Article(id=1307007640253522728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1749052800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789544504463, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1769097600000, pubDateStr=2026-01-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789544504463, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789544504463, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789544504463, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307007396681900041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='568', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769097600000', pubDateStr='2026-01-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789544446392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609890784, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281890638057732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281890738721029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=167, endPage=180, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307007641503425321, articleId=1307007640253522728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Study on the Reciprocal Cross Effects of Hybrid Combinations between Kirin Chicken and Huaixiang Chicken, columnId=1307007413870158054, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study aimed to utilize the superior traits of Kirin chicken (a newly identified national genetic resource) and explore the heterosis mechanism of its cross with the local excellent Huaixiang chicken, this study compared the key production performance and muscle quality among Huaixiang chicken, Kirin chicken, and their reciprocal cross offspring, aiming to provide a basis for parental matching in high-quality broiler breeding in tropical and subtropical regions. Huaixiang chickens (strain A, strain C) and Kirin chickens (fast yellow-feather, slow yellow-feather) were used for a complete diallel cross experiment, with 4 mating combinations (Huaixiang purebred group, Kirin purebred group, orthogonal group, reverse-cross group). Each group had 6 replicates (20 1-day-old healthy chicks per replicate, half male and half female, birth weight error within ±10% SD), and relevant indicators were measured after 16 weeks of feeding. At 16 weeks of age, the average weight of cocks was reverse-cross chicken (1 790.69 g) > orthogonal chicken (1 761.67 g) > Kirin chicken (1 733.78 g) > Huaixiang chicken (1 582.63 g) with significant differences (P<0.05), while no significant difference was found in hens (P>0.05); the maximum growth rate of Huaixiang chicken appeared at 8 weeks, Kirin chicken at 12 weeks, hybrid cocks at 14 weeks, and hybrid hens at 8 weeks; Huaixiang chicken had higher moisture content in breast and leg muscles, and the crude fat content in leg muscles of reverse-cross cocks was significantly higher than that of Huaixiang and orthogonal cocks (P<0.05); Kirin chicken had significantly smaller muscle fiber diameter and density in breast and leg muscles than the other 3 groups (P<0.05); there were extremely significant correlations between indicators such as breast muscle moisture and muscle fiber density, crude protein and crude fat (P<0.01). The hybrid offspring of Kirin and Huaixiang chickens showed excellent growth performance and obvious heterosis, with reverse-cross combinations outperforming orthogonal ones, providing a scientific reference for screening high-quality chicken matching combinations in tropical regions.

, authors=Zhijing WANG1, 2, Yingming LIU1, Zhenhua GAO1, Fuquan YIN1, authorsList=Zhijing WANG, Yingming LIU, Zhenhua GAO, Fuquan YIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhenhua GAO, Fuquan YIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
GAO Zhenhua, E-mail:
YIN Fuquan, E-mail: .
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307007642417783596, articleId=1307007640253522728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=CN, title=粤西卷羽鸡与怀乡鸡杂交配套组合的正反交效应研究, columnId=1307007414092456168, journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, columnName=遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

旨在有效利用国家新鉴定种质资源粤西卷羽鸡的优良特性,分析其与地方优良品种怀乡鸡杂交的杂种优势机制,比较二者及正反交后代的关键生产性能与肌肉品质差异,为热带、亚热带地区优质肉鸡高效选育提供核心亲本选配依据。本试验以怀乡鸡(A 品系、C 品系)和粤西卷羽鸡(黄羽快羽、黄羽慢羽)为育种材料,采用完全双列杂交设计设4个配套组合(怀乡鸡纯繁组、粤西卷羽鸡纯繁组、正交组、反交组),每组6个重复(每重复20只1日龄健康雏鸡,公母各半,初生重误差±10%标准差),饲养16周后测定相关指标。试验数据显示:16周龄公鸡平均体重反交鸡(1 790.69 g)>正交鸡(1 761.67 g)>粤西卷羽鸡(1 733.78 g)>怀乡鸡(1 582.63 g),组间差异显著(P<0.05),母鸡各组差异不显著(P>0.05);怀乡鸡生长峰值在8周龄,粤西卷羽鸡在12周龄,杂交公鸡在14周龄、母鸡在8周龄;怀乡鸡胸、腿肌水分含量较高,反交公鸡腿肌粗脂肪含量显著高于怀乡鸡与正交鸡(P<0.05);粤西卷羽鸡胸、腿肌肌纤维直径及密度显著小于其他3组(P<0.05);胸肌水分与肌纤维密度、粗蛋白与粗脂肪等指标间存在极显著相关(P<0.01)。粤西卷羽鸡与怀乡鸡的杂交后代生长性能优良,表现出明显杂种优势,且反交组合生长性能优于正交组合,为热带地区优质鸡配套组合筛选提供科学参考。

