Article(id=1307008171613114617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1749398400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789544631149, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1769097600000, pubDateStr=2026-01-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789544631149, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789544631149, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789544631149, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307007396681900041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='568', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769097600000', pubDateStr='2026-01-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789544446392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609890784, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281890638057732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281890738721029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=155, endPage=166, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307008174574293242, articleId=1307008171613114617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Study on Genetic Relationships and Genomic Differences of Local Chicken Breeds in Xinjiang, columnId=1307007413870158054, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to reveal the genetic relationships and genomic differences among 3 Xinjiang local chicken breeds including Baicheng-You chickens, Hetian chickens, and Tulufan chickens, so as to provide references for the protection and utilization of genetic resources of local domestic chickens in Xinjiang at the genomic level. The research took 65 chickens whole-genome resequencing datasets as the research objects and utilized softwares such as Rstudio, Plink, and Pedstats to filter the data. The population genetic structure of different chicken breeds was analyzed through identical by state (IBS) multi-dimensional scaling. Gene infiltration analysis was carried out using Treemix and Dsuite. The selection signals were mined by using the cross population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) and cross population composite likelihood radio test (XP-CLR) methods. After filtering, a total of 10 228 705 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained for analyzing the introgression and selection signals, while 4 657 217 autosomal SNPs with minor allele frequency (MAF)≥0.2 were used for genetic relationship analysis. The results of genetic relationship showed that the genetic distance between Baicheng-You and Tulufan chickens was farthest, and their genetic differentiation coefficient (FST) was 0.077 7, while the genetic distance between Hetian and Baicheng-You, Tulufan chickens were close and the FST was 0.053 5 and 0.056 3, respectively. Furthermore, there was an introgression event between Hetian and Tulufan chickens. The highest score of introgression region located in the chromosome 4, which contained some genes associated with heat tolerance, such as ABLIM2. While selection signals analysis between Baicheng-You and Tulufan chickens identified 70 candidate genes involved in important biological processes. Among them, genes such as CLCN6, ACTA2, CRIM1, and IARS2 might be related to the heat resistance performance; Genes such as BNIP2, DTNA, and RAB3GAP2 might be involved in the regulation of muscle growth; Genes such as AGMO, TSNARE1 might be related to the formation of aggressive behavior in cockfighting. The research clearly revealed the genetic relationships among 3 local chicken breeds in Xinjiang, discovered the genomic infiltration regions and related genes between the Hetian and Tulufan chickens, and identified the genomic selection regions between the Baicheng-You and Tulufan chickens and the candidate genes related to characteristic traits such as heat tolerance, muscle growth, and aggressive behavior of fighting chickens. Thus providing molecular basis for the protection and utilization of the characteristic traits of chicken breeds in Xinjiang.

, authors=Kai YANG1, 2, Dongfeng LI2, Yonggang SHAO3, Manjun ZHAI3, Xianguang BAI1, Lifan ZHANG2, authorsList=Kai YANG, Dongfeng LI, Yonggang SHAO, Manjun ZHAI, Xianguang BAI, Lifan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lifan ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHANG Lifan, E-mail:
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旨在揭示拜城油鸡、和田鸡和吐鲁番鸡等3种新疆地方鸡相互之间的遗传关系和基因组差异,从而在基因组层面为新疆地方鸡遗传资源的保护与开发提供科学依据。本研究以65份鸡的全基因组重测序数据为对象,借助Rstudio、Plink、Pedstats等软件对数据实施过滤处理;通过状态同源(identical by state,IBS)多维标度分析不同鸡种的群体遗传结构,利用Treemix及Dsuite开展基因渗入(gene introgression)分析,采用群体间单倍体扩增纯合性检测(cross population extended haplotype homozygosity,XP-EHH)及跨群体的符合似然比检验(cross population composite likelihood radio test,XP-CLR)挖掘选择信号。数据质控后,10 228 705个常染色体的单核苷酸多态位点(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)用于基因渗入和选择信号的研究,4 657 217个最小等位基因频率(minor allele frequency,MAF)≥0.2的常染色体SNPs则被用来进行遗传关系分析。群体遗传关系分析显示,拜城油鸡和吐鲁番鸡的遗传距离最远,遗传分化系数达到(genetic differentiation coefficient,FST)0.077 7,和田鸡与拜城油鸡及吐鲁番鸡的遗传距离较近,FST分别为0.053 5和0.056 3。且和田鸡与吐鲁番鸡之间存在一次基因渗入,渗入信号最强的区域位于4号染色体,该区域包含ABLIM2等与耐热性能相关的基因。而在拜城油鸡与吐鲁番鸡的选择信号分析中,共筛选出70个参与关键生物学进程的候选基因。其中,CLCN6、ACTA2、CRIM1、IARS2等基因可能与耐热性能相关;BNIP2、DTNA、RAB3GAP2等基因可能涉及肌肉生长调控;AGMO、TSNARE1等基因则可能与斗鸡攻击性行为的形成有关。研究清晰地揭示了新疆3种地方鸡种之间存在的遗传关系,发现了和田鸡与吐鲁番鸡之间存在的基因组渗入区域及相关基因,鉴定了拜城油鸡和吐鲁番鸡之间的基因组选择区域及其中包括的与耐热性、肌肉生长、斗鸡攻击性行为等特色性状相关的候选基因,从而为新疆地方鸡种特色性状的保护和利用提供分子依据。

, authors=杨凯1, 2, 李东锋2, 邵勇钢3, 翟曼君3, 白现广1, 张立凡2, authorsList=杨凯, 李东锋, 邵勇钢, 翟曼君, 白现广, 张立凡, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张立凡, authorNote=

杨凯,助教,硕士,主要从事动物基因组学与统计遗传学的研究,E-mail:

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张立凡,主要从事动物基因组学与统计遗传学的研究,E-mail:
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journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=70, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KANG J S,BAE G U,YI M J,et al.A Cdo-Bnip-2-Cdc42 signaling pathway regulates p38alpha/beta MAPK activity and myogenic differentiation[J].J Cell Biol,2008,182(3):497-507., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286457845047341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=71, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PAGEL M,DAWKINS M S.Peck orders and group size in laying hens:`futures contracts' for non-aggression[J].Behav Processes,1997,40(1):13-25., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286457937322030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=72, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Z H,ZHENG M,ABDALLA B A,et al.Genome-wide association study of aggressive behaviour in chicken[J].Sci Rep,2016,6:30981., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286458025402415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=73, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OKUR V,WATSCHINGER K,NIYAZOV D,et al.Biallelic variants in AGMO with diminished enzyme activity are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder[J].Hum Genet,2019,138(11-12):1259-1266., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307286449112507365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, awardId=2023ZD04064, language=CN, fundingSource=农业生物育种重大项目(2023ZD04064), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307286449183810534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, awardId=KYYJ202008, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(KYYJ202008), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307286443274036128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286443282424737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, companyId=1307286443274036128, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, 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journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, companyId=1307286443374699427, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南京农业大学动物科技学院,南京 210095)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307286443487945638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286443496334247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, companyId=1307286443487945638, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286443504722856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, companyId=1307286443487945638, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307286447682249683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of SNPs on chromosomes after quality control, figureFileSmall=b1Hjv9e7+qFO9t6VFkw7kg==, figureFileBig=avBV0zOLvxWkl3aijCTvpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286447774524372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=CN, label=图1, caption=质控后SNPs的染色体分布示意图, figureFileSmall=b1Hjv9e7+qFO9t6VFkw7kg==, figureFileBig=avBV0zOLvxWkl3aijCTvpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286447879381973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Genetic structure analysis of 3 local chicken populations in Xinjiang

A. The IBS multidimensional scale maps of Baicheng-You chickens, Hetian chickens, Tulufan chickens, and Green jungle fowls; B. The IBS multidimensional scale maps and pair-wise FST of Baicheng-You chickens, Hetian chickens and Tulufan chickens. BCY, HT, TLF, and Outgroup represent Baicheng-You chickens, Hetian chickens, Tulufan chickens, and Green jungle fowl, respectively

, figureFileSmall=Ue1k1NRUBKMexrTqCyi+4A==, figureFileBig=Ffntmu52QMtWH1aLbElNlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286447946490838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=CN, label=图2, caption=新疆3种地方鸡群体遗传结构分析

A.拜城油鸡、和田鸡、吐鲁番鸡和绿原鸡的IBS多维标度图;B.拜城油鸡、和田鸡、吐鲁番鸡的IBS多维标度图及成对FST值。BCY代表拜城油鸡,HT代表和田鸡,TLF代表吐鲁番鸡,Outgroup为绿原鸡

, figureFileSmall=Ue1k1NRUBKMexrTqCyi+4A==, figureFileBig=Ffntmu52QMtWH1aLbElNlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286448013599703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Schematic diagram of gene introgression among 3 chicken populations in Xinjiang, figureFileSmall=PXNqOWr6cIZ3+jN/G3OIDw==, figureFileBig=tohnbdu3qzqNR39EfgtgHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286448122651608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=CN, label=图3, caption=新疆3种地方鸡群体间的基因渗入示意图, figureFileSmall=PXNqOWr6cIZ3+jN/G3OIDw==, figureFileBig=tohnbdu3qzqNR39EfgtgHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286448189760473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The Z-score d_f distribution map of introgression region between Hetian and Tulufan chickens, figureFileSmall=QpDPNCo2taWMaKRATq4hCQ==, figureFileBig=xcIMNfQKX2APMwv+BPGlgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286448252675034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=CN, label=图4, caption=和田鸡与吐鲁番鸡基因渗入区域的Z-score d_f分布图, figureFileSmall=QpDPNCo2taWMaKRATq4hCQ==, figureFileBig=xcIMNfQKX2APMwv+BPGlgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286448319783899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Protein-protein interaction network diagrams of candidate genes in the top 20 introgression regions of Hetian and Tulufan chickens

This figure only retains proteins with interaction relationships, line thickness indicates the strength of data support

, figureFileSmall=cQ3/kicTVYm6bzPugj652A==, figureFileBig=F2UzyXWM7o2QZ/Wv4oXVIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286448382698460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=CN, label=图5, caption=和田鸡与吐鲁番鸡排名前20的渗入区域内候选基因的蛋白互作网络图

本图仅保留有互作关系的蛋白,线条粗度表示相互作用的置信预测度

, figureFileSmall=cQ3/kicTVYm6bzPugj652A==, figureFileBig=F2UzyXWM7o2QZ/Wv4oXVIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286448454001629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Selection signals analysis between Baicheng-You and Tulufan chickens

A, B. Manhattan graph of |XP-EHH| values (A) and XP-CLR scores (xpclr_norm) (B) between Baicheng-You and Tulufan chickens. The genes marked by the arrows contained SNPs with extremely high |XP-EHH| values or located the regions with extremely high XP-CLR scores. The thresholds of the extremely high points of |XP-EHH| and extremely high regions of XP-CLR are set to 2 and 20, respectively

, figureFileSmall=ycpHEUD2iYhDsB5e9FE4Zw==, figureFileBig=uN3mtJ2rs9Kw0Yoo8MNLIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286448525304798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=CN, label=图6, caption=拜城油鸡与吐鲁番鸡的选择信号分析

