Article(id=1307013284448728041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.025, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1739462400000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545850144, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1771776000000, pubDateStr=2026-02-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545850144, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545850144, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545850144, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013104081068276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='2', pageStart='569', pageEnd='1176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771776000000', pubDateStr='2026-02-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545807142, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609910854, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281975350419753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281975350419754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=861, endPage=872, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013286130643946, articleId=1307013284448728041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Effects of Moutai Distiller’s Dried Grains on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Intestinal Health in Growing-finishing Pigs, columnId=1307007400746176631, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=ANIMAL NUTRITION AND FEEDS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Moutai dried distiller’s grains (MDDG) on growth performance, nutrient apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), meat quality, serum immunity and antioxidant function, and intestinal health in growing-finishing pigs. And find out the suitable addition ratio. A total of 389 healthy Duroc × Landrace × Large White growing-finishing pigs with body-weights about 97 kg were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments consisting of 4 replicates with 31 to 34 pigs per replicate. The control group was fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, the other two groups were fed the diet with 5% and 10% MDDG supplementation which replacing a portion of corn, soybean meal and wheat bran, with equal energy and nitrogen to the basal diet. The experiment lasted for 44 d. The results showed as follows: 1) Compared with the control group, the average daily feed intake and average daily gain in 10% MDDG group increased by 5.37% and 4.61%, respectively. In addition, the mortality rate in 10% MDDG group was decreased by 0.78% compared with the control group. The inclusion of 10% MDDG decreased the meat production cost by 0.02 yuan per kg, but the difference is not significant (P>0.05). 2) A reduction in ATTD of crude protein, crude ash and calcium was observed with 10% MDDG inclusion (P<0.05). MDDG inclusion up to 10% showed a decreasing trend of ATTD of phosphorus (P<0.1). MDDG inclusion up to 10% had no significant effect on ATTD of crude fat (P>0.05). 3) Compared with control group, inclusion of 5% or 10% MDDG significantly decreased the serum levels of endotoxin, diamine oxidase, and interleukin-6 (P<0.05). The serum content of catalase tended to be increased in the 10% MDDG group (P<0.1). 4) Compared with the control group, inclusion of 10% MDDG had a tendency (P<0.1) to reduce drip loss, while inclusion MDDG in the diet at 5% significantly increased (P<0.05) the redness a* value of longissimus dorsi muscle. 5) Dietary inclusion of 5% or 10% MDDG did not adversely affect the jejunum, liver and spleen histology. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 10% MDDG increases the growth performance, fortifies intestinal barrier function, reduces inflammatory response, improves slaughter traits and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs, which enhances the economic benefits of swine feeding.

, authors=Bowen ZHENG1, Xiaomeng LIU2, Chunqi LU1, Qiuyue FU2, Xiang ZENG1, Youfeng JIANG1, Yingjun LI3, Si GAO2, Shuai WANG2, authorsList=Bowen ZHENG, Xiaomeng LIU, Chunqi LU, Qiuyue FU, Xiang ZENG, Youfeng JIANG, Yingjun LI, Si GAO, Shuai WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Si GAO, Shuai WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
WANG Shuai,E-mail:
GAO Si, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307013287158248433, articleId=1307013284448728041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=CN, title=酱香型干白酒糟对生长育肥猪生长性能、肉品质和肠道健康的影响, columnId=1307007401962524793, journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, columnName=营养与饲料, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

旨在研究日粮中添加酱香型干白酒糟对生长育肥猪生长性能、养分全消化道表观消化率(ATTD)、肉品质、血清免疫及抗氧化功能、肠道健康的影响,明确茅台酱香型干白酒糟在生长育肥猪日粮中的适宜添加比例。本试验采用单因素试验方案,挑选389头体重约97 kg的健康杜×长×大三元杂交育肥猪为研究对象。随机分为3个处理组,每个处理组包含4圈(重复),每圈猪数量在31到34头之间。对照组饲喂以玉米、豆粕为主要成分的基础型日粮,试验组则分别在对照组日粮的基础上添加5%、10%干白酒糟等能等氮替代部分玉米、豆粕和小麦麸皮。试验期为44 d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,日粮添加10%干白酒糟组平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)分别增加了5.37%和4.61%,死淘率比对照组低0.78百分点,造肉成本下降0.02元·kg-1,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);2)与对照组相比,日粮添加10%干白酒糟显著降低了生长育肥猪粗蛋白质、粗灰分和钙的表观消化率(P<0.05),具有降低磷的表观消化率的趋势(P<0.1),对粗脂肪的表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05);3)与对照组相比,日粮添加5%或10%干白酒糟显著降低了生长育肥猪血清中内毒素含量、二胺氧化酶和白介素-6的水平(P<0.05),日粮添加10%干白酒糟具有提高血清中过氧化氢酶含量的趋势(P<0.1);4)与对照组相比,日粮添加10%干白酒糟显示出滴水损失降低的趋势(P<0.1),日粮添加5%干白酒糟显著提高了红度a*值(P<0.05);5)日粮添加5%或10%干白酒糟处理组生长育肥猪空肠黏膜、肝和脾未见明显的形态损伤。综上所述,日粮添加10%干白酒糟可提高生长育肥猪的生长性能、增强肠道屏障功能,减轻炎症反应并改善屠宰性状和肌肉品质,提高养猪经济效益。

, authors=郑博文1, 刘肖萌2, 卢春绮1, 符秋月2, 曾祥1, 江友峰1, 李英俊3, 高思2, 王帅2, authorsList=郑博文, 刘肖萌, 卢春绮, 符秋月, 曾祥, 江友峰, 李英俊, 高思, 王帅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=高思, 王帅, authorNote=