, authors=王志敬1, 2, 刘英明1, 高振华1, 尹福泉1, authorsList=王志敬, 刘英明, 高振华, 尹福泉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=高振华, 尹福泉, authorNote=

王志敬,硕士生,高级兽医师,主要从事动物营养与免疫研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
高振华,主要从事动物营养研究,E-mail:
尹福泉,主要从事动物营养研究,E-mail:
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Keyword(id=1307286459329827346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=肌肉品质), Keyword(id=1307286459392741907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=肌肉组织特性)], refs=[Reference(id=1307286462957900328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杜炳旺,陈 建,赵志远,等.信宜怀乡鸡的生长性能及部分肉质性状测定[J].家禽科学,2011,(5):15-20., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286463062757929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, 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supplementation regulates lipid deposition,protein synthesis and muscle fibre formation in grass carp fed with high-fat diet[J].Br J Nutr,2023,130(10):1678-1688., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286470465704539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOU X H,LIU Q F,MENG Q S,et al.TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis of porcine muscle associated with postmortem meat quality[J].Food Chem,2020,328:127133., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286470549590620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ISMAIL I,JOO S T.Poultry meat quality in relation to muscle growth and muscle fiber characteristics[J].Korean J Food Sci Anim Res,2017,37(6):873-883., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307286462718824998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, awardId=2020SFKC041, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省研究生教育创新计划项目(2020SFKC041), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307286462773350951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, awardId=2021A05024, language=CN, fundingSource=粤西地区畜禽遗传资源与种质创新湛江市重点实验室(2021A05024), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307286457308172781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286457316561390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Qingyuan Animal Disease Prevention Control Center,Qingyuan 511518,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286457434001906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, companyId=1307286457417224688, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广东省清远市动物疫病预防控制中心,清远 511518)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307286461137572372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Dietary nutrient level (air-dry basis)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
营养水平 Nutrient level0~6周龄 0-6 weeks7~16周龄 7-16 weeks
代谢能/(MJ·kg-1) Metabolic energy11.7011.98
粗蛋白/% CP21.3518.45
钙/% Ca1.000.90
有效磷/% Available phosphorus0.410.35
), ArticleFig(id=1307286461234041365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

日粮营养水平(风干基础)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
营养水平 Nutrient level0~6周龄 0-6 weeks7~16周龄 7-16 weeks
代谢能/(MJ·kg-1) Metabolic energy11.7011.98
粗蛋白/% CP21.3518.45
钙/% Ca1.000.90
有效磷/% Available phosphorus0.410.35
), ArticleFig(id=1307286461317927446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Average body weight of Huaixiang chicken, Kirin chicken and their hybrid first generation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