A、B.拜城油鸡与吐鲁番鸡间的|XP-EHH|值(A)及XP-CLR得分(xpclr_norm)(B)的曼哈顿图。箭头标记的基因包含极高的|XP-EHH|位点,或该基因位于极高的XP-CLR得分区域内。|XP-EHH|和XP-CLR极高点的阈值分别设为2和20

, figureFileSmall=ycpHEUD2iYhDsB5e9FE4Zw==, figureFileBig=uN3mtJ2rs9Kw0Yoo8MNLIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286448600802271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Protein-protein interaction network diagrams of 70 candidate genes between Baicheng-You and Tulufan chickens

This figure only retains proteins with interaction relationships, line thickness indicates the strength of data support

, figureFileSmall=fJ2PSlXvNlF4KndxS6muwQ==, figureFileBig=2Tak+lwrbPnPXr5KR/4saw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286448667911136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=CN, label=图7, caption=拜城油鸡和吐鲁番鸡间70个候选基因的蛋白互作网络图

本图仅保留有互作关系的蛋白,线条粗度表示相互作用的置信预测度

, figureFileSmall=fJ2PSlXvNlF4KndxS6muwQ==, figureFileBig=2Tak+lwrbPnPXr5KR/4saw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286448730825697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The top 20 introgression areas and their related genes between Hetian and Tulufan chickens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

区域排名

Region ranking

区域位置

Region position

染色体

Chromosome

基因位置

Gene position

基因

Gene

1806243378136235148064904980786524ABLIM2
1806243378136235148079397780825261SH3TC1
1806243378136235148085531180877258HTRA3
1806243378136235148093335380968494ACOX3
1806243378136235148096853680981295TRMT44
1806243378136235148114287281147963GPR78
1806243378136235148116325081197855CPZ
2806900008142467148140129781403526SOHO-1
2806900008142467148140997881412649HMX1
3804925698111554647998660180511445SORCS2
3804925698111554648053071080589183AFAP1
61151187001155838162115110507115125929VXN
61151187001155838162115139370115162145MYBL1
61151187001155838162115177217115191152VCPIP1
61151187001155838162115207256115264028SGK3
61151187001155838162115277568115277646SNORD87
61151187001155838162115280942115286441TCF24
61151187001155838162115289879115308471PPP1R42
61151187001155838162115315596115326952COPS5
61151187001155838162115379044115463018ARFGEF1
61151187001155838162115482232115569184CPA6
8479729655763031146452744873781FTO
8479729655763031148781754936909RPGRIP1L
8479729655763031149760464988616AKTIP
8479729655763031149918865011381RBL2
8479729655763031150157425089734CHD9
8479729655763031151766845176790U6
8479729655763031152239795345307TOX3
10655706856642838916583377466173568SOX5
111152305571157089142115620395115787873PREX2
13808024428159962048157696881578308ADRA2C
14656450816649681816645373266480164ETNK1
171153180721158355892115821712115984273C8orf34
19236765372448173612366285023926311KCND2
19236765372448173612443589924484038ANKRD26
201150417181155396452115081599115082672RRS1
), ArticleFig(id=1307286448814711778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

和田鸡与吐鲁番鸡排名前20的渗入区域及基因

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

区域排名

Region ranking

区域位置

Region position

染色体

Chromosome

基因位置

Gene position

基因

Gene

1806243378136235148064904980786524ABLIM2
1806243378136235148079397780825261SH3TC1
1806243378136235148085531180877258HTRA3
1806243378136235148093335380968494ACOX3
1806243378136235148096853680981295TRMT44
1806243378136235148114287281147963GPR78
1806243378136235148116325081197855CPZ
2806900008142467148140129781403526SOHO-1
2806900008142467148140997881412649HMX1
3804925698111554647998660180511445SORCS2
3804925698111554648053071080589183AFAP1
61151187001155838162115110507115125929VXN
61151187001155838162115139370115162145MYBL1
61151187001155838162115177217115191152VCPIP1
61151187001155838162115207256115264028SGK3
61151187001155838162115277568115277646SNORD87
61151187001155838162115280942115286441TCF24
61151187001155838162115289879115308471PPP1R42
61151187001155838162115315596115326952COPS5
61151187001155838162115379044115463018ARFGEF1
61151187001155838162115482232115569184CPA6
8479729655763031146452744873781FTO
8479729655763031148781754936909RPGRIP1L
8479729655763031149760464988616AKTIP
8479729655763031149918865011381RBL2
8479729655763031150157425089734CHD9
8479729655763031151766845176790U6
8479729655763031152239795345307TOX3
10655706856642838916583377466173568SOX5
111152305571157089142115620395115787873PREX2
13808024428159962048157696881578308ADRA2C
14656450816649681816645373266480164ETNK1
171153180721158355892115821712115984273C8orf34
19236765372448173612366285023926311KCND2
19236765372448173612443589924484038ANKRD26
201150417181155396452115081599115082672RRS1
), ArticleFig(id=1307286448902792163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Some genes related to important biological processes in the differential regions between Baicheng-You and Tulufan chickens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

