critical insights for epidemiological surveillance and vaccine development.

rotavirus  /  bovine  /  genotype  /  whole-genome sequence  /  phylogenetic analysis
苏雪繁, 毛立, 王祎祺, 周文豪, 陶然, 朱雪蛟, 郭容利, 张雪寒, 李彬, 周金柱, 贡嘎. 一株新G8P[11]型牛轮状病毒的分离鉴定与全基因组遗传进化分析. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1581 -1594 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.034
Xuefan SU, Li MAO, Yiqi WANG, Wenhao ZHOU, Ran TAO, Xuejiao ZHU, Rongli GUO, Xuehan ZHANG, Bin LI, Jinzhu ZHOU, Ga GONG. Isolation and Identification of a New G8P[11] Bovine Rotavirus Strain and the Phylogenetic Analysis of the Whole-genome Sequence[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1581 -1594 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.034
牛轮状病毒(bovine rotavirus,BoRV)是引起新生犊牛非细菌性腹泻的主要病原体之一[1]。犊牛感染BoRV通常会引起精神萎靡、厌食、腹泻、脱水;7日龄内的犊牛最易感染,成年牛多呈隐性感染并持续排毒,一旦发病,极易造成持续性感染[2]。由于BoRV在新生犊牛中流行性广、感染后发病率高、危害严重,且病毒基因型呈现多样化,由跨物种来源引起的BoRV重组毒株导致牛群腹泻的情况时有发生,给我国各地的养牛产业造成了严重的经济损失[3]。
轮状病毒(rotavirus,RV)属于呼肠孤病毒科,轮状病毒属;因其病毒粒子呈球形、无包膜,电镜下形似辐射车轮状而得名[4]。病毒粒子直径为70~75 nm,由外部衣壳、内部衣壳和核心三层组成二十面体立体对称结构,其结构包括三层同心衣壳及其包裹着的11个分节段的双股RNA[5];这些RNA节段分别编码6种病毒结构蛋白(VP1、VP2、VP3、VP4、VP6、VP7)和6个非结构蛋白(NSP1~NSP6),其中第11个片段编码2个蛋白(NSP5和NSP6),其余基因片段均编码1个蛋白[6]。根据最新的国际病毒分类委员会(International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses,ICTV)的分类标准,依据VP6蛋白抗原性的不同,轮状病毒可分为A~D、F~J共9个群,牛群感染A群轮状病毒最为常见。A群轮状病毒(rotavirus A,RVA)根据VP7和VP4的核苷酸序列进一步分为G型和P型[7]。目前在人和动物上已分离鉴定的RV有42个G型、58个P型[8]。国外BoRV毒株的G型以G6为主,其次是G10;P型主要是P[5],其次是P[11][9⁃12];我国已检出的牛轮状病毒A群(bovine rotavirus A,BoRVA)基因型包括G6P[1]、G6P[5]、G10P[11]、G6P[11]和G8P[1]等基因型[11,13⁃14]。我国牛群中主要存在的G型是G6、G10,常见的P型有P[1]、P[5]-[8]和P[11]基因型[15⁃20]。在所有这些基因型中,G6P[5]、G6P[11]和G10P[11]是最普遍的G/P组合[21]。
轮状病毒具有跨宿主传播的能力,可在不同物种间通过基因重配等方式实现传播并产生新病毒,这增加了防控的难度和复杂性[3]。动物轮状病毒也是人类轮状病毒的重要来源之一,并可与人源毒株发生基因重配,从而增强其适应性和传播潜力。有研究表明,RV可在人和牛之间相互传播,通过基因重配对人类构成潜在威胁[22⁃23]。因此,深入研究该病毒的跨种传播机制和流行规律对于公共卫生来说具有重大的意义[24]。
本研究在国内首次成功分离并鉴定了牛源A群G8P[11]型牛轮状病毒,通过测序获得分离毒株全基因组序列,并对其进行序列分析,构建进化树,解析其基因组特性。这种新基因型的发现,表明我国牛群中轮状病毒具有复杂性,需要进一步加强流行病学调查和研究。
本研究用于病毒培养细胞包括:MA104(恒河猴胚肾上皮细胞)、Marc-145(非洲绿猴肾细胞)、MDBK(牛肾细胞)、ST(猪睾丸细胞)、IPEC-J2(猪空肠上皮细胞)、Caco-2(人结直肠腺癌细胞)、HT-29(人结肠腺癌细胞)、HCT-8(人回盲肠腺癌细胞),均由江苏省农业科学院农业农村部兽用生物制品工程技术重点实验室保存。
