Article(id=1307013157998850151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.033, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1748448000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545819996, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1771776000000, pubDateStr=2026-02-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545819996, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545819996, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545819996, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013104081068276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='2', pageStart='569', pageEnd='1176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771776000000', pubDateStr='2026-02-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545807142, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609910854, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281975350419753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281975350419754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=965, endPage=978, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013158221148264, articleId=1307013157998850151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Expression, Purification and Enzymatic Activity Verification of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus RdRp Complex, columnId=1307007432299930010, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The non-structure protein (NSP) 12 of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) serves as the catalytic core component of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). However, the molecular mechanisms regulating its interactions with NSP7 and NSP8, as well as the enzymatic activity and function of the RdRp complex, remain to be fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate the molecular characteristics of NSP12, explore its interaction with NSP7 and NSP8, and verify the enzymatic activity of the RdRp complex. Firstly, the physicochemical properties and structural features of NSP12 were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. To investigate the interaction between NSP7, NSP8 and NSP12 in the FIPV RdRp complex, pcDNA3.1-Flag-NSP7, pcDNA3.1-HA-NSP8 and pcDNA3.1-Myc-NSP12 plasmids were constructed and expressed in 293T cells. The protein interactions and co-localization were detected using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), pull-down, and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Secondly, the NSP7, NSP8 and NSP12 genes of FIPV were amplified by PCR and homologously recombined into the pET-30α vector to construct prokaryotic expression recombinant plasmids. The induced expression conditions were further optimized, and the proteins were purified by nickel column affinity chromatography and concentrated using an ultrafiltration tube to obtain the RdRp complex. Finally, an in vitro RNA elongation system for FIPV RdRp was established, and the enzymatic activity of the RdRp complexes obtained above was tested using the gel method. Bioinformatics analysis showed that NSP12 was a stable hydrophilic protein, containing 43.51% α helices, 45.02% random coils and 90 potential phosphorylation sites. The Co-IP, pull-down, and IFA assays confirmed the interaction and co-localization of NSP7, NSP8 and NSP12 in 293T cells. NSP7 and NSP8 were expressed as inclusion bodies, with molecular masses of 10 and 23 ku, respectively. In contrast, NSP12 was expressed as a soluble protein, with a molecular mass of 105 ku. The results of the enzyme activity assay demonstrated that the RdRp complex exhibited the capacity to extend the RNA template strand. Conversely, NSP12 alone exhibited no such activity. In this study, the FIPV RdRp complex was purified by prokaryotic expression and an enzyme activity detection system was established in vitro. It was confirmed for the first time that NSP12 from the FIPV-DF2 strain requires the formation of a complex with NSP7 and NSP8 to exert its RdRp function. This study lays the foundation for further exploring the biological function of FIPV RdRp and developing antiviral drugs targeting RdRp.

, authors=Wei YANG1, Yun LU1, Ran ZHANG1, Wanting ZHANG1, Ruiwen REN2, 3, Hongxia JIANG1, Youzhi TANG1, authorsList=Wei YANG, Yun LU, Ran ZHANG, Wanting ZHANG, Ruiwen REN, Hongxia JIANG, Youzhi TANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Youzhi TANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
TANG Youzhi, E-mail:
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猫传染性腹膜炎病毒(feline infectious peritonitis virus,FIPV)的非结构蛋白(non structure protein,NSP)12是RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶(RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,RdRp)核心组分,但其与辅助因子NSP7、NSP8之间的相互作用以及RdRp复合体的功能尚不清楚。本研究旨在分析NSP12的分子特征,探究其与NSP7、NSP8的相互作用,并验证RdRp复合体的酶活性。首先,采用生物信息学方法预测NSP12的理化性质及结构特征。为探究FIPV RdRp复合物中NSP7、NSP8和NSP12之间的相互作用,构建了pcDNA3.1-Flag-NSP7,pcDNA3.1-HA-NSP8和pcDNA3.1-Myc-NSP12质粒,转染至293T细胞后,利用免疫共沉淀(co-inmunoprecipitation,Co-IP)、蛋白质体外结合(Pull-down)和间接免疫荧光试验(indirect immunofluorescence assay,IFA)检测蛋白互作及共定位。其次,利用PCR扩增FIPV的NSP7、NSP8和NSP12基因,并将其分别同源重组至pET-30α载体,构建原核表达重组质粒。进一步优化诱导表达条件,采用镍柱亲和层析纯化蛋白,并通过超滤管浓缩获得RdRp复合物。最后,建立FIPV RdRp体外RNA延伸体系,并基于凝胶方法检测RdRp复合物的酶活性。生物信息学分析表明,NSP12为稳定的亲水性蛋白,包含43.51%的α螺旋、45.02%的无规则卷曲以及90个潜在磷酸化位点。Co-IP、Pull-down和IFA试验证实,在293T细胞中NSP7、NSP8与NSP12之间存在相互作用并发生共定位。原核表达结果显示,NSP7和NSP8蛋白以包涵体形式表达,相对分子质量为10和23 ku,NSP12则以可溶性蛋白形式表达,相对分子质量为105 ku。酶活性试验结果表明,RdRp复合物能够延伸RNA模板链,而单独的NSP12则无此活性。本研究通过原核表达纯化了FIPV RdRp复合物,并建立了体外酶活性检测体系。首次证实FIPV-DF2毒株的NSP12需与NSP7、NSP8形成复合体才能发挥RdRp功能,为进一步探究FIPV RdRp的生物学功能及开发靶向RdRp的抗病毒药物奠定基础。

, authors=杨微1, 卢昀1, 张然1, 张婉婷1, 任瑞文2, 3, 蒋红霞1, 汤有志1, authorsList=杨微, 卢昀, 张然, 张婉婷, 任瑞文, 蒋红霞, 汤有志, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=汤有志, authorNote=

杨微,主要从事基础兽医药理学研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
汤有志,主要从事基础兽医药理学研究,E-mail:
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杨微,主要从事基础兽医药理学研究,E-mail:

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杨微,主要从事基础兽医药理学研究,E-mail:

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unstructuredReference=DUFLOS C,MICHIELS T.Regulation of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases by phosphorylation[J/OL].Front Virol,2023(3):fviro-03-1176840.[2025-11-21].https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virology/articles/10.3389/fviro.2023.1176840/full., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307282348773495108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NOPPAKUNMONGKOLCHAI W,POYOMTIP T,JITTAWUTTIPOKA T,et al.Inhibition of protein kinase C promotes dengue virus replication[J].J Virol,2016,13:35., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307282348874158405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, 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year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SAVILLE J W,BEREZUK A M,SRIVASTAVA S S,et al.Three-dimensional visualization of viral structure,entry,and replication underlying the spread of SARS-CoV-2[J].Chem Rev,2022,122(17):14066-14084., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307282349171953992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIAO Y,MA Q,RESTLE T,et al.Nonstructural proteins 7 and 8 of feline coronavirus form a 2:1 heterotrimer that exhibits primer-independent RNA polymerase activity[J].J Virol,2012,86(8):4444-4454., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307282349255840073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DYSON M R,SHADBOLT S P,VINCENT K J,et al.Production of soluble mammalian proteins in Escherichia coli:identification of protein features that correlate with successful expression[J].BMC Biotechnol,2004,4:32., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307282349331337546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GRABARZ F,LOPES A P Y,BARBOSA F F,et al.Strategies for the production of soluble interferon-alpha consensus and potential application in arboviruses and SARS-CoV-2[J].Life-Basel,2021,11(6):460., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307282351071973707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WILAMOWSKI M,HAMMEL M,LEITE W,et al.Transient and stabilized complexes of Nsp7,Nsp8,and Nsp12 in SARS-CoV-2 replication[J].Biophys J,2021,120(15):3152-3165., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307282351164248396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MAO R,XIONG G,ZHENG H,et al.Effect of ultrasound on the functional properties and structural changes of chicken liver insoluble proteins isolated by isoelectric solubilization/precipitation[J].Ultrason Sonochem,2025,112:107165., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307282351327826253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KIM M J,PARK H S,SEO K H,et al.Complete solubilization and purification of recombinant human growth hormone produced in Escherichia coli[J].PLoS One,2013,8(2):e56168., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307282344382058792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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from the FIPV-DF2 strain

A. Hydrophilic/hydrophobic analysis of NSP12 protein; B. Secondary structure prediction of NSP12 protein; C. Tertiary structure prediction of NSP12 protein; D. Phosphorylation sites prediction of NSP12 protein; E. Transmembrane structure prediction of NSP12 protein; F. Signal peptide prediction of NSP12 protein

, figureFileSmall=Evc6t6Wt2LqTv54q+ApGug==, figureFileBig=wKEF3vVJ85Kp2I/UwdDfvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282343039881499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, language=CN, label=图1, caption=FIPV-DF2毒株NSP12蛋白的生物信息学分析

A. NSP12蛋白亲/疏水性分析;B. NSP12蛋白二级结构预测;C. NSP12蛋白三级结构预测;D. NSP12蛋白磷酸化位点预测;E. NSP12蛋白跨膜结构预测;F. NSP12蛋白信号肽预测

, figureFileSmall=Evc6t6Wt2LqTv54q+ApGug==, figureFileBig=wKEF3vVJ85Kp2I/UwdDfvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282343144739100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Construction and expression of NSP7, NSP8 and NSP12 recombinant plasmids

A. Construction of the NSP7 recombinant plasmid; B. Construction of the NSP8 recombinant plasmid; C. Construction of the NSP12 recombinant plasmid; D. Expression of NSP7 in 293T cells; E. Expression of NSP8 in 293T cells; F. Expression of NSP12 in 293T cells. M. Protein marker; 1. Untreated 293T cell lysate; 2. 293T cell lysate transfected with pcDNA3.1-Flag; 3. 293T cell lysate transfected with pcDNA3.1-Flag-NSP7; 4. 293T cell lysate transfected with pcDNA3.1-HA; 5. 293T cell lysate transfected with pcDNA3.1-HA-NSP8; 6. 293T cell lysate transfected with pcDNA3.1-Myc; 7. 293T cell lysate transfected with pcDNA3.1-Myc-NSP12

, figureFileSmall=tmOHYFUR7D+M+JoZL2knXA==, figureFileBig=Rykqbxle3IKwzuFqKjcSFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282343232819485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, language=CN, label=图2, caption=NSP7、NSP8和NSP12重组质粒构建及表达

A. NSP7重组质粒构建;B. NSP8重组质粒构建;C. NSP12重组质粒构建;D. NSP7在293T细胞中表达;E. NSP8在293T细胞中表达;F. NSP12在293T细胞中表达。M. 蛋白相对分子质量标准;1. 未处理的293T细胞裂解液;2. 转染pcDNA3.1-Flag的293T细胞裂解液;3. 转染pcDNA3.1-Flag-NSP7的293T细胞裂解液;4. 转染pcDNA3.1-HA的293T细胞裂解液;5. 转染pcDNA3.1-HA-NSP8的293T细胞裂解液;6. 转染pcDNA3.1-Myc的293T细胞裂解液;7. 转染pcDNA3.1-Myc-NSP12的293T细胞裂解液

, figureFileSmall=tmOHYFUR7D+M+JoZL2knXA==, figureFileBig=Rykqbxle3IKwzuFqKjcSFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282343329288478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Interactions of NSP7, NSP8, and NSP12

A. The interaction between NSP12 and NSP7 or NSP8 was evaluated by Co-IP; B. The interaction between NSP8 and NSP7 or NSP12 was evaluated by Co-IP; C. The interaction between NSP7 and NSP8 or NSP12 was evaluated by Co-IP; D. The direct interaction between NSP7 and NSP12 was evaluated by Pull-down; E. The direct interaction between NSP7 and NSP8 was evaluated by Pull-down; F. The direct interaction between NSP8 and NSP12 was evaluated by Pull-down; G. The colocalization of NSP8 and NSP12 was evaluated by IFA; H. The colocalization of NSP7 and NSP12 was evaluated by IFA; I. The colocalization of NSP7 and NSP8 was evaluated by IFA. In Figures G to I, the scale bar for the first four rows is 500 μm, and the scale bar for the fifth row is 100 μm

, figureFileSmall=5F6GA0RK+gGGP8Mn4fR6xA==, figureFileBig=iKfD9LuYvoO6gtu6MR0vSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282343429951775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, language=CN, label=图3, caption=NSP7、NSP8和NSP12之间的相互作用

A. Co-IP检测NSP12与NSP7、NSP8的相互作用;B. Co-IP检测NSP8与NSP7、NSP12的相互作用;C. Co-IP检测NSP7与NSP8、NSP12的相互作用;D. Pull-down检测NSP7和NSP12的直接相互作用;E. Pull-down检测NSP7和NSP8的直接相互作用;F. Pull-down检测NSP8和NSP12的直接相互作用;G. IFA检测NSP8和NSP12的共定位;H. IFA检测NSP7和NSP12的共定位;I. IFA检测NSP7和NSP8的共定位。图G~I中,第1-4行分图标尺=500 μm,第5行分图标尺=100 μm

, figureFileSmall=5F6GA0RK+gGGP8Mn4fR6xA==, figureFileBig=iKfD9LuYvoO6gtu6MR0vSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282343526420768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Amplification of NSP7, NSP8 and NSP12 genes and construction of recombinant plasmids