郑博文,工程师,主要从事酿酒副产物的资源化利用研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王帅,主要从事非粮饲料资源开发与高效利用研究,E-mail:
高思,主要从事非粮饲料资源开发与高效利用研究,E-mail:
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broiler chickens challenged with clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis[J].Poult Sci,2013,92(2):370-374., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307282970897834714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张大城,洪玲玲,刘碧凡,等.日粮添加白酒糟酿酒酵母培养物对断奶仔猪生长和肠道结构及功能的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2022,48(04):474-482., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307282971044635355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG D C,HONG L L,LIU B F,et al.Effects of adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture from distiller’s grains in diet on growth,intestinal structure and function of weaned piglets[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),2022,48(04):474–482.(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307282972701385436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王兴东,牟明月,任雅奇,等.茅台酱香型酒糟中总黄酮及总多酚含量的测定[J].中国酿造,2015,34(10):86-90., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307282972793660126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG X D,MOU M Y,REN Y Q,et al.Determination of total flavones and polyphenols contents in Moutai-flavor vinasse[J]China Brewing,2015,34(10):86-90.(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307282957635445398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, awardId=SZYJY2022026, language=CN, fundingSource=华中农业大学-中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所合作基金(SZYJY2022026), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307282945878811200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307282945908171329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, companyId=1307282945878811200, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Kweichow Moutai Distillery (Group) Circular Economy Industrial Investment and Development Co. ,Ltd. ,Zunyi 56300,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307282945924948547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, companyId=1307282945878811200, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.贵州茅台酒厂(集团)循环经济产业投资开发有限公司,遵义 563000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307282946323407428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307282946335990341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, companyId=1307282946323407428, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Animal Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307282946348573254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, companyId=1307282946323407428, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.华中农业大学动物科学技术学院,武汉 430070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307282946424070728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307282946432459337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, companyId=1307282946424070728, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.College of Life Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307282946440847946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, companyId=1307282946424070728, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.华中农业大学生命科学技术学院,武汉 430070)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307282952350622339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Representative photomicrographs of jejunal morphology of growing-finishing pigs fed increasing diet inclusion rates of MDDG (Scale=200 μm), figureFileSmall=+APG3PRTT70jNtYKUFCnIg==, figureFileBig=UWNowaBVfRIBlBS3+uLxGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282952430314116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, language=CN, label=图1, caption=干白酒糟对生长育肥猪空肠绒毛形态结构的影响(比例尺=200 μm), figureFileSmall=+APG3PRTT70jNtYKUFCnIg==, figureFileBig=UWNowaBVfRIBlBS3+uLxGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282952610669189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Representative photomicrographs of the liver and spleen morphology of growing-finishing pigs fed increasing diet inclusion rates of MDDG, figureFileSmall=XOmUY6hEmr9xEaKptMhQLw==, figureFileBig=DgK83ebV1bq8OLvBmflcHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282952677778054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, language=CN, label=图2, caption=干白酒糟对生长育肥猪肝和脾形态结构的影响, figureFileSmall=XOmUY6hEmr9xEaKptMhQLw==, figureFileBig=DgK83ebV1bq8OLvBmflcHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282952744886919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Composition and nutrient content of the experimental diets (as-fed basis)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

项目

Item

对照组

Control

干白酒糟/% MDDG
510
原料 Ingredients
玉米 Corn61.6763.6859.71
面粉(一级) Wheat flour151515
小麦麸(一级) Wheat bran1033
豆粕46% Soybean meal4.854.903.40
菜籽饼 Rapeseed cake444
大豆油 Soybean oil1.150.951.50
石粉 Limestone111
赖氨酸70% Lys0.800.800.84
二水磷酸氢钙20% Hydryoxyapetite0.650.800.75
氯化钠 NaCl0.300.300.20
L-苏氨酸98.5% L-Thr0.210.200.22
L-色氨酸98.5% L-Tyr0.050.050.05
DL蛋氨酸 DL-Met0.040.040.04
缬氨酸 Val0.040.040.05
预混料 Premix1)0.240.240.24
干白酒糟 MDDG0510
合计 Total100.00100.00100.00
价格/(元·t-1) Price2 852.142 822.652 786.59
营养水平2) Nutrient levels
生长猪代谢能/(MJ·kg-1) ME13.7613.5113.26
粗蛋白质 CP13.5113.6713.83
赖氨酸 Lys0.970.970.97
粗纤维 CF1.962.253.07
粗脂肪 EE2.041.912.7
钙 Ca0.60.640.63
总磷 TP0.520.510.5
), ArticleFig(id=1307282952828773000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验日粮组成及营养水平(饲喂基础) (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

项目

Item

对照组

Control

干白酒糟/% MDDG
510
原料 Ingredients
玉米 Corn61.6763.6859.71
面粉(一级) Wheat flour151515
小麦麸(一级) Wheat bran1033
豆粕46% Soybean meal4.854.903.40
菜籽饼 Rapeseed cake444
大豆油 Soybean oil1.150.951.50
石粉 Limestone111
赖氨酸70% Lys0.800.800.84
二水磷酸氢钙20% Hydryoxyapetite0.650.800.75
氯化钠 NaCl0.300.300.20
L-苏氨酸98.5% L-Thr0.210.200.22
L-色氨酸98.5% L-Tyr0.050.050.05
DL蛋氨酸 DL-Met0.040.040.04
缬氨酸 Val0.040.040.05
预混料 Premix1)0.240.240.24
干白酒糟 MDDG0510
合计 Total100.00100.00100.00
价格/(元·t-1) Price2 852.142 822.652 786.59
营养水平2) Nutrient levels
生长猪代谢能/(MJ·kg-1) ME13.7613.5113.26
粗蛋白质 CP13.5113.6713.83
赖氨酸 Lys0.970.970.97
粗纤维 CF1.962.253.07
粗脂肪 EE2.041.912.7
钙 Ca0.60.640.63
总磷 TP0.520.510.5
), ArticleFig(id=1307282952912659081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Impact of MDDG on growth capacity of growing-finishing pigs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 Item

