Article(id=1307007655336240029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1747929600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789544508060, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1769097600000, pubDateStr=2026-01-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789544508060, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789544508060, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789544508060, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307007396681900041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='568', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769097600000', pubDateStr='2026-01-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789544446392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609890784, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281890638057732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281890738721029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=246, endPage=257, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307007655537566622, articleId=1307007655336240029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=The Regulatory Role of Androgen Receptor in the Development of Ovarian Granulosa Cells in Sheep, columnId=1307007399437562052, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which knockdown of androgen receptor (AR) in sheep affects the development of ovarian granulosa cells (GC). The healthy, adult sheep was selected as experimental subjects, employing surgical procedures to obtain ovarian tissue, from which granulosa cells were subsequently isolated and characterized.After silencing AR expression in granulosa cells (GCs), cell proliferation and estradiol (E2) production were assessed in sheep ovarian GCs through CCK-8 and ELISA techniques.Furthermore, after AR knockdown, key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) affecting ovarian granulosa cell development were identified through transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). These genes were subjected to functional enrichment analysis, and signaling pathways involved in granulosa cell development, along with their associated DEGs, were validated using RT-qPCR and Western blot assays.The results demonstrated that the study successfully isolated and identified granulosa cells, and that knockdown of AR significantly reduces the proliferation activity of these cells.More importantly, after AR was knocked down, 1 187 differentially expressed genes was identified through transcriptome sequencing, with 465 genes upregulated and 722 genes downregulated.Based on these differentially expressed genes, key signaling pathways involved in granulosa cell development were identified, including the PI3K-Akt pathway and the estrogen signaling pathway. The key genes PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, ESR2, CYP19A1, BAX, BAX/BCL2, and Caspase3 were further validated.Following AR silencing, the expression levels of critical genes within the PI3K-Akt signaling cascade—specifically PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Similarly, key genes associated with estrogen biosynthesis, ESR2 and CYP19A1, exhibited significant downregulation (P<0.05). Conversely, genes linked to cellular proliferation, including BAX, the BAX/BCL2 ratio, and Caspase3, showed a significant increase in expression (P<0.05). In summary, these findings suggest that knocking down AR in sheep ovarian granulosa cells may influence cell proliferation and hormone synthesis through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and the estrogen signaling pathway, thereby participating in the process of cellular development.

, authors=Rongqing LI1, Rigele TE3, Shaoyin FU3, Xiaolong HE3, Lai DA3, Liwei WANG3, Yuanshuai GAO1, Wenjia ZHANG1, Zhiqiang XIE1, Huiguo YANG4, Biao WANG3, Yongbin LIU2, authorsList=Rongqing LI, Rigele TE, Shaoyin FU, Xiaolong HE, Lai DA, Liwei WANG, Yuanshuai GAO, Wenjia ZHANG, Zhiqiang XIE, Huiguo YANG, Biao WANG, Yongbin LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Biao WANG, Yongbin LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
WANG Biao, E-mail:
LIU Yongbin, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307007657236259756, articleId=1307007655336240029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=CN, title=雄激素受体对绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞发育的调控作用, columnId=1307007399861186759, journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, columnName=生物技术与繁殖, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

旨在探究敲低雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)后对绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞(granulosa cells,GC)发育的影响机制。本研究选取健康成年绵羊为试验对象,手术法采集卵巢,分离并鉴定绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞。敲低绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞的AR,通过CCK-8法、ELISA法检测绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞的增殖活性和雌二醇(estradiol,E2)的分泌水平。敲低AR后通过转录组测序(transcriptome Sequencing,RNA-seq)筛选影响绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞发育的关键差异表达基因(DEGs),对其进行功能富集分析,并利用RT-qPCR和Western blot验证与绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞发育相关的信号通路及其差异基因。结果表明,本研究成功分离并鉴定了绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞;敲低AR后会显著降低绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞的增殖活性。当AR被敲低后,通过转录组测序筛选到1 187个差异基因,465个基因上调,722个基因下调。根据这些差异基因筛选出对绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞发育具有重要调控作用的关键信号通路:PI3K-Akt信号通路和雌激素信号通路,并对关键基因PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、ESR2、CYP19A1、BAX、BAX/BCL2、Caspase3进行验证;敲低AR后PI3K-Akt信号通路中关键基因PI3K、AKT、p-AKT显著下调(P<0.05),雌激素合成关键基因ESR2、CYP19A1显著下调(P<0.05),而细胞增殖相关基因BAX、BAX/BCL2、Caspase3显著上调(P<0.05)。综上所述,本研究发现敲低绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞AR后,可能通过PI3K-Akt信号通路和雌激素信号通路来影响绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞的增殖和激素合成,从而参与细胞的发育过程。

, authors=李容青1, 特日格勒3, 付绍印3, 何小龙3, 达赖3, 王力伟3, 高元帅1, 张文佳1, 解志强1, 杨会国4, 王标3, 刘永斌2, authorsList=李容青, 特日格勒, 付绍印, 何小龙, 达赖, 王力伟, 高元帅, 张文佳, 解志强, 杨会国, 王标, 刘永斌, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王标, 刘永斌, authorNote=