A. Amplification of the NSP7 gene fragment (1-3. NSP7 gene fragment); B. Amplification of the NSP8 gene fragment (1-3. NSP8 gene fragment); C. Amplification of the NSP12 gene fragment (1-3. NSP12 gene fragment); D. Colony PCR identification of the NSP7 recombinant plasmid (1-7. NSP7 positive clones); E. Colony PCR identification of the NSP8 recombinant plasmid (1-7. NSP8 positive clones); F. Colony PCR identification of the NSP12 recombinant plasmid (1-7. NSP12 positive clones); M. DNA marker; N. Negative control

, figureFileSmall=21wP9Y3RNWPP3mU6sb8lRw==, figureFileBig=lcpiCpSccqwDL5/7a+Lbiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282343643861281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, language=CN, label=图4, caption=NSP7、NSP8和NSP12基因扩增及重组质粒构建

A. NSP7基因片段扩增(1~3. NSP7基因片段);B. NSP8基因片段扩增(1~3. NSP8基因片段);C. NSP12基因片段扩增(1~3. NSP12基因片段);D. NSP7重组质粒的菌落PCR鉴定(1~7. NSP7阳性克隆);E. NSP8重组质粒的菌落PCR鉴定(1~7. NSP8阳性克隆);F. NSP12重组质粒的菌落PCR鉴定(1~7. NSP12阳性克隆);M. DNA分子质量标准;N. 阴性对照

, figureFileSmall=21wP9Y3RNWPP3mU6sb8lRw==, figureFileBig=lcpiCpSccqwDL5/7a+Lbiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282343740330274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Purification of NSP7, NSP8, NSP12 and RdRp complex proteins

A. Expression of NSP7 protein under different induction conditions; B. Expression of NSP8 protein under different induction conditions; C. Expression of NSP12 protein under different induction conditions; D. Detection of NSP7, NSP8, NSP12 and RdRp complex proteins by SDS-PAGE; M. Protein marker;1-3. Samples of whole-cell lysate, supernatant, and pellet fractions collected after induction at 37 ℃ for 2 h (220 r·min-1);4-6. Samples of whole-cell lysate, supernatant, and pellet fractions collected after induction at 37 ℃ for 4 h (220 r·min-1);7-9. Samples of whole-cell lysate, supernatant, and pellet fractions collected after induction at 25 ℃ for 6 h (220 r·min-1);10-12. Samples of whole-cell lysate, supernatant, and pellet fractions collected after induction at 16 ℃ for 15 h (180 r·min-1)

, figureFileSmall=q1hr8gT4uWpguH9BWYIe/g==, figureFileBig=/Gk5n3Zxioa2NPhGLMM0Bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282343820022051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, language=CN, label=图5, caption=NSP7、NSP8、NSP12和RdRp复合物蛋白纯化

A. 不同诱导条件下 NSP7 蛋白表达;B. 不同诱导条件下 NSP8 蛋白表达;C. 不同诱导条件下 NSP12 蛋白表达;D. SDS-PAGE 检测 NSP7、NSP8、NSP12 和 RdRp 复合物蛋白。M. 蛋白相对质量标准;1~3. 37 ℃,2 h,220 r·min-1诱导表达后的全菌、上清、沉淀;4~6. 37 ℃,4 h,220 r·min‒1诱导表达后的全菌、上清、沉淀;7~9. 25 ℃,6 h,220 r•min-1诱导表达后的全菌、上清、沉淀;10~12. 16 ℃,15 h,180 r·min-1诱导表达后的全菌、上清、沉淀

, figureFileSmall=q1hr8gT4uWpguH9BWYIe/g==, figureFileBig=/Gk5n3Zxioa2NPhGLMM0Bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282343908102436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=RdRp enzyme activity assay

A. Schematic diagram of primer-template extension by the RdRp complex; B left. Detection of RNA extension products by RNA dye staining; B right. Fluorescence-based detection of RNA extension products; 1. Only primer-template; 2. Primer-template and RdRp complex; 3. Primer-template and NSP12 protein

, figureFileSmall=B3CUzy17OQimMpCv2VsEiw==, figureFileBig=k4i97y8uCgedURgC4H1tQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282343991988517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, language=CN, label=图6, caption=RdRp酶活性试验

A.引物-模板和RdRp复合物延伸示意图;B左.RNA染料检测RNA延伸链;B右.荧光检测RNA延伸链;1.仅含引物-模板;2.引物-模板和RdRp复合物;3.引物-模板和NSP12蛋白

, figureFileSmall=B3CUzy17OQimMpCv2VsEiw==, figureFileBig=k4i97y8uCgedURgC4H1tQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282344113623334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

List of sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

名称

Name

序列(5′→3′)

Sequence

pcDNA3.1-NSP7-FCTATAGGGAGACCCAAGCTGGCTAGCATGGATTACAAGGACGACGATGACAAGTC-TAAGCTGACCGAGATGA
pcDNA3.1-NSP7-RGATCCGAGCTCGGTACCAAGCTTCTGCAGAATGGTGG
pcDNA3.1-NSP8-FCTATAGGGAGACCCAAGCTGGCTAGCATGTACCCTTATGATGTGCCCGACTATGC-CAGCGTGGCCAGC
pcDNA3.1-NSP8-RGATCCGAGCTCGGTACCAAGCTTCTGCAGCTTGGTAG
pcDNA3.1-NSP12-FCTATAGGGAGACCCAAGCTGGCTAGCATGGAGCAAAAGCTCATTTCTGAAGAGGA-CTTGCAGAGCTACCTGAACGAATGC
pcDNA3.1-NSP12-RGTTTAAACGGGCCCTCTAGACTCGAGCTGCAGCACGGTGGAT
pcDNA3.1通用引物-FATGGTGATGCGGTTTTGG
pcDNA3.1通用引物-RTGGCAACTAGAAGGCACAG
pET-30α-NSP7-FTTTAACTTTAAGAAGGAGATATACATATGTCTAAGCTGACCGAGATGAAGTGTAC
pET-30α-NSP7-RGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGCTCGAGTTAATGGTGATGGTGATGATGCTGCAGAATGGT-GGTGTTCTC
pET-30α-NSP8-FTTTAACTTTAAGAAGGAGATATACATATGAGCGTGGCCAGCG
pET-30α-NSP8-RGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGCTCGAGTTAATGGTGATGGTGATGATGCTGCAGCTTGGT-AGTGCG
pET-30α-NSP12-FTTTAACTTTAAGAAGGAGATATACATATGCAGAGCTACCTGAACGAATGC
pET-30α-NSP12-RGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGCTCGAGTTAATGGTGATGGTGATGATGCTGC
pET-30α通用引物-FAGTAGTAGGTTGAGGCCGT
pET-30α通用引物-RCCCCTCAAGACCCGTTT
RNA模板UUUUUUUUUUAUAACUUAAUCUCACAUAGC
RNA引物FAM’-GCUAUGUGAGAUUAAGUUAU
), ArticleFig(id=1307282344197509415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013157998850151, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