本研究用于检测的阳性对照核酸包括:牛轮状病毒(BoRV)、牛冠状病毒(bovine coronavirus,BCoV)、牛肠道病毒(bovine enterovirus,BEV)、牛病毒性腹泻(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)、牛腺病毒(bovine adeno virus,BAdV)、牛星状病毒(bovine astrovirus,BoAstV),均由江苏省农业科学院农业农村部兽用生物制品工程技术重点实验室保存。
DMEM培养基购自BasaIMedia公司;胰酶购自Sigma公司;胎牛血清购自中国上海达特希尔生物科技有限公司;RNA提取试剂盒FastPure® Cell/Tissue Total RNA Isolation Kit V2、2× Green Taq Mix、2× Phanta® Max Master Mix、5× HiScript II qRT SuperMix II均购自南京诺维赞生物科技股份有限公司;FITC标记山羊抗鼠IgG(H+L)、羊抗鼠IgG/HRP购自Solarbio公司;pMD19-T载体购自TaKaRa公司。
使用无菌棉拭子采集发病期犊牛或感染牛的新鲜粪便样本。将采集样本置于含1 mL DMEM培养基的离心管中,补充青霉素的终浓度2 000 U·mL-1,链霉素的终浓度2 μg·mL-1,涡旋振荡混匀。将悬液于-80 ℃超低温冰箱冷冻30 min后,转移至37 ℃水浴解冻,反复冻融3次以释放病原体。在4 ℃条件下离心分离,以12 000 r·min-1离心15 min,小心吸取上清液转移至无菌EP管中,采用0.45 μm滤器对上清液进行除菌过滤,所得液体于-80 ℃保存备用。
根据参考文献[25, 26]委托上海生工生物科技有限公司合成引物。
取“1.1.4”已经处理的上清液样品200 μL,根据南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司RNA提取试剂盒(Fast Pure ® Cell/Tissue Total RNA Isolation Kit V2)说明书进行病料RNA的提取(30 μL ddH2O洗脱RNA,于-80 ℃保存)。参照南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司反转录试剂盒说明书使用反转录剂试盒进行反转录,将RNA反转录成cDNA。利用2× Green Taq Mix和6种腹泻相关病毒;检测引物见表1。
将“1.1.4”中处理过的阳性病料上清液,加入终浓度为10 μg·mL-1的胰酶,然后置于37 ℃温箱下处理1 h,接着用高压过的PBS清洗长成单层的6孔板MA104细胞,将处理过的上清液接种到细胞中,在50 mL·L-1 CO2,37 ℃培养箱中吸附,吸附1 h后,弃掉上清液,并用PBS清洗细胞2次,换成无血清的DMEM的维持液含胰酶(1 μg·mL-1,青霉素2 000 U·mL-1和链霉素2 μg·mL-1),在50 mL·L-1 CO2,37 ℃恒温培养箱中培养,持续观察细胞病变(cytopathic effect, CPE)情况。当有80%的细胞出现CPE时,进行病毒液的收集(-80 ℃,冻融3次,4 ℃、12 000·min-1,离心15 min)。之后按相同的方法进行连续传代。当出现稳定细胞病变时,对病毒进行空斑纯化。在收获的病毒液中加入终浓度为10 μg·mL-1的胰酶,然后置于37 ℃下激活1 h,将激活的病毒进行10倍倍比稀释,选取稀释度为101倍到106倍的6个不同稀释度,并接种到6孔板上的MA104细胞中。在50 mL·L-1 CO2,37 ℃培养箱中感作1 h,弃培养液,用PBS洗细胞,同时将无色的GIBCO 2 × MEM预热至37 ℃。然后与11 g·L-1的低熔点琼脂糖1∶1均匀混合,同时加入胰酶,使之终浓度为0.5 μg·mL-1,每孔中加入2 mL混合液,注意避免产生气泡。将6孔板放置室温使琼脂糖冷却,将其倒置在37 ℃、50 mL·L-1 CO2的培养箱中培养,并观察细胞的病变。当出现典型的病变后,用中性红进行染色并挑斑,将挑出的斑块放到无菌的EP管中,进行冻融收获病毒。
参考GenBank数据库收录的国内外BoRV毒株NSP5基因,利用SnapGene 4.1.8软件设计RT-qPCR引物和探针(RV-NSP5-F207-226:5’-TCCACTMACCAGYTTTTCGAT-3’;RV-NSP5-R298-279:5’-AWGGYCGTGATTGYGY-YGAT-3’;RV-NSP5-probe232-261:FAM-TC-GAATGCAGTTAAGACARAYGCAGACGCT-TAMRA)由通用生物(安徽)股份有限公司合成。提取分离毒株P4、P6、P8、P10、P12代病毒RNA,反转录获得cDNA,利用表1的VP7特异性引物进行RT-PCR扩增和RT-qPCR进行测定。
