Article(id=1307013207739094015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.047, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1747929600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545831855, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1771776000000, pubDateStr=2026-02-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545831855, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545831855, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545831855, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013104081068276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='2', pageStart='569', pageEnd='1176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771776000000', pubDateStr='2026-02-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545807142, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609910854, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281975350419753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281975350419754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1149, endPage=1170, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013209823663104, articleId=1307013207739094015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicine on Growth Performance and Intestinal Flora of Chickens, columnId=1307007468660355587, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=CLINICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance and intestinal flora of chickens. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, this study conducted a Meta-analysis of 21 Chinese literatures (including randomized controlled trials of chickens) published in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed and Web of Science databases from the establishment of the database to September 2025. The RevMan 5.4 software was used to calculate the weighted average and 95% confidence interval by random effect model, and to evaluate the heterogeneity and publication bias. The results showed that compound Chinese herbal medicine could significantly increase ADFI (MD=2.42 g·d-1, 95%CI[1.99, 2.85]) (P<0.01), ADG (MD=3.23 g·d-1, 95%CI[2.48, 3.98]) (P<0.01), and VH/CD (MD=0.87, 95%CI[0.40, 1.35]) (P<0.01) compared with the blank group. Significantly reduced F/G (MD=-0.19, 95%CI[-0.27, -0.11]) (P<0.01) and the number of E.coli (MD=-1.48, 95%CI[-1.87, -1.09]) (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the Chinese herbal medicine group and the blank group in improving Shannon index, Chao1 index, Simpson index and the number of lactic acid bacteria (P>0.05). Compared with the antibiotic group, there was no significant difference in ADFI, ADG and F/G (P>0.05). In this study, the effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on production performance and intestinal health of chickens were evaluated by Meta-analysis system. The results showed that the compound Chinese herbal medicine had a significant effect on ADFI and ADG of broiler and broiler-egg dual-purpose chickens, and the effect was prominent in the brooding period and the growing period. At the same time, it could significantly reduce the F/G of broilers, but had no significant effect on the related indexes of laying hens. Compound Chinese herbal medicine could selectively inhibit the proliferation of Escherichia coli and significantly increase the ratio of intestinal villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD), but had no significant effect on the diversity index of flora and the number of lactic acid bacteria. The results of this study provide a systematic reference for the application of compound Chinese herbal medicine in chicken production, which is of great significance for the application and in-depth study of Chinese herbal medicine in chicken breeding.

, authors=Shufang YANG1, Hongyun ZHANG1, Liting CAO1, 2, Ying HE3, Shicheng BI1, 2, authorsList=Shufang YANG, Hongyun ZHANG, Liting CAO, Ying HE, Shicheng BI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shicheng BI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
BI Shicheng, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307013218522648610, articleId=1307013207739094015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=CN, title=复方中草药对鸡生长性能与肠道菌群的系统评价与Meta分析, columnId=1307007468815544837, journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, columnName=临床兽医, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

旨在系统评估复方中草药对鸡生长性能及肠道菌群的影响,本研究基于PRISMA指南,对CNKI、维普、万方、PubMed、Web of Science数据库建库至2025年9月发表的21篇文献进行Meta分析。通过RevMan 5.4软件,采用随机效应模型计算加权平均数及95%置信区间,并评估异质性与发表偏倚。结果表明:与空白组相比,复方中草药能显著提高鸡ADFI(MD=2.42 g·d-1,95%CI为[1.99,2.85])(P<0.01)、ADG(MD=3.23 g·d-1,95%CI为[2.48,3.98])(P<0.01)、及空肠VH/CD(MD=0.87,95%CI为[0.40,1.35])(P<0.01),显著降低F/G(MD=-0.19,95%CI为[-0.27,-0.11])(P<0.01)和大肠杆菌数量(MD=-1.48,95%CI为[-1.87,-1.09])(P<0.01),但在提高Shannon指数、Chao1指数、Simpson指数及乳酸菌数量方面,中草药组与空白组无显著差别(P>0.05);与抗生素组相比,在ADFI、ADG及F/G方面,两者无显著差别(P>0.05)。本研究通过Meta分析系统评估了复方中草药对鸡生产性能及肠道健康的影响,结果表明,复方中草药对肉蛋兼用型鸡ADFI、肉鸡及肉蛋兼用型鸡ADG的促进作用尤为显著,且在育雏期和育成期效果突出;同时可显著降低肉鸡F/G,但对蛋鸡相关指标无显著影响。复方中草药能选择性抑制大肠杆菌增殖,显著提高空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值(VH/CD),但对菌群多样性指数及乳酸菌数量无显著影响。本研究结果为复方中草药在鸡生产中的应用提供了系统性参考,对中草药在鸡养殖中的应用及深入研究具有重要意义。

, authors=杨淑芳1, 张红云1, 曹立亭1, 2, 何颖3, 毕师诚1, 2, authorsList=杨淑芳, 张红云, 曹立亭, 何颖, 毕师诚, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=毕师诚, authorNote=

杨淑芳,主要从事中兽医药研发工作,E-mail:

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毕师诚,主要从事中兽医药研发工作,E-mail:
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杨淑芳,主要从事中兽医药研发工作,E-mail:

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figureFileSmall=qGUojB9CuiHoNte6WYTK7g==, figureFileBig=/CgX7lKh7z6BEBEkpKVV7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282532102336578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013207739094015, language=CN, label=图5, caption=复方中草药对不同种类鸡ADFI影响的亚组分析森林图, figureFileSmall=qGUojB9CuiHoNte6WYTK7g==, figureFileBig=/CgX7lKh7z6BEBEkpKVV7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282532169445443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013207739094015, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Subgroup analysis forest map of the effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on ADFI in chicken growth process, figureFileSmall=XLbMxRUghdwHKZNyxolPFA==, figureFileBig=MySuRY8H90CqFb463ziLFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282532265914436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013207739094015, language=CN, label=图6, caption=复方中草药对鸡生长过程ADFI影响的亚组分析森林图, figureFileSmall=XLbMxRUghdwHKZNyxolPFA==, 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ArticleFig(id=1307282533578731607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013207739094015, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Forest map of compound Chinese herbal medicine on VH/CD in chicken jejunum, figureFileSmall=zgeUlCeDJ+la2q5rRo+mVQ==, figureFileBig=pjlE5MIH/pIvRQGQ1OmS5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282533637451864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013207739094015, language=CN, label=图16, caption=复方中草药对鸡空肠VH/CD的森林图, figureFileSmall=zgeUlCeDJ+la2q5rRo+mVQ==, figureFileBig=pjlE5MIH/pIvRQGQ1OmS5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282533700366425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013207739094015, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of included literature