染色体

Chromosome

基因位置

Gene position

基因

Gene

功能

Function

13453570734549257HELB牛的环境适应性(Environmental adaptability of cattle)[31]
16718823767209122KRAS牛骨骼肌生成(Bovine skeletal myogenesis)[32]
21143967811481488PFKP参与鸡的体细胞重编程过程(Participate in the process of somatic reprogramming of chickens)[33]
22783809128021352AGMO斗鸡攻击性行为(Aggressive behavior of gamecock chickens)[34]
2107360212107534708DTNA鸡肌肉发育(Muscle development in chickens)[35]
2118477237118542230CRISPLD1人类心力衰竭(Human heart failure)[36]
2146916969147397126TSNARE1斗鸡情绪调节和神经系统发育相关(Emotion regulation and nervous system development of gamecock chickens)[37]
31884674218887139RAB3GAP2调节人肌纤蛋白分泌(Regulate myocilin secretion of human)[38]
31888688818911956IARS2调节人血管生成(Regulates human angiogenesis)[39]
33239449732555854CRIM1人冠状血管内皮细胞发育(Coronary vascular endothelial cell development of human)[40]
61911804719156066ARHGAP22鼠上调节肌动蛋白细胞骨架(Regulates actin cytoskeleton of mice)[41]
62006266820118932ACTA2鸡羽毛更新循环(Cycle of chicken feather renewal)[42]
71154592211578947ALS2人肌萎缩侧索硬化(Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of human)[43]
1058238125839785BNIP2调节人成肌细胞分化(Regulate the differentiation of human myoblast)[44]
1071852207263560MYO1E抑制小鼠破骨细胞分化(Suppresses osteoclast differentiation of mice)[45]
1349538275426056SLIT3促进鸡细胞肌源性分化(Promote myogenic differentiation of chicken cells)[46]
2155862415605153CLCN6小鼠血管平滑肌收缩力(Vascular smooth muscle contractility of mice)[47]
), ArticleFig(id=1307286448969901028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307008171613114617, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

拜城油鸡与吐鲁番鸡差异区域间部分与重要生物学过程相关的基因

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

染色体

Chromosome

基因位置

Gene position

基因

Gene

功能

Function

13453570734549257HELB牛的环境适应性(Environmental adaptability of cattle)[31]
16718823767209122KRAS牛骨骼肌生成(Bovine skeletal myogenesis)[32]
21143967811481488PFKP参与鸡的体细胞重编程过程(Participate in the process of somatic reprogramming of chickens)[33]
22783809128021352AGMO斗鸡攻击性行为(Aggressive behavior of gamecock chickens)[34]
2107360212107534708DTNA鸡肌肉发育(Muscle development in chickens)[35]
2118477237118542230CRISPLD1人类心力衰竭(Human heart failure)[36]
2146916969147397126TSNARE1斗鸡情绪调节和神经系统发育相关(Emotion regulation and nervous system development of gamecock chickens)[37]
31884674218887139RAB3GAP2调节人肌纤蛋白分泌(Regulate myocilin secretion of human)[38]
31888688818911956IARS2调节人血管生成(Regulates human angiogenesis)[39]
33239449732555854CRIM1人冠状血管内皮细胞发育(Coronary vascular endothelial cell development of human)[40]
61911804719156066ARHGAP22鼠上调节肌动蛋白细胞骨架(Regulates actin cytoskeleton of mice)[41]
62006266820118932ACTA2鸡羽毛更新循环(Cycle of chicken feather renewal)[42]
71154592211578947ALS2人肌萎缩侧索硬化(Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of human)[43]
1058238125839785BNIP2调节人成肌细胞分化(Regulate the differentiation of human myoblast)[44]
1071852207263560MYO1E抑制小鼠破骨细胞分化(Suppresses osteoclast differentiation of mice)[45]
1349538275426056SLIT3促进鸡细胞肌源性分化(Promote myogenic differentiation of chicken cells)[46]
2155862415605153CLCN6小鼠血管平滑肌收缩力(Vascular smooth muscle contractility of mice)[47]
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新疆地方鸡遗传关系和基因组差异研究
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杨凯 1, 2 , 李东锋 2 , 邵勇钢 3 , 翟曼君 3 , 白现广 1 , 张立凡 2
畜牧兽医学报 | 遗传育种 2026,57(1): 155-166
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畜牧兽医学报 |遗传育种 2026 , 57 (1) : 155 -166
新疆地方鸡遗传关系和基因组差异研究
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杨凯1, 2 , 李东锋2, 邵勇钢3, 翟曼君3, 白现广1, 张立凡2
作者信息
  • 1.平顶山学院医学院,平顶山 467000
  • 2.南京农业大学动物科技学院,南京 210095
  • 3.新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
通讯作者:
张立凡,主要从事动物基因组学与统计遗传学的研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

杨凯,助教,硕士,主要从事动物基因组学与统计遗传学的研究,E-mail:

Study on Genetic Relationships and Genomic Differences of Local Chicken Breeds in Xinjiang
Kai YANG1, 2 , Dongfeng LI2, Yonggang SHAO3, Manjun ZHAI3, Xianguang BAI1, Lifan ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Medical,Pingdingshan University,Pingdingshan 467000,China
  • 2.College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China
  • 3.College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHANG Lifan, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.014
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旨在揭示拜城油鸡、和田鸡和吐鲁番鸡等3种新疆地方鸡相互之间的遗传关系和基因组差异,从而在基因组层面为新疆地方鸡遗传资源的保护与开发提供科学依据。本研究以65份鸡的全基因组重测序数据为对象,借助Rstudio、Plink、Pedstats等软件对数据实施过滤处理;通过状态同源(identical by state,IBS)多维标度分析不同鸡种的群体遗传结构,利用Treemix及Dsuite开展基因渗入(gene introgression)分析,采用群体间单倍体扩增纯合性检测(cross population extended haplotype homozygosity,XP-EHH)及跨群体的符合似然比检验(cross population composite likelihood radio test,XP-CLR)挖掘选择信号。数据质控后,10 228 705个常染色体的单核苷酸多态位点(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)用于基因渗入和选择信号的研究,4 657 217个最小等位基因频率(minor allele frequency,MAF)≥0.2的常染色体SNPs则被用来进行遗传关系分析。群体遗传关系分析显示,拜城油鸡和吐鲁番鸡的遗传距离最远,遗传分化系数达到(genetic differentiation coefficient,FST)0.077 7,和田鸡与拜城油鸡及吐鲁番鸡的遗传距离较近,FST分别为0.053 5和0.056 3。且和田鸡与吐鲁番鸡之间存在一次基因渗入,渗入信号最强的区域位于4号染色体,该区域包含ABLIM2等与耐热性能相关的基因。而在拜城油鸡与吐鲁番鸡的选择信号分析中,共筛选出70个参与关键生物学进程的候选基因。其中,CLCN6、ACTA2、CRIM1、IARS2等基因可能与耐热性能相关;BNIP2、DTNA、RAB3GAP2等基因可能涉及肌肉生长调控;AGMO、TSNARE1等基因则可能与斗鸡攻击性行为的形成有关。研究清晰地揭示了新疆3种地方鸡种之间存在的遗传关系,发现了和田鸡与吐鲁番鸡之间存在的基因组渗入区域及相关基因,鉴定了拜城油鸡和吐鲁番鸡之间的基因组选择区域及其中包括的与耐热性、肌肉生长、斗鸡攻击性行为等特色性状相关的候选基因,从而为新疆地方鸡种特色性状的保护和利用提供分子依据。

