Article(id=1307013422151913841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1750003200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545882975, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1771776000000, pubDateStr=2026-02-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545882975, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545882975, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545882975, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013104081068276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='2', pageStart='569', pageEnd='1176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771776000000', pubDateStr='2026-02-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545807142, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609910854, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281975350419753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281975350419754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=789, endPage=800, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013422370017650, articleId=1307013422151913841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Analysis of Imprinting and DNA Methylation Status of DLK1-DIO3 Domain in Bovine Placenta, columnId=1307007399437562052, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The objective of this study was to investigate the imprinting status and to search for potential DNA differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the DLK1-DIO3 domain in bovine placentas. In this study, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 3 bovine placentas and their parents to mining the informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The imprinting status of genes in the DLK1-DIO3 domain were determined by the combined analysis of WGS and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) results. The DMRs were identified by combination of WGS and whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data. WGS and RNA-seq results showed that MEG3, MEG8 and MEG9 genes were maternally expressed imprinted genes and DLK1, RTL1 and DIO3 genes were paternally expressed imprinted genes. The WGBS data analysis showed that 4 DMRs, Dlk1-DMR, IG-DMR, Gtl2-DMR and Meg8-DMR were conserved in human and mouse, and 5 new DMRs were identified, DLK1-DMR0 and DLK1-DMR1 located upstream of the DLK1 gene, MEG9-DMR in MEG9 promoter region, and DIO3-DMR1 and DIO3-DMR2 located upstream of DIO3 genes, respectively. The results indicate that the imprinted status and differentially methylated regions of bovine DLK1-DIO3 imprinted region are highly conserved to human and mouse. In addition, 5 potential DMRs were identified in bovine DLK1-DIO3 region, and their regulating mechanism on the DLK1-DIO3 imprinted region needs to be further investigated.

, authors=Yunchang ZHENG1, Ruilin HOU1, Xiaohe LIANG1, Zilu WEI1, Lidan YANG1, Haonan HUO1, Shuoqing SU2, Cui ZHANG1, Shujing LI2, Shijie LI1, authorsList=Yunchang ZHENG, Ruilin HOU, Xiaohe LIANG, Zilu WEI, Lidan YANG, Haonan HUO, Shuoqing SU, Cui ZHANG, Shujing LI, Shijie LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shujing LI, Shijie LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LI Shijie, E-mail:
LI Shujing, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307013424043544961, articleId=1307013422151913841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=CN, title=牛胎盘DLK1-DIO3区域的印记及甲基化状态研究, columnId=1307007399861186759, journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, columnName=生物技术与繁殖, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

旨在研究牛DLK1-DIO3区域的印记状态和DNA差异甲基化区(differentially methylated regions,DMRs)。对3个牛的胎盘、及其亲本进行全基因组测序(whole genome sequencing,WGS),挖掘单核苷酸多态(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)信息;联合转录组测序(RNA-sequencing,RNA-seq)数据,确定基因的印记状态;联合全基因组亚硫酸盐测序(whole genome bisulfite sequencing,WGBS)数据,确定DNA的差异甲基化区。WGS与RNA-seq测序结果联合分析表明,牛MEG3、MEG8和MEG9基因为母源等位基因表达的印记基因,DLK1、RTL1和DIO3基因为父源等位基因表达的印记基因。WGBS数据分析发现,除与人和小鼠保守的Dlk1-DMR、IG-DMR、Gtl2-DMR和Meg8-DMR外,还发现5个新的DMRs,分别为位于DLK1基因上游的DLK1-DMR0和DLK1-DMR1、MEG9启动子区域的MEG9-DMR及DIO3上游的DIO3-DMR1和DIO3-DMR2。上述结果表明,DLK1-DIO3印记区域的印记状态和差异甲基化区在牛、人和小鼠中高度保守,此外,新发现了5个DMRs,其对DLK1-DIO3区域的调控机制有待于进一步研究。

, authors=郑云畅1, 侯睿霖1, 梁晓贺1, 魏子露1, 杨利丹1, 霍浩楠1, 苏硕青2, 张萃1, 李树静2, 李世杰1, authorsList=郑云畅, 侯睿霖, 梁晓贺, 魏子露, 杨利丹, 霍浩楠, 苏硕青, 张萃, 李树静, 李世杰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李树静, 李世杰, authorNote=

郑云畅和侯睿霖为同等贡献作者

郑云畅,硕士,主要从事动物分子遗传与表观遗传学研究,E-mail:

侯睿霖,硕士,主要从事动物分子遗传与表观遗传学研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李树静,主要从事胚胎生物技术研发和推广,E-mail:
李世杰,主要从事动物分子遗传与表观遗传学研究,E-mail:
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articleId=1307013422151913841, companyId=1307282230364099109, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Hebei Tianhe Beef Cattle Seed Industry Co. ,Ltd. ,Shijiazhuang 050200,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307282230385070631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, companyId=1307282230364099109, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河北天和肉牛种业有限公司,石家庄 050200)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307282234268996196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Location and imprinting status of DLK1-DIO3 domain

A. Imprinted genes within the DLK1-DIO3 imprinted region, arrows represent direction of transcription, red boxes represent paternally imprinted genes, blue boxes represent maternally imprinted genes; B-D. DLK1,RTL1and DIO3 genes exhibit paternal allele expression; E-G. MEG3,MEG8 and MEG9 genes exhibit maternal allele expression, demonstration of imprinting status at only some of the SNP loci regarding the MEG3 and MEG8 genes