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

纳入文献

Included literature

样本量

Sample size

种类

Species

生长

过程

Process of growth

干预措施

Intervention measures

结局

指标

Outcomeindex

ECEC

中草药组

Chinese herbal medicine group

抗生素组

Antibioticgroup

空白组

Blankgroup

中草药组

Chinese herbal medicine group

抗生素组

Antibioticgroup

空白组

Blankgroup

Fu等[7]

2024

360-90肉鸡育雏期

0.25%中药复方制剂JM113

0.5%中药复方制剂JM113(优)

1%中药复方制剂JM11

32%中药复方制剂JM113

-

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑤

Liu等[8]

2023

72-72肉鸡育雏期500 mg·kg-1复方中草药-

基础

饲粮

①②

③④

于佳楠等[20]

2020

300-300肉蛋兼用型鸡育成期

0.3%浓度的复方中草药

添加剂

-

基础

饲粮

①②

③④

刁蓝宇[22]

2020

192-64肉鸡育成期

150 mg·kg-1复方提取物饲料添加剂

200 mg·kg-1复方提取物饲料添加剂(优)300 mg·kg-1复方提取物饲料添加剂

-

基础

饲粮

①②

③④

刘孟洋等[15]

2023

1806060肉鸡育雏期0.5 g·L-1复方中草药1.0 g·L-1复方中草药(优)2.0 g·L-1复方中草药

0.1 g·L-1盐酸

左旋咪唑

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑥

周茜等[23]

2017

1806060肉鸡育雏期

5 mL·L-1复方中草药低剂量组

10 mL·L-1复方中草药高剂量组

20 mL·L-1复方中草药高剂量组(优)

金霉素

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑥

姜贺[24]

2015

200-100肉蛋兼用型鸡育成期0.5%中药复方1%中药复方(优)-

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑥

孙禹[13]

2023

400-200蛋鸡育成期0.2%复方中草药添加剂0.4%复方中草药添加剂(优)-

基础

饲粮

①②③④⑤

孟虹艳[27]

2008

180-60肉蛋兼用型鸡育成期0.75%复方中草药1.5%复方中草药(优) 2%复方中草药-

基础

饲粮

①③⑥

张申林[11]

2023

400-100蛋鸡育雏期0.05%的中草药复方添加剂0.1%的中草药复方添加剂0.2%的中草药复方添加剂(优)0.3%的中草药复方添加剂-

基础

饲粮

①②③④
张馨[10]2023216-72肉蛋兼用型鸡育成期0.5%黄芪甘草汤加减(优)1%黄芪甘草汤加减1.5%黄芪甘草汤加减-

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑤

彭英杰[14]2023168-84肉蛋兼用型鸡育雏期1%复方中草药1.5%复方中草药(优)-

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑤

徐美余[12]2023603030肉鸡育雏期10 g·kg-1低剂量中草药组20 g·kg-1高剂量中草药组(优)1 mg·g-120%金霉素预混剂

基础

饲粮

①④
李姣清等[18]2020404040肉鸡育雏期1 g·kg-1中药复方汤剂0.4 %氟哌酸

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑥

李崇池[16]2022404040肉鸡育雏期4 000 mg·kg-1复方中草药制剂1 000 mg·kg-1抗菌肽

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑤

杨建乔[25]20131002020肉鸡育雏期5 mL·L-1 TSKZ I10 mL·L-1 TSKZ I20mL·L-1 TSKZ I5 mL·L-1 TSKZ II(优)20 mL·L-1 TSKZ II50 mg·kg-1金霉素

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑥

杨成[21]2020120-30蛋鸡育成期0.5%杜仲组方1%杜仲组方2%杜仲组方(优)-

基础

饲粮

②⑤
王慧[26]2008210-70肉蛋兼用型鸡育雏期0.5%复方中药制剂1%复方中药制剂(优)2%复方中药制剂-

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑤

王维维[17]20211806060肉鸡育雏期0.1 mL·L-1人参鱼腥草0.3 mL·L-1人参鱼腥草0.6 mL·L-1人参鱼腥草(优)金霉素、盐霉素

基础

饲粮

①②

③④

陈飞轩等[9]2025603030蛋鸡育成期0.1%复方中草药组0.2%复方中草药组(优)0.05%盐霉素组

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑤

韩金恒[19]2021800-800肉鸡育雏期0.3%浓度的复方中草药添加剂-

基础

饲粮

①②

③④

), ArticleFig(id=1307282533771669594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013207739094015, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

纳入文献基本特征 (转下页 Carried forward)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

纳入文献

Included literature

样本量

Sample size

种类

Species

生长

过程

Process of growth

干预措施

Intervention measures

结局

指标

Outcomeindex

ECEC

中草药组

Chinese herbal medicine group

抗生素组

Antibioticgroup

空白组

Blankgroup

中草药组

Chinese herbal medicine group

抗生素组

Antibioticgroup

空白组

Blankgroup

Fu等[7]

2024

360-90肉鸡育雏期

0.25%中药复方制剂JM113

0.5%中药复方制剂JM113(优)

1%中药复方制剂JM11

32%中药复方制剂JM113

-

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑤

Liu等[8]

2023

72-72肉鸡育雏期500 mg·kg-1复方中草药-

基础

饲粮

①②

③④

于佳楠等[20]