序列清单

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

名称

Name

序列(5′→3′)

Sequence

pcDNA3.1-NSP7-FCTATAGGGAGACCCAAGCTGGCTAGCATGGATTACAAGGACGACGATGACAAGTC-TAAGCTGACCGAGATGA
pcDNA3.1-NSP7-RGATCCGAGCTCGGTACCAAGCTTCTGCAGAATGGTGG
pcDNA3.1-NSP8-FCTATAGGGAGACCCAAGCTGGCTAGCATGTACCCTTATGATGTGCCCGACTATGC-CAGCGTGGCCAGC
pcDNA3.1-NSP8-RGATCCGAGCTCGGTACCAAGCTTCTGCAGCTTGGTAG
pcDNA3.1-NSP12-FCTATAGGGAGACCCAAGCTGGCTAGCATGGAGCAAAAGCTCATTTCTGAAGAGGA-CTTGCAGAGCTACCTGAACGAATGC
pcDNA3.1-NSP12-RGTTTAAACGGGCCCTCTAGACTCGAGCTGCAGCACGGTGGAT
pcDNA3.1通用引物-FATGGTGATGCGGTTTTGG
pcDNA3.1通用引物-RTGGCAACTAGAAGGCACAG
pET-30α-NSP7-FTTTAACTTTAAGAAGGAGATATACATATGTCTAAGCTGACCGAGATGAAGTGTAC
pET-30α-NSP7-RGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGCTCGAGTTAATGGTGATGGTGATGATGCTGCAGAATGGT-GGTGTTCTC
pET-30α-NSP8-FTTTAACTTTAAGAAGGAGATATACATATGAGCGTGGCCAGCG
pET-30α-NSP8-RGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGCTCGAGTTAATGGTGATGGTGATGATGCTGCAGCTTGGT-AGTGCG
pET-30α-NSP12-FTTTAACTTTAAGAAGGAGATATACATATGCAGAGCTACCTGAACGAATGC
pET-30α-NSP12-RGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGCTCGAGTTAATGGTGATGGTGATGATGCTGC
pET-30α通用引物-FAGTAGTAGGTTGAGGCCGT
pET-30α通用引物-RCCCCTCAAGACCCGTTT
RNA模板UUUUUUUUUUAUAACUUAAUCUCACAUAGC
RNA引物FAM’-GCUAUGUGAGAUUAAGUUAU
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猫传染性腹膜炎病毒RdRp复合物的表达纯化及酶活性验证
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杨微 1 , 卢昀 1 , 张然 1 , 张婉婷 1 , 任瑞文 2, 3 , 蒋红霞 1 , 汤有志 1
畜牧兽医学报 | 预防兽医 2026,57(2): 965-978
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畜牧兽医学报 |预防兽医 2026 , 57 (2) : 965 -978
猫传染性腹膜炎病毒RdRp复合物的表达纯化及酶活性验证
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杨微1 , 卢昀1, 张然1, 张婉婷1, 任瑞文2, 3, 蒋红霞1, 汤有志1
作者信息
  • 1.华南农业大学兽医学院 广东省兽药研制与安全评价重点实验室,广州 510642
  • 2.南部战区疾病预防控制中心,广州 510507
  • 3.广东省虫媒病毒性传染疾病应急技术研究中心,广州 510507
通讯作者:
汤有志,主要从事基础兽医药理学研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

杨微,主要从事基础兽医药理学研究,E-mail:

Expression, Purification and Enzymatic Activity Verification of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus RdRp Complex
Wei YANG1 , Yun LU1, Ran ZHANG1, Wanting ZHANG1, Ruiwen REN2, 3, Hongxia JIANG1, Youzhi TANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation,College of Veterinary Medicine,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China
  • 2.Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command,Guangzhou 510507,China
  • 3.Guangdong Arbovirus Diseases Emergency Technology Research Center,Guangzhou 510507,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    TANG Youzhi, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-02-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.033
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猫传染性腹膜炎病毒(feline infectious peritonitis virus,FIPV)的非结构蛋白(non structure protein,NSP)12是RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶(RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,RdRp)核心组分,但其与辅助因子NSP7、NSP8之间的相互作用以及RdRp复合体的功能尚不清楚。本研究旨在分析NSP12的分子特征,探究其与NSP7、NSP8的相互作用,并验证RdRp复合体的酶活性。首先,采用生物信息学方法预测NSP12的理化性质及结构特征。为探究FIPV RdRp复合物中NSP7、NSP8和NSP12之间的相互作用,构建了pcDNA3.1-Flag-NSP7,pcDNA3.1-HA-NSP8和pcDNA3.1-Myc-NSP12质粒,转染至293T细胞后,利用免疫共沉淀(co-inmunoprecipitation,Co-IP)、蛋白质体外结合(Pull-down)和间接免疫荧光试验(indirect immunofluorescence assay,IFA)检测蛋白互作及共定位。其次,利用PCR扩增FIPV的NSP7、NSP8和NSP12基因,并将其分别同源重组至pET-30α载体,构建原核表达重组质粒。进一步优化诱导表达条件,采用镍柱亲和层析纯化蛋白,并通过超滤管浓缩获得RdRp复合物。最后,建立FIPV RdRp体外RNA延伸体系,并基于凝胶方法检测RdRp复合物的酶活性。生物信息学分析表明,NSP12为稳定的亲水性蛋白,包含43.51%的α螺旋、45.02%的无规则卷曲以及90个潜在磷酸化位点。Co-IP、Pull-down和IFA试验证实,在293T细胞中NSP7、NSP8与NSP12之间存在相互作用并发生共定位。原核表达结果显示,NSP7和NSP8蛋白以包涵体形式表达,相对分子质量为10和23 ku,NSP12则以可溶性蛋白形式表达,相对分子质量为105 ku。酶活性试验结果表明,RdRp复合物能够延伸RNA模板链,而单独的NSP12则无此活性。本研究通过原核表达纯化了FIPV RdRp复合物,并建立了体外酶活性检测体系。首次证实FIPV-DF2毒株的NSP12需与NSP7、NSP8形成复合体才能发挥RdRp功能,为进一步探究FIPV RdRp的生物学功能及开发靶向RdRp的抗病毒药物奠定基础。

猫传染性腹膜炎病毒  /  RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶  /  NSP7  /  NSP8  /  NSP12  /  酶活性