对照组

Control

干白酒糟/% MDDGSEM

P值

P-value

510
初始体重/kg IBW97.5897.9197.551.740.996
末体重/kg FBW133.20131.00134.591.460.643
平均日采食量/(kg·d-1) ADFI2.983.043.140.040.318
平均日增重/(g·d-1) ADG802742839230.238
耗料增重比 F/G3.684.033.690.10.313
死淘率/% Death and culling rate2.332.291.55--
造肉成本/(元·kg-1) Meat production cost10.4811.4410.46--
), ArticleFig(id=1307282954707821194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

干白酒糟对生长育肥猪生长性能的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 Item

对照组

Control

干白酒糟/% MDDGSEM

P值

P-value

510
初始体重/kg IBW97.5897.9197.551.740.996
末体重/kg FBW133.20131.00134.591.460.643
平均日采食量/(kg·d-1) ADFI2.983.043.140.040.318
平均日增重/(g·d-1) ADG802742839230.238
耗料增重比 F/G3.684.033.690.10.313
死淘率/% Death and culling rate2.332.291.55--
造肉成本/(元·kg-1) Meat production cost10.4811.4410.46--
), ArticleFig(id=1307282954791707276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of MDDG on ATTD of nutrients in growing-finishing pigs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 Item

对照组

Control

干白酒糟/% MDDGSEM

P值

P-value

510
粗蛋白质 CP80.90a80.67a74.39b1.00<0.001
粗脂肪 EE84.3384.0081.301.340.643
粗灰分CA39.05a35.67a30.99b1.240.009
钙 Ca58.08a39.36b34.87b3.720.005
磷 P46.40a44.38ab37.17b1.800.075
), ArticleFig(id=1307282955131445902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

干白酒糟对生长育肥猪养分全肠道表观消化率的影响 (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 Item

对照组

Control

干白酒糟/% MDDGSEM

P值

P-value

510
粗蛋白质 CP80.90a80.67a74.39b1.00<0.001
粗脂肪 EE84.3384.0081.301.340.643
粗灰分CA39.05a35.67a30.99b1.240.009
钙 Ca58.08a39.36b34.87b3.720.005
磷 P46.40a44.38ab37.17b1.800.075
), ArticleFig(id=1307282955206943375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of MDDG on serum biochemical indices of growing-finishing pigs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 Items

对照组

Control

干白酒糟/% MDDGSEM

P值

P-value

510
内毒素/(EU·mL-1) Endotoxin6.45a5.36b5.25b0.190.038
二胺氧化酶/(pg·mL-1) DAO124.54a110.69b107.81b1.77<0.001
白介素-6/(pg·mL-1) IL-6540.37a488.91b460.27b11.630.010
白介素-10/(pg·mL-1) IL-1097.96100.287.263.730.332
总超氧化物歧化酶/(U·mL-1) SOD62.3561.4060.131.360.814
过氧化氢酶/(U·mL-1) CAT9.14b10.62ab12.8a0.650.063
), ArticleFig(id=1307282955584430736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

干白酒糟对生长育肥猪血清指标的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 Items

对照组

Control

干白酒糟/% MDDGSEM

P值

P-value

510
内毒素/(EU·mL-1) Endotoxin6.45a5.36b5.25b0.190.038
二胺氧化酶/(pg·mL-1) DAO124.54a110.69b107.81b1.77<0.001
白介素-6/(pg·mL-1) IL-6540.37a488.91b460.27b11.630.010
白介素-10/(pg·mL-1) IL-1097.96100.287.263.730.332
总超氧化物歧化酶/(U·mL-1) SOD62.3561.4060.131.360.814
过氧化氢酶/(U·mL-1) CAT9.14b10.62ab12.8a0.650.063
), ArticleFig(id=1307282955940946577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of MDDG on carcass traits and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 Item

对照组

Control

干白酒糟/% MDDGSEM

P值

P-value

510
屠宰率/% Dressing percentage76.6576.8977.710.420.128
眼肌面积/cm2 Loin eye area38.69b42.59ab47.92a1.360.013
胴体斜长/cm Carcass oblique length85.1383.7586.630.780.274
背膘厚/mm Backfat thickness26.5328.6227.991.000.388
滴水损失/% Drip loss3.723.042.510.220.077
pH24 h6.586.476.490.050.574
大理石纹 Marbling score2.382.502.630.170.848
肉色 Meat color
亮度L* (lightness)43.4943.6045.020.380.217
红度a* (redness)7.72b8.79a8.43ab0.190.045
黄度b* (yellowness)3.834.514.490.150.117
), ArticleFig(id=1307282956419097234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

干白酒糟对生长育肥猪胴体性状和肌肉品质的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 Item

对照组

Control

干白酒糟/% MDDGSEM

P值

P-value

510
屠宰率/% Dressing percentage76.6576.8977.710.420.128
眼肌面积/cm2 Loin eye area38.69b42.59ab47.92a1.360.013
胴体斜长/cm Carcass oblique length85.1383.7586.630.780.274
背膘厚/mm Backfat thickness26.5328.6227.991.000.388
滴水损失/% Drip loss3.723.042.510.220.077
pH24 h6.586.476.490.050.574
大理石纹 Marbling score2.382.502.630.170.848
肉色 Meat color
亮度L* (lightness)43.4943.6045.020.380.217
红度a* (redness)7.72b8.79a8.43ab0.190.045
黄度b* (yellowness)3.834.514.490.150.117
), ArticleFig(id=1307282956490400403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Effects of MDDG on jejunal morphology of growing-finishing pigs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 Item

对照组

Control

干白酒糟/% MDDGSEM

P值

P-value

510
绒毛高度/μm Villi height443.75432.50480.2514.420.385
隐窝深度/μm Crypt depth257.63254.13246.637.720.850
绒毛高度/隐窝深度/(V/C)1.751.711.950.050.140
), ArticleFig(id=1307282956855304853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013284448728041, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