2020

300-300肉蛋兼用型鸡育成期

0.3%浓度的复方中草药

添加剂

-

基础

饲粮

①②

③④

刁蓝宇[22]

2020

192-64肉鸡育成期

150 mg·kg-1复方提取物饲料添加剂

200 mg·kg-1复方提取物饲料添加剂(优)300 mg·kg-1复方提取物饲料添加剂

-

基础

饲粮

①②

③④

刘孟洋等[15]

2023

1806060肉鸡育雏期0.5 g·L-1复方中草药1.0 g·L-1复方中草药(优)2.0 g·L-1复方中草药

0.1 g·L-1盐酸

左旋咪唑

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑥

周茜等[23]

2017

1806060肉鸡育雏期

5 mL·L-1复方中草药低剂量组

10 mL·L-1复方中草药高剂量组

20 mL·L-1复方中草药高剂量组(优)

金霉素

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑥

姜贺[24]

2015

200-100肉蛋兼用型鸡育成期0.5%中药复方1%中药复方(优)-

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑥

孙禹[13]

2023

400-200蛋鸡育成期0.2%复方中草药添加剂0.4%复方中草药添加剂(优)-

基础

饲粮

①②③④⑤

孟虹艳[27]

2008

180-60肉蛋兼用型鸡育成期0.75%复方中草药1.5%复方中草药(优) 2%复方中草药-

基础

饲粮

①③⑥

张申林[11]

2023

400-100蛋鸡育雏期0.05%的中草药复方添加剂0.1%的中草药复方添加剂0.2%的中草药复方添加剂(优)0.3%的中草药复方添加剂-

基础

饲粮

①②③④
张馨[10]2023216-72肉蛋兼用型鸡育成期0.5%黄芪甘草汤加减(优)1%黄芪甘草汤加减1.5%黄芪甘草汤加减-

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑤

彭英杰[14]2023168-84肉蛋兼用型鸡育雏期1%复方中草药1.5%复方中草药(优)-

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑤

徐美余[12]2023603030肉鸡育雏期10 g·kg-1低剂量中草药组20 g·kg-1高剂量中草药组(优)1 mg·g-120%金霉素预混剂

基础

饲粮

①④
李姣清等[18]2020404040肉鸡育雏期1 g·kg-1中药复方汤剂0.4 %氟哌酸

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑥

李崇池[16]2022404040肉鸡育雏期4 000 mg·kg-1复方中草药制剂1 000 mg·kg-1抗菌肽

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑤

杨建乔[25]20131002020肉鸡育雏期5 mL·L-1 TSKZ I10 mL·L-1 TSKZ I20mL·L-1 TSKZ I5 mL·L-1 TSKZ II(优)20 mL·L-1 TSKZ II50 mg·kg-1金霉素

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑥

杨成[21]2020120-30蛋鸡育成期0.5%杜仲组方1%杜仲组方2%杜仲组方(优)-

基础

饲粮

②⑤
王慧[26]2008210-70肉蛋兼用型鸡育雏期0.5%复方中药制剂1%复方中药制剂(优)2%复方中药制剂-

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑤

王维维[17]20211806060肉鸡育雏期0.1 mL·L-1人参鱼腥草0.3 mL·L-1人参鱼腥草0.6 mL·L-1人参鱼腥草(优)金霉素、盐霉素

基础

饲粮

①②

③④

陈飞轩等[9]2025603030蛋鸡育成期0.1%复方中草药组0.2%复方中草药组(优)0.05%盐霉素组

基础

饲粮

①②

③⑤

韩金恒[19]2021800-800肉鸡育雏期0.3%浓度的复方中草药添加剂-

基础

饲粮

①②

③④

), ArticleFig(id=1307282533842972763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013207739094015, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Frequency of occurrence of Chinese herbal medicine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

中草药

Chinese medicinal herb

出现次数

Frequency of occurrence

中草药

Chinese medicinal herb

出现次数

Frequency of occurrence

甘草

Liquorice

9

蒲公英

Dandelion

4

黄芪

Membranous milkvetch root

8

当归

Chinese angelica root

4

党参

Dangshen

7

陈皮

Dried old orange peel

4

白术

Largehead atractylodes rhizome

6

杜仲

Eucommia bark

3

黄芩

Baikal skullcap root

5

大青叶

Dyers woad leaf

3

山楂

Fruit of hawthorn

4
), ArticleFig(id=1307282533910081628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013207739094015, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中草药出现次数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

中草药

Chinese medicinal herb

出现次数

Frequency of occurrence

中草药

Chinese medicinal herb

出现次数

Frequency of occurrence

甘草

Liquorice

9

蒲公英

Dandelion

4

黄芪

Membranous milkvetch root

8

当归

Chinese angelica root

4

党参

Dangshen

7

陈皮

Dried old orange peel

4

白术

Largehead atractylodes rhizome

6

杜仲

Eucommia bark

3

黄芩

Baikal skullcap root

5

大青叶

Dyers woad leaf

3

山楂

Fruit of hawthorn

4
), ArticleFig(id=1307282533968801885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013207739094015, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Frequency of occurrence of Chinese herbal medicine dosage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

剂量/%

Dosage

出现次数

Frequency of occurrence

剂量/%

Dosage

出现次数

Frequency of occurrence

0.0210.42
0.0510.53
0.0611.02
0.121.52
0.222.03
0.32
), ArticleFig(id=1307282534019133534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013207739094015, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中草药剂量出现次数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

剂量/%

Dosage

出现次数

Frequency of occurrence

剂量/%

Dosage

出现次数

Frequency of occurrence

0.0210.42
0.0510.53
0.0611.02
0.121.52
0.222.03
0.32
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杨淑芳 1 , 张红云 1 , 曹立亭 1, 2 , 何颖 3 , 毕师诚 1, 2
畜牧兽医学报 | 临床兽医 2026,57(2): 1149-1170
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畜牧兽医学报 |临床兽医 2026 , 57 (2) : 1149 -1170
复方中草药对鸡生长性能与肠道菌群的系统评价与Meta分析
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杨淑芳1 , 张红云1, 曹立亭1, 2, 何颖3, 毕师诚1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.西南大学动物医学院,重庆 402460
  • 2.西南大学中兽医研究所,重庆 402460
  • 3.重庆工商大学,重庆 400067
通讯作者:
毕师诚,主要从事中兽医药研发工作,E-mail:
作者简介:

杨淑芳,主要从事中兽医药研发工作,E-mail:

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicine on Growth Performance and Intestinal Flora of Chickens
Shufang YANG1 , Hongyun ZHANG1, Liting CAO1, 2, Ying HE3, Shicheng BI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Veterinary Medicine,Southwest University,Chongqing 402460,China
  • 2.Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine,Southwest University,Chongqing 402460,China
  • 3.Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    BI Shicheng, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-02-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.047
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旨在系统评估复方中草药对鸡生长性能及肠道菌群的影响,本研究基于PRISMA指南,对CNKI、维普、万方、PubMed、Web of Science数据库建库至2025年9月发表的21篇文献进行Meta分析。通过RevMan 5.4软件,采用随机效应模型计算加权平均数及95%置信区间,并评估异质性与发表偏倚。结果表明:与空白组相比,复方中草药能显著提高鸡ADFI(MD=2.42 g·d-1,95%CI为[1.99,2.85])(P<0.01)、ADG(MD=3.23 g·d-1,95%CI为[2.48,3.98])(P<0.01)、及空肠VH/CD(MD=0.87,95%CI为[0.40,1.35])(P<0.01),显著降低F/G(MD=-0.19,95%CI为[-0.27,-0.11])(P<0.01)和大肠杆菌数量(MD=-1.48,95%CI为[-1.87,-1.09])(P<0.01),但在提高Shannon指数、Chao1指数、Simpson指数及乳酸菌数量方面,中草药组与空白组无显著差别(P>0.05);与抗生素组相比,在ADFI、ADG及F/G方面,两者无显著差别(P>0.05)。本研究通过Meta分析系统评估了复方中草药对鸡生产性能及肠道健康的影响,结果表明,复方中草药对肉蛋兼用型鸡ADFI、肉鸡及肉蛋兼用型鸡ADG的促进作用尤为显著,且在育雏期和育成期效果突出;同时可显著降低肉鸡F/G,但对蛋鸡相关指标无显著影响。复方中草药能选择性抑制大肠杆菌增殖,显著提高空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值(VH/CD),但对菌群多样性指数及乳酸菌数量无显著影响。本研究结果为复方中草药在鸡生产中的应用提供了系统性参考,对中草药在鸡养殖中的应用及深入研究具有重要意义。

复方中草药  /  鸡  /  生长性能  /  肠道菌群

This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance and intestinal flora of chickens. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, this study conducted a Meta-analysis of 21 Chinese literatures (including randomized controlled trials of chickens) published in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed and Web of Science databases from the establishment of the database to September 2025. The RevMan 5.4 software was used to calculate the weighted average and 95% confidence interval by random effect model, and to evaluate the heterogeneity and publication bias. The results showed that compound Chinese herbal medicine could significantly increase ADFI (MD=2.42 g·d-1, 95%CI[1.99, 2.85]) (P<0.01), ADG (MD=3.23 g·d-1, 95%CI[2.48, 3.98]) (P<0.01), and VH/CD (MD=0.87, 95%CI[0.40, 1.35]) (P<0.01) compared with the blank group. Significantly reduced F/G (MD=-0.19, 95%CI[-0.27, -0.11]) (P<0.01) and the number of E.coli (MD=-1.48, 95%CI[-1.87, -1.09]) (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the Chinese herbal medicine group and the blank group in improving Shannon index, Chao1 index, Simpson index and the number of lactic acid bacteria (P>0.05). Compared with the antibiotic group, there was no significant difference in ADFI, ADG and F/G (P>0.05). In this study, the effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on production performance and intestinal health of chickens were evaluated by Meta-analysis system. The results showed that the compound Chinese herbal medicine had a significant effect on ADFI and ADG of broiler and broiler-egg dual-purpose chickens, and the effect was prominent in the brooding period and the growing period. At the same time, it could significantly reduce the F/G of broilers, but had no significant effect on the related indexes of laying hens. Compound Chinese herbal medicine could selectively inhibit the proliferation of Escherichia coli and significantly increase the ratio of intestinal villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD), but had no significant effect on the diversity index of flora and the number of lactic acid bacteria. The results of this study provide a systematic reference for the application of compound Chinese herbal medicine in chicken production, which is of great significance for the application and in-depth study of Chinese herbal medicine in chicken breeding.