全基因组重测序  /  鸡  /  遗传结构  /  基因渗入  /  选择信号

This study aimed to reveal the genetic relationships and genomic differences among 3 Xinjiang local chicken breeds including Baicheng-You chickens, Hetian chickens, and Tulufan chickens, so as to provide references for the protection and utilization of genetic resources of local domestic chickens in Xinjiang at the genomic level. The research took 65 chickens whole-genome resequencing datasets as the research objects and utilized softwares such as Rstudio, Plink, and Pedstats to filter the data. The population genetic structure of different chicken breeds was analyzed through identical by state (IBS) multi-dimensional scaling. Gene infiltration analysis was carried out using Treemix and Dsuite. The selection signals were mined by using the cross population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) and cross population composite likelihood radio test (XP-CLR) methods. After filtering, a total of 10 228 705 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained for analyzing the introgression and selection signals, while 4 657 217 autosomal SNPs with minor allele frequency (MAF)≥0.2 were used for genetic relationship analysis. The results of genetic relationship showed that the genetic distance between Baicheng-You and Tulufan chickens was farthest, and their genetic differentiation coefficient (FST) was 0.077 7, while the genetic distance between Hetian and Baicheng-You, Tulufan chickens were close and the FST was 0.053 5 and 0.056 3, respectively. Furthermore, there was an introgression event between Hetian and Tulufan chickens. The highest score of introgression region located in the chromosome 4, which contained some genes associated with heat tolerance, such as ABLIM2. While selection signals analysis between Baicheng-You and Tulufan chickens identified 70 candidate genes involved in important biological processes. Among them, genes such as CLCN6, ACTA2, CRIM1, and IARS2 might be related to the heat resistance performance; Genes such as BNIP2, DTNA, and RAB3GAP2 might be involved in the regulation of muscle growth; Genes such as AGMO, TSNARE1 might be related to the formation of aggressive behavior in cockfighting. The research clearly revealed the genetic relationships among 3 local chicken breeds in Xinjiang, discovered the genomic infiltration regions and related genes between the Hetian and Tulufan chickens, and identified the genomic selection regions between the Baicheng-You and Tulufan chickens and the candidate genes related to characteristic traits such as heat tolerance, muscle growth, and aggressive behavior of fighting chickens. Thus providing molecular basis for the protection and utilization of the characteristic traits of chicken breeds in Xinjiang.