周龄

Week

性别

Sex

怀乡鸡

Huaixiang chicken

粤西卷羽鸡

Kirin chicken

正交鸡

Orthogonal chicken

反交鸡

Reverse chicken

P值

P-value

0公30.96±2.1032.16±2.4430.90±1.6530.93±2.43>0.05
母30.44±1.5630.08±2.0130.94±3.8830.00±2.86>0.05
1公60.94±9.11b84.03±11.51a85.39±11.39a79.65±10.84a<0.05
母57.79±8.73c88.62±15.40a72.86±11.94b72.39±11.32b<0.05
2公105.76±22.82b161.50±26.71a142.69±27.80a153.37±19.74a<0.05
母85.36±21.22b134.89±41.28a137.56±19.60a141.95±28.52a<0.05
3公154.87±26.27b204.90±26.48a199.81±20.63a217.71±31.26a<0.05
母131.07±30.41c199.26±28.20a168.34±23.63b213.18±38.88a<0.05
4公233.96±50.69b276.28±28.13a279.69±39.34a304.09±68.15a<0.05
母216.79±32.57b285.95±43.31a244.93±27.10b286.83±65.95a<0.05
5公266.60±48.60c348.62±25.43b345.31±33.30b415.88±65.63a<0.05
母268.09±42.77c313.83±35.11b289.65±39.40bc348.66±40.09a<0.05
6公363.97±59.57c433.15±63.62b434.25±53.00b577.90±82.96a<0.05
母331.04±62.85c397.83±40.61b383.17±49.03b453.29±58.72a<0.05
8公644.50±89.97b700.04±53.86b696.96±100.19b796.25±125.05a<0.05
母584.04±99.09c632.09±63.04bc655.88±63.07ab708.42±65.06a<0.05
10公896.00±115.13b937.04±36.21b987.71±141.23ab1 075.17±184.71a<0.05
母791.46±67.71c887.38±62.24b916.07±79.93ab962.08±111.12a<0.05
12公1 104.50±179.34b1 280.75±137.76a1 238.54±108.21ab1 273.33±214.55a<0.05
母976.17±87.76b1 160.00±102.92a1 125.54±63.72a1 168.63±123.35a<0.05
14公1 318.58±122.56b1 620.25±201.14a1 578.67±150.19a1 596.63±193.48a<0.05
母1 225.54±169.861 286.96±217.081 345.92±93.821 321.08±139.05>0.05
16公1 582.63±189.05b1 733.78±257.57ab1 761.67±204.00ab1 790.69±187.52a<0.05
母1 422.50±217.511 471.41±174.081 459.17±119.121 448.82±118.51>0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1307286461414396439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

怀乡鸡、粤西卷羽鸡及其杂交后代的平均体重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

周龄

Week

性别

Sex

怀乡鸡

Huaixiang chicken

粤西卷羽鸡

Kirin chicken

正交鸡

Orthogonal chicken

反交鸡

Reverse chicken

P值

P-value

0公30.96±2.1032.16±2.4430.90±1.6530.93±2.43>0.05
母30.44±1.5630.08±2.0130.94±3.8830.00±2.86>0.05
1公60.94±9.11b84.03±11.51a85.39±11.39a79.65±10.84a<0.05
母57.79±8.73c88.62±15.40a72.86±11.94b72.39±11.32b<0.05
2公105.76±22.82b161.50±26.71a142.69±27.80a153.37±19.74a<0.05
母85.36±21.22b134.89±41.28a137.56±19.60a141.95±28.52a<0.05
3公154.87±26.27b204.90±26.48a199.81±20.63a217.71±31.26a<0.05
母131.07±30.41c199.26±28.20a168.34±23.63b213.18±38.88a<0.05
4公233.96±50.69b276.28±28.13a279.69±39.34a304.09±68.15a<0.05
母216.79±32.57b285.95±43.31a244.93±27.10b286.83±65.95a<0.05
5公266.60±48.60c348.62±25.43b345.31±33.30b415.88±65.63a<0.05
母268.09±42.77c313.83±35.11b289.65±39.40bc348.66±40.09a<0.05
6公363.97±59.57c433.15±63.62b434.25±53.00b577.90±82.96a<0.05
母331.04±62.85c397.83±40.61b383.17±49.03b453.29±58.72a<0.05
8公644.50±89.97b700.04±53.86b696.96±100.19b796.25±125.05a<0.05
母584.04±99.09c632.09±63.04bc655.88±63.07ab708.42±65.06a<0.05
10公896.00±115.13b937.04±36.21b987.71±141.23ab1 075.17±184.71a<0.05
母791.46±67.71c887.38±62.24b916.07±79.93ab962.08±111.12a<0.05
12公1 104.50±179.34b1 280.75±137.76a1 238.54±108.21ab1 273.33±214.55a<0.05
母976.17±87.76b1 160.00±102.92a1 125.54±63.72a1 168.63±123.35a<0.05
14公1 318.58±122.56b1 620.25±201.14a1 578.67±150.19a1 596.63±193.48a<0.05
母1 225.54±169.861 286.96±217.081 345.92±93.821 321.08±139.05>0.05
16公1 582.63±189.05b1 733.78±257.57ab1 761.67±204.00ab1 790.69±187.52a<0.05
母1 422.50±217.511 471.41±174.081 459.17±119.121 448.82±118.51>0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1307286461489893912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The absolute growth rate and the relative growth rate of Huaixiang chicken, Kirin chicken and their hybrid first generation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