李容青,博士,主要从事绵羊遗传资源与干细胞生物学研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王标,主要从事绵羊分子育种与遗传改良研究,E-mail:
刘永斌,主要从事绵羊种业科技创新与草食家畜育种理论、生殖发育及表观遗传调控机制研究,E-mail:
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李容青,博士,主要从事绵羊遗传资源与干细胞生物学研究,E-mail:

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李容青,博士,主要从事绵羊遗传资源与干细胞生物学研究,E-mail:

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label=Fig.1, caption=Identification of sheep ovarian granulosa cells and localization of AR in granulosa cells, figureFileSmall=2gptnlMdjkKUbJasJ6seKg==, figureFileBig=hRbE4Fk4aUR/q86ePRi6YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286557258445384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007655336240029, language=CN, label=图1, caption=绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞的鉴定与AR在颗粒细胞的定位, figureFileSmall=2gptnlMdjkKUbJasJ6seKg==, figureFileBig=hRbE4Fk4aUR/q86ePRi6YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286557350720073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007655336240029, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of AR knockdown on the proliferative activity of granulosa cells

A. Validation of 3 siRNA sequences;B. State of granulosa cells following AR knockdown;C. Effect of AR knockdown on cell proliferation.*.P<0.05, the same as below

, figureFileSmall=lV2J1vQXH0lsPfEhmURD9w==, figureFileBig=ecrd9rX2uibUqMS3+0u7Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286557430411850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007655336240029, language=CN, label=图2, caption=敲低AR对颗粒细胞增殖活性的影响

A.3条siRNA序列的鉴定;B.敲低AR后GC细胞状态;C.敲低AR后对细胞增殖的影响。*.P<0.05,下同

, figureFileSmall=lV2J1vQXH0lsPfEhmURD9w==, figureFileBig=ecrd9rX2uibUqMS3+0u7Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286557518492235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007655336240029, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Transcriptome quality control and analysis

A. Samples correlation analysis, ***.P<0.001; B. Principal component analysis (PCA); C. Violin diagram; D. Differential gene clustering heat map; E. Differential genes volcano map

, figureFileSmall=rnGdaluD9ta5yVRu46N//A==, figureFileBig=LxrGgEQznBhtbEQo9vjeNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286557581406796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007655336240029, language=CN, label=图3, caption=转录组质控与分析

A.样本相关性分析,***.P<0.001;B.主成分分析;C.小提琴图;D.差异基因聚类热图;E.差异基因火山图

, figureFileSmall=rnGdaluD9ta5yVRu46N//A==, figureFileBig=LxrGgEQznBhtbEQo9vjeNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286557644321357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007655336240029, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Transcriptome enrichment analysis

A. Differential genes GO enrichment analysis; B. Differential genes KEGG enrichment analysis; C. KEGG enrichment pathways network diagram;D, E. GSEA enrichment analysis of KEGG pathways

, figureFileSmall=VUzGYwpEwd/xBgkV4+uzHA==, figureFileBig=JFD4RxJ00bKPL/AwysSfXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286557703041614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007655336240029, language=CN, label=图4, caption=转录组富集分析

A.差异基因GO富集分析;B.差异基因KEGG富集分析;C.KEGG富集通路网络图;D、E.KEGG通路GSEA富集分析

, figureFileSmall=VUzGYwpEwd/xBgkV4+uzHA==, figureFileBig=JFD4RxJ00bKPL/AwysSfXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286557770150479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007655336240029, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Transcriptome differential genes validation

A, B. Changes in protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT;C. Alterations in estrogen secretion by granulosa cells;D. Changes in mRNA expression levels of estrogen-related genes;E & F. Changes in proteins expression levels of estrogen-related genes;G. Changes in mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes;H & I. Changes in proteins expression levels of apoptosis-related genes.*.P<0.05; **.P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=cALu39wmdBrN5EjB7F2JxA==, figureFileBig=txI81mzggVG1xEy/IeG5Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286557841453648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007655336240029, language=CN, label=图5, caption=转录组差异基因验证

A、B.PI3K、AKT、p-AKT的蛋白表达量变化;C.GC分泌雌激素变化;D.雌激素相关基因mRNA表达量变化;E、F.雌激素相关基因蛋白表达量变化;G.凋亡相关基因的mRNA表达量变化;H、I.凋亡相关基因的蛋白表达量变化。*.P<0.05;**.P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=cALu39wmdBrN5EjB7F2JxA==, figureFileBig=txI81mzggVG1xEy/IeG5Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286557912756817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007655336240029, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

siRNA interference sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

编号

Number

序列(5′→3′)

Sense

互补序列(5′→3′)

Antisense

siRNA-1GCUGCUCCACCGAUCUUAATTUUAAGAUCGGUGGAGCAGCTT
siRNA-2GCGCCAAGGAGUUGUGUAATTUUACACAACUCCUUGGCGCTT
siRNA-3GGAGCUCUCACUUGUGGAATTUUCCACAAGUGAGAGCUCCTT
), ArticleFig(id=1307286557979865682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007655336240029, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

siRNA干扰序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

编号

Number

序列(5′→3′)