干白酒糟对生长育肥猪空肠绒毛形态的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 Item

对照组

Control

干白酒糟/% MDDGSEM

P值

P-value

510
绒毛高度/μm Villi height443.75432.50480.2514.420.385
隐窝深度/μm Crypt depth257.63254.13246.637.720.850
绒毛高度/隐窝深度/(V/C)1.751.711.950.050.140
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酱香型干白酒糟对生长育肥猪生长性能、肉品质和肠道健康的影响
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郑博文 1 , 刘肖萌 2 , 卢春绮 1 , 符秋月 2 , 曾祥 1 , 江友峰 1 , 李英俊 3 , 高思 2 , 王帅 2
畜牧兽医学报 | 营养与饲料 2026,57(2): 861-872
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畜牧兽医学报 |营养与饲料 2026 , 57 (2) : 861 -872
酱香型干白酒糟对生长育肥猪生长性能、肉品质和肠道健康的影响
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郑博文1 , 刘肖萌2, 卢春绮1, 符秋月2, 曾祥1, 江友峰1, 李英俊3, 高思2 , 王帅2
作者信息
  • 1.贵州茅台酒厂(集团)循环经济产业投资开发有限公司,遵义 563000
  • 2.华中农业大学动物科学技术学院,武汉 430070
  • 3.华中农业大学生命科学技术学院,武汉 430070
通讯作者:
王帅,主要从事非粮饲料资源开发与高效利用研究,E-mail:
高思,主要从事非粮饲料资源开发与高效利用研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

郑博文,工程师,主要从事酿酒副产物的资源化利用研究,E-mail:

Effects of Moutai Distiller’s Dried Grains on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Intestinal Health in Growing-finishing Pigs
Bowen ZHENG1 , Xiaomeng LIU2, Chunqi LU1, Qiuyue FU2, Xiang ZENG1, Youfeng JIANG1, Yingjun LI3, Si GAO2 , Shuai WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.Kweichow Moutai Distillery (Group) Circular Economy Industrial Investment and Development Co. ,Ltd. ,Zunyi 56300,China
  • 2.College of Animal Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China
  • 3.College of Life Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    WANG Shuai,E-mail:
    GAO Si, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-02-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.025
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旨在研究日粮中添加酱香型干白酒糟对生长育肥猪生长性能、养分全消化道表观消化率(ATTD)、肉品质、血清免疫及抗氧化功能、肠道健康的影响,明确茅台酱香型干白酒糟在生长育肥猪日粮中的适宜添加比例。本试验采用单因素试验方案,挑选389头体重约97 kg的健康杜×长×大三元杂交育肥猪为研究对象。随机分为3个处理组,每个处理组包含4圈(重复),每圈猪数量在31到34头之间。对照组饲喂以玉米、豆粕为主要成分的基础型日粮,试验组则分别在对照组日粮的基础上添加5%、10%干白酒糟等能等氮替代部分玉米、豆粕和小麦麸皮。试验期为44 d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,日粮添加10%干白酒糟组平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)分别增加了5.37%和4.61%,死淘率比对照组低0.78百分点,造肉成本下降0.02元·kg-1,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);2)与对照组相比,日粮添加10%干白酒糟显著降低了生长育肥猪粗蛋白质、粗灰分和钙的表观消化率(P<0.05),具有降低磷的表观消化率的趋势(P<0.1),对粗脂肪的表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05);3)与对照组相比,日粮添加5%或10%干白酒糟显著降低了生长育肥猪血清中内毒素含量、二胺氧化酶和白介素-6的水平(P<0.05),日粮添加10%干白酒糟具有提高血清中过氧化氢酶含量的趋势(P<0.1);4)与对照组相比,日粮添加10%干白酒糟显示出滴水损失降低的趋势(P<0.1),日粮添加5%干白酒糟显著提高了红度a*值(P<0.05);5)日粮添加5%或10%干白酒糟处理组生长育肥猪空肠黏膜、肝和脾未见明显的形态损伤。综上所述,日粮添加10%干白酒糟可提高生长育肥猪的生长性能、增强肠道屏障功能,减轻炎症反应并改善屠宰性状和肌肉品质,提高养猪经济效益。

干白酒糟  /  生长育肥猪  /  生长性能  /  肉品质  /  肠道屏障

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Moutai dried distiller’s grains (MDDG) on growth performance, nutrient apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), meat quality, serum immunity and antioxidant function, and intestinal health in growing-finishing pigs. And find out the suitable addition ratio. A total of 389 healthy Duroc × Landrace × Large White growing-finishing pigs with body-weights about 97 kg were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments consisting of 4 replicates with 31 to 34 pigs per replicate. The control group was fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, the other two groups were fed the diet with 5% and 10% MDDG supplementation which replacing a portion of corn, soybean meal and wheat bran, with equal energy and nitrogen to the basal diet. The experiment lasted for 44 d. The results showed as follows: 1) Compared with the control group, the average daily feed intake and average daily gain in 10% MDDG group increased by 5.37% and 4.61%, respectively. In addition, the mortality rate in 10% MDDG group was decreased by 0.78% compared with the control group. The inclusion of 10% MDDG decreased the meat production cost by 0.02 yuan per kg, but the difference is not significant (P>0.05). 2) A reduction in ATTD of crude protein, crude ash and calcium was observed with 10% MDDG inclusion (P<0.05). MDDG inclusion up to 10% showed a decreasing trend of ATTD of phosphorus (P<0.1). MDDG inclusion up to 10% had no significant effect on ATTD of crude fat (P>0.05). 3) Compared with control group, inclusion of 5% or 10% MDDG significantly decreased the serum levels of endotoxin, diamine oxidase, and interleukin-6 (P<0.05). The serum content of catalase tended to be increased in the 10% MDDG group (P<0.1). 4) Compared with the control group, inclusion of 10% MDDG had a tendency (P<0.1) to reduce drip loss, while inclusion MDDG in the diet at 5% significantly increased (P<0.05) the redness a* value of longissimus dorsi muscle. 5) Dietary inclusion of 5% or 10% MDDG did not adversely affect the jejunum, liver and spleen histology. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 10% MDDG increases the growth performance, fortifies intestinal barrier function, reduces inflammatory response, improves slaughter traits and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs, which enhances the economic benefits of swine feeding.