whole genome resequencing  /  chickens  /  genetic structure  /  gene introgression  /  selection signal
杨凯, 李东锋, 邵勇钢, 翟曼君, 白现广, 张立凡. 新疆地方鸡遗传关系和基因组差异研究. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (1) : 155 -166 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.014
Kai YANG, Dongfeng LI, Yonggang SHAO, Manjun ZHAI, Xianguang BAI, Lifan ZHANG. Study on Genetic Relationships and Genomic Differences of Local Chicken Breeds in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (1) : 155 -166 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.014
新疆地区拥有丰富的地方鸡种资源,包括拜城油鸡、和田鸡、吐鲁番鸡等多个具有独特种质特性的国家级地方鸡品种[1⁃2]。其中拜城油鸡原产于新疆阿克苏地区拜城县,骨细肉多,肉味鲜美,育肥后的拜城油鸡皮下均匀分布一层脂肪,因此得名油鸡[2]。吐鲁番鸡原产于新疆吐鲁番盆地,是中国斗鸡的重要品种之一,它以体大、健壮、善斗著称,具有耐高温干旱,抗病力强等特性[2]。和田鸡产于民丰、洛浦两县,具有耐粗饲、耐高温干旱、抗病力强等特点[2]。然而由于长期散养在民间,保种意识和措施欠缺,导致基因混杂问题突出,纯种鸡群数量呈现持续下降趋势[3],解析其品种之间的遗传关系和特征性状相关的分子基础对于新疆地方鸡品种的保护及利用具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。
目前,对于新疆地方鸡品种的研究多集中在其生长和肉蛋性状等方面,如汪家骏等[4]探讨了拜城油鸡不同时期脂肪代谢相关基因的表达规律。古丽娜·巴克和赵晨名[5]分析了A-FABP和H-FABP基因在和田鸡与吐鲁番鸡中的表达模式及其与肌内脂肪(intramuscular fat,IMF)沉积的相关性。而Wang等[6]从全基因组层面揭示了含拜城油鸡、和田鸡等10个中国土鸡品种与体重相关的选择区域与候选基因。Zhang等[7]则从脂质组学角度阐释了和田鸡蛋黄质地的优异表现。尽管上述研究在生长和肉蛋性状方面取得了进展,但对于新疆地方鸡在抗逆性等特色性状方面的遗传机制仍缺乏系统解析。
近年来,全基因组重测序技术为系统挖掘种质资源特征性状的遗传基础提供了有效手段。该技术在是在已知参考基因组的前提下,针对某物种的不同个体或群体开展基因组层面的测序工作,可在基因组层面系统解析不同品种鸡的遗传差异,为鸡特色性状的育种研究提供潜在的分子标记资源[8⁃10]。因此,本研究利用65只鸡的基因组重测序数据,系统剖析了新疆3种地方鸡的群体遗传结构,揭示了品种间的基因交流模式及选择信号特征,以期从基因组水平为新疆地方鸡特色种质资源的保护与利用提供科学依据。
本研究共整合65份鸡的全基因组重测序数据,其中31只拜城油鸡数据来源于SRA数据库(PRJNAT792508)[11],19只和田鸡、8只吐鲁番鸡和7只绿原鸡数据均取自Chicken SD数据库(http://bigd.big.ac.cn/chickensd/)[12]。拜城油鸡样本采自新疆拜城油鸡保种场、和田鸡与吐鲁番鸡分别源自新疆和田与吐鲁番地区、绿原鸡则来自印度尼西亚巴厘岛及中爪哇地区。在测序方面,拜城油鸡DNA取自血样并经苯酚-氯仿法提取,质检、建库后于Illumina NovaSeq 6000平台完成测序[11];和田鸡、吐鲁番鸡和绿原鸡的DNA取自血液或肌肉并经苯酚-氯仿法提取,质检、建库后在Illumina HiSeq/NextSeq平台进行测序[12]。
对下载的原始测序数据进行质控,具体标准如下:1)过滤含有接头序列的reads;2)剔除N碱基占比超过10%的reads;3)去除低质量reads(其中质量值Q≤3的碱基数量占该read总碱基数量的50%以上)。随后借助Burrows-Wheeler Aligner v0.7.15软件[13]的mem-t命令,把得到的Clean reads与鸡参考基因组(Gallus gallus_GRCg6a版本)进行序列比对,并使用PICARD 1.57软件的MarkDuplicates命令(github.com/broadinstitute/picard),对重复序列进行标记并剔除。使用GATK 4.0.0.0软件进行SNP calling[14],具体参数如下:“QD<2.0”,“FS>200.0”,“SOR>10.0”,“MQRankSum<-12.5”,“ReadPosRankSum<-8.0”。使用PLINK v1.90对SNPs进行过滤,在缺失率GENO<0.15的前提下,保留最小等位基因频率(minor allele frequency,MAF)>0.1的SNPs[15],再利用PEDSTATS 0.6.12程序对常染色体位点实施哈迪-温伯格平衡(Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,HWE)筛选,设定筛选阈值为HWE<0.01[16]。
运用RStudio软件中的“adegenet”包测算群体内平均基因多样性(heterozygosity,Hs)[17],分别运用PLINK v1.90软件的--het和--cluster--matrix命令计算观测杂合度(observed heterozygosity,Ho)和状态同源(identical by state,IBS)的多维标度[15]。采用VCFTOOLS 0.1.15软件中的--weir-fst-pop参数测算两个群体间的遗传分化系数(genetic differentiation coefficient,FST)[18]。
研究选取与新疆鸡种遗传距离较远且无明显亲缘关系的绿原鸡作为外群,使用Dsuite的Dtrios命令计算拜城油鸡、和田鸡和吐鲁番鸡两两组合间的f4统计量和D统计量[19],在f4统计分析中,正值意味不同群体间有基因流动现象。同时借助Dsuite软件的Dtrios命令,对每个滑动窗口的距离分数d_f进行测算[20],设定窗口大小5 000 bp,步长500 bp,通过RStudio中的“scale”函数对距离分数d_f进行标准化处理,将标准化后d_f值处于前1%的区域确定为候选渗入区域[21]。此外,本研究运用Treemix软件开展基因流分析,并借助RStudio的“plot_tree”函数,将分析结果可视化呈现为最大似然树图谱[22]。