The non-structure protein (NSP) 12 of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) serves as the catalytic core component of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). However, the molecular mechanisms regulating its interactions with NSP7 and NSP8, as well as the enzymatic activity and function of the RdRp complex, remain to be fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate the molecular characteristics of NSP12, explore its interaction with NSP7 and NSP8, and verify the enzymatic activity of the RdRp complex. Firstly, the physicochemical properties and structural features of NSP12 were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. To investigate the interaction between NSP7, NSP8 and NSP12 in the FIPV RdRp complex, pcDNA3.1-Flag-NSP7, pcDNA3.1-HA-NSP8 and pcDNA3.1-Myc-NSP12 plasmids were constructed and expressed in 293T cells. The protein interactions and co-localization were detected using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), pull-down, and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Secondly, the NSP7, NSP8 and NSP12 genes of FIPV were amplified by PCR and homologously recombined into the pET-30α vector to construct prokaryotic expression recombinant plasmids. The induced expression conditions were further optimized, and the proteins were purified by nickel column affinity chromatography and concentrated using an ultrafiltration tube to obtain the RdRp complex. Finally, an in vitro RNA elongation system for FIPV RdRp was established, and the enzymatic activity of the RdRp complexes obtained above was tested using the gel method. Bioinformatics analysis showed that NSP12 was a stable hydrophilic protein, containing 43.51% α helices, 45.02% random coils and 90 potential phosphorylation sites. The Co-IP, pull-down, and IFA assays confirmed the interaction and co-localization of NSP7, NSP8 and NSP12 in 293T cells. NSP7 and NSP8 were expressed as inclusion bodies, with molecular masses of 10 and 23 ku, respectively. In contrast, NSP12 was expressed as a soluble protein, with a molecular mass of 105 ku. The results of the enzyme activity assay demonstrated that the RdRp complex exhibited the capacity to extend the RNA template strand. Conversely, NSP12 alone exhibited no such activity. In this study, the FIPV RdRp complex was purified by prokaryotic expression and an enzyme activity detection system was established in vitro. It was confirmed for the first time that NSP12 from the FIPV-DF2 strain requires the formation of a complex with NSP7 and NSP8 to exert its RdRp function. This study lays the foundation for further exploring the biological function of FIPV RdRp and developing antiviral drugs targeting RdRp.