, figureFileSmall=5ThGlbpFgg3KPnYPu1z64A==, figureFileBig=/iOfPBLmwsIH0tTSvU7edQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282234373853797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=CN, label=图1, caption=DLK1-DIO3区域的位置和印记状态

A. DLK1-DIO3 印记区域内的印记基因,箭头表示基因转录方向,红色方框表示父源印记基因,蓝色方框表示母源印记基因;B-D. DLK1、RTL1 和 DIO3 为父源等位基因表达;E-G. MEG3、MEG8 和 MEG9 为母源等位基因表达,MEG3 和 MEG8 基因仅展示部分 SNP 位点处的印记状态

, figureFileSmall=5ThGlbpFgg3KPnYPu1z64A==, figureFileBig=/iOfPBLmwsIH0tTSvU7edQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282234508071526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=IG-DMR and MEG3-DMR in bovine placenta

A. The location of IG-DMR, MEG3-DMR and associated CpG islands in bovine placenta, green boxes indicate the location of CpG islands and black boxes indicate potential differentially methylated regions; B. Representative methylation profiles of IG-DMR; C. Repeat sequences of IG-DMR in cattle; D. Similarity of repetitive sequences within the IG-DMR in pig, sheep, human, mouse and cattle; E. Representative methylation profiles of MEG3-DMR, blue and red boxes are hypermethylated and hypomethylated strands

, figureFileSmall=EoR4VKSuAialyo1rZlzrUQ==, figureFileBig=7ikgeOYrxcaMQ7NuSkdhqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282234612929127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=CN, label=图2, caption=牛胎盘中的IG-DMR和MEG3-DMR

A.牛胎盘中IG-DMR、MEG3-DMR及相关CpG岛的位置,绿色方框表示CpG岛,黑色方框表示潜在的差异甲基化区;B.IG-DMR代表性甲基化图谱;C.牛中IG-DMR内重复序列;D.猪、羊、人、鼠和牛中IG-DMR内重复序列相似比;E.MEG3-DMR代表性甲基化图谱,蓝色框为高甲基化链,红色框为低甲基化链

, figureFileSmall=EoR4VKSuAialyo1rZlzrUQ==, figureFileBig=7ikgeOYrxcaMQ7NuSkdhqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282234692620904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Location and methylation status of DLK1-DMR, DLK1-DMR0 and DLK1-DMR1

A. The location of DMRs and associated CpG islands of the DLK1 gene in bovine placenta; B. Representative methylation profiles of DLK1-DMR; C. Representative methylation profiles of DLK1-DMR1; D. Representative methylation profiles of DLK1-DMR0

, figureFileSmall=YjKtkUqfDNsUDZzztrJw/g==, figureFileBig=U+0osokNa99guseaDZTUAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282234793284201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=CN, label=图3, caption=DLK1-DMR、DLK1-DMR0和DLK1-DMR1的位置和甲基化状态

A.牛胎盘中DLK1基因DMRs及相关CpG岛的位置;B.DLK1-DMR代表性甲基化图谱;C.DLK1-DMR1代表性甲基化图谱;D.DLK1-DMR0代表性甲基化图谱

, figureFileSmall=YjKtkUqfDNsUDZzztrJw/g==, figureFileBig=U+0osokNa99guseaDZTUAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282234902336106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Location and methylation status of MEG8-DMR in bovine placenta and MEG8-DMR in the mouse

A.The location of MEG8-DMR and associated CpG islands in bovine placenta; B. MEG8-DMR in the mouse, the yellow boxes are CTCFBS, the brown boxes are repetitive sequences

, figureFileSmall=i1hszc1YXHiIiLHiHS2c2g==, figureFileBig=aHtwyHyWsOnvzRT1i2322g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282235007193707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=CN, label=图4, caption=牛胎盘中MEG8-DMR的位置、甲基化状态和小鼠中的MEG8-DMR

A.牛胎盘中MEG8-DMR及相关CpG岛的位置;B.小鼠中的MEG8-DMR,黄色框为CTCFBS,棕色框为重复序列

, figureFileSmall=i1hszc1YXHiIiLHiHS2c2g==, figureFileBig=aHtwyHyWsOnvzRT1i2322g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282235107857004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Location and methylation status of MEG9-DMR in bovine placenta

A. The location of MEG9-DMR and associated CpG islands in bovine placenta; B. Representative methylation profiles of MEG9-DMR

, figureFileSmall=AoUv8wjBhEY/UgyM66dpAQ==, figureFileBig=KcSekV83DRYdgcu7gqyW3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282235195937389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=CN, label=图5, caption=牛胎盘中MEG9-DMR的位置和甲基化状态

A.牛胎盘中MEG9-DMR及相关CpG岛的位置;B.MEG9-DMR代表性甲基化图谱

, figureFileSmall=AoUv8wjBhEY/UgyM66dpAQ==, figureFileBig=KcSekV83DRYdgcu7gqyW3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282235288212078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Location and methylation status of DIO3-DMR1 and DIO3-DMR2 in bovine placenta

A. The location of DMRs and associated CpG islands at the DIO3 gene in bovine placenta; B, C. Representative methylation profiles of DIO3-DMR1 and DIO3-DMR2

, figureFileSmall=qoaNn9AMI6zU+ZmVxsqsAg==, figureFileBig=9MB6v5LA4Xz8pzTypGNkcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282235409846895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=CN, label=图6, caption=牛胎盘中DIO3-DMR1和DIO3-DMR2的位置和甲基化状态