Sense

互补序列(5′→3′)

Antisense

siRNA-1GCUGCUCCACCGAUCUUAATTUUAAGAUCGGUGGAGCAGCTT
siRNA-2GCGCCAAGGAGUUGUGUAATTUUACACAACUCCUUGGCGCTT
siRNA-3GGAGCUCUCACUUGUGGAATTUUCCACAAGUGAGAGCUCCTT
), ArticleFig(id=1307286558046974547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007655336240029, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Quantitative primer sequences for real-time PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

基因名称

Gene name

引物序列(5′→3′)

Primer sequences

退火温度/℃

Annealing temperature

ARForwardTATGGGGACATGCGTTTGGA60
ReverseTGCTGGCACACAGGTACTTC
GAPDHForwardGTTTGTGATGGGCGTGAACC58
ReverseGCGTGGACAGTGGTCATAAGT
BCL2ForwardGGGGTCATGTGTGTGGAGAG60
ReverseTGCAGCTCCACAAAGGCGTC
BAXForwardTTCCGACGGCAACTTCAACT60
ReverseCTGATCAACTCGGGCACCTT
Caspase3ForwardTTCAGAGGGGACTGTTGCAG60
ReverseCAGTCCAGTTCTGTGCCTCG
ESR2ForwardAGAAGATTCCGGGCTTCGTG60
ReverseGAGCAAAGATGAGCTTGCCG
CYP19A1ForwardTCGTCCTGGTCACCCTTCTG60
ReverseCGGTCTCTGGTCTCGTCTGG
), ArticleFig(id=1307286559716307540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007655336240029, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

RT-qPCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

基因名称

Gene name

引物序列(5′→3′)

Primer sequences

退火温度/℃

Annealing temperature

ARForwardTATGGGGACATGCGTTTGGA60
ReverseTGCTGGCACACAGGTACTTC
GAPDHForwardGTTTGTGATGGGCGTGAACC58
ReverseGCGTGGACAGTGGTCATAAGT
BCL2ForwardGGGGTCATGTGTGTGGAGAG60
ReverseTGCAGCTCCACAAAGGCGTC
BAXForwardTTCCGACGGCAACTTCAACT60
ReverseCTGATCAACTCGGGCACCTT
Caspase3ForwardTTCAGAGGGGACTGTTGCAG60
ReverseCAGTCCAGTTCTGTGCCTCG
ESR2ForwardAGAAGATTCCGGGCTTCGTG60
ReverseGAGCAAAGATGAGCTTGCCG
CYP19A1ForwardTCGTCCTGGTCACCCTTCTG60
ReverseCGGTCTCTGGTCTCGTCTGG
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雄激素受体对绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞发育的调控作用
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李容青 1 , 特日格勒 3 , 付绍印 3 , 何小龙 3 , 达赖 3 , 王力伟 3 , 高元帅 1 , 张文佳 1 , 解志强 1 , 杨会国 4 , 王标 3 , 刘永斌 2
畜牧兽医学报 | 生物技术与繁殖 2026,57(1): 246-257
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畜牧兽医学报 |生物技术与繁殖 2026 , 57 (1) : 246 -257
雄激素受体对绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞发育的调控作用
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李容青,博士,主要从事绵羊遗传资源与干细胞生物学研究,E-mail:

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李容青,博士,主要从事绵羊遗传资源与干细胞生物学研究,E-mail:

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李容青1 , 特日格勒3, 付绍印3, 何小龙3, 达赖3, 王力伟3, 高元帅1, 张文佳1, 解志强1, 杨会国4, 王标3 , 刘永斌2
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古大学,呼和浩特 010000
  • 2.内蒙古农业大学,呼和浩特 010000
  • 3.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特 010000
  • 4.新疆维吾尔自治区畜牧科学院,乌鲁木齐 830011
通讯作者:
王标,主要从事绵羊分子育种与遗传改良研究,E-mail:
刘永斌,主要从事绵羊种业科技创新与草食家畜育种理论、生殖发育及表观遗传调控机制研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

李容青,博士,主要从事绵羊遗传资源与干细胞生物学研究,E-mail:

The Regulatory Role of Androgen Receptor in the Development of Ovarian Granulosa Cells in Sheep
Rongqing LI1 , Rigele TE3, Shaoyin FU3, Xiaolong HE3, Lai DA3, Liwei WANG3, Yuanshuai GAO1, Wenjia ZHANG1, Zhiqiang XIE1, Huiguo YANG4, Biao WANG3 , Yongbin LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010000,China
  • 2.Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010000,China
  • 3.Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010000,China
  • 4.Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Animal Science,Urumqi 830011,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    WANG Biao, E-mail:
    LIU Yongbin, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.021
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旨在探究敲低雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)后对绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞(granulosa cells,GC)发育的影响机制。本研究选取健康成年绵羊为试验对象,手术法采集卵巢,分离并鉴定绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞。敲低绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞的AR,通过CCK-8法、ELISA法检测绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞的增殖活性和雌二醇(estradiol,E2)的分泌水平。敲低AR后通过转录组测序(transcriptome Sequencing,RNA-seq)筛选影响绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞发育的关键差异表达基因(DEGs),对其进行功能富集分析,并利用RT-qPCR和Western blot验证与绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞发育相关的信号通路及其差异基因。结果表明,本研究成功分离并鉴定了绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞;敲低AR后会显著降低绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞的增殖活性。当AR被敲低后,通过转录组测序筛选到1 187个差异基因,465个基因上调,722个基因下调。根据这些差异基因筛选出对绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞发育具有重要调控作用的关键信号通路:PI3K-Akt信号通路和雌激素信号通路,并对关键基因PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、ESR2、CYP19A1、BAX、BAX/BCL2、Caspase3进行验证;敲低AR后PI3K-Akt信号通路中关键基因PI3K、AKT、p-AKT显著下调(P<0.05),雌激素合成关键基因ESR2、CYP19A1显著下调(P<0.05),而细胞增殖相关基因BAX、BAX/BCL2、Caspase3显著上调(P<0.05)。综上所述,本研究发现敲低绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞AR后,可能通过PI3K-Akt信号通路和雌激素信号通路来影响绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞的增殖和激素合成,从而参与细胞的发育过程。

AR  /  颗粒细胞  /  增殖  /  激素  /  发育

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which knockdown of androgen receptor (AR) in sheep affects the development of ovarian granulosa cells (GC). The healthy, adult sheep was selected as experimental subjects, employing surgical procedures to obtain ovarian tissue, from which granulosa cells were subsequently isolated and characterized.After silencing AR expression in granulosa cells (GCs), cell proliferation and estradiol (E2) production were assessed in sheep ovarian GCs through CCK-8 and ELISA techniques.Furthermore, after AR knockdown, key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) affecting ovarian granulosa cell development were identified through transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). These genes were subjected to functional enrichment analysis, and signaling pathways involved in granulosa cell development, along with their associated DEGs, were validated using RT-qPCR and Western blot assays.The results demonstrated that the study successfully isolated and identified granulosa cells, and that knockdown of AR significantly reduces the proliferation activity of these cells.More importantly, after AR was knocked down, 1 187 differentially expressed genes was identified through transcriptome sequencing, with 465 genes upregulated and 722 genes downregulated.Based on these differentially expressed genes, key signaling pathways involved in granulosa cell development were identified, including the PI3K-Akt pathway and the estrogen signaling pathway. The key genes PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, ESR2, CYP19A1, BAX, BAX/BCL2, and Caspase3 were further validated.Following AR silencing, the expression levels of critical genes within the PI3K-Akt signaling cascade—specifically PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Similarly, key genes associated with estrogen biosynthesis, ESR2 and CYP19A1, exhibited significant downregulation (P<0.05). Conversely, genes linked to cellular proliferation, including BAX, the BAX/BCL2 ratio, and Caspase3, showed a significant increase in expression (P<0.05). In summary, these findings suggest that knocking down AR in sheep ovarian granulosa cells may influence cell proliferation and hormone synthesis through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and the estrogen signaling pathway, thereby participating in the process of cellular development.