feline infectious peritonitis virus  /  RNA-dependent RNA polymerase  /  NSP7  /  NSP8  /  NSP12  /  enzyme activity
杨微, 卢昀, 张然, 张婉婷, 任瑞文, 蒋红霞, 汤有志. 猫传染性腹膜炎病毒RdRp复合物的表达纯化及酶活性验证. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (2) : 965 -978 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.033
Wei YANG, Yun LU, Ran ZHANG, Wanting ZHANG, Ruiwen REN, Hongxia JIANG, Youzhi TANG. Expression, Purification and Enzymatic Activity Verification of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus RdRp Complex[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (2) : 965 -978 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.033
猫传染性腹膜炎病毒(feline infectious peritonitis virus,FIPV)是猫冠状病毒(feline coronavirus, FCoV)的致病性变异株,可引发猫传染性腹膜炎(feline infectious peritonitis,FIP)。该病是一种可导致野猫和家猫死亡的全身性、免疫介导疾病,一旦出现典型的临床症状,病死率接近100%[1]。近年来,随着宠物猫数量的增加,FIP的全球流行率持续上升,对猫科动物健康构成严重威胁。然而,目前尚无针对FIP的特异性抗病毒药物或高效疫苗,临床治疗仍以支持疗法为主,效果有限[2]。因此,深入研究FIPV复制机制,并从中挖掘关键药物作用靶点,是推动FIP防控、保障猫科动物健康领域亟待解决的关键科学问题。冠状病毒的基因组复制和转录依赖于病毒编码的非结构蛋白(non structure protein,NSP)所组成的复制-转录复合体(replication transcription complex,RTC)[3]。其中,RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶(RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,RdRp,即NSP12)是催化病毒RNA合成的核心酶[4],具有结构保守、催化活性中心不易突变等特点,被认为是抗病毒药物设计的理想靶点[5]。研究证明,在其它冠状病毒(如SARS-CoV-2、SARS-CoV)中,NSP12需与辅助因子NSP7、NSP8结合形成复合体,以稳定其构象并激活RdRp功能[6⁃7]。然而,在FIPV-DF2毒株中,NSP12与NSP7、NSP8之间的相互作用模式及RdRp复合体的功能特性尚未明确。尽管已有研究报道FIPV-NSP12的基因序列特征[8],但其蛋白质的分子特性(如结构稳定性、翻译后修饰位点)及其与辅助因子的协同机制仍缺乏系统性解析。此外,针对FIPV-RdRp的体外功能研究受限于具有活性的复合体蛋白制备技术,阻碍了针对该靶点的药物筛选与机制研究。因此,阐明NSP12的分子特征、验证其与NSP7/NSP8的互作关系,并建立具有酶活性的RdRp复合体体外重构方法,对揭示FIPV复制机制及开发新型抗病毒策略具有重要意义。
本研究以FIPV-DF2毒株为对象,首先通过生物信息学分析揭示NSP12为亲水性稳定蛋白及其结构特征。随后,利用真核表达系统验证NSP7/8/12在293T细胞中的互作与共定位关系。为获得功能性RdRp复合体,本研究优化了原核表达体系,分别采用包涵体纯化(NSP7/8)和可溶性表达(NSP12)策略获得纯化蛋白,并成功组装出RdRp复合体。最终,通过体外酶活试验证实NSP12需依赖NSP7/8辅助才能发挥RNA聚合酶功能。本研究不仅首次阐明FIPV RdRp复合体的功能机制,还建立了该复合体的原核表达与纯化体系,为基于RdRp靶点的抗病毒药物研发和酶动力学研究提供了关键技术基础,具有重要的理论价值与应用前景。
FIPV-DF2(GenBank accession number AFH55129.1)毒株购自ATCC;E. coli DH5α和E. coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞购自上海生物工程有限公司;pcDNA3.1和pET-30α载体购自上海君跻生物有限公司。
PCR产物纯化试剂盒、质粒小提试剂盒、DNA凝胶回收试剂盒购自广州飞扬生物工程有限公司;RNA提取试剂盒购自上海飞捷生物技术有限公司;反转录试剂盒购自天根生化科技有限公司;2×Hieff Canace® PCR Master Mix高保真酶预混液、Ni-NTA琼脂糖纯化树脂购自羿圣生物科技有限公司;同源重组酶购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;DNA限制性内切酶、IPTG、PMSF、快速考马斯亮蓝染色液、ATP(100 mmol·L-1)、RNA酶抑制剂、Protein A+G Agarose (Fast Flow, for IP)、生物素快速标记试剂盒(Biotin-LC-NHS)、生物素标记蛋白Pull-Down试剂盒(Agarose Resin)购自碧云天生物技术有限公司;HA-Tag兔单抗购自爱博泰克生物技术公司;Myc-Tag鼠单抗和Flag-Tag鼠单抗购自艾比玛特生物医药有限公司;biotin兔单抗购自Cell Signaling Technology公司。
Buffer A: 50 mmol·L-1 NaH2PO4, 500 mmol·L-1 NaCl, 40 mmol·L-1咪唑,用纯水溶解后调节pH至7.4,经0.22 µm滤膜过滤备用;Buffer B:50 mmol·L-1 NaH2PO4,500 mmol·L-1 NaCl,500 mmol·L-1咪唑,用纯水溶解后调节pH至7.4,经0.22 µm滤膜过滤备用;Buffer C:8 mol·L-1尿素,100 mmol·L-1 NaH2PO4,100 mmol·L-1 Tris·HCl,用纯水溶解后调节pH至7.4,经0.22 µm滤膜过滤备用;Buffer D:100 mmol·L-1 NaH2PO4,100 mmol·L-1 Tris·HCl,用纯水溶解后调节pH至7.4,经0.22 µm滤膜过滤备用;Buffer E:100 mmol·L-1 NaH2PO4,100 mmol·L-1 Tris·HCl,500 mmol·L-1咪唑,用纯水溶解后调节pH至4.5,经0.22 µm滤膜过滤备用。
从NCBI数据库获取FIPV-DF2毒株NSP12的氨基酸序列(GenBank:AFH55129.1:4029-4952),将该序列上传至Expasy PortParam、SOPMA、SWISS MODEL、NetPhos 3.1 Server、TMHMM 2.0和SignalP 6.0在线网站,对其理化性质、结构、磷酸化位点、跨膜区等参数进行预测[9]。
目的基因扩增、重组质粒鉴定以及酶活性试验所需的RNA模板和引物,均由天一辉远基因科技有限公司合成,具体序列见表1。
将FIPV-DF2毒株感染CRFK细胞,待细胞出现明显病变后收集,使用RNA提取试剂盒提取总RNA,再通过反转录试剂盒扩增cDNA。以该cDNA为模板,利用高保真酶和特异性的引物(表1)扩增目的基因。PCR反应结束后,取扩增产物进行1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定,并利用凝胶回收试剂盒回收目的基因片段,测定DNA浓度。将空载质粒于37℃进行双酶切反应15 min,反应产物经凝胶电泳鉴定并回收线性化载体,测定DNA浓度。将回收的目的基因和线性化空载按适当比例混合,利用同源重组酶于37 ℃反应30 min,随后置于4 ℃保存备用。
取10 µL上述同源重组产物加入至DH5α或BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中,轻弹混匀,冰浴30 min,42 ℃金属浴热激45 s,再冰浴3 min;加入900 µL LB培养基,37 ℃振荡培养1 h,取100 µL菌液涂布于相应抗性的LB固体平板,倒置培养12~16 h。挑取平板上生长的单克隆菌落进行PCR鉴定(引物见表1),将鉴定为阳性的菌落送上海生物工程有限公司测序。