将经胰酶激活处理的P10代病毒接种于MA104细胞单层,同步设置正常细胞对照。经适当时间培养后(病毒感染MA104细胞24 h后),弃上清,同时利用预冷的无水乙醇对其进行固定,使用VP6单克隆抗体作为一抗(本实验室制备,1∶2 000)[5]进行孵育,随后用FITC标记山羊抗鼠IgG(1∶500)二抗进行孵育。在荧光显微镜下观察是否有特异性绿色荧光出现。
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术进行dsRNA分子分离与可视化分析,采用“1.2”的方法提取P10代病毒的RNA,在RNA样本中加入5× loading后,上样于7.5%分离胶(厚度1.0 mm),在(1×TAE缓冲液(89 mmol·L-1 Tris-base,89 mmol·L-1 硼酸,2 mmol·L-1 EDTA)体系中,于Bio-Rad Mini-PROTEAN Tetra电泳系统进行恒压(180 V)电泳分离5 h。采用核酸染色法:电泳后凝胶浸入含0.03% YeaRed核酸染料的染色液(终浓度:0.3 mmol·L-1 NaCl,含10 mL·L-1高压灭菌水),37 ℃避光振荡染色30 min后,在Gel Doc XR+凝胶成像系统(Bio-Rad)下观察。
采用超速离心联合负染色技术对BoRV进行形态学鉴定,具体操作流程如下:当MA104细胞感染出现超过80%的CPE时,收集病毒感染的细胞悬液。首先通过12 000 r·min-1,离心15 min (4 ℃)去除细胞碎片,所得上清经0.45 μm孔径滤膜过滤后,采用配备70 Ti型转子的Beckman超速离心机(Optima XE系列)进行富集:30 000 r·min-1,4 ℃离心1.5 h富集病毒颗粒。病毒沉淀用TNC缓冲液[20 mmol·L-1 Tris-Cl (pH=8.0),100 mmol·L-1 NaCl,1 mmol·L-1 CaCl₂]轻柔重悬至终体积1 mL。病毒样品经20 mg·mL-1 磷钨酸(pH=6.8)负染色处理后,使用Hitachi HT7800型透射电子显微镜进行病毒粒子形态特征的观察。
按照感染复数(multiplicity of infection,MOI)为0.1,将P10代病毒液接种到长满单层的MA104细胞的12孔板中。分别在接毒后6、12、18、24和36 h收取板中全部液体,参考文献[27]的方法,利用免疫过氧化物酶单层细胞染色法(IPMA)检测病毒的感染情况,判定CPE结果;根据Reed-Muench法计算每毫升样品的50%组织培养感染剂量。使用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行绘制病毒生长曲线,从而确定毒株在体外的增殖动力学情况。
以MOI为0.1,将P10代病毒分别感染MA104、Marc-145、MDBK、ST、IPEC-J2、Caco-2、HT-29和HCT-8细胞,在CO2培养箱中培养24 h后,按照“1.4”方法进行间接免疫荧光试验,观察病毒对不同细胞的感染水平。
本研究基于GenBank数据库收录的国内外BoRV毒株全基因组序列,采用SnapGene 4.1.8软件设计11对兼并扩增引物。以“1.3”中P10代病毒的cDNA为模板,按照表2参数进行分段PCR扩增,经凝胶电泳验证后切取目的条带进行纯化回收。随后将11个片段克隆至pMD19-T载体,筛选阳性质粒送至南京擎科生物有限公司完成双向测序。获得的测序结果经DNAStar软件拼接后,提交至NCBI BLAST进行全基因组序列同源性分析,选取不同基因型轮状病毒参考毒株建立比对数据库,进行轮状病毒全基因组基因分型的确定。最终利用MEGA 11软件构建全基因组系统发育进化树,分析该毒株的遗传进化关系。
病料经PCR检测,结果显示仅有RV引物扩增区域呈现清晰的395 bp特征条带(图1),与预期扩增片段完全一致,证实该腹泻样本中存在RV特异性核酸,提示牛群可能存在BoRV感染。其余5种常见腹泻病原体核酸检测结果均为阴性。
将胰酶处理后的病料滤液接种至MA104单层细胞后,前3代盲传未观察到明显CPE。然而,从第4代开始,细胞逐渐出现典型的CPE,表现为细胞变圆、皱缩、脱落及碎裂见图3B,而对照细胞保持正常形态。当80%的细胞出现CPE时,收集病毒液,经冻融和离心处理后获得病毒上清液。随后,通过连续传代使CPE稳定出现,表明病毒已成功适应细胞培养环境。分离毒株命名为JSSH2024。为进一步纯化病毒,对稳定传代的病毒液进行噬斑试验,结果形成典型的圆形或类圆形噬斑见图2。挑取单个噬斑进行冻融处理后获得纯化病毒样本。