AR  /  granular cells  /  proliferation  /  hormone  /  development
李容青, 特日格勒, 付绍印, 何小龙, 达赖, 王力伟, 高元帅, 张文佳, 解志强, 杨会国, 王标, 刘永斌. 雄激素受体对绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞发育的调控作用. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (1) : 246 -257 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.021
Rongqing LI, Rigele TE, Shaoyin FU, Xiaolong HE, Lai DA, Liwei WANG, Yuanshuai GAO, Wenjia ZHANG, Zhiqiang XIE, Huiguo YANG, Biao WANG, Yongbin LIU. The Regulatory Role of Androgen Receptor in the Development of Ovarian Granulosa Cells in Sheep[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (1) : 246 -257 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.021
绵羊是内蒙古地区的主要畜种,其繁殖性能对畜牧业的生产效益至关重要,但绵羊卵巢中的大部分卵泡在排卵前发生闭锁,卵泡利用率较低,家畜的繁殖性能与复杂的卵泡发育过程密切相关[1]。所以在畜牧生产中对绵羊卵泡发育过程的研究非常关键,卵泡由卵母细胞、卵巢颗粒细胞(GC)与卵泡膜细胞组成,GC围绕着卵母细胞组成卵丘-卵母细胞复合物(COC)[2],而GC通过自分泌、旁分泌和内分泌作用为卵母细胞提供激素、信号分子、细胞因子和脂肪因子等活性物质[3⁃4]。经研究,GC的增殖和分化导致卵泡成熟和排卵,而GC的凋亡和变形导致卵泡闭锁。细胞凋亡进程由Bcl和caspase家族共同执行和调控,Bcl家族中的B细胞淋巴瘤2(BCL2)和BCL2关联X蛋白(BAX)是标志性的促进和抑制细胞增殖的蛋白,Caspase家族可以决定颗粒细胞是否发生凋亡[5]。其中PI3K/Akt信号通路也参与了卵泡发育过程中颗粒细胞的生长凋亡过程[6],因此GC的生长和发育对卵泡的发育至关重要[7]。所以研究绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞的功能对探究卵泡的发育过程具有重要意义。
在卵泡发育过程中,促卵泡激素(FSH)、雄激素和雌激素等关键激素参与了卵母细胞的发育和颗粒细胞的增殖[8],在FSH的调控下[9],细胞色素P450家族19亚家族A成员1(CYP19A1)催化雄激素转化为雌激素,其中雄激素通过与AR相互作用在卵泡发育的不同阶段发挥特定的关键作用[10],而雌激素可与雌激素受体2(ESR2)结合调控卵泡的发育与排卵。雄激素受体(AR)是类固醇受体,在卵泡发育的大多数阶段均有表达,AR在窦前卵泡中高表达,在排卵前卵泡中表达显著降低[11]。这意味着,AR对卵巢颗粒细胞的发育具有重要的调控作用。AR的表达与全身多系统疾病高度相关,当AR表达出现异常,机体会发生病变[12⁃14]。早期研究发现,卵母细胞特异性AR敲除小鼠生殖正常,而GC特异性AR敲除小鼠则表现出低生育率、低产仔数和发情周期延长的症状,因此AR主要在卵泡颗粒细胞中发挥作用[11]。与之类似的是,灵长类动物中AR的表达与卵泡生长和GC增殖呈正相关,与卵泡闭锁和GC凋亡呈负相关[15]。AR的表达在哺乳动物卵巢中高度保守,AR主要在人、灵长类动物、小鼠、大鼠、牛、猪、绵羊卵泡的颗粒细胞上表达,调节卵泡的生长发育和排卵过程[16]。但其对绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞发育的调控机制尚不清楚。
探究AR对卵巢颗粒细胞的影响机制对研究卵泡的发育至关重要,因此本研究希望通过敲低卵巢颗粒细胞AR的表达来探究AR在GC中的关键调控作用机制,为探究AR对卵泡发育以及排卵的影响提供初步理论基础,为研究影响绵羊繁殖的因素提供新的思路和线索。
本研究选取健康的体况相近的18月龄蒙古羊,这些羊均产过一次羔且在采样前表现出发情行为。采样于10月进行,在内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市四子王旗的屠宰场,通过手术法采集卵巢组织样本。
主要试剂:Medium M199培养基(Gibco公司),GP-transfect-Mate转染试剂(苏州吉玛生物公司),全蛋白提取试剂盒(北京索莱宝公司),CCK-8试剂盒(白鲨生物公司),ELISA E2 Kit(睿信科技生物公司),Rabbit Anti-AR antibody抗体、Mouse Anti-GAPDH antibody(北京博奥森公司),PI3 Kinase p85 Antibody、AKT Monoclonal antibody、Phospho-AKT(Ser473)Polyclonal antibody(Immunoway生物公司)。
主要仪器:CO2细胞培养箱(Thermor公司),超净台(苏州安泰公司),安全柜、高速冷冻离心机(湖南湘仪公司),酶标仪(Thermor公司),细胞计数仪(Applied Biosystems公司),倒置显微镜、荧光显微镜(OLYMPUS公司),实时荧光定量PCR仪(乐普医疗公司),电泳仪(Bio-Rad公司),移液器(Eppendorf公司)。
手术法采集健康成年绵羊卵巢,含双抗DPBS清洗卵巢,注射器抽取直径小于3 mm卵泡中的颗粒细胞,收集细胞于M199培养液中培养,置37 ℃,5% CO2的培养箱中。将原代颗粒细胞接入96孔板,细胞汇合度为60%时,4%多聚甲醛固定,0.2% Triton X-100通透30 min,5% BSA封闭1 h,FSHR、AR一抗(1∶1 000)4 ℃过夜,荧光二抗(1∶1 000)避光1 h,DAPI避光5 min,荧光显微镜下观察。