将测序验证正确的pcDNA3.1-Flag-NSP7,pcDNA3.1-HA-NSP8和pcDNA3.1-Myc-NSP12质粒转染至293T细胞,24 h后收集细胞,用IP裂解液裂解并离心取上清。取部分上清加入SDS-PAGE上样缓冲液,煮沸,作为Input样本;剩余上清加入相应标签的IP一抗(如抗Flag、HA、Myc抗体,按1∶100稀释),4 ℃孵育过夜,次日再加入Protein A+G Agarose 4 ℃孵育4 h。孵育结束后,2 500 r·min-1离心5 min,沉淀用PBS洗涤5次,最后加入SDS-PAGE上样缓冲液,煮沸,作为IP样本。样本可置于-20 ℃保存用于后续SDS-PAGE电泳检测。
将293T细胞铺于24孔板,转染相应的质粒,24 h后弃掉上清,用预冷PBS清洗1次;4%多聚甲醛室温固定20 min,PBS清洗3次;0.4% Triton X-100透膜5 min,PBS清洗3次;5% BSA室温孵育2 h,PBS清洗3次;加入相应的一抗(1∶1 000 Flag、HA、Myc)4 ℃孵育过夜,PBS清洗3次;加入相应的二抗室温孵育2 h,PBS清洗3次;DAPI染色液孵育5 min,PBS清洗3次;最后使用荧光显微镜观察蛋白共定位情况。
使用生物素标记试剂盒对纯化后的NSP8和NSP12蛋白进行标记,去除游离生物素后调整蛋白浓度至0.5~2.0 mg·mL-1备用。取50 µL链霉亲和素琼脂糖树脂,经Binding Buffer洗涤两次后,与50 µL生物素标记蛋白室温孵育30 min,离心收集树脂并洗涤;加入250 µL Biotin Blocking Solution封闭8 min,再用Binding Buffer洗涤3次;分别加入200 µL转染Flag-NSP7和Myc-NSP12质粒的293T细胞裂解液,4 ℃孵育1 h,经Wash Buffer洗涤3次去除未结合物,洗涤液作为Input样本;最后用Elution Buffer振荡洗脱10 min,收集洗脱液,立即按10∶1比例加入中和缓冲液,作为Pull-down样本。样本置于-20 ℃保存用于后续SDS-PAGE电泳检测。
将Co-IP和Pull-down试验获取的样本进行15% SDS-PAGE凝胶(恒压150 V);待目的蛋白条带充分分离后,通过半干转法(恒流150 mA,转膜60 min)将蛋白转移至NC膜;转膜结束后用5%脱脂牛奶室温封闭2 h;加入经一抗稀释液稀释的一抗(1∶2 000 Flag、HA、Myc和1∶1 000 biotin)4 ℃孵育过夜,TBST洗涤3次(每次10 min),加入相应HRP标记二抗室温孵育1 h,TBST洗涤3次;最后使用ECL化学发光显影液,于化学发光成像系统采集信号。
取测序正确的pET-30α-HIS-NSP7,pET-30α- HIS-NSP8和pET-30α-HIS-NSP12重组质粒过夜培养。首先进行小规模诱导表达,将过夜培养菌液按1∶50接种至含相应抗生素的2 mL LB培养基中,225 r·min-1振荡培养4~5 h(OD600 nm=0.6~0.8),加入1 mmol·L-1 IPTG,分别置于37 ℃,220 r·min-1培养2和4 h,25 ℃,220 r·min-1培养6 h,以及16 ℃,180 r·min-1培养16 h。收集菌体,用无菌PBS洗涤1次,按菌液体积∶PBS=10∶1重悬,超声破碎至菌液澄清,6 000 r·min-1离心5 min,分别取全菌,上清和沉淀进行SDS-PAGE分析。根据结果选择最佳诱导条件进行大规模诱导表达,收集菌体,高压破碎后取上清或沉淀于-80 ℃保存备用。
NSP12蛋白纯化[10]:将破碎上清经0.22 µm滤膜过滤,4 ℃保存。使用AKTA蛋白纯化系统进行蛋白纯化,首先用20%乙醇和纯水依次清洗管道,设置流速为2 mL·min-1;安装镍柱,注意不要产生气泡,依次用5倍柱体积的20%乙醇、纯水、Buffer A平衡柱子,设置流速为2 mL·min-1直至基线平稳;将过滤后的上清样本从A管进样,设置流速为1 mL·min-1,上样结束后将A管置于Buffer A中,冲洗杂蛋白,直至基线平稳;A管置于Buffer A,B管置于Buffer B,设置Buffer B含量0%~100%线性洗脱,时间20 min,流速2 mL·min-1,根据UV280峰值收集洗脱蛋白,收集后的样本置于4 ℃冰箱;依次用5倍柱体积的Buffer B、Buffer A、纯水和20%乙醇冲洗柱子和管道。
NSP7和NSP8蛋白纯化[11⁃12]:将收集的沉淀重悬于8 mol·L-1尿素中,室温混合孵育1 h。取适量镍柱用Buffer C稀释,将孵育后的沉淀10 000 r·min-1 4 ℃离心10 min,取上清与镍柱共同孵育30 min,使蛋白与镍柱充分结合。冲洗AKTA仪器管道和安装镍柱同上,然后用Buffer C平衡柱子和样本洗杂,设置流速为1 mL·min-1直至基线平稳;以1 mL·min-1的速度梯度复性200 min,其中A管放入Buffer C溶液中,B管放入Buffer D溶液中,设置Buffer D含量0%~100%;待复性程序结束,以100% Buffer D 1 mL·min-1的流速运行一段时间,直至基线平稳;A管置于Buffer E,B管置于Buffer D,设置Buffer D含量100%~0%线性洗脱,时间20 min,流速2 mL·min-1,根据UV280峰值收集洗脱蛋白,收集后的样本置于4 ℃冰箱。将纯化后的蛋白用超滤管浓缩和透析,并用BCA试剂盒测定浓度。
RdRp复合物蛋白[13⁃14]:将纯化的NSP7、NSP8和NSP12以1∶2∶1的摩尔比在4 ℃孵育4 h,然后用100 ku超滤管进行浓缩,置于-80 ℃备用。
RdRp酶活性检测参考文献[15⁃16]。将合成的RNA引物和模板分别溶解于缓冲液(25 mmol·L-1 KCl,2.5 mmol·L-1 EDTA,10 mmol·L-1 Tris-HCl,pH 8.0)中,终浓度60 µmol·L-1。将模板和引物1∶1混合,95 ℃变性5 min。取1 µL模板-引物混合液,1 µL ATP(100 mmol·L-1),4.0 μL RdRp复合物(125 ng·μL-1)和4.0 μL RdRp反应缓冲液[40 mmol·L-1 Tris(pH 8.0),50 mmol·L-1 KCl,10 mmol·L-1 MgCl2,2 mmol·L-1 DTT,0.1 mg·mL-1 BSA,1.5 U·μL-1 RNase抑制剂]配成10 μL RdRp酶活性反应体系,37 ℃孵育1 h。反应结束后加入2×Urea-TBE上样缓冲液,95 ℃加热1 min,随后上样至20% Urea-PAGE变性胶,150 V电泳1.5 h,在凝胶成像仪上进行成像。
FIPV-DF2毒株的NSP12基因全长大小为2 772 bp,编码923个氨基酸。Expasy PortParam预测结果显示,NSP12的相对分子质量为104.954 ku,分子式为C4717H7161N1209O1393S58,等电点为5.69,脂肪系数为78.35,消光系数(280 nm)为133 910,不稳定系数为30.51,平均亲水性为-0.179(图1A),表明该蛋白是一种稳定的亲水性蛋白。SOPMA预测NSP12的二级结构包括43.51%的α螺旋、11.47%延伸链和45.02%的无规则卷曲(图1B)。SWISS MODEL预测NSP12的三级结构如图1C所示,其全球模型质量估测(global model quality estimate,GMQE)为0.88,定性模型能量分析(qualitative model energy analysis,QMEAN)为-2.36,说明预测的三维结构准确性较高且误差较小。NetPhos 3.1 Server预测显示,NSP12共有90个磷酸化位点,分别为32个丝氨酸(serine)、26个酪氨酸(tyrosine)和32个苏氨酸(threonine)(图1D)。TMHMM 2.0和SignalP 6.0预测表明,NSP12蛋白为非跨膜蛋白(图1E)且无信号肽(图1F)。
为探究NSP7、NSP8和NSP12之间的相互作用,本研究首先构建了pcDNA3.1-Flag-NSP7(图2A)、pcDNA3.1-HA-NSP8(图2B)和pcDNA3.1-Myc-NSP12(图2C)重组质粒。将空载及各重组质粒转染至293T细胞中,24 h后收集细胞,通过Western blot检测蛋白表达情况。结果显示,所有重组质粒均构建成功,并能正确表达相应目标蛋白,NSP7蛋白大小为10 ku(图2D),NSP8蛋白大小为23 ku(图2E),NSP12蛋白大小为105 ku(图2F)。