对分离毒株JSSH2024的P4、P6、P8、P10、P12代次病毒核酸进行VP7基因扩增,PCR检测结果见图3A,各代次样本在395 bp处均呈现与阳性对照(RV-VP7)大小完全一致的特征性条带;RT-qPCR 检测结果,分离毒株的P4、P6、P8、P10、P12的Ct值均<25,分别为21.23、21.54、20.85、19.73、19.13;阴性对照为Ct值>35,为36.25。进一步表明该毒株可在MA104细胞上进行稳定传代。
将P10代病毒接种MA104细胞,接毒后24 h,细胞出现CPE,将接毒细胞进行固定,用VP6特异性单抗进行鉴定,间接免疫荧光结果见图3B,接种病毒的MA104细胞中出现大量特异性的绿色荧光,进一步表明分离株为轮状病毒,而不接毒对照细胞无荧光。
提取P10代病毒的RNA,进行dsRNA-PAGE电泳,核酸电泳结果见图3C,分离株具有A群轮状病毒的特征性电泳图谱,排列方式为4∶2∶3∶2,包括4个高分子量的双链RNA(dsRNA)节段)(对应片段1~4),5个中等大小的基因片段(对应片段5~9,其中片段7~9紧密排列形成三体结构),2个小节段(对应片段10和11)。进一步证实了JSSH2024毒株为A群轮状病毒。
将毒株JSSH2024病毒培养液(P10代)浓缩纯化,电镜结果见图3D,镜下可见典型轮状病毒特征的颗粒,表面呈完整球形,具有清晰的双层衣壳结构,衣壳间辐射状排列的棘突形成特征性的“车轮状”形态特征。颗粒直径约为70 nm,与轮状病毒科成员的形态学标准高度吻合。
将毒株JSSH2024 P10代病毒按照MOI为0.1接种MA104细胞,JSSH2024毒株的生长曲线见图4,在MA104细胞中接毒后18 h后病毒滴度达峰值105.75TCID50·mL-1,随着感染时间的延长,病毒滴度逐渐降低。由此可见,病毒在体外MA104细胞上培养18~24 h为最适收毒时间。
将P10代病毒接种8种不同类型的细胞系,通过间接免疫荧光检测病毒对不同细胞的易感性,如图5结果显示,JSSH2024株对MA104为易感;其也能够感染IPEC-J2细胞、HT-29和HCT-8,但感染性有限;不能感染Caco-2、Marc-145、ST和MDBK细胞。
将毒株JSSH2024 P10代病毒提取RNA,逆转录成cDNA,以此为模板,采用高保真PCR体系(2× Phanta® Max Master Mix)配合表2所示引物对全基因组进行分段扩增。经15 g·mL-1琼脂糖凝胶电泳(120 V,40 min)结合核酸染料显示。扩增结果见图6,11对引物的扩增产物在预期分子量对应位置(3.3 kb~0.6 kb)处出现目的条带,且与预期基因片段大小相符。
将扩增的目的条带进行回收,连接克隆到pMD19-T载体并进行测序,我们获得了JSSH2024毒株的全基因组序列,序列与NCBI中的序列进行比对分析,进一步确认其为BoRV。全基因组序列相似性分析结果见表3,该分离株的基因型为“G8-P[11]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A13-N2-T6-E2-H3”。
本研究利用MEGA 11软件,分别基于JSSH2024毒株的11条基因核苷酸序列,与不同基因型及不同种属轮状病毒的相应基因序列进行比对,构建了系统发育进化树。基因相似性见表3,该毒株VP7基因(98.8%)、VP4基因(98.8%)和VP6基因(99.7%)分别与中国牛源毒株JS31(2020)、中国牦牛源毒株HB-3(2021)以及中国牛源毒株SCMY1(2021)呈现高度序列相似性;VP1基因,VP2基因和VP3基因分别与Sun9牛源毒株、牦牛源株Y3和WC3(1981)牛源毒株存在98.7%、99.9%、97.4%相似性;非结构蛋白基因NSP1与日本牛源毒株GB12-22(2007)相似性为98.6%,NSP2和NSP4分别与中国牛源株JS31(2020)、牦牛源株HB-3(2021)高度相似,相似性分别为98.95%和98.11%,NSP3基因与牛源株C73相似性为99.4%,NSP5基因与中国牛源株HLJ-H3(2022)相似性最高,达100%。
系统进化树结果见图7和图8,JSSH2024毒株是典型的牛源-牦牛源重配轮状病毒,其基因组呈现显著的多源嵌合特征。牛源基因为主体VP1 R2型、VP3 M2型、VP6 I2型、VP7 G8型、NSP1 A13型、NSP2 N2型、NSP3 T6型、NSP5 H3型共8个基因均与牛源毒株聚集成簇,证实病毒主干源于牛宿主。而VP2 C2型、VP4 P[11]型、NSP4 E2型形成独立进化簇,与牦牛源轮状病毒高度同源。提示这些基因可能通过跨种重配整合到病毒基因组中,这一发现进一步证实了轮状病毒在牛和牦牛之间的跨宿主重组演化。