A.牛胎盘中DIO3基因处DMRs及相关CpG岛的位置;B、C.DIO3-DMR1和DIO3-DMR2代表性甲基化图谱

, figureFileSmall=qoaNn9AMI6zU+ZmVxsqsAg==, figureFileBig=9MB6v5LA4Xz8pzTypGNkcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282235527287408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=EN, label=Table1, caption=

Imprinting status of genes within the DLK1-DIO3 region in the placenta

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

基因

Gene

SNPcDNA

父本基因型

Paternal genotype

母本基因型

Maternal genotype

等位基因表达状态

Allelic expression status

胎盘

Placenta

DLK1rs441687483(G/A)GG/GG/A父源等位基因表达胎盘2
rs109727539(T/A)AT/AT/A单等位基因表达胎盘3
rs110780260(T/C)TT/CT/C单等位基因表达胎盘3
MEG3rs211035616(G/A)AG/GA/A母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs443104416(C/A)CC/CC/A母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs135147011(G/A)AG/GG/A母源等位基因表达胎盘2
rs209955636(T/C)TT/CT/C单等位基因表达胎盘3
rs41585323(T/C)TT/CT/C单等位基因表达胎盘3
rs41986828(T/C)CT/CT/C单等位基因表达胎盘3
rs110532849(T/G)TT/GT/G单等位基因表达胎盘3
RTL1rs110501981(T/C)TT/CC/C单等位基因表达胎盘2
MEG8rs135792171(T/C)CT/CC/C母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs110809274(C/A)CA/AC/C母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs109919364(T/G)GT/TG/G母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs110409555(T/C)TC/CT/T母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs110250660(A/G)GA/AG/G母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs109610722(T/C)CT/TC/C母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs110138805(G/A)AG/GA/A母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs109253505(T/C)TC/CT/T母源等位基因表达胎盘1
MEG9rs454917639(A/G)AG/AA/A母源等位基因表达胎盘1
DIO3rs109784396(T/G)TT/GT/G单等位基因表达胎盘1
rs109735089(G/A)GG/GG/A父源等位基因表达胎盘2
), ArticleFig(id=1307282235640533617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

胎盘中DLK1-DIO3区域内基因的印记状态

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

基因

Gene

SNPcDNA

父本基因型

Paternal genotype

母本基因型

Maternal genotype

等位基因表达状态

Allelic expression status

胎盘

Placenta

DLK1rs441687483(G/A)GG/GG/A父源等位基因表达胎盘2
rs109727539(T/A)AT/AT/A单等位基因表达胎盘3
rs110780260(T/C)TT/CT/C单等位基因表达胎盘3
MEG3rs211035616(G/A)AG/GA/A母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs443104416(C/A)CC/CC/A母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs135147011(G/A)AG/GG/A母源等位基因表达胎盘2
rs209955636(T/C)TT/CT/C单等位基因表达胎盘3
rs41585323(T/C)TT/CT/C单等位基因表达胎盘3
rs41986828(T/C)CT/CT/C单等位基因表达胎盘3
rs110532849(T/G)TT/GT/G单等位基因表达胎盘3
RTL1rs110501981(T/C)TT/CC/C单等位基因表达胎盘2
MEG8rs135792171(T/C)CT/CC/C母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs110809274(C/A)CA/AC/C母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs109919364(T/G)GT/TG/G母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs110409555(T/C)TC/CT/T母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs110250660(A/G)GA/AG/G母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs109610722(T/C)CT/TC/C母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs110138805(G/A)AG/GA/A母源等位基因表达胎盘1
rs109253505(T/C)TC/CT/T母源等位基因表达胎盘1
MEG9rs454917639(A/G)AG/AA/A母源等位基因表达胎盘1
DIO3rs109784396(T/G)TT/GT/G单等位基因表达胎盘1
rs109735089(G/A)GG/GG/A父源等位基因表达胎盘2
), ArticleFig(id=1307282235820888690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

DMRs within the DLK1-DIO3 imprinted domain in bovine placenta

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

DMRs名称

Name of DMRs

染色体上位置

The position on chromosome

基因上位置

The position on genes

高甲基化链甲基化率/%

Methylationrate of hypermethylated chains

低甲基化链甲基化率/%

Methylationrate of hypomethylated chains

甲基化差异率/%

Methylation difference rate

IG-DMRchr21:65 708 298-65 714 157DLK1基因与MEG3基因间1000100
MEG3-DMRchr21:65 721 981-65 726 571MEG3基因启动子区1000100
DLK1-DMRchr21:65 633 118-65 634 647DLK1基因3′末端1000100
DLK1-DMR0chr21:65 609 912-65 610 655DLK1基因启动子区1000100
DLK1-DMR1chr21:65 621 774-65 622 939DLK1基因启动子区1000100
MEG8-DMRchr21:65 799 513-65 800 104MEG8基因内源693.3093.3
MEG9-DMRchr21:65 955 048-65 955 286MEG9基因启动子区1008.391.7
DIO3-DMR1chr21:66 464 165-66 464 578MEG9基因与DIO3基因间1000100
DIO3-DMR2chr21:66 485 972-66 486 308MEG9基因与DIO3基因间81.8081.8
), ArticleFig(id=1307282235967689331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