根据NCBI androgen receptor Gene ID:443042,利用在线工具设计3条siRNA干扰序列(表1),由生物公司合成。将颗粒细胞接种到6孔板中,待细胞汇合度为70%左右,转染干扰序列,OPTI-MEM与GP-transfect-Mate轻混,静置5 min,OPTI-MEM与siRNA溶液轻混,静置5 min,将两种混合物轻混,静置20 min,缓缓滴加到细胞中,置37 ℃,5% CO2的细胞培养箱中培养。
转染后收集细胞,以9 000个·孔-1接种于96孔板中,6 h后每孔加入10 μL CCK-8溶液,置培养箱中孵育2 h,在450 nm处测定OD值。
收集细胞培养液上清,在包被孔中加入50 μL待测样品,50 μL酶标抗原,50 μL抗体,预包被板上粘上封板膜,孵育1 h,洗涤液洗3次,加50 μL显色A液,50 μL显色B液混匀,37 ℃孵育15 min,加50 μL终止反应液,450 mm处测定OD值,计算并绘制标准曲线并计算激素浓度。
收集RNA样品寄送杭州联川生物技术股份有限公司进行处理,Trizol提取细胞RNA,质控、纯化,以片段化的mRNA为模板、加入随机六聚体引物、缓冲液、dNTPs、逆转录酶,合成cDNA链,双端测序,获得细胞转录组数据。对测序数据进行过滤,获得高质量数据,与绵羊参考基因组NCBI genome00248进行比对,进行基因表达定量、基因差异分析、富集分析。
根据NCBI sheep Gene ID:9940设计引物(表2)。提取细胞总RNA:转染后加Trizol裂解细胞10 min,加氯仿,4 ℃条件下,12 000 g,离心15 min。吸取透明水相,加异丙醇,离心10 min,弃上清,加75%乙醇,离心5 min,弃上清,开盖晾干,加入DEPC H2O溶解。反转录为2步法:第一步去除基因组DNA,总体系为10 μL:2 μL 5×gDNA Eraser Buffer,1 μL gDNA Eraser,1 μg RNA,DEPC水补至10 μL;反应程序为42 ℃ 2 min,4 ℃ ∞。第二步为反转录反应,总体系为20 μL:10 μL上述混合液,1 μL PrimeScriptRT Enzyme Mix 1,1 μL RT Primer Mix,4 μL 5×PrimeScript Buffer 2,4 μL RNase Free dH2O补至20 μL;反应程序为37 ℃ 15 min,85 ℃ 5 s,4 ℃ ∞。RT-PCR总体系为20 μL:10 μL TB Green Premix Ex Taq Ⅱ,1 μL PCR Forward Primer(10 μmol·L-1),1 μL PCR Reverse Primer(10 μmol·L-1),1 μL cDNA,7 μL DEPC H2O补至20 μL;反应程序为95 ℃ 30 s;95 ℃ 5 s,58 ℃ 20 s,72 ℃ 20 s,共39个循环;55 ℃ 5 s,95 ℃ 5 s。
提取细胞总蛋白:转染后刮刀刮下细胞,加Lysis Buffer裂解液、磷酸酶抑制剂、蛋白酶抑制剂、PMSF配制裂解液,冰上裂解30 min,离心后上清与5×蛋白上样缓冲液混合,水浴变性。BCA法蛋白定量:25 μL待测样品于96孔板,加200 μL BCA工作液,37 ℃孵育30 min,562 nm下测定吸光度。根据标准曲线y=0.922 7x+0.141 6,R2=0.999 8,计算样品蛋白浓度,y为测得样品吸光度,x为对应蛋白样品浓度。SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳:制10%分离胶和5%浓缩胶,于1×电泳缓冲液中,90 V电泳110 min后,切胶裁剪PVDF膜,在转膜仪上,20 V转55 min,封闭2 h,一抗(1∶1 000)4 ℃过夜,二抗(1∶1 000)孵育2 h,ECL显色成像,用Image-Pro Plus 6.0分析条带灰度值。
每组试验设置3个重复,所有试验结果均以“平均值±标准差”的形式表示,使用Graph Pad prism 8.0对对照组和敲低组进行t检验并绘图,以P<0.05(*)表示组间差异具有统计学意义,P<0.01(**)表示组间差异极显著。
为了研究AR在卵巢颗粒细胞中的定位及功能,选取健康成年绵羊为研究对象,通过手术法采集卵巢,并分离颗粒细胞。将分离得到的细胞进行培养,并观察其形态变化。如图1所示,发现绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞为贴壁细胞,细胞形态呈梭形。进一步通过免疫荧光染色检测了绵羊特异性蛋白标志物FSHR在这些细胞的表达情况,发现FSHR呈阳性表达,且荧光信号较强(图1)。这表明分离得到的细胞为绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞且纯度较高。更重要的是,通过免疫荧光发现,AR主要在卵巢颗粒细胞的细胞质中表达。
为了进一步研究AR对卵巢颗粒细胞功能的影响,选取了3条小干扰RNA对AR敲低后检测卵巢颗粒细胞的活性。在这些siRNA序列中,siRNA-3能够明显降低AR蛋白的表达量,因此选用siRNA-3进行后续试验(图2A)。通过siRNA对颗粒细胞内的AR进行不同时间段(0、24和48 h)的敲低,并记录了颗粒细胞的生长状态。发现,在0 h时,2组生长状态良好且一致;在24、48 h时,对照组细胞生长状态良好,但敲低AR组的细胞数明显减少(图2B)。与之类似的是,通过CCK-8法检测了卵巢颗粒细胞的增殖活性(图2C),发现在24、36、48 h敲低AR细胞组的OD值显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。这表明敲低AR对卵巢颗粒细胞的增殖具有重要的调控作用,敲低AR会显著降低颗粒细胞的活性。