周龄

Week

绝对生长速度/(g· d-1) The absolute growth rate相对生长速度/% The relative growth rate

怀乡公Huai-

xiangcock

怀乡母Huaixianghen粤西卷羽公 Kirin cock粤西卷羽母 Kirin hen正交公 Orthogonalcock正交母 Orthogonalhen反交公Reverse-crosscock反交母 Reverse-crossHen怀乡公Huaixiangcock怀乡母 Huaixianghen粤西卷羽公 Kirin cock粤西卷羽母 Kirin hen正交公 Orthogonalcock正交母 Orthogonalhen反交公Reverse-crosscock

反交

母 Reverse-crosshen

14.283.917.418.367.785.996.966.0665.2462.0089.2898.6493.7180.7788.1282.80
26.403.9411.076.618.199.2410.539.9453.7738.5263.1041.4050.2561.5063.2764.91
37.026.536.209.208.164.409.1910.1837.6942.2423.6938.5333.3520.1234.6840.11
411.3012.2510.2012.3811.4110.9412.3410.5240.6849.2829.6735.7333.3237.0733.1129.46
54.667.3310.333.989.376.3915.978.8313.0421.1623.159.3021.0016.7331.0519.46
613.918.9912.0812.0012.7113.3623.1514.9530.8821.0121.6323.6122.8227.8032.6126.09
820.0418.0719.0616.7318.7719.4815.6018.2255.6355.3047.1045.4946.4552.4931.7843.92
1017.9614.8216.9318.2420.7718.5919.9218.1232.6530.1628.9533.6034.5233.1029.8130.37
1214.8913.1924.5519.4717.9214.9614.1514.7520.8420.9031.0026.6322.5320.5216.8819.39
1415.2917.8124.259.0724.3015.7423.0910.8917.6722.6523.4110.3824.1517.8322.5312.25
1618.8614.078.1113.1813.078.0913.869.1218.2014.886.7713.3710.968.0711.469.22
), ArticleFig(id=1307286461565391385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

怀乡鸡、粤西卷羽鸡及其杂交后代的绝对生长速度和相对生长速度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

周龄

Week

绝对生长速度/(g· d-1) The absolute growth rate相对生长速度/% The relative growth rate

怀乡公Huai-

xiangcock

怀乡母Huaixianghen粤西卷羽公 Kirin cock粤西卷羽母 Kirin hen正交公 Orthogonalcock正交母 Orthogonalhen反交公Reverse-crosscock反交母 Reverse-crossHen怀乡公Huaixiangcock怀乡母 Huaixianghen粤西卷羽公 Kirin cock粤西卷羽母 Kirin hen正交公 Orthogonalcock正交母 Orthogonalhen反交公Reverse-crosscock

反交

母 Reverse-crosshen

14.283.917.418.367.785.996.966.0665.2462.0089.2898.6493.7180.7788.1282.80
26.403.9411.076.618.199.2410.539.9453.7738.5263.1041.4050.2561.5063.2764.91
37.026.536.209.208.164.409.1910.1837.6942.2423.6938.5333.3520.1234.6840.11
411.3012.2510.2012.3811.4110.9412.3410.5240.6849.2829.6735.7333.3237.0733.1129.46
54.667.3310.333.989.376.3915.978.8313.0421.1623.159.3021.0016.7331.0519.46
613.918.9912.0812.0012.7113.3623.1514.9530.8821.0121.6323.6122.8227.8032.6126.09
820.0418.0719.0616.7318.7719.4815.6018.2255.6355.3047.1045.4946.4552.4931.7843.92
1017.9614.8216.9318.2420.7718.5919.9218.1232.6530.1628.9533.6034.5233.1029.8130.37
1214.8913.1924.5519.4717.9214.9614.1514.7520.8420.9031.0026.6322.5320.5216.8819.39
1415.2917.8124.259.0724.3015.7423.0910.8917.6722.6523.4110.3824.1517.8322.5312.25
1618.8614.078.1113.1813.078.0913.869.1218.2014.886.7713.3710.968.0711.469.22
), ArticleFig(id=1307286461649277466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of chest muscle nutrient characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