胎盘中DLK1-DIO3印记区域内的DMRs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

DMRs名称

Name of DMRs

染色体上位置

The position on chromosome

基因上位置

The position on genes

高甲基化链甲基化率/%

Methylationrate of hypermethylated chains

低甲基化链甲基化率/%

Methylationrate of hypomethylated chains

甲基化差异率/%

Methylation difference rate

IG-DMRchr21:65 708 298-65 714 157DLK1基因与MEG3基因间1000100
MEG3-DMRchr21:65 721 981-65 726 571MEG3基因启动子区1000100
DLK1-DMRchr21:65 633 118-65 634 647DLK1基因3′末端1000100
DLK1-DMR0chr21:65 609 912-65 610 655DLK1基因启动子区1000100
DLK1-DMR1chr21:65 621 774-65 622 939DLK1基因启动子区1000100
MEG8-DMRchr21:65 799 513-65 800 104MEG8基因内源693.3093.3
MEG9-DMRchr21:65 955 048-65 955 286MEG9基因启动子区1008.391.7
DIO3-DMR1chr21:66 464 165-66 464 578MEG9基因与DIO3基因间1000100
DIO3-DMR2chr21:66 485 972-66 486 308MEG9基因与DIO3基因间81.8081.8
), ArticleFig(id=1307282236089324148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=EN, label=Table3, caption=

The methylation status of CpG islands without DMRs in the DLK1-DIO3 imprinted region

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

染色体上位置

The position on chromosome

CpG岛

CpG islands

基因上位置

The position on genes

甲基化状态

Methylation status

chr21: 65 608 823-65 609 056CpG: 19DLK1基因上游高
chr21: 65 625 869-65 627 121CpG: 110DLK1基因5′端低
chr21: 65 669 308-65 669 954CpG: 46DLK1和MEG3基因间高
chr21: 65 670 829-65 671 044CpG: 19DLK1和MEG3基因间高
chr21: 65 701 370-65 701 641CpG: 23DLK1和MEG3 基因间高
chr21: 65 778 434-65 781 946CpG: 220RTL1和MEG8基因上高
chr21: 65 807 941-65 808 170CpG: 22MEG8基因间上高
chr21: 65 961 272-65 961 510CpG: 22MEG9基因下游低
chr21: 66 490 150-66 490 492CpG: 27DIO3基因上游低
chr21: 6 692 442-66 498 353CpG: 525DIO3基因上低
), ArticleFig(id=1307282236240319093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013422151913841, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

DLK1-DIO3印记区域内无差异甲基化区的CpG岛甲基化状态

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

染色体上位置

The position on chromosome

CpG岛

CpG islands

基因上位置

The position on genes

甲基化状态

Methylation status

chr21: 65 608 823-65 609 056CpG: 19DLK1基因上游高
chr21: 65 625 869-65 627 121CpG: 110DLK1基因5′端低
chr21: 65 669 308-65 669 954CpG: 46DLK1和MEG3基因间高
chr21: 65 670 829-65 671 044CpG: 19DLK1和MEG3基因间高
chr21: 65 701 370-65 701 641CpG: 23DLK1和MEG3 基因间高
chr21: 65 778 434-65 781 946CpG: 220RTL1和MEG8基因上高
chr21: 65 807 941-65 808 170CpG: 22MEG8基因间上高
chr21: 65 961 272-65 961 510CpG: 22MEG9基因下游低
chr21: 66 490 150-66 490 492CpG: 27DIO3基因上游低
chr21: 6 692 442-66 498 353CpG: 525DIO3基因上低
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牛胎盘DLK1-DIO3区域的印记及甲基化状态研究
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郑云畅 1 , 侯睿霖 1 , 梁晓贺 1 , 魏子露 1 , 杨利丹 1 , 霍浩楠 1 , 苏硕青 2 , 张萃 1 , 李树静 2 , 李世杰 1
畜牧兽医学报 | 生物技术与繁殖 2026,57(2): 789-800
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畜牧兽医学报 |生物技术与繁殖 2026 , 57 (2) : 789 -800
牛胎盘DLK1-DIO3区域的印记及甲基化状态研究
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郑云畅1 , 侯睿霖1 , 梁晓贺1, 魏子露1, 杨利丹1, 霍浩楠1, 苏硕青2, 张萃1, 李树静2 , 李世杰1
作者信息
  • 1.河北农业大学生命科学学院,保定 071001
  • 2.河北天和肉牛种业有限公司,石家庄 050200
通讯作者:
李树静,主要从事胚胎生物技术研发和推广,E-mail:
李世杰,主要从事动物分子遗传与表观遗传学研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

郑云畅和侯睿霖为同等贡献作者

郑云畅,硕士,主要从事动物分子遗传与表观遗传学研究,E-mail:

侯睿霖,硕士,主要从事动物分子遗传与表观遗传学研究,E-mail:

Analysis of Imprinting and DNA Methylation Status of DLK1-DIO3 Domain in Bovine Placenta
Yunchang ZHENG1 , Ruilin HOU1 , Xiaohe LIANG1, Zilu WEI1, Lidan YANG1, Haonan HUO1, Shuoqing SU2, Cui ZHANG1, Shujing LI2 , Shijie LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Life Science,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China
  • 2.Hebei Tianhe Beef Cattle Seed Industry Co. ,Ltd. ,Shijiazhuang 050200,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LI Shijie, E-mail:
    LI Shujing, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-02-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.019
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旨在研究牛DLK1-DIO3区域的印记状态和DNA差异甲基化区(differentially methylated regions,DMRs)。对3个牛的胎盘、及其亲本进行全基因组测序(whole genome sequencing,WGS),挖掘单核苷酸多态(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)信息;联合转录组测序(RNA-sequencing,RNA-seq)数据,确定基因的印记状态;联合全基因组亚硫酸盐测序(whole genome bisulfite sequencing,WGBS)数据,确定DNA的差异甲基化区。WGS与RNA-seq测序结果联合分析表明,牛MEG3、MEG8和MEG9基因为母源等位基因表达的印记基因,DLK1、RTL1和DIO3基因为父源等位基因表达的印记基因。WGBS数据分析发现,除与人和小鼠保守的Dlk1-DMR、IG-DMR、Gtl2-DMR和Meg8-DMR外,还发现5个新的DMRs,分别为位于DLK1基因上游的DLK1-DMR0和DLK1-DMR1、MEG9启动子区域的MEG9-DMR及DIO3上游的DIO3-DMR1和DIO3-DMR2。上述结果表明,DLK1-DIO3印记区域的印记状态和差异甲基化区在牛、人和小鼠中高度保守,此外,新发现了5个DMRs,其对DLK1-DIO3区域的调控机制有待于进一步研究。

DLK1-DIO3印记区域  /  转录组  /  甲基化组  /  牛  /  胎盘

The objective of this study was to investigate the imprinting status and to search for potential DNA differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the DLK1-DIO3 domain in bovine placentas. In this study, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 3 bovine placentas and their parents to mining the informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The imprinting status of genes in the DLK1-DIO3 domain were determined by the combined analysis of WGS and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) results. The DMRs were identified by combination of WGS and whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data. WGS and RNA-seq results showed that MEG3, MEG8 and MEG9 genes were maternally expressed imprinted genes and DLK1, RTL1 and DIO3 genes were paternally expressed imprinted genes. The WGBS data analysis showed that 4 DMRs, Dlk1-DMR, IG-DMR, Gtl2-DMR and Meg8-DMR were conserved in human and mouse, and 5 new DMRs were identified, DLK1-DMR0 and DLK1-DMR1 located upstream of the DLK1 gene, MEG9-DMR in MEG9 promoter region, and DIO3-DMR1 and DIO3-DMR2 located upstream of DIO3 genes, respectively. The results indicate that the imprinted status and differentially methylated regions of bovine DLK1-DIO3 imprinted region are highly conserved to human and mouse. In addition, 5 potential DMRs were identified in bovine DLK1-DIO3 region, and their regulating mechanism on the DLK1-DIO3 imprinted region needs to be further investigated.