compound Chinese herbal medicine  /  chickens  /  growth performance  /  intestinal flora
杨淑芳, 张红云, 曹立亭, 何颖, 毕师诚. 复方中草药对鸡生长性能与肠道菌群的系统评价与Meta分析. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (2) : 1149 -1170 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.047
Shufang YANG, Hongyun ZHANG, Liting CAO, Ying HE, Shicheng BI. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicine on Growth Performance and Intestinal Flora of Chickens[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (2) : 1149 -1170 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.047
在畜禽养殖发展的过程中,抗生素曾长期作为防病治病的重要工具,通过防控细菌性疫病为养殖业稳定生产提供支撑,但也存在因其长期滥用,引发细菌耐药性加剧、养殖环境受污染、畜禽产品药物残留超标等问题,对畜禽的长远发展造成了严重危害。自2020年起,中国农业农村部实施了“饲料禁抗”政策,其目的是进一步推动绿色替抗技术的应用。在此背景下,中草药因其天然来源、多靶点调控及低残留特性[1⁃2],弥补了抗生素滥用所带来的弊端,被视为抗生素替代的潜在有效方案。研究表明,复方中草药可以通过调节肠道菌群结构、增强营养代谢效率,进而促进动物的生长、改善动物机体的健康状态[3⁃6]。然而,因其复方中草药的种类不同和使用剂量不同,以及中药组方千变万化,对于替抗的效果也会产生一定的影响,现有研究结论仍存在较大异质性。
目前,关于中草药替抗的机制探讨多聚焦于单一功能,而对“肠道菌群-宿主生长性能”网络的系统性解析不足。尽管部分临床试验报道了中草药对鸡日增重(ADG)的促进作用,但其与肠道微生物多样性的动态关联仍缺乏定量整合证据。
为此,本研究采用系统评价与Meta分析方法,旨在:量化评估中草药对鸡生长性能(ADFI、ADG、F/G)、肠道菌群(Shannon指数、Chao1指数、Simpson指数、大肠杆菌、乳酸菌、空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值(VH/CD)的综合影响;探讨肠道菌群结构与生长性能的潜在互作机制。通过整合多源试验数据,本研究将为中草药替抗技术的标准化应用提供理论依据。
检索中国知网CNKI、维普、万方等中文数据库以及PubMed、Web of Science等英文数据库,检索时间范围为各数据库建库至2025年9月。检索词由主题词和自由词相结合,英文检索关键词为“Medicinal plant、Chinese medicine、Chinese traditional medicine、Chinese medicine compound、Chinese medicine raw materials、Chinese medicine extract、Chinese medicine active ingredientsnatural drugs、active ingredient、growth performance、gastrointestinal microbiome、chickens”;中文数据库关键词为“中草药、中药材、中药复方、中药原料、中药提取物、中药活性成分、天然药物、生长性能、肠道菌群、鸡”等。根据检索策略共得到文献587篇,其中,CNKI 181篇、维普100篇、万方31篇、PubMed 36篇,Web of Science 279篇。利用文献阅读软件EndNote 21除重复文献54篇;阅读文献摘要及标题排除研究内容不一致、非随机对照试验、非复方中药文献、会议报告、会议摘要及综述类文献395篇;阅读全文排除非高质量随机对照研究15篇,缺乏全文内容23篇,试验结果有所缺失61篇,试验结果不以“均值±标准差/误”呈现18篇;最终纳入文献21篇。根据PRISMA声明制作文献筛选流程,见图1。
纳入标准:①试验设计为随机对照试验;②复方中草药剂量、成分及添加方法在文献中有较为明确的说明;③研究对象为鸡;④文献研究中结局指标包括生长性能及肠道菌群,生长性能指标至少包括平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)、料重比(F/G)中的一种,肠道菌群指标包括肠道菌群多样性指数(Shannon指数、Chao1指数、Simpson指数)、肠道大肠杆菌、乳酸菌数目或空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(绒隐比VH/CD)中的一种;⑤结果指标以“平均值±标准差”或“平均值±标准误”呈现;⑥试验组(基础日粮+中草药组)及对照组(基础日粮/基础日粮+抗生素组)的样本量有明确说明;⑦文献语言为中文或英文。排除标准:①重复文献、综述类文献、会议报告及会议摘要;②研究对象不是鸡;③结局指标不包含生长性能及肠道菌群;④数据不以“平均值±标准差”或“平均值±标准误”呈现;⑤非中草药复方。
从纳入文献中提取以下数据:第一作者、发表年份、复方中草药剂量、试验组和对照组样本量、结局指标(ADFI、ADG、F/G、肠道菌群多样性指数、大肠杆菌、乳酸菌、空肠VH/CD)。根据Cochrane Collaboration工具来评估偏倚风险。
利用RevMan 5.4软件进行数据分析和图形制作。本次研究指标单位相同,因此数据合并选择加权平均数。将ADFI、ADG、F/G、肠道菌群多样性指数(Shannon指数、Chao1指数、Simpson指数)、大肠杆菌、乳酸菌、空肠VH/CD绘制成森林图,使用随机效应模型计算平均差及95%置信区间的估计值。P<0.01表示试验组与对照组相比差异极显著,0.01<P<0.05表示试验组与对照组相比差异显著,P>0.05表示两组间差异不显著,P<0.05说明有统计学意义。异质性分析采用I2 值表示,I2 >50%时表示各研究间存在中高异质性,I2 <50%时表示各研究间存在低异质性,I2 <30%时表示各研究间不存在异质性。