项目

Item

性别

Sex

怀乡鸡

Huaixiang chicken

粤西卷羽鸡

Kirin chicken

正交鸡

Orthogonal chicken

反交鸡

Reverse chicken

水分 Moisture公73.30±0.81a71.38±1.06c72.61±1.17b71.89±0.67c
母72.83±1.03a71.09±0.99b72.40±0.65a71.46±0.49b
粗蛋白 Crude protein公27.84±1.29a26.37±1.15b27.39±1.22a27.03±1.52ab
母23.29±1.00b24.24±0.85a23.46±0.69b24.34±0.49a
粗脂肪 Crude fat公2.71±1.022.87±0.772.72±0.672.88±0.86
母3.65±1.243.53±1.243.65±1.323.46±0.75
粗灰分 Crude ash公4.85±0.534.96±0.434.88±0.564.98±0.54
母5.43±0.405.24±0.295.47±0.615.18±0.44
), ArticleFig(id=1307286461745746459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

胸肌营养特性比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

项目

Item

性别

Sex

怀乡鸡

Huaixiang chicken

粤西卷羽鸡

Kirin chicken

正交鸡

Orthogonal chicken

反交鸡

Reverse chicken

水分 Moisture公73.30±0.81a71.38±1.06c72.61±1.17b71.89±0.67c
母72.83±1.03a71.09±0.99b72.40±0.65a71.46±0.49b
粗蛋白 Crude protein公27.84±1.29a26.37±1.15b27.39±1.22a27.03±1.52ab
母23.29±1.00b24.24±0.85a23.46±0.69b24.34±0.49a
粗脂肪 Crude fat公2.71±1.022.87±0.772.72±0.672.88±0.86
母3.65±1.243.53±1.243.65±1.323.46±0.75
粗灰分 Crude ash公4.85±0.534.96±0.434.88±0.564.98±0.54
母5.43±0.405.24±0.295.47±0.615.18±0.44
), ArticleFig(id=1307286461817049628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of leg muscle nutrient characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

项目

Item

性别

Sex

怀乡鸡

Huaixiang chicken

粤西卷羽鸡

Kirin chicken

正交鸡

Orthogonal chicken

反交鸡

Reverse chicken

P值

P-value

水分 Moisture公73.25±1.38a70.94±1.24c72.10±1.22b71.66±1.28bc<0.05
母73.27±1.59a70.70±1.12c72.20±0.86b71.26±1.22c<0.05
粗蛋白 Crude protein公22.00±2.06a20.67±1.60b21.92±1.30a20.38±1.27b<0.05
母19.63±1.5719.55±1.2519.67±2.8619.23±1.38>0.05
粗脂肪 Crude fat公8.49±0.79b9.45±0.76a8.57±0.67b9.53±0.87a<0.05
母10.41±1.2610.79±1.5210.35±1.1210.85±1.07>0.05
粗灰分 Crude ash公5.00±0.355.01±0.435.03±0.605.08±0.30>0.05
母4.59±0.21b5.26±0.46a4.69±0.35b5.07±0.34a<0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1307286461900935709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

腿肌营养特性比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

项目

Item

性别

Sex

怀乡鸡

Huaixiang chicken

粤西卷羽鸡

Kirin chicken

正交鸡

Orthogonal chicken

反交鸡

Reverse chicken

P值

P-value

水分 Moisture公73.25±1.38a70.94±1.24c72.10±1.22b71.66±1.28bc<0.05
母73.27±1.59a70.70±1.12c72.20±0.86b71.26±1.22c<0.05
粗蛋白 Crude protein公22.00±2.06a20.67±1.60b21.92±1.30a20.38±1.27b<0.05
母19.63±1.5719.55±1.2519.67±2.8619.23±1.38>0.05
粗脂肪 Crude fat公8.49±0.79b9.45±0.76a8.57±0.67b9.53±0.87a<0.05
母10.41±1.2610.79±1.5210.35±1.1210.85±1.07>0.05
粗灰分 Crude ash公5.00±0.355.01±0.435.03±0.605.08±0.30>0.05
母4.59±0.21b5.26±0.46a4.69±0.35b5.07±0.34a<0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1307286461972238878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison of chest muscle tissue characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Item