DLK1-DIO3 imprinted domain  /  transcriptome  /  methylome  /  bovine  /  placenta
郑云畅, 侯睿霖, 梁晓贺, 魏子露, 杨利丹, 霍浩楠, 苏硕青, 张萃, 李树静, 李世杰. 牛胎盘DLK1-DIO3区域的印记及甲基化状态研究. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (2) : 789 -800 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.019
Yunchang ZHENG, Ruilin HOU, Xiaohe LIANG, Zilu WEI, Lidan YANG, Haonan HUO, Shuoqing SU, Cui ZHANG, Shujing LI, Shijie LI. Analysis of Imprinting and DNA Methylation Status of DLK1-DIO3 Domain in Bovine Placenta[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (2) : 789 -800 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.019
基因组印记(genomic imprinting)是发生在哺乳动物中的一种表观遗传学机制,是指在子代中仅表达来源于亲本一方的等位基因,而另一方不表达或很少表达的现象[1]。这种亲本特异性单等位表达的基因被称为印记基因,是哺乳动物表观遗传学研究的核心内容之一。大多数印记基因成簇存在,受印记控制中心(imprinting control center,ICR)调控,ICR通常含有DNA修饰在亲本等位基因之间存在显著差异的区域,称为DNA差异甲基化区(DNA differentially methylated regions,DMRs)[2]。哺乳动物在配子生成和早期胚胎发育阶段经历2次基因组范围的去甲基化和从头甲基化过程[3],其中在配子形成期获得的差异甲基化区被称为种系DMR(germline DMR,gDMR),gDMR在维持基因组印记中起重要作用,而在受精后形成的体细胞DMR(somatic DMR,sDMR)通常受gDMR的调控[4⁃5]。此外,组蛋白修饰和长非编码RNA等也参与调控基因组印记[6⁃7]。基因组印记在物种间高度保守,目前发现约70个印记基因在人(Homo sapiens)和小鼠(Mus musculus)间保守[8⁃10]。
Dlk1-Dio3区域是哺乳动物基因组中最大的印记簇之一,长约1.2 Mb,物种间高度保守[11]。在小鼠中,Dlk1-Dio3区域在胚胎和胎盘发育、出生后生存及细胞分化过程中发挥重要作用[12]。该域存在3个编码蛋白的父源等位基因(Dlk1、Rtl1/Peg11和Dio3),3个父源等位基因甲基化DMRs(Dlk1-DMR、IG-DMR和Gtl2-DMR),其中,位于Dlk1和Gtl2基因间的IG-DMR(intergenic DMR)是Dlk1-Dio3印记区域的ICR[11];此外,还含有多个母源单等位表达的长非编码RNA(包括Meg3/Gtl2、Meg8/Rian、Meg9/Mirg、anti-Rtl1/Peg11as)及多个microRNA和snoRNA[11],在Meg8基因的内元2上存在一个母源等位基因甲基化的Meg8-DMR[13]。
目前,新一代测序技术飞速发展,全基因组测序(whole-genome sequencing,WGS)、转录组测序(RNA-sequencing,RNA-seq)及全基因组重亚硫酸盐测序(whole genome bisulfite sequencing,WGBS)广泛应用于印记基因研究。WGS与RNA-seq联合分析可高效精准筛选印记基因,确定基因表达状态[14]。WGS与WGBS联合分析可确定亲本甲基化状态及潜在的差异甲基化区[15]。牛(Bos taurus)胚胎发育过程与人类高度相似[16],是研究人类胚胎发育的理想模式生物。胎盘是胚胎发育的第一个器官,负责母体与胎儿间的营养物质交换[17],也是印记基因发生数量最多的器官之一[18]。胎盘发育异常会导致胎儿发育异常、妊娠疾病,甚至妊娠失败[19]。牛胎盘DLK1-DIO3区域印记状态及DNA甲基化调控机制的研究具有重要意义。前期研究了牛DLK1-DIO3区域的GTL2、DIO3、MEG3、MEG8、MEG9、PEG11和多个长非编码RNA基因[20⁃22]的等位基因表达状态,但牛胎盘DLK1-DIO3区域的印记和甲基化状态未被揭示,本研究通过WGS、RNA-seq与WGBS联合分析牛胎盘中DLK1-DIO3区域的印记状态和DMRs,丰富牛基因组印记的研究,并为牛作为模式生物研究人类胚胎和胎盘发育提供理论基础。
3个足月且自然娩出的胎盘(胎盘1、2、3)、对应母牛外周血液(血液1、2、3)及用于人工授精的公牛精液(精子1、2、3)采集于保定市某养殖场。样品采集后运回试验室-80 ℃冰箱保存备用。本研究中涉及的动物试验符合河北农业大学农业研究动物保护委员会的相关法规(编号14021)。
使用DNA提取试剂盒(翌圣生物,上海)提取牛胎盘、精子和血液的DNA,1.5%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测样品完整性,超微量分光光度计检测样品浓度和质量。
Covaris破碎仪(Covaris,美国)将DNA切割为长度约350 bp的片段,将DNA片段末端修复为平末端,最后通过T4 DNA连接酶将Illumina测序接头连接至DNA文库的两端。Agencourt SPRIselect核酸片段筛选试剂盒(Beckman Coulter,美国)筛选原始DNA文库,通过PCR富集DNA文库,qPCR和Agilent 5400系统(Agilent,美国)检测DNA文库质量。在Illumina平台(美国)PE 150(Pair end 150 bp)测序PCR产物,BWA软件(参数:mem-t 4-k 32-M)[23]对比牛参考基因组,SAMTOOLS软件去除重复数据,检测单个SNP[24]。统计的SNP读数数量在3~1 000个,且质量值(Mapping Quality,MQ)不低于20。
使用RNA提取试剂盒(翌圣生物,上海)提取牛胎盘总RNA,琼脂糖凝胶电泳和超微量分光光度计检测样品的质量和浓度。Oligo dT磁珠富集mRNA,随机六聚体引物合成cDNA链,建立cDNA文库。cDNA文库稀释至1.5 ng·μL-1,Agilent 2 100 bioanalyzer和qRT-PCR筛选长度合格的片段进行测序。fastp软件(fastp 0.23.1)筛选raw reads,HISAT2(版本v2.0.5)软件对比牛参考基因组。每个胎盘进行3次平行的RNA-seq。