distiller’s dried grains  /  growing-finishing pig  /  growth performance  /  meat quality  /  intestinal barrier
郑博文, 刘肖萌, 卢春绮, 符秋月, 曾祥, 江友峰, 李英俊, 高思, 王帅. 酱香型干白酒糟对生长育肥猪生长性能、肉品质和肠道健康的影响. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (2) : 861 -872 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.025
Bowen ZHENG, Xiaomeng LIU, Chunqi LU, Qiuyue FU, Xiang ZENG, Youfeng JIANG, Yingjun LI, Si GAO, Shuai WANG. Effects of Moutai Distiller’s Dried Grains on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Intestinal Health in Growing-finishing Pigs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (2) : 861 -872 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.025
近年来,饲料原料尤其是蛋白质饲料资源短缺已成为影响我国粮食安全的主要风险因素。饲料粮消费是我国粮食消费的主体,2022年我国养殖业消耗饲料4.54亿吨,约占粮食总消费量的49%,2022年我国大豆进口量为9 108万吨,其中饲用8 024万吨,占比88.1%[1]。另外,我国居民的食物消费结构正在发生升级,特别是动物性食物(如肉类、蛋类和奶制品)的消费量迅速增加,导致饲料粮的需求不断增加,从而使得粮食的生产需求缺口持续扩大。如不采取措施,预计到2030年我国养殖业饲料消费需求总量将比2022年增加3 173万吨,其中豆粕新增需求量将达到698万吨[2]。因此,广辟饲料资源,大力开发“非粮”饲料是我国畜牧业可持续发展的重要战略之一。
我国的酿酒技术世界闻名,酒糟是酒厂酿造酒后的剩余残渣部分,可作为饲料原料应用于畜牧业,并且产量丰富价格便宜。白酒糟是高粱、小麦、玉米等谷物原料经固态发酵传统白酒酿造工艺的副产物。2015—2022年期间,我国白酒年均产量约960万吨,近年来我国白酒糟年均产量在2 000万吨以上[3]。干白酒糟营养物质丰富,粗蛋白质含量高,氨基酸种类齐全,具有良好的饲料营养价值。茅台酱香型白酒的酒糟源自贵州遵义栽培的糯性高粱和小麦,这些原料经由特制的酒曲进行发酵处理,再通过蒸馏提取酒液,最终剩下的固体物质就是酒糟。这种独特的原料与当地的微生物群落之间相互作用,在整个发酵酿造过程中,一起经历了错综复杂的生物学变化,生成有机酸、酚酸、黄酮类和生物碱等功能活性成分[4]。推进干白酒糟饲料化利用,在一定程度上可以缓解我国蛋白质饲料短缺的现状。
酱香型白酒糟是贵州省特色饲料资源,近年来在酒糟饲料化利用方面取得了显著进展,贵州省政府大力扶持白酒糟在各个领域的综合利用,将酒糟饲料化纳入白酒全产业链规划[5]。酱香型酒糟稻壳含量为8%~12%,稻壳中富含木质素、纤维素,对储存时长和营养价值都有较为明显的影响[6]。鲜白酒糟含水量达56%~65%,pH为3~4.5,极易发霉变质,产生过量的真菌毒素,如黄曲霉毒素和呕吐毒素等[7]。酱香型白酒糟的利用方式主要有直接饲喂、干酒糟饲喂和微生物发酵饲喂三种。但是鲜酒糟直接饲喂,不仅降低营养价值,还可能引发动物中毒[8]。通过干燥的方式,可以解决新鲜白酒糟含水量高、易发霉变质的问题,但是烘干后的酒糟,必须严格控制使用量,因为酒糟烘干后其纤维含量会增加,若使用不当,将会影响饲料的营养价值[9]。通过微生物发酵技术处理酒糟生产饲料,可以减少其中的抗营养因子含量,提高酒糟的营养价值和生物利用度[10]。
酒糟可用于保育猪、生长育肥猪、妊娠母猪和哺乳母猪,是猪不同生长阶段所需能量、蛋白质和磷等主要养分的优质来源。猪饲料中酒糟的最大添加量在猪的不同生长发育阶段有所差异,生长猪(18~54 kg)、育肥猪、后备母猪、妊娠母猪、哺乳母猪和公猪饲料中酒糟的最大推荐添加量分别为15%、20%、20%、50%、20%和50%[10]。杨连玉和秦贵信[12]使用18%的酒糟替代育肥猪日粮中的豆粕和玉米,对生长性能、饲料转化效率没有显著影响,但改善了屠宰率和胴体品质。张洁等[13]发现,日粮中添加5%的茅台酱香型酒糟具有提高生长猪日增重和改善饲料转化效率的趋势。由于酿酒工艺和原料的不同,导致不同来源的酒糟营养成分差异很大,因此,新的酒糟产品在生猪养殖应用过程中需确定其在日粮中的适宜添加量。本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加茅台酱香型干白酒糟(Moutai dried distiller’s grains,MDDG)对97 kg左右生长育肥猪生长性能、肉品质和肠道健康的影响,明确茅台酱香型干白酒糟在生长育肥猪日粮中的适宜添加比例,对实现白酒糟资源化高效利用、发展节粮型畜牧养殖业和推动酿酒产业良性循环经济发展具有重要指导意义。
试验用的酱香型干白酒糟由贵州茅台酒厂(集团)循环经济产业投资开发有限公司提供,以茅台酒糟为原料,采用连续多级低温干燥工艺技术精制而成,呈棕色或棕褐色粉末状,有独特的糟香,无异臭味,无结块和发霉变质,其主要常规营养成分(风干基础):粗蛋白质24.25%、粗纤维14.48%、粗脂肪7.52%、粗灰分5.99%、水分12.13%、钙0.31%、磷0.55%、赖氨酸0.74%和蛋氨酸0.40%,主要真菌毒素含量:黄曲霉毒素B1 16.05 μg·kg-1、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇36.74 μg·kg-1和玉米赤霉烯酮56.23 μg·kg-1,均符合《饲料卫生标准》(GB 13078—2017)所规定的霉菌毒素含量。