尽管发现AR的敲低会降低卵巢颗粒细胞的活性,但不清楚其具体的分子机制。为了阐明敲低AR对卵巢颗粒细胞影响的具体机制,将对照组和敲低组的颗粒细胞进行转录组测序。对照组与敲低组之间的Pearson相关系数大于0.90(P<0.01),这表明样品间相关性较好(图3A)。在PCA主成分分析中,对照组与敲低组样品间存在明显分离(图3B)。同时,小提琴图评估样品基因表达水平的分布密度,对照组与敲低组样本的中位数和分布形态无偏移(图3C)。通过分析发现,对照组与敲低组间存在显著差异(图3D)。通过上述差异分析,当P<0.05时,以差异表达量变化超过1.5作为显著上调的变化阈值,小于1/1.5作为显著下调的变化阈值。基于这一前提,与对照组相比,敲低组中筛选出差异基因1 187个,其中上调基因465个,下调基因722个(图3E)。
为了阐明敲低AR后对卵巢颗粒细胞发育影响的可能机制,对差异基因进行GO富集分析,结果显示这些差异基因主要富集在细胞组分中的细胞外基质和细胞表面,参与细胞外基质结构成分的分子功能,并参与了积极调节细胞迁移、细胞粘附的生物过程(图4A)。进一步对这些差异基因进行KEGG富集分析,以q<0.05进行筛选,结果显示这些差异基因显著富集在PI3K-Akt信号通路、FoxO信号通路和雌激素信号通路上(图4B)。值得注意的是,与对照组相比,敲低AR后,PI3K-Akt信号通路和雌激素信号通路中共同富集且显著下调的TOP关键基因包括PIK3CD、BCL2、ATF6B、CREB3L1、LOC105609336(图4C)。此外,对PI3K-Akt信号通路和雌激素信号通路进行GSEA富集分析,结果显示,敲低组的核心富集基因均显著下调(图4D、E)。这些研究表明,AR的敲低可能通过影响PI3K-Akt信号通路和雌激素信号通路来影响卵巢颗粒细胞的发育。
本研究进一步对转录组筛选到的PI3K-Akt信号通路、雌激素信号通路中的关键下调差异基因进行验证。针对共同富集到的关键下调基因PIK3CD、BCL2,通过Western-blot检测发现,敲低AR导致卵巢颗粒细胞中的PI3K、AKT、p-AKT蛋白表达显著下调(P<0.05)(图5A、B)。这表明,敲低AR可能会通过影响PI3K-AKT信号通路来介导卵巢颗粒细胞的发育。众所周知,PI3K-Akt信号通路能够调控细胞的凋亡,因此猜测敲低AR可能会通过影响PI3K-Akt信号通路来影响卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡。检测了PI3K-Akt信号通路下游抗凋亡基因BCL2的表达水平,结果显示BCL2的mRNA表达量(P<0.01)和蛋白表达量显著下调(P<0.05)。此外,检测了凋亡相关基因的表达量,结果显示BAX/BCL2、Caspase3的mRNA和蛋白表达量均显著上调(P<0.05)(图5G、H、I)。
值得注意的是,敲低AR后导致雌激素信号通路的核心富集基因显著下调,因此猜测,敲低AR可能影响雌激素的分泌及相关基因的表达来调控卵巢颗粒细胞的发育,因此通过ELISA法检测了对照组和敲低组的雌激素E2分泌水平。结果显示,敲低AR后卵巢颗粒细胞的雌激素分泌量显著降低(P<0.05)(图5C)。为了进一步寻找AR影响雌激素分泌的具体分子机制,检测了雌激素合成关键酶CYP19A1、雌激素受体ESR2的表达量变化。敲低AR后ESR2 、CYP19A1的mRNA和蛋白表达量显著降低(P<0.05)(图5D、E、F)。这表明,敲低AR可能会通过影响雌激素合成酶的表达来影响雌激素的分泌。
这些结果表明,敲低AR可能会通过影响PI3K-AKT信号通路和雌激素信号通路来介导卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡和雌激素分泌,从而影响卵巢颗粒细胞的发育。
绵羊卵巢是一个动态的分泌器官,以卵泡为基本功能单位调控着复杂的生殖过程[17]。在卵泡中颗粒细胞围绕着卵母细胞,通过分泌类固醇,调节卵母细胞的生长和成熟,为卵泡发育提供基础[4]。类固醇前体,经过StAR、CYP11A1、HSD3β、CYP17A1转化为雄激素,而雄激素通过与AR结合发挥作用,早期研究发现,AR在大多数哺乳动物卵巢中表达,包括人类、大鼠[18]、小鼠[19]、猪[20]、牛[21]、绵羊[22]等,且随着卵泡发育,AR表达量逐渐降低[23]。而雄激素在颗粒细胞中可由CYP19A1催化转化为雌二醇(E2),E2可与雌激素受体ESR2结合,激活并调控靶基因表达和卵泡发育过程[24⁃25]。随着卵泡的发育,雄激素浓度逐渐降低,而CYP19A1活性增强,以此来积累更多E2[26]。据研究,CYP19A1在大多数动物卵巢颗粒细胞中表达,是E2生成的关键酶,敲低猪卵巢颗粒细胞CYP19A1后,E2分泌显著下降,而过表达CYP19A1后,E2分泌显著上调。在本研究中,敲低AR后,雌激素E2分泌量显著降低,可能是因为关键酶CYP19A1的表达下调导致。另外有研究表明,低浓度DHT作用于绵羊颗粒细胞,可促进CYP19A1和ESR2的表达,而添加AR抑制剂Flutamide后,可阻断该过程,下调CYP19A1和ESR2的表达[11]。且与之对应的研究发现,ESR2敲除小鼠,E2生成减少,抑制卵泡的发育[27]。这与本研究一致,沉默绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞AR后,雌激素信号通路的核心富集基因显著下调,而雌激素合成关键酶CYP19A1、雌激素受体ESR2的表达均显著下调,因此颗粒细胞分泌E2量显著降低。猜测AR可能是通过雌激素信号通路来调控颗粒细胞的发育过程。
磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)信号通路是调节细胞增殖、凋亡、代谢和其他生理过程的关键通路[28]。最近的研究证实,PI3K/Akt信号通路参与了卵泡发育过程中卵巢功能的恢复和颗粒细胞的生长凋亡过程[6],在人和小鼠的卵泡发育过程和颗粒细胞凋亡中,PI3K/Akt信号通路起到了关键调控作用[29]。本研究中,敲低AR后PI3K-AKT信号通路核心基因集显著下调,猜测敲低AR可能影响了颗粒细胞中的该信号通路。经研究,在小鼠输精管上皮细胞中,AR可与PI3K的p85α直接相互作用,激活PI3K/Akt通路,磷酸化Akt,抑制上皮细胞凋亡[30]。本研究敲低颗粒细胞AR后,PI3K、AKT表达显著降低,p-Akt Ser473磷酸化水平显著降低,猜测敲低AR可能通过影响PI3K-AKT信号通路来介导卵巢颗粒细胞的发育。