为深入探究NSP7、NSP8和NSP12之间的相互作用,将相应重组质粒转染至293T细胞中,24 h后收集样本进行Co-IP试验。结果显示,免疫沉淀NSP12、NSP7和NSP8水平明显升高(图3A);免疫沉淀NSP8、NSP7和NSP12水平明显升高(图3B);同样,免疫沉淀NSP7、NSP8和NSP12水平明显升高(图3C)。Pull-down试验结果表明,biotin标记的NSP12可特异性沉淀NSP7(图3D);biotin标记的NSP8可特异性沉淀NSP12和NSP7(图3E~F)。进一步通过IFA试验观察NSP7、NSP8和NSP12的细胞定位情况,结果显示,NSP8和NSP12主要在细胞质中表达,而NSP7在细胞质和细胞核中均有表达,三者之间存在明显的共定位现象(图3G~I)。以上结果共同证明,NSP7、NSP8和NSP12之间存在直接相互作用。
本研究已证实FIPV-DF2毒株的NSP7、NSP8和NSP12蛋白之间存在相互作用。为进一步应用于RdRp酶活性研究,分别构建NSP7、NSP8和NSP12的原核表达重组质粒。首先,使用特异性引物对FIPV-DF2毒株的NSP7、NSP8和NSP12基因进行PCR扩增,片段大小分别为249 bp(图4A)、585 bp(图4B)和2 772 bp(图4C),均符合预期。将上述基因片段分别连接至pET-30α-HIS载体,经PCR鉴定与测序验证,成功构建NSP7(图4D)、NSP8(图4E)和NSP12(图4F)原核表达载体。
为获得纯化的NSP7、NSP8和NSP12蛋白,首先对诱导表达条件进行优化。将测序正确的原核表达重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌,在不同温度和时间下诱导表达,超声破碎后分别收集全菌、上清和沉淀,进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析。结果显示,NSP7和NSP8在37 ℃诱导2、4 h和25 ℃诱导6 h的包涵体中均表达,其中25 ℃诱导6 h的包涵体中蛋白表达量较高且杂蛋白较少,更利于后续纯化,因此最终选择在1 mmol·L-1 IPTG,25 ℃,6 h条件下诱导表达NSP7和NSP8(图5A、B)。NSP12在37 ℃诱导2、4 h和25 ℃诱导6 h的包涵体中表达,在16 ℃诱导15 h的上清中表达,考虑到包涵体纯化可能会影响蛋白活性,为保证后续RdRp酶活性的稳定,选择在1 mmol·L-1 IPTG,16 ℃,15 h条件下诱导表达NSP12(图5C)。按上述优化条件进行诱导表达,并利用镍柱亲和层析分别纯化NSP7、NSP8和NSP12蛋白。SDS-PAGE结果显示,NSP7、NSP8和NSP12蛋白大小分别为10、23和105 ku(图5D),均与预期一致,表明目的蛋白已成功纯化。为获得RdRp复合物,将纯化后的NSP7、NSP8和NSP12蛋白按比例共同孵育,再经100 ku超滤管浓缩,最终获得含有3种蛋白组分的RdRp复合物(图5D)。
为验证RdRp复合物的酶活性,本研究建立了基于凝胶的检测方法,产生的延伸RNA链越多,代表酶活性越高。结果显示,单独的NSP12蛋白无法发挥酶活性,未检测到RNA延伸链;而由NSP7、NSP8和NSP12共同组成的RdRp复合物则能有效延伸RNA链(图6)。以上结果表明,本研究通过原核表达系统成功纯化出具有酶活性的RdRp复合体。
FIPV作为FCoV的高致死性变异株,是引发FIP的唯一病原体。FIPV的致病机制复杂,其突破肠道局限、感染单核/巨噬细胞的能力与病毒变异(如3c基因缺失、S蛋白突变)密切相关[17⁃18]。然而,其核心复制机制,尤其是NSP12与辅助因子NSP7/NSP8的协同作用长期未被阐明,严重制约了抗病毒策略的开发。本研究首次系统揭示了FIPV-DF2毒株NSP12的分子特性、其与NSP7/NSP8的相互作用模式,以及RdRp复合物的功能依赖性,为靶向该复合物的药物设计提供了理论与技术基础。
生物信息学分析表明,FIPV-DF2 NSP12为稳定的亲水性蛋白,其二级结构以α螺旋(43.51%)和无规则卷曲(45.02%)为主,与SARS-CoV-2 NSP12的预测结构相似[19],提示其在RdRp催化核心中可能通过柔性区域与辅助因子动态结合。值得注意的是,NetPhos预测结果显示,该蛋白含有90个磷酸化位点(32个Ser、32个Thr、26个Tyr),显著多于其他冠状病毒(如SARS-CoV-2-NSP12约含79个磷酸化位点)[19],暗示FIPV NSP12的活性可能受到更复杂的翻译后调控。已有研究表明,磷酸化可通过调节RdRp的亚细胞定位或复合体组装效率影响病毒复制[20⁃21]。例如,登革病毒NS5蛋白的磷酸化修饰可增强其与宿主因子的结合,进而促进复制复合体形成[22]。此外,宿主激酶(如PKR、JNK)也可能通过磷酸化NSP12参与抗病毒通路的激活。例如,猪流行性腹泻病毒NSP12可与宿主E3泛素连接酶RNF7相互作用,其泛素化修饰可抑制病毒复制[23]。因此,FIPV NSP12所具备的多个磷酸化位点可能通过类似机制调控RdRp活性,或成为宿主抗病毒信号的潜在作用靶点。
本研究通过Co-IP、Pull-down和IFA试验证实,FIPV NSP12与NSP7、NSP8在293T细胞中能够形成稳定复合物,且三者主要共定位于细胞质。该结果与SARS-CoV-2、SARS-CoV中的相关研究一致[6⁃7],NSP7和NSP8通过增强NSP12的模板结合能力与持续合成能力,显著提升RdRp活性。体外酶活试验进一步表明,仅当NSP7、NSP8与NSP12共同存在时,复合物才具备RNA链延伸能力,而单独NSP12无催化活性。这与冠状病毒RdRp的作用机制相符,即NSP7和NSP8作为分子伴侣,可通过稳定NSP12的“右手”结构域并促进模板-引物双链的解旋,从而激活其聚合酶功能[7, 24]。然而,FIPV RdRp对辅助因子的依赖性可能更强,SARS-CoV-2 NSP12在体外可表现出较低水平的本底活性[6],而本研究中FIPV NSP12单独存在时未检测到活性,其原因可能与FIPV NSP7和NSP8本身可形成三聚体并在体外表现出一定活性有关[25]。
本研究成功通过原核表达系统制备了纯化的NSP7、NSP8和NSP12蛋白,并利用超滤浓缩法获得了具有功能的RdRp复合物。值得注意的是,NSP7和NSP8在原核表达中主要以包涵体形式存在,需通过变复性步骤进行纯化。包涵体的形成通常与蛋白的疏水区域暴露或结构复杂性较高有关[26⁃27],NSP7和NSP8作为冠状病毒复制复合物的辅助因子,可能含有疏水界面,或需依赖与NSP12的相互作用以维持其天然构象。例如,SARS-CoV-2的NSP7和NSP8在单独表达时也易形成包涵体[28],说明其可溶性表达需要NSP12的辅助。相比之下,NSP12在低温诱导条件下可实现部分可溶性表达,这可能与其整体亲水性强,二级结构中α螺旋与无规则卷曲占主导,减少了疏水核心的暴露和聚集倾向有关[29]。此外,NSP12中较高的无规则卷曲比例也增加其构象灵活性,低温诱导通过减缓蛋白合成速率,使这些柔性区域逐步折叠,从而避免因快速聚集形成包涵体[30]。
本研究系统阐明了FIPV-DF2 NSP12的分子特性及其与NSP7/NSP8的相互作用机制,成功构建了具有酶活性的RdRp复合物,并建立了相应的体外酶活性检测体系。结果表明,NSP12本身不具备催化活性,只有在与NSP7和NSP8共同组成复合物后,才能发挥RdRp功能。这些发现不仅深化了对FIPV复制机制的理解,也为开发靶向RdRp的抗FIP药物奠定了关键基础。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32473093)
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.033
  • 接收时间:2025-05-29
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-02-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-29
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国家自然科学基金(32473093)
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    1.华南农业大学兽医学院 广东省兽药研制与安全评价重点实验室,广州 510642
    2.南部战区疾病预防控制中心,广州 510507
    3.广东省虫媒病毒性传染疾病应急技术研究中心,广州 510507

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汤有志,主要从事基础兽医药理学研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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