有21篇文献纳入到此次Meta分析中,两篇英文文献[7⁃8],其余为中文文献[9⁃27];其中基础饲粮上添加抗生素的有8篇[9,12,15⁃18,23,25],只饲喂基础饲粮的有13篇[7⁃8,10⁃11,13⁃14,19⁃22,24,26⁃27];报道肉鸡的有11篇[7⁃8,12,15⁃19,22⁃23,25],蛋鸡的有4篇[9,11,13,21],肉蛋兼用型鸡的有6篇[10,14,20,24,26⁃27];生长过程为育雏期的有13篇[7⁃8,11⁃12,14⁃19,23,25⁃26],育成期的有8篇[9⁃10,13,20⁃22,24,27]。试验组以复方中草药添加至基础饲粮或掺在饮水中,对照组喂基础饲粮或抗生素加基础饲粮。具体信息和相关数据见表1。
依据Cochrane干预措施系统评价手册对纳入的21篇文献进行质量评价。在随机分配偏倚和分配隐藏偏倚方面,全部文献都为低风险偏倚;在参与者盲法偏倚方面,有1篇文献[18]为高风险,有1篇文献[11]为不清楚,其他均为低风险;在评估者盲法偏倚方面,有1篇文献[8]为低风险,其他均为不清楚;在结果数据不全偏倚方面,3篇为高风险[12, 18, 21],其余为低风险偏倚;在选择性报道偏倚方面,14篇文献[10⁃14,16⁃17,19,21⁃22,24⁃27]由于报告不全而被定义为高风险,其余为低风险偏倚;在其他偏倚方面,全部为不清楚;其他偏倚包括了复方中草药制作工艺、饲喂方式以及饲养条件等因素。根据评估要求评定文献“低风险”“高风险”“不清楚”偏倚程度,见图2、3。
经异质性分析,复方中草药对鸡ADFI、ADG、F/G、肠道菌群多样性指数、大肠杆菌、乳酸菌、空肠VH/CD影响中I2 >50%,代表均存在发表偏倚。故进行敏感性分析,逐一剔除纳入的研究文献。结果显示I2 值仍大于50%,说明各个研究间存在较高的异质性。
由图4可知,与空白组相比,复方中草药能极显著地提高鸡ADFI(MD=2.42 g·d-1,95%CI为[1.99,2.85])(P<0.01);与抗生素组相比,复方中草药组对鸡ADFI无显著影响(P>0.05)。研究间的异质性极高,经逐一排除文献的敏感性分析后可知需要再对鸡种类及鸡生长过程进行亚组分析,亚组分析如图5、6所示,可知与空白组相比,复方中草药能极显著地提高肉蛋兼用型鸡ADFI(MD=6.37 g·d-1,95%CI为[4.80, 7.94])(P<0.01),对肉鸡及蛋鸡ADFI无显著影响(P>0.05)。复方中草药能极显著地提高鸡育雏期的ADFI(MD=1.13 g·d-1,95%CI为[0.70, 1.56])(P<0.01),也能极显著地提高鸡育成期的ADFI(MD=4.36 g·d-1,95%CI为[1.70, 7.02])(P<0.01)。综上所述,与空白组相比,复方中草药能提高鸡ADFI;中草药组与抗生素组在提高鸡ADFI方面并无太大差异。亚组分析显示,复方中草药能提高肉蛋兼用型鸡ADFI,对肉鸡和蛋鸡ADFI无明显影响;能提高育雏期和育成期鸡的ADFI。
本研究通过Meta分析系统评估了复方中草药对鸡平均日采食量(ADFI)的影响及其异质性来源。结果显示,与空白组相比,复方中草药可极显著提高鸡ADFI,且其效果与抗生素组无显著差异。进一步亚组分析表明,复方中草药对ADFI的促进作用具有品种和生长阶段特异性:其对肉蛋兼用型鸡的ADFI提升效果尤为显著,而对单一生产类型(肉鸡、蛋鸡)无显著影响;在生长阶段方面,复方中草药可极显著提高育雏期和育成期鸡的ADFI。综上,复方中草药可作为替代抗生素的潜在饲料添加剂,尤其适用于肉蛋兼用型鸡的育雏期和育成期饲养管理。然而,其对肉鸡、蛋鸡及后期生长阶段的作用仍需进一步验证。
由图7可知,与空白组相比,复方中草药能极显著地提高鸡ADG(MD=3.23 g·d-1,95%CI为[2.48,3.98])(P<0.01);与抗生素组相比,复方中草药对提高鸡ADG无显著影响(P>0.05)。研究间的异质性极高,经逐一排除文献的敏感性分析后可只需再对鸡种类及鸡生长过程进行亚组分析,亚组分析如图8、9所示。由图8可知,与空白组相比,复方中草药能极显著地提高肉鸡(MD=4.45 g·d-1,95%CI为[2.49,6.42])(P<0.01)及肉蛋兼用型鸡(MD=2.32 g·d-1,95%CI为[1.35,3.29])(P<0.01)的ADG,但对蛋鸡ADG无显著影响(P>0.05)。由图9可知,与空白组相比,复方中草药能极显著地提高鸡育雏期的ADG(MD=4.04 g·d-1,95%CI为[1.74,6.34])(P<0.01)和鸡育成期的ADG(MD=1.83 g·d-1,95%CI为[1.22,2.44])(P<0.01)。综上所述,与空白组相比,复方中草药能提高鸡ADG;中草药组与抗生素组在提高鸡ADG上无显著差异。亚组分析显示,与空白组相比,复方中草药能提高肉鸡及肉蛋兼用型鸡的ADG,对蛋鸡ADG无明显影响;能提高育雏期和育成期鸡的ADG。
本研究通过Meta分析证实,复方中草药可极显著提高鸡的平均日增重(ADG),其效果与抗生素组无显著差异。亚组分析表明,复方中草药对肉鸡和肉蛋兼用型鸡的ADG提升效果极显著,但对蛋鸡无显著影响;同时,其在育雏期和育成期的促生长作用尤为突出。结果表明,复方中草药可作为替代抗生素的绿色饲料添加剂,在肉鸡及肉蛋兼用型鸡的早期生长阶段应用中具有显著潜力,但其对蛋鸡的作用机制及品种特异性差异需进一步研究。
由图10可知,与空白组相比,复方中草药能极显著地降低鸡F/G(MD=-0.19,95%CI为[-0.27,-0.11])(P<0.01);与抗生素组相比,复方中草药组对鸡F/G无显著影响(P>0.05)。研究间的异质性极高,经逐一排除文献的敏感性分析后可知须再对鸡种类及鸡生长过程进行亚组分析,亚组分析如图11、12所示。由图11可知,与空白组相比,复方中草药能极显著地降低肉鸡F/G(MD=-0.18,95%CI为[-0.26,-0.11])(P<0.01),对蛋鸡及肉蛋兼用型鸡F/G无显著影响(P>0.05)。由图12可知,与空白组相比,复方中草药能极显著地降低鸡育雏期的F/G(MD=-0.18,95%CI为[-0.25,-0.10])(P<0.01)和鸡育成期的F/G(MD=-0.23,95%CI为[-0.31,-0.15])(P<0.01)。综上所述,复方中草药能降低鸡F/G;中草药组与抗生素组在降低鸡F/G方面并无太大差异。亚组分析显示,复方中草药能降低肉鸡F/G,对蛋鸡及肉蛋兼用型鸡F/G无显著影响;能降低育雏期和育成期鸡的F/G。
本研究证实,复方中草药可极显著降低鸡的料重比(F/G),其效果与抗生素组无显著差异。亚组分析表明,复方中草药对肉鸡F/G的降低效果极显著,但对蛋鸡及肉蛋兼用型鸡无显著影响;同时,其在育雏期和育成期的降F/G作用尤为突出。结果表明,复方中草药可作为替代抗生素的饲料添加剂促进肉鸡生长,但其对蛋鸡及肉蛋兼用型鸡的作用机制差异需进一步研究,为精准化应用提供理论支持。