以体重97 kg±8 kg的健康杜×长×大三元杂交育肥猪为研究对象,将389头猪随机分到3个处理组,各处理组包括4圈(重复),每圈饲喂猪31到34头之间,试验期为44 d。对照组采用玉米-豆粕型基础日粮进行饲喂,基于干白酒糟的营养特性、抗营养因子含量及其对动物生理代谢的影响进行综合评估,试验组分别在对照组日粮基础上添加5%、10%干白酒糟,等能等氮替代部分玉米、豆粕和小麦麸皮。基础日粮参考NRC2012[14]标准配制。各处理组日粮组成和营养水平见表1。
试验在贵州省贵阳市息烽县富之源农业发展有限公司猪场进行。本研究所述的试验流程已依据华中农业大学关于试验动物伦理与使用规范的要求,获得了正式批准(批准编号:HZAUSW-2024-0063)。采用乳头式饮水器饮水,按照各处理组试验设计的日粮饲喂,自由采食和饮水。按猪场常规方式进行饲养管理,并定期对圈舍和周围环境进行消毒。
试验开始和结束时,禁食12 h,上午对猪进行称重,统计数据,计算平均日增重、平均日采食量、耗料增重比及死亡淘率。计算公式为:平均日增重=(末体重-初始体重)/试验时间;平均日采食量=采食量/试验时间;耗料增重比=耗料量/体增重;死淘率(%)=试验期间死亡和淘汰生长育肥猪头数/试验初始生长育肥猪头数×100。
试验结束前3天,每天上午于圈舍内采集粪便样品,持续3 d,不同处理组的每一重复都需收集约200 g样品于自封袋内,加入50 mL的10%酒石酸溶液混合均匀后密封处理,用四分法取样步骤收集不同处理组的日粮约500 g于自封袋内,-20 ℃保存。将收集的以上样品放置烘箱内,在65 ℃的温度条件下连续烘干持续烘干72 h,随后,在室温环境下静置冷却24 h,进行粉碎处理,并通过40目筛网过滤。最后将样品密封并存放于通风良好且阴凉环境处,以备后续检测。
采用内源指示剂法测定养分表观消化率,酸不溶灰分作为指示剂。对于饲料和粪便样品中测定的干物质含量、粗蛋白质含量、粗脂肪含量、粗灰分含量、钙含量、磷含量分别参照GB/T 6435—2014、GB/T 6432—2018、GB/T 6433—2006、GB/T 6438—2007、GB/T 6436—2002、GB/T 6437—2002方法,酸不溶灰分的测定遵循国家标准《饲料中盐酸不溶灰分的测定》(GB/T 23742—2009)。养分表观消化率的计算,采用以下公式:
养分表观消化率(%)=100×[1-(粪便中该养分含量/饲料中该养分含量)×(饲粮中盐酸不溶灰分含量)/(粪便中盐酸不溶灰分含量)]
饲养试验结束当天下午停止饲喂,空腹12 h后,各处理组从每个重复中随机选取2头,总共24头猪。使用套猪绳固定猪只,从其前腔静脉用抗凝采血管抽取血液,随后进行离心处理以获得血清样品,-20 ℃冰箱保存。血清中的内毒素、二胺氧化酶、IL-6和IL-10含量使用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)试剂盒测定(上海酶联生物科技有限公司)。使用南京建成试剂盒测定血清中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。
在饲养试验完成后,每个重复随机挑选2头猪进行屠宰,共计24头。在屠宰前12 h内停止饲喂使其保持空腹。当放血屠宰流程完毕后,需要将猪的头、蹄、尾和内脏去除(保留肾和板油)。随后,沿背中线把猪剖分成对等两半。屠宰率、胴体斜长、眼肌面积和背膘厚根据《瘦肉型猪胴体性状测定技术规范》(NY/T825—2004)相关标准进行测定。
为评估肌肉品质,从左侧胴体取背最长肌样品,根据《猪肉品质测定技术规程》(NY/T821—2019)的相关标准进行测定。测定指标包括pH、大理石纹、肉色(亮度L*、红度a*、黄度b*)和滴水损失等。肌肉pH:取左侧胴体背最长肌,选择3个不同的位置,用丹麦DK2730 pH计测定24 h的pH;大理石纹:对背最长肌横断面的大理石纹状况予以评分,以大理石纹评分板作为对照;肉色:左侧胴体背最长肌1 h内的亮度(L*)、红度(a*)以及黄度(b*)使用日本美能达公司生产的CR410型自动色差仪测定;滴水损失:取背最长肌修成长宽高3 cm×2 cm×1 cm,称重(W1),然后用铁钩悬挂在吹气袋,密封4 ℃条件下保存,24 h后取出样品,滤纸吸干表面水分后称重(W2),滴水损失(%)=[(W1-W2)/W1]×100。
取空肠中段1.5 cm完整部分,以及取部分肝和脾样品(1.5 cm×1.5 cm×1.5 cm),放入4%多聚甲醛溶液中保存,用于组织形态学观察。经脱水、包埋、切片和苏木精-伊红染色等处理后,在电子显微镜(日本奥林巴斯BX53)下观察并拍照。肠道样品每张切片选取10处不同视野观察,测定完整肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度。
在进行试验数据的统计分析时,借助SPSS 22.0统计软件里的Oneway ANOVA程序,并运用了Duncan氏法进行多重比较。统计结果中以平均值和SEM表示,当P<0.05表明差异具有显著性,而当P<0.01表明差异极显著。
由表2可知,与对照组相比,日粮添加5%干白酒糟组平均日采食量提高了2.01%,平均日增重却下降了7.48%,耗料增重比增加了9.51%,死淘率比对照组低0.04百分点,每kg的造肉成本提高0.96元;与对照组相比,日粮添加10%干白酒糟的试验组,平均日采食量和平均日增重分别提高了5.37%和4.61%,死淘率比对照组低0.78百分点,每kg的造肉成本下降0.02元,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。
根据表3的数据显示,与对照组相比,日粮添加5%的干白酒糟对生长育肥猪的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分及磷的表观消化率均未产生显著影响(P>0.05),但显著降低了钙的表观消化率(P<0.05);日粮添加10%干白酒糟显著降低了生长育肥猪粗蛋白质、粗灰分和钙的表观消化率(P<0.05),具有降低磷的表观消化率的趋势(P<0.10),对粗脂肪的表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。