本研究采用两种方法分析新疆不同鸡种间的选择区域及候选基因,一种方法是基于连锁不平衡的群体间单倍体扩增纯合性检测(cross population extended haplotype homozygosity,XP-EHH),具体步骤如下:1)使用Beagle 4.1软件的java-Xmx[GB]g-jar beagle.jar命令对VCF文件进行单倍体分型,随后在SELSCAN 1.3.0上使用selscan xp-ehh程序计算每个SNP的XP-EHH值[23-24],由于XP-EHH的正负值仅由计算时参考群体与观察群体的选择方向决定,且该值无需标准化处理,因此后续研究采用绝对|XP-EHH|值开展分析[25⁃26];2)将|XP-EHH|值处于前0.1%的SNP判定为差异极显著的位点[27⁃28];3)把|XP-EHH|≥1的SNPs界定为差异显著的位点;4)以差异极显著的SNP为核心向两侧延伸,直至出现连续2个以上差异不显著的SNPs时停止延伸。此外,当某个区域内包含5个以上差异显著的SNPs,并且相邻的SNPs间隔不含有2个或2个以上差异不显著的SNPs时,该区域也会被认定为候选区域。另一种方法是基于等位基因频率变化的跨群体的符合似然比检验(cross population composite likelihood radio test,XP-CLR)[29],本研究设置非重叠式滑动窗口长度为25 kb,每个窗口内最多包含500个SNPs,连锁不平衡值(linkage disequilibrium,LD)设定为0.95[30],将XP-CLR_norm值位于前1%的区域确定为候选区域。最后,将所得到的候选区域与Ensembl参考基因组注释文件进行比对,以此来确定候选基因,并在STRING数据库(https://cn.string-db.org/)进行候选基因蛋白互作网络构建。
通过对重测序数据质量进行统计,拜城油鸡、和田鸡、吐鲁番鸡与绿原鸡质控后Clean reads平均长度分别为30 857 287、50 129 299、44 540 522、43 561 060 bp,平均覆盖深度分别为7.67×、6.06×、5.41×、5.13×,平均映射比率分别为98.40%、98.65%、98.90%、97.96%。
经过基因组比对和SNP注释后,在65个样本上共获得31 217 947个SNPs,经过质控后,共计10 228 705个常染色体SNPs用于基因渗入和选择信号分析(图1)。同时,本研究中使用MAF≥0.2的4 657 217个常染色体SNPs进行群体遗传关系分析。
IBS多维标度分析结果显示,拜城油鸡和吐鲁番鸡的成对FST值为0.077 7,在3组比较中遗传分化程度最大,和田鸡与拜城油鸡及吐鲁番鸡的FST值分别为0.053 5和0.056 3,显示出较近的遗传距离(图2)。同时,在IBS多维标度中绿原鸡单独聚为一簇(图2A),与新疆3种本地鸡种间显示出较远的遗传距离。此外,拜城油鸡、和田黑鸡和吐鲁番鸡的观测杂合度分别为0.364 5、0.285 5、0.296 0,群体内基因多样性分别为0.567 7、0.565 7、0.490 9。
Dsuite结果显示,当以拜城油鸡为P1,和田鸡为P2,吐鲁番鸡为P3时,D统计值为0.003 7,f4-ratio为0.046 2,这表明三者之间可能存在基因渗入。进一步借助TreeMix分析发现,拜城油鸡、和田鸡和吐鲁番鸡之间存在一次迁移事件,为和田鸡向吐鲁番鸡的基因渗入(图3)。随后对每个滑动窗口的距离分数d_f进行了计算[20],共得到13 647个选择区域。从其中选取Z-score d_f排名前1%的136个区域作为候选区域进行基因挖掘[21],分析显示排名居前的渗入区域主要分布在2、4和11号染色体上,其中位于4号染色体的80 624 337-81 362 351区域得分最高(表1和图4),该区域涵盖ABLIM2、SH3TC1、HTRA3、ACOX3、TRMT44和GPR78等基因。排名前20渗入区域内的基因蛋白互作网络显示交互得分最高的基因对为ABLIM2和SH3TC1(图5)。
通过使用XP-EHH的方法筛选出的2 481个差异区域,涉及433个基因,XP-CLR方法则获得了包含233个基因的384个差异区域。进一步选取两种方法的交集,最终确定70个候选基因,发现其中包括CLCN6、ACTA2等和耐热性能相关的基因,BNIP2、DTNA、RAB3GAP2等和肌肉生长相关的基因,以及AGMO、TSNARE1等和攻击性行为相关的基因(表2)。此外,这些基因中还包括具有极高|XP-EHH|值的PARD3、CRIM1,以及位于极高XP-CLR区域内的IARS2、ARHGAP22和SLIT3等基因(图6)。70个候选基因蛋白互作网络显示交互得分其最高的基因对为IARS2和EPRS(图7)。
新疆地域广袤,吐鲁番鸡、和田鸡和拜城油鸡分布于不同区域,各地自然条件差异显著,加之牧民养殖过程中受不同程度人工选择的影响,这些地方鸡种在表型及生产性能上呈现出不同程度的差异。本研究结果显示,拜城油鸡、和田鸡和吐鲁番鸡在IBS多维标度分析中明显分为3类,其中拜城油鸡与吐鲁番鸡的遗传距离较远,而和田鸡与拜城油鸡及吐鲁番鸡的遗传距离较近(图2),基因渗入分析结果进一步证实,吐鲁番鸡与和田鸡之间存在基因流动现象(图3)。虽缺乏和田鸡与吐鲁番鸡杂交的直接历史记载,但古丝绸之路中段途经和田与吐鲁番地区[48],频繁的贸易往来为两地区鸡种的血缘交流创造了便利条件。一般来说,吐鲁番盆地与和田地区年平均气温均较高,尤其吐鲁番地区夏季气温高达49.7 ℃[49],而拜城油鸡产地气候温和,年均气温17 ℃[2],由此,为适应炎热的气候,当地的鸡种可能具有更好的耐热性。