由图13可知,与空白组相比,复方中草药对鸡肠道菌群Shannon指数、Chao1指数及Simpson指数无显著影响(P>0.05)。由图14、15可知,与空白组相比,复方中草药能极显著降低鸡肠道大肠杆菌数量(MD=-1.48,95%CI为[-1.87,-1.09])(P<0.01),但对肠道乳酸菌数量无显著影响(P>0.05)。由图16可知,复方中草药能极显著提高鸡空肠VH/CD(MD=0.87,95%CI为[0.40,1.35])(P<0.01)。因为肠道菌群多样性指数、大肠杆菌及乳酸菌、VH/CD文献不足10篇,因此对其不做亚组分析。综上所述,复方中草药能降低鸡肠道大肠杆菌数量,提高鸡空肠VH/CD,但对Shannon指数、Chao1指数、Simpson指数及乳酸菌无显著影响。
本研究系统评价了复方中草药对鸡肠道菌群多样性、特定菌群丰度及肠道形态结构(空肠VH/CD)的调控作用。结果表明:复方中草药对鸡肠道菌群Shannon指数、Chao1指数及Simpson指数无显著影响,提示其对肠道菌群整体多样性未产生明显改变。然而,复方中草药可极显著降低肠道大肠杆菌数量,但对乳酸菌丰度无显著调控作用。此外,复方中草药能显著改善肠道形态结构,极显著提高鸡空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值(VH/CD),表明其可能通过优化肠道吸收功能促进宿主健康。综上,复方中草药可能通过选择性抑制致病性大肠杆菌增殖并增强肠道结构完整性,发挥肠道健康调控作用,但其对菌群多样性及乳酸菌的调节效应仍需进一步探究。
本次纳入文献复方中草药有甘草、黄芪、黄芩、党参、白术、山楂、陈皮、蒲公英、当归、杜仲、大青叶、柴胡、鱼腥草、茯苓、人参、生地、马齿苋、青蒿、淫羊藿、黄柏、肉桂、连翘、乌梅、桔梗、石榴皮、蕾香、金银花等,由于中药复方包含中药较多,因此本次只统计文献中出现次数在3次及以上的中药,具体数据如表2所示,由高到低依次为甘草9次,黄芪8次,党参7次,白术6次,黄芩5次,山楂、蒲公英、当归及陈皮各4次,杜仲和大青叶3次。中草药剂量出现次数如表3所示,浓度在(0~0.1)%的文献有3篇,0.1%~0.5%的文献有11篇,1.0%~2.0%的有7篇。
本研究通过对21篇文献进行系统评价与Meta分析,综合评估了复方中草药对鸡生长性能和肠道菌群的影响。纳入文献中甘草、黄芪、党参、白术、山楂和陈皮等中草药归脾胃经,以健脾益气、理气消食为主要功效,能够增强脾胃运化功能,促进消化酶分泌及营养物质吸收[28⁃30],从而提高鸡采食量、料重比和日增重。而黄芩、蒲公英、大青叶等中草药主入肝、胃、心经者,其核心作用为清热燥湿、泻火解毒,能抑制大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌等肠道致病菌[31⁃34],减轻肠道炎症,修复黏膜损伤。当归、杜仲等中草药归经涉及心、肾二脏。当归入心、肝经,能补血活血,改善肠道微循环及营养输送[35⁃36];杜仲入肝、肾经,可补肝肾、强筋骨,促进蛋白质合成及能量代谢[37⁃38],通过改善机体整体机能间接优化肠道环境。基于复方中草药的丰富价值,一方面可通过多种活性成分的协同效应,改善饲料适口性[39⁃40]、促进营养消化吸收,并调节肠道代谢功能,从而提升生长性能[41⁃44]。例如,含黄芪、白术、金银花等成分的复方制剂,可通过多糖、黄酮、皂苷等多类活性物质的整合作用,显著提升肠道消化酶活性[45⁃46],并修复肠道物理屏障(增加绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值),从而同步改善养分表观消化率和降低腹泻率[46]。黄芪、山楂和杜仲等植物提取物已被证明可增强胃肠道健康,从而提高动物食欲和采食量[2, 47]。另一方面中草药在抗炎、抗氧化、抗应激及抑菌机制上也已得到广泛研究。在抗炎方面,复方中草药某些活性成分如黄酮类、多糖及皂苷可通过抑制NF-κB和MAPK等炎症信号通路的活化[54⁃56],下调肠道组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)等促炎细胞因基因表达,减轻肠黏膜炎症损伤[34, 57⁃58]。在抗氧化方面,中草药可显著提升肠道黏膜及血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量[35, 59⁃60],增强机体清除自由基能力,缓解氧化应激对肠上皮细胞的损伤。在抗应激方面,复方中草药可通过调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA轴)功能[61-62],降低血浆皮质酮(CORT)水平,并上调热休克蛋白(HSP70)表达[63⁃66],增强肠道黏膜应对环境及免疫应激的耐受力。在抑菌方面,中草药中的生物碱、有机酸及挥发油等成分可直接破坏大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌等致病菌的细胞膜结构,抑制群体感应,并可协同促进乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌等有益菌增殖,通过竞争性排斥和代谢产物抑制维持肠道微生态平衡[28, 67⁃69]。上述机制共同构成复方中草药维护鸡肠道健康的多靶点调控网络,为其在无抗养殖中的应用提供理论依据。
同时,中草药表现出“抑害促益”双向调节能力,这种调控一方面通过抗菌成分如苦参碱、绿原酸直接抑制病原菌,另一方面经微生物发酵将多糖转化为低聚糖,为益生菌提供增殖底物[50⁃51]。Xu等[52]发现补益类中药(如枸杞、地黄)能直接刺激乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌生长;而清热解毒类中药(如黄芩、黄连)经肠道菌群转化后,其苷元代谢产物可选择性抑制致病菌,同时提高SCFA产量。大黄、黄芩等中药的联合使用对多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的抑菌效果优于单一抗生素[53]。抗生素虽能快速抑制致病菌,但可能破坏菌群多样性并诱导耐药性。而中草药通过群体感应抑制阻断细菌生物膜形成,降低耐药基因表达,从而在维持菌群多样性的同时增强抗菌效果。中草药还通过提高菌群多样性、富集有益菌(如乳酸菌)、抑制有害菌(如大肠杆菌),共同促进肠道健康。有益菌的增殖有助于改善肠道屏障功能,增强营养物质消化吸收效率(这与ADG提高和F/G降低直接相关),并产生短链脂肪酸等有益代谢产物,为宿主提供能量并调节代谢。