根据表4数据显示,与对照组相比,日粮添加5%或10%干白酒糟显著降低了生长育肥猪血清中内毒素、二胺氧化酶和白介素-6的水平(P<0.05),日粮添加10%干白酒糟具有提高血清中过氧化氢酶含量的趋势(P<0.10)。总超氧化物歧化酶活性在各组间没有显著差异。
由表5可知,与对照组相比,日粮添加10%干白酒糟显著提高了生长育肥猪的眼肌面积(P<0.05),而屠宰率、胴体斜长和背膘厚各组间均没有显著差异。与对照组相比,日粮添加10%干白酒糟具有降低滴水损失的趋势(P<0.10),日粮添加5%干白酒糟显著提高了红度a*值(P<0.05)。pH、大理石纹、亮度L*值和黄度b*值各组间均没有显著差异。
由图1可知,对照组生长育肥猪空肠黏膜绒毛发育良好,日粮添加5%或10%干白酒糟处理组生长育肥猪空肠黏膜未见明显的形态损伤。由表6可知,相比于对照组,日粮添加10%干白酒糟组空肠绒毛高度提高了8.23%,隐窝深度降低了4.27%,绒毛高度/隐窝深度比提高了11.43%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。
由图2可知,对照组生长育肥猪肝细胞彼此连接形成条索,细胞大而圆,呈多边形或近圆形,肝细胞索规则;脾实质的红髓和白髓界限较分明,脾索为密集排列的不规则条索状结构,脾窦位于相邻脾索之间,相互连接成网。日粮添加5%或10%干白酒糟处理组生长育肥猪肝脏和脾脏未见明显的形态损伤。
生长性能是衡量养猪经济效益最关键的指标。在日粮中添加适量的酒糟可降低养殖成本,提高经济效益。朱权等[15]使用白酒糟替代10%基础日粮时,能够提高猪的平均日增重、降低耗料增重比,并且造肉成本降低0.5元·kg-1,但白酒糟的添加剂量不能超过20%。夏明亮等[17]发现,生长育肥猪日粮中干白酒糟的添加剂量超过10%,育肥猪生长性能下降,且呈现一定的剂量依赖效应。陈洪雷[16]发现,白酒糟替代≤15%基础日粮的玉米时,对猪的平均日增重影响不显著,造肉成本降低0.21元·kg-1。纤维日粮虽然会降低胃和小肠对营养物质的表观消化率,但是促进了猪后肠微生物发酵,部分补偿高纤维水平导致的能量稀释效应[18]。当添加粗纤维含量未达到阈值时,其纤维成分在后肠的发酵程度不足,产生的挥发性脂肪酸总量有限,不足以补偿因纤维稀释导致的日粮有效能值下降,可能导致平均日增重下降。本试验日粮中酒糟的添加量适中,因此对生长性能无不利影响,并且日粮中添加10%干白酒糟等营养替代部分玉米、豆粕和小麦麸皮能提高生长育肥猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重,造肉成本下降了0.02元·kg-1,表明在日粮中添加10%干白酒糟在一定程度上可降低养猪成本。
养分表观消化率是反映饲料利用率的关键指标,其中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分以及钙和磷的消化率尤其重要。本试验结果表明,日粮中添加10%的干白酒糟会造成生长育肥猪对粗蛋白质、粗灰分和钙的表观消化率显著下降。这种现象可能与白酒糟富含的粗纤维成分紧密相关,粗纤维含量较高会促使食糜在消化道内的流转速度加快,从而影响了养分的消化与吸收过程,导致营养物质消化率降低[19]。另一方面,在酒糟烘干过程中,高温处理会引起美拉德反应,使干白酒糟中的氨基酸利用率降低,尤其是赖氨酸[20],育肥猪饲料中的氨基酸不平衡,导致育肥猪对粗蛋白质的表观消化率下降。干白酒糟氨基酸的不平衡和粗纤维含量较高也会增加内源性损失。研究表明,使用益生菌混菌发酵可降低酒糟中木质素、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和不溶性非淀粉多糖(non-starch polysaccharides, NSP)的含量,增加小肽和氨基酸的含量,提高体外消化率[21]。另外,酒糟中添加酶制剂也可以提高猪对酒糟的利用效率,比如,在含有酒糟的日粮中添加植酸酶或者聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶和纤维素酶混合酶能够提高猪的营养物质表观总消化率[22]。本试验中,10%干白酒糟添加组的育肥猪生长性能最佳,而养分表观消化率下降,白酒糟中的酚酸、黄酮类和生物碱等功能活性成分或许能够抵消养分表观消化率下降对生长性能的负面影响,其具体机制有待于进一步研究。Hung等[23]研究发现,在26 kg生长猪玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中添加30%的玉米DDGS时,粗蛋白质消化率显著降低。Acosta等[24]在育肥猪基础日粮中添加15%、30%和45%的玉米DDGS,发现添加不同比例的玉米DDGS均显著降低了育肥猪干物质、总能和氨基酸的消化率。但是通过微生物发酵技术,能够将纤维素等难被消化吸收的有机质降解,提高动物消化吸收率。Kim等[25]研究证明,酒糟中真菌毒素污染威胁动物健康。本研究测定了干白酒糟中主要真菌毒素的含量,黄曲霉毒素B1未检出,呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮的含量分别为36.74 μg·kg-1、56.23 μg·kg-1。我国对动物饲料原料中黄曲霉毒素B1、呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮的限量标准(《饲料卫生标准》(GB 13078—2017))分别为30 μg·kg-1、5 000 μg·kg-1和1 500 μg·kg-1,因此,本研究排除了干白酒糟中主要真菌毒素的负面影响。