本研究在和田鸡与吐鲁番鸡间排名第一的基因渗入区域中发现ABLIM2这一与心血管系统相关的候选基因,结合禽类通过调节体表血流量(如鸡冠、裸足等部位)和呼吸道蒸发作用维持体温平衡的生理学基础[50⁃52],提示该基因可能通过调控血管舒张或血液循环参与禽类热应激响应机制。值得注意的是,早期胚胎发育阶段的热应激可能通过调控ABLIM2基因的甲基化水平影响心肌细胞增殖[53],这一现象在高温孵化降低雏鸡心脏重量的研究中得到佐证[54, 55]。由此推测,自然选择可能通过保留ABLIM2基因的特定变异,以调控胚胎期心脏发育的方式提升成年鸡种在高温环境下的生存适应性。此外,蛋白互作网络分析显示,ABLIM2和SH3TC1之间存在最高的互作评分,然而目前尚未见SH3TC1在鸡或相关功能中的研究报道。而在吐鲁番鸡与拜城油鸡的对比中,同样发现了可能与鸡耐热性能相关的基因,如与鸡羽毛更新循环相关的ACTA2以及与循环和心血管系统发育相关的CLCN6、Crim1和IARS2等。其中,ACTA2将真皮乳头干细胞划分以促进鸡从用于保温的出生羽毛到用于简单飞行的幼年羽毛的更新[42],这可能改善其耐热性能。CLCN6则可能通过影响高尔基体钙储备来调节血压、维持血管平滑肌功能等途径在极端高温中保障禽类外周血管舒张的生理响应[47,56]。而Crim1和IARS2虽在鸡中尚未建立与耐热性的直接关联,但基于其在小鼠心脏形态发生(Crim1)和人血管生成调控(IARS2)中的功能基础[39,57],推测Crim1和IARS2可能通过影响心血管系统发育,间接增强高温环境下血液循环系统的代偿能力。此外,蛋白互作网络显示IARS2和EPRS之间存在最高的互作评分,目前尚未看到EPRS在鸡上的研究,但鼠上的研究显示其与心脏纤维化之间存在联系[58]。这些发现提示,吐鲁番鸡的耐干热适应性可能源于心血管功能相关基因的多层次协同演化—既包含直接影响血管动态调节的即时响应基因(如CLCN6),也涉及决定心血管系统发育潜力的基础调控基因(Crim1、IARS2)。尽管目前针对以上基因在鸡上的功能研究尚不完善,但本研究通过物种间功能类比和机制探讨,为解析鸡耐热性状的分子调控网络提供了新的基因素材。
另一方面,本研究也在拜城油鸡与吐鲁番鸡的选择信号中鉴定出了一批与肌肉生长相关的基因,如RAB3GAP2、Bnip-2和DNTA等。已有的研究发现,相同日龄拜城公母鸡的腿肌率均比吐鲁番鸡要高[59⁃60],这些基因可能通过协同调控肌细胞分化与发育的分子网络,塑造其独特的肌肉生长模式。具体而言,RAB3GAP2作为肌纤蛋白MYOC分泌的调控枢纽,或通过激活TGF-β信号通路增强C2C12肌肉细胞分化效率,从而提升骨骼肌的累积速率[38,61];Bnip-2则可能通过与促进肌生成的细胞表面受体Cdo相互作用,刺激GTP酶Cdc42活性,进而促进p38α/β活性和肌原性分化,为肌纤维的发育提供分子基础[62]。目前RAB3GAP2和Bnip-2在小鼠细胞上的研究已经表明它们与肌肉发育过程息息相关,但在鸡上功能仍然知之甚少。值得注意的是,DNTA基因外显子区检测到与鸡肌肉发育显著相关的突变位点,提示该基因可能通过调控肌细胞直接影响肌肉组织生长[35]。这些发现共同揭示了拜城油鸡肌肉发育优势的潜在遗传机制,包括肌原性分化通路的正向调控元件(RAB3GAP2、Bnip-2)与肌细胞增殖的关键调控靶点(DNTA)等,为解析地方鸡种肌肉生长性状的分子调控框架提供了新线索。
此外,本研究在拜城油鸡与吐鲁番鸡之间还鉴定出了AGMO和TSNARE1等可能与斗鸡攻击行为相关的候选基因。中国斗鸡的攻击性行为和生存竞争与社会层级建立等活动相关[63],虽然可能有利于其生存,但同时可能导致鸡身体损伤、死亡率增加以及造成外观缺陷,从而产生严重的经济损失[64]。已有的关于中国斗鸡选择信号的研究发现AGMO基因位于最强的择性信号区域内[34],同时,人上的研究表明AGMO变异与神经发育障碍有关[65],这暗示AGMO基因可能通过调控神经系统的方式参与斗鸡攻击性行为的中枢调控网络。此外,在Ren等[37]关于全球斗鸡起源模式与选择标签的研究中,TSNARE1作为唯一一个被6个斗鸡种群选择的基因而引起关注,它可能通过作用于斗鸡情绪调节和神经系统发育而影响其攻击性。需要指出的是,由于吐鲁番鸡的样本数有限,以上结果后续还需要更多的研究来支持。
本研究基于全基因组重测序数据揭示了新疆3种地方鸡种之间的遗传关系,发现拜城油鸡与吐鲁番鸡遗传距离较远,和田鸡与拜城油鸡及吐鲁番鸡的遗传距离较近,且和田鸡与吐鲁番鸡存在一定程度的基因渗入,在二者之间存在136个候选渗入区域,其中渗入得分最高的区域内包含了ABLIM2等与耐热性能相关的基因,为揭示新疆地方鸡适应高温干旱环境的遗传机制提供了关键线索。此外,在拜城油鸡和吐鲁番鸡的选择信号中共鉴定出70个参与重要生物学过程的候选基因,其中包括CLCN6、ACTA2、Crim1、IARS2等与耐热性能相关的基因,Bnip-2、DTNA、RAB3GAP2等与肌肉生长相关的基因以及AGMO和TSNARE1等与斗鸡攻击性行为相关的基因,为揭示新疆地方鸡品种耐热性、肌肉发育以及攻击性行为等特色性状的遗传机制提供依据。然而,上述候选基因如何影响特色性状目前尚缺乏试验性证据,因此后续需进一步对这些基因功能进行深入研究,以验证候选基因的生物学作用。研究结果所鉴定的特色性状相关基因为今后开展针对性分子选育、性状改良及品种纯化提供了关键靶点,对推动地方鸡种资源保护与可持续利用具有明确的实践意义。
  • 农业生物育种重大项目(2023ZD04064)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(KYYJ202008)
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2026年第57卷第1期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.014
  • 接收时间:2025-06-09
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-01-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-09
基金
农业生物育种重大项目(2023ZD04064)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(KYYJ202008)
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    1.平顶山学院医学院,平顶山 467000
    2.南京农业大学动物科技学院,南京 210095
    3.新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

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张立凡,主要从事动物基因组学与统计遗传学的研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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