此外,复方中草药剂量对鸡生长性能及肠道菌群的作用呈现典型剂量效应特征,其作用机制与浓度梯度密切相关。现有文献表明(0.1%~0.5%浓度区间研究占比最高,达11篇),中低剂量(0.1%~0.5%)可能通过协同调控营养代谢和维持肠道菌群稳态实现促生长效应,其中0.5%剂量出现频次最高(3次),提示其可能为生产实践中优化饲料转化率的阈值浓度。高剂量组(1.0%~2.0%)占比7篇,其中2.0%浓度点出现3次,提示可能出现抗菌需求,但需注意浓度过高可能破坏肠道微生态平衡。超低剂量(<0.1%)(3篇)可能因未达起效浓度需进一步验证其免疫调节潜能。本研究揭示的剂量效应规律为复方中草药在鸡生产中的精准应用提供了理论依据,但需注意所用中草药制作工艺不一、饲喂方式不同、饲喂周期、饲养条件差异、鸡种类及品种不同可能造成差异,且0.5%~1.0%浓度区间的机制空白及长期添加的生态风险仍需通过多组学技术深入解析。
本研究纳入的21篇文献包括鸡5 108只,其中中草药组2 384只,空白组2 384只,抗生素组340只,样本数量较大,说明结果较为稳靠。采用异质性评估与敏感性检验对Meta分析结果进行验证。异质性分析表明纳入文献间存在高异质性,但本研究采用随机效应模型且通过逐项剔除任一原始研究后,异质性并未发生太大改变,证实了研究结果的稳健性。本研究关于中草药对ADFI、ADG、F/G以及肠道菌群多样性指数、大肠杆菌、乳酸菌、空肠VH/CD的Meta分析出现高异质性,且无法通过逐一排除文献的敏感分析以及分类进行亚组分析而降低异质性,这可能与中草药制备工艺多样、中草药成分多样、中草药添加方式不同、鸡种类及品种、饲养周期、饲养时间、养殖阶段不一样、养殖环境及条件等因素有关。对比Meta分析在其他试验中的研究结果,也存在异质性较高的问题,如中草药饲料添加剂对仔猪生长性能影响的Meta分析[70]、中草药饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪和生长育肥猪生长性能影响的Meta分析[71]、植物多糖对羊生长性能影响的Meta分析[72]、枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能影响的Meta分析[73],其结果均表现出较高异质性。同时本系统评价研究还存在以下方法学限制:首先,尽管所纳入的研究整体质量较高,但研究仍存在发表偏倚和数据完整性不足的缺陷,特别是涉及抗生素干预的文献样本量有限,且肠道菌群相关研究数量少于生长性能指标研究,导致无法开展有效的亚组分析比较。其次,文献纳入时间范围覆盖2008—2025年,长达17年的时间跨度中,畜牧养殖环境、日粮营养配比及检测技术等关键参数可能发生显著演变,这种历史性技术变迁可能对数据整合产生干扰效应。最后,现有研究资料中中文文献占比较高而英文文献相对匮乏,这种语言分布的不均衡性可能对研究结论的普适性产生潜在影响。但上述问题并不影响分析的准确性。未来研究应围绕中草药饲料添加剂的标准化与机制突破展开。需制定中草药组分的检测标准、加工规范及梯度添加方案,针对肉鸡、蛋鸡等品种及不同养殖阶段,设计分层随机对照试验,明确集约化与生态养殖的最适干预策略。同时也建议扩大抗生素替代组样本量,构建多语种文献数据库,统一菌群多样性等指标的报告标准,推动其从经验应用向数据驱动的精准营养方案转型,为畜牧业绿色可持续发展提供理论依据与实践路径。
本研究通过Meta分析系统评估了复方中草药对鸡生产性能及肠道健康的影响,结果表明:与空白组相比,复方中草药可极显著提高鸡平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)并降低料重比(F/G),其效果与抗生素组无显著差异,具有替代抗生素的潜力。亚组分析揭示其作用具有品种和生长阶段特异性,对肉蛋兼用型鸡ADFI、肉鸡及肉蛋兼用型鸡ADG的促进作用尤为显著,且在育雏期和育成期效果突出;同时可显著降低肉鸡F/G,但对蛋鸡相关指标无显著影响。肠道健康方面,复方中草药能选择性抑制大肠杆菌增殖,显著提高空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值(VH/CD),但对菌群多样性指数及乳酸菌数量无显著影响。本研究结果为复方中草药在鸡生产中的应用提供了系统性参考,对中草药在鸡养殖中的应用及深入研究具有重要意义。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32473075)
  • 重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX1094)
  • 重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0134)
  • 重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202400204)
  • 重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJZD-M202503501)
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2026年第57卷第2期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.047
  • 接收时间:2025-05-23
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-02-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-23
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国家自然科学基金(32473075)
重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX1094)
重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0134)
重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202400204)
重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJZD-M202503501)
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    1.西南大学动物医学院,重庆 402460
    2.西南大学中兽医研究所,重庆 402460
    3.重庆工商大学,重庆 400067

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占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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