内毒素是革兰阴性菌细胞壁的一种成分,血清中内毒素含量增加意味着肠道屏障功能受损或肠道通透性增加[26]。二胺氧化酶可作为评估肠道损伤状况及机械屏障完整性的一项指标[27]。本试验发现在日粮中添加10%干白酒糟显著降低了生长育肥猪血清中内毒素和二胺氧化酶的水平,日粮添加5%或10%干白酒糟显著降低了生长育肥猪血清中二胺氧化酶的活性,表明添加适宜水平的酱香型干白酒糟能够增强生长育肥猪的肠道屏障功能。日粮中添加5%或10%干白酒糟显著降低了生长育肥猪血清中炎性因子白介素-6的含量,表明酱香型干白酒糟具有一定的抗炎作用。过氧化氢酶作为一类抗氧化酶,主要分布在细胞过氧化物内,可以催化过氧化氢发生分解,通过调节细胞内氧化应激从而防止生物体代谢紊乱。这可能与酒糟中的功能性成分有关,它们可以调节肠道菌群促进丁酸盐的生成,增强肠道屏障功能维持物理屏障完整性,提高机体的抗氧化能力[29⁃28]。本试验发现日粮中添加10%干白酒糟显著提高了生长育肥猪血清中过氧化氢酶的水平,表明适宜添加水平的干白酒糟能够提高生长育肥猪的抗氧化能力。本试验中干白酒糟增强肠道屏障功能、抗炎和抗氧化能力可能与干白酒糟中富含酚酸、黄酮类和生物碱等功能活性成分密切相关,Chen等[30]研究发现,茅台酒糟的多酚提取物可通过调节小鼠肠道菌群和肠道屏障功能从而减轻肠道炎症。
衡量猪胴体性状的指标包括屠宰率、眼肌面积、胴体斜长和背膘厚等。通常在生长育肥猪日粮中添加20%左右的干酒糟对猪的胴体性状没有不利影响[31],但随着添加量从20%提高到30%时,干酒糟会对猪的胴体性状产生一定的负面影响。研究表明,育肥猪日粮中添加30%的玉米DDGS显著降低了猪的胴体重和屠宰率[32]。而高明艳等[33]在饲粮中添加10%的发酵酒糟,发现可以显著提高肉羊的眼肌面积。本试验发现,在日粮中添加10%干白酒糟显著提高了生长育肥猪的眼肌面积,而对屠宰率、胴体斜长和背膘厚没有显著影响,眼肌面积和背膘厚是评估生猪瘦肉率的关键指标,本研究表明日粮中添10%茅台酱香型干白酒糟具有提高生长育肥猪瘦肉率的潜力。杨连玉和秦贵信[12]使用18%的干玉米酒糟替代猪日粮中的豆粕和玉米,提高了屠宰率和瘦肉率。
滴水损失是评价肉品质的重要指标,滴水损失高的肉通常外观不美观,消费者接受度低,造成经济损失。肉色红度a*反映猪肉新鲜度,红度a*值较高,表明肉表面光泽、颜色鲜亮。酱香型白酒糟中含有丰富的多酚类物质[34],植物多酚可以通过调节肌肉代谢,调控猪肉系水力、肉色,改善肉品质性状[35]。本研究发现在日粮中添加5%或10%干白酒糟能够降低猪肉的滴水损失,提高了红度a*值,表明适宜添加剂量的干白酒糟具有改善生长育肥猪肉品质的作用,有可能与酒糟中含有酚酸、黄酮类和生物碱等多种功能活性物质有关。而玉米DDGS会使猪肉黄度值增加,导致肉品质下降[34],这说明,在以胴体品质为约束指标的养猪生产中,茅台酱香型干白酒糟可能会有更广阔的应用空间。
肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比是衡量肠道健康和肠上皮细胞修复的一个重要指标[36],肠绒毛高度的降低会造成营养物质吸收不良、腹泻、抵抗力下降和生长性能下降[37]。张大成等[38]研究表明,日粮中添加4%白酒糟酿酒酵母培养物会造成空肠绒毛高度显著降低,绒毛高度/隐窝深度比下降,白酒糟酿酒酵母培养物中含有大量的纤维素和半纤维素可能是引起断奶仔猪空肠绒毛高度降低的原因。本试验发现日粮中添加10%干白酒糟在一定程度是提高了生长育肥猪空肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度比,造成以上结果不一致的原因可能与干白酒糟的来源不同有关,另外,与断奶仔猪相比,生长育肥猪对日粮纤维具有更强的耐受能力。可能是酱香型酒糟中的多酚类物质抑制NF-κB通路,从而减少促炎因子的释放,防止肝脾免疫细胞过度浸润[39]。本研究中,日粮添加5%或10%干白酒糟未发现对生长育肥猪肝和脾形态结构造成不良影响,表明适宜添加剂量的干白酒糟不会对生长育肥猪的肝和脾产生负面影响。
日粮添加10%干白酒糟可提高生长育肥猪平均日采食量和平均日增重,降低生长育肥猪造肉成本0.02元·kg-1,提高了养猪经济效益。适宜添加剂量的干白酒糟能够增强生长育肥猪的肠道屏障功能,减轻炎症反应,并改善屠宰性状和肌肉品质。推荐酱香型干白酒糟在95~130 kg阶段生长育肥猪日粮中的添加量为5%~10%。
  • 华中农业大学-中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所合作基金(SZYJY2022026)
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2026年第57卷第2期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.025
  • 接收时间:2025-02-14
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-02-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-14
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华中农业大学-中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所合作基金(SZYJY2022026)
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    1.贵州茅台酒厂(集团)循环经济产业投资开发有限公司,遵义 563000
    2.华中农业大学动物科学技术学院,武汉 430070
    3.华中农业大学生命科学技术学院,武汉 430070

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王帅,主要从事非粮饲料资源开发与高效利用研究,E-mail:
高思,主要从事非粮饲料资源开发与高效利用研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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