用WGS和RNA-seq结果联合分析DLK1-DIO3区域内基因的印记状态。通过胎盘、精子和卵母细胞WGS结果中SNP区分等位基因,通过RNA-seq结果中SNP位点处reads确定基因印记状态,RNA-seq结果中SNP位点处reads应大于20个。将基因的父本reads和母本reads分别合并统计,通过二项式检验和BH校正(P<0.05)分析等位基因表达差异。父源表达的基因为平均母源表达的resds数量低于总reads数量的35%,与之相反为母源表达的基因。最后通过IGV软件查看所有测序结果,并进行分析。
Covaris超声破碎仪将基因组DNA打断为长度约300 bp的片段,DNA重亚硫酸盐转化试剂盒(天根,北京)处理DNA。Agilent 5 400系统评估文库质量,qPCR进行文库定量,对浓度大于1.5 nmol·L-1的文库在Illumina测序平台上双端测序。FastQC(fastqc_v 0.11.8)和fastp软件评估、检测和过滤raw reads,Bismark软件(0.24.0版)[25]将reads对比到参考基因组(-X 700-dovetail),经FDR校正(P<0.05)。DSS软件(2.12.0版)[26]分析DMR,DMR标准是:300 bp片段中CpGs大于10个,且组间甲基化差异大于0.5。对牛胎盘进行3次平行WGBS试验。
本试验中的组学测序均由诺禾致源(北京)完成。
通过WGS和RNA-seq联合分析了DLK1-DIO3区域内6个基因(DLK1、RTL1、DIO3、MEG3、MEG8和MEG9)在牛胎盘中的印记状态(图1A)。在牛胎盘WGS测序结果中,DLK1、RTL1和DIO3基因编码序列上分别有3、1和2个SNPs位点,在RNA-seq数据中,3个基因均呈现单等位基因表达,亲本基因型确定DLK1、RTL1和DIO3基因为父源等位基因表达(图1B、C、D)。
MEG3基因中有7个SNPs位点,其中3个SNPs位点(rs211035616、rs443104416和rs135147011)根据亲本的基因型确定MEG3为母源等位基因表达(图1E)。MEG8基因存在55个SNPs位点,胎盘1、2和3中分别具有33、16、和6个,根据SNP的亲本基因型,确定MEG8基因为母源等位基因表达,图1F中仅列出3个SNPs的测序结果。MEG9基因仅在胎盘1中有1个SNP位点(rs454917639,A/G),其父母亲本基因型分别为G/A和A/A,确定MEG9基因为母源等位基因表达(图1G)。6个基因上SNPs位点的序列号、亲本基因型及等位基因表达状态见表1,MEG8基因的55个SNPs位点仅列出8个。
在UCSC(https://genome.ucsc.edu)数据库中,牛DLK1与MEG3基因间存在8个CpG岛(图2A),分析其WGBS数据,发现1个长度为5 860 bp的DMR位于DLK1和MEG3基因之间,覆盖CpG: 23(chr21: 65 709 569-65 709 831)和CpG: 16(chr21: 65 713 651-65 713 868),包含215个CG位点(图2B)。在人、小鼠、猪和羊中,IG-DMR均具有典型重复序列。分析该DMR序列,发现包括20个核心序列为GCCAGTTGCCCGCGGTCC的重复序列(图2C),其与羊和猪的核心序列相似性最高(63.64%),与人和鼠的相似性分别为54.55%和50.00%(图2D),提示该差异甲基化区为牛的IG-DMR。
在人和小鼠中,MEG3-DMR位于MEG3基因上游的启动子区,在WGBS数据中,MEG3基因上游1 234 bp处,有一个长度为4 591 bp(chr21: 65 721 981-65 726 571),包含253个CG位点的DMR(图2E),其包含了CpG: 52(chr21: 65 723 879-65 724 532)、CpG: 45(chr21: 65 725 257-65 725 843)和CpG: 28(chr21: 65 726 242-65 726 578)(图2A),提示该差异甲基化区为牛的MEG3-DMR。IG-DMR与MEG3-DMR存在甲基化率为100%的高甲基化链以及甲基化率为0%的低甲基化链,两条链的甲基化水平差异率为100%(表2)。另外的3个CpG岛(CpG: 46、CpG: 19和CpG: 23)在牛胎盘中均为高甲基化状态(表3)。
在UCSC数据库中,DLK1基因内部及上下游存在5个CpG岛,其中CpG: 19(chr21: 65 608 823-65 609 056)和CpG: 47(chr21: 65 609 728-65 610 458)位于DLK1基因上游的17 306 bp和15 904 bp处;CpG: 110(chr21: 65 625 869-65 627 121)和CpG: 51(chr21: 65 633 383-65 633 937)位于DLK1基因5′端和3′末端;CpG: 16(chr21: 65 634 588-65 634 803)位于DLK1基因下游117 bp处。此外,MethPrimer软件预测到1个长度为108 bp,包括6个CpGs的CpG岛(CpG: 6),位于DLK1基因启动子区chr21: 65 621 980-65 622 087处(图3A)。
WGBS数据发现,位于DLK1基因3′末端的CpG: 51和基因下游的CpG: 16亲本间存在差异甲基化链,且差异甲基化率高于50%(图3B),其位置与人和小鼠的DLK1-DMR一致,提示该DMR为牛的DLK1-DMR,长度为1 530 bp,包括92个CpG位点。
CpG: 47和CpG: 6存在甲基化水平有显著差异的两条链,命名为DLK1-DMR1和DLK1-DMR0,其中DLK1-DMR1长度为744 bp,包含44个CG,DLK1-DMR0长度为1 166 bp,包含39个CG,分别位于DLK1基因上游15 707 bp(图3C)和3 423 bp处(图3D)。DLK1-DMR、DLK1-DMR1和DLK1-DMR0等位基因间的差异甲基化率列于表2。CpG: 19和CpG: 110分别呈现高和低甲基化状态(表3)。
MEG8基因内部和上游存在3个CpG岛,分别是位于MEG8基因启动子区的CpG: 220(chr21: 65 778 434-65 781 946)、内含子6中的CpG: 64(chr21: 65 799 107-65 799 898)和内含子7中的CpG: 22(chr21: 65 807 941-65 808 170)(图4A)。WGBS数据显示,CpG: 220和CpG: 22均为高甲基化状态(表3),CpG: 64内部及其下游chr21: 65 799 513-65 800 104位置存在差异甲基化链,其中高甲基化链的甲基化率为93.3%,低甲基化链的甲基化率为0%(表2),推断该区域为MEG8-DMR,全长592 bp,包含53个CG。在鼠中,Meg8-DMR全长664 bp,包含26个CG,存在1个CTCF结合位点(CTCF-BSs)CTCFBS3(GTGCCACAAGGGGGCTGCCT)及(GGCG)n重复序列(图4B),牛的MEG8-DMR亦存在1个CTCFBS2(AGCCCAGGGGAGGGCGCGGG)和(GCG)n的重复序列(图4A),与小鼠的MEG8-DMR具有保守的特征。