在哺乳动物卵巢中,细胞增殖与凋亡之间的动态平衡对维持颗粒细胞的稳态至关重要[31]。据研究,FoxO是PI3K/Akt的下游靶标,p-Akt磷酸化FoxO,促进细胞增殖、生长和存活[32],其中FoxO1可上调PI3K/Akt下游促凋亡基因的表达,并通过caspase家族激活线粒体通路从而诱导GC凋亡[33]。Caspase家族可以决定颗粒细胞是否发生凋亡[5],Caspase3可通过线粒体通路和死亡受体通路,控制颗粒细胞凋亡[34]。本研究敲低颗粒细胞AR后,抑制PI3K-AKT信号通路,促进Caspase3的mRNA和蛋白表达,它的活化标志着颗粒细胞发生凋亡。细胞凋亡进程由Bcl和caspase家族共同执行和调控,Bcl家族中的BCL2和BAX是标志性的促进和抑制细胞增殖的蛋白,可通过改变线粒体膜通透性和线粒体功能调节细胞生命活动[35]。其中BCL2是典型的抗凋亡基因,是PI3K-AKT信号通路下游的关键蛋白,而BAX是促凋亡基因,BAX/BCL2可决定细胞是否会凋亡[36, 37]。沉默前列腺癌细胞中AR的表达,显著上调BAX/BCL2,提高机体抗癌能力[38]。我们的研究也发现,敲低颗粒细胞AR后,显著下调PI3K-AKT信号通路的下游关键基因BCL2的表达,同时BAX表达上调,BAX/BCL2上调,促进颗粒细胞凋亡。所以猜测敲低AR可能通过影响PI3K-AKT信号通路来介导卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡进程。
另外有研究发现,在卵巢癌中雌激素通过GPER以非基因组方式上调PI3K通路,导致肿瘤抑制基因失活[23]。与之类似的是,E2可通过抑制PI3K和AKT磷酸化来抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路,阻止成纤维细胞活化[39]。在本研究中,敲低绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞AR后,分泌E2显著降低,猜测也可能通过抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路,加速细胞凋亡,抑制颗粒细胞的发育。
本研究发现敲低AR后,p-Akt Ser473磷酸化水平显著降低,BAX/BCL2、Caspase3表达上调,抑制细胞增殖;CYP19A1、ESR2表达下调,雌激素E2分泌水平降低。猜想AR可能通过PI3K/Akt信号通路和雌激素信号通路的双重机制来调控绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞的功能,本研究为探究AR对绵羊繁殖的影响提供了初步理论基础。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1300904)
  • 内蒙古自治区揭榜挂帅项目(2022JBGS0012)
  • 内蒙古自治区揭榜挂帅项目(2022JBGS0024)
  • 内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2019GG349)
  • 内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0443)
  • 现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-38)
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2026年第57卷第1期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.021
  • 接收时间:2025-05-23
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-01-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-23
基金
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1300904)
内蒙古自治区揭榜挂帅项目(2022JBGS0012)
内蒙古自治区揭榜挂帅项目(2022JBGS0024)
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2019GG349)
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0443)
现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-38)
作者信息
    1.内蒙古大学,呼和浩特 010000
    2.内蒙古农业大学,呼和浩特 010000
    3.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特 010000
    4.新疆维吾尔自治区畜牧科学院,乌鲁木齐 830011

通讯作者:

王标,主要从事绵羊分子育种与遗传改良研究,E-mail:
刘永斌,主要从事绵羊种业科技创新与草食家畜育种理论、生殖发育及表观遗传调控机制研究,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/CN/10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.021
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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