轮状病毒感染是引起婴幼儿及幼龄动物病毒性胃肠炎的重要病原体,是受全世界关注的公共卫生问题。BoRVA是导致犊牛腹泻的主要病原体之一,具有较高的临床检出率[28],但由于轮状病毒是一个分段基因组病毒,它可以通过点突变、重组变异或重配发生遗传变异从而产生新毒株,这种特性导致其极易发生基因重配产生新毒株。因此,对不同国家和地区的牛群进行牛轮状病毒的流行病学调查和病毒分离,对牛轮状病毒引起的相关疾病的防控具有重要意义[29⁃32]。
G8型毒株是国外BoRVA中常见的基因型之一,G8型RVA最早于1979年首次在印度尼西亚的人类标本中发现[33]。随后,G8基因型RVA在许多国家的儿童中被检出,如:非洲、南亚、东亚、部分南美国家的检出率显著上升,甚至成为当地主要流行基因型之一[34⁃38]。在中国G8型BoRVA毒株也有很高的检出率。另外,根据NCBI数据库显示,从2021年到2022年,中国一直检测到G8P[8]的毒株在流行,如北京、广州、武汉、江苏等地区均发现了G8P[8]型RVA流行[39]。P[11]基因型轮状病毒主要感染猪、牛等动物,近年来在人类中的检测也有报道[40]。当前人用的轮状病毒疫苗针对主流型别(G1P[8]等),对P[11]型的保护效果未知[13,40⁃41],需关注其流行演变和跨物种传播风险。
JSSH2024毒株是一种罕见的牛-牦牛源重组轮状病毒,其基因型为G8-P[11]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A8-N2-T6-E2-H3。基因组分析显示,该毒株的主要结构蛋白基因(VP1、VP3、VP6、VP7)和非结构蛋白基因(NSP1~3、NSP5)来源于牛源轮状病毒,而VP2、VP4(关键宿主结合蛋白基因)和NSP4(毒力因子)则与牦牛源毒株高度同源,表明其通过跨宿主基因重组形成。这种独特的嵌合式基因组结构可能赋予病毒新的宿主适应性或传播优势,使其能够在不同宿主间传播。这种动物源重组病毒具有潜在的跨物种传播风险,建议加强G8P[11]型毒株在牛群及牦牛中的流行监测,评估现有牛轮状病毒疫苗的保护效力,并通过全基因组分析揭示重组热点以预警高致病性变异株的产生。
本研究首次在中国奶牛腹泻样本中检测到G8P[11]型BoRVA,丰富了国内BoRVA的流行病学资料。有必要进一步监测G8P[11]型BoRVA毒株在我国牛群中的流行情况,为深入理解轮状病毒跨宿主传播机制及人兽共患病防控提供科学依据。
在奶牛腹泻样本中检测到G8P[11]型牛轮状病毒JSSH2024,全基因组分析显示其基因型为G8-P[11]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A13-N2-T6-E2-H3,为重配毒株,丰富了国内BoRVA的流行病学资料。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1801302)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32302892)
  • 江苏省农业科技自主创新资金(CX(23)1029)
  • 江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业(BE2023317)┣2022ZB766)
  • 中国博士后基金(2024M751210)
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2026年第57卷第3期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.034
  • 接收时间:2025-07-24
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-03-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-24
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1801302)
国家自然科学基金(32302892)
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金(CX(23)1029)
江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业(BE2023317)┣2022ZB766)
中国博士后基金(2024M751210)
作者信息
    1.西藏农牧大学动物科学学院,林芝 860000
    2.江苏省农业科学院兽医研究所/农业农村部兽用生物制品 工程技术重点实验室,南京 210014

通讯作者:

周金柱,主要从事动物腹泻病研究,E-mail:
贡嘎,主要从事高原动物传染病研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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