CpG: 21(chr21:65 955 048-65 955 286)和CpG: 22(chr21:65 961 272-65 961 510)位于MEG9基因上游及下游(图5A)。CpG: 21等位基因间存在差异甲基化链,甲基化率差异为91.7%(表2),命名为MEG9-DMR,其长度为239 bp,包含21个CG(图5B)。CpG: 22为低甲基化状态(表3)。
DIO3基因内部及上游有4个CpG岛,位于基因上游的CpG: 29(chr21: 66 464 257-66 464 578)和CpG: 17(chr21: 66 486 106-66 486 308)存在DMRs,命名为DIO3-DMR1和DIO3-DMR2(图6A)。DIO3-DMR1位于DIO3基因上游29 819 bp处,长度为414 bp,包含32个CG(图6B)。DIO3-DMR2位于DIO3基因上游8 089 bp处,长度为337 bp,包含20个CG(图6C)。此外,DIO3上游的CpG: 27和DIO3基因内部的CpG: 525为低甲基化状态(表3)。
印记基因在胎盘发育、胚胎生长以及多种疾病发生中发挥关键作用,母源印记基因表达异常会导致胎儿发育异常,妊娠女性发生高血压、蛋白尿、子痫等妊娠疾病[27];父源印记基因表达异常会导致癌症和肿瘤等疾病的发生[28]。比较不同物种间的基因组印记有助于理解基因组印记的进化理论和生物学意义。Dlk1-Dio3区域是哺乳动物中最大的印记区域之一,位于人14号染色体、鼠12号染色体,Dlk1-Dio3印记区域不仅在胚胎和胎盘发育中起重要作用,还与诱导多能干细胞及克隆胚胎的发育密切相关[12]。在人和小鼠中该区域内Dlk1、Rtl1和Dio3为母源印记基因,Meg3、Meg8和Meg9等为父源印记基因[11]。本研究通过WGS和RNA-seq联合分析,确定了DLK1、RTL1和DIO3基因在牛中为父源等位基因表达,而MEG3、MEG8和MEG9基因为母源等位基因表达,与人和鼠中的印记状态一致,说明DLK1-DIO3印记区域在进化过程中高度保守。
SNP是基因组中最常见的遗传变异类型,基于SNP的RT-PCR直接测序法鉴定印记基因技术简单便捷,但效率较低,无法满足从基因组范围寻找更多的印记基因。全基因组测序可获得大量的SNP信息[29]。本研究通过对胎盘进行全基因组测序,在DLK1-DIO3区域的DLK1、RTL1、DIO3、MEG3、MEG8和MEG9基因中发现了有效的SNP位点,为鉴定基因的印记状态奠定了基础。
在人和小鼠中,存在3个父源等位基因甲基化的DMRs,Dlk1-DMR、IG-DMR和Gtl2-DMR[11]。本研究通过牛胎盘WGBS数据分析,确定了牛中DLK1-DMR、IG-DMR和GTL2-DMR的位置和长度,DLK1-DMR、IG-DMR和GTL2-DMR分别位于DLK1基因3′末端及其下游、DLK1与MEG3基因间和MEG3基因启动子区,与人和小鼠中一致。IG-DMR是DLK1-DIO3印记区域的印记调控区[30⁃31],人、小鼠、羊和猪的IG-DMR内分别存在9、7、16个和13个重复序列[21]。本研究中鉴定的牛IG-DMR区域内存在20个重复序列,重复序列与人、小鼠、羊和猪的重复序列相似性大于50%,说明DLK1-DIO3区域的印记调控区在物种间高度保守。
在小鼠的Dlk1-Dio3印记区域,Meg8-DMR为第1个鉴定的母源等位基因发生甲基化的DMR,位于MEG8基因内含子2中[13,32],包含CTCF结合位点及重复序列。Meg8-DMR与CTCF结合位点的缺失会增加细胞迁移和侵袭,并抑制细胞的增殖[33]。Meg8-DMR作为一个远程调控元件,缺失导致microRNAs表达上调[13]。在人大脑中,Meg8-DMR甲基化水平随年龄增长而升高,且与Temple综合征患者智力的发展有关[13]。本研究确定了牛MEG8-DMR位于MEG8基因的内含子6,存在CTCF结合位点及(GCG)n重复序列,其特征与人和小鼠高度保守。
此外,在牛DLK1-DIO3印记区域还发现了5个新的DMRs,DLK1-DMR0、DLK1-DMR1、MEG9-DMR、DIO3-DMR1和DIO3-DMR2。在小鼠中,Dlk1基因启动子区也存在1个差异甲基化区(Dlk1-DMR0),位于Dlk1基因上游7.4 kb处[34],牛DLK1-DMR0与小鼠Dlk1-DMR0物理位置相似,其余DMRs在其他物种中尚未见报道。这5个DMRs如何调控DLK1-DIO3区域印记基因的表达还需进一步研究。
牛MEG3、MEG8和MEG9为父源印记基因,DLK1、RTL1和DIO3为母源印记基因;4个DMRs(DLK1-DMR、IG-DMR、MEG3-DMR和MEG8-DMR)与人和小鼠中高度保守,此外还包括5个新发现的DMRs。
  • 河北省自然科学基金(C2023204145)
  • 河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HBCT2024240206)
  • 河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HBCT2024240101)
  • 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(246Z2914G)
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2026年第57卷第2期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.019
  • 接收时间:2025-06-16
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-02-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-16
基金
河北省自然科学基金(C2023204145)
河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HBCT2024240206)
河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HBCT2024240101)
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(246Z2914G)
作者信息
    1.河北农业大学生命科学学院,保定 071001
    2.河北天和肉牛种业有限公司,石家庄 050200

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李树静,主要从事胚胎生物技术研发和推广,E-mail:
李世杰,主要从事动物分子遗传与表观遗传学研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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