性别

Sex

怀乡鸡

Huaixiang chicken

粤西卷羽鸡

Kirin chicken

正交鸡

Orthogonal chicken

反交鸡

Reverse chicken

P值

P-value

肌纤维直径/μmMuscle fiber diameter公17.20±1.81a14.52±1.44b17.46±1.96a16.80±1.93a<0.05
母17.13±1.75a15.90±1.95b17.95±1.95a17.35±2.31a<0.05
肌纤维密度/(N·mm‒2)Muscle fiber density公1090.08±112.26a677.55±107.28b807.13±94.58ab834.33±81.29ab<0.05
母966.25±89.24a473.60±71.56d658.60±70.92c695.53±2.28b<0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1307286462060319263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

胸肌组织特性比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Item

性别

Sex

怀乡鸡

Huaixiang chicken

粤西卷羽鸡

Kirin chicken

正交鸡

Orthogonal chicken

反交鸡

Reverse chicken

P值

P-value

肌纤维直径/μmMuscle fiber diameter公17.20±1.81a14.52±1.44b17.46±1.96a16.80±1.93a<0.05
母17.13±1.75a15.90±1.95b17.95±1.95a17.35±2.31a<0.05
肌纤维密度/(N·mm‒2)Muscle fiber density公1090.08±112.26a677.55±107.28b807.13±94.58ab834.33±81.29ab<0.05
母966.25±89.24a473.60±71.56d658.60±70.92c695.53±2.28b<0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1307286462177759776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison of leg muscle tissue characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Item

性别

Sex

怀乡鸡

Huaixiang chicken

粤西卷羽鸡

Kirin chicken

正交鸡

Orthogonal chicken

反交鸡

Reverse chicken

P值

P-value

肌纤维直径/μmMuscle fiber diameter公18.64±2.17bc18.42±1.33c20.04±2.16a19.31±1.84ab<0.05
母19.38±2.81a16.94±4.10b19.41±2.39a18.72±1.98a<0.05
肌纤维密度/(N·mm‒2)Muscle fiber density公775.40±97.80a497.90±40.72d587.78±79.94c679.93±98.26b<0.05
母666.28±111.02a485.15±44.47c589.20±86.95b727.45±93.21a<0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1307286462257451553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

腿肌组织特性比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Item

性别

Sex

怀乡鸡

Huaixiang chicken

粤西卷羽鸡

Kirin chicken

正交鸡

Orthogonal chicken

反交鸡

Reverse chicken

P值

P-value

肌纤维直径/μmMuscle fiber diameter公18.64±2.17bc18.42±1.33c20.04±2.16a19.31±1.84ab<0.05
母19.38±2.81a16.94±4.10b19.41±2.39a18.72±1.98a<0.05
肌纤维密度/(N·mm‒2)Muscle fiber density公775.40±97.80a497.90±40.72d587.78±79.94c679.93±98.26b<0.05
母666.28±111.02a485.15±44.47c589.20±86.95b727.45±93.21a<0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1307286462345531938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Correlation analysis between nutritional and tissue characteristics of chest muscles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Indicator

水分

Moisture

粗蛋白

Crude protein

粗脂肪

Crude fat

粗灰分Crude ash

肌纤维直径

Muscle fiber diameter

肌纤维密度

Muscle fiber density

水分 Moisture1>0.05>0.05>0.05>0.05<0.01
粗蛋白 Crude protein0.2561>0.05>0.05>0.05>0.05
粗脂肪 Crude fat-0.241-0.990**1>0.05>0.05>0.05
粗灰分 Crude ash-0.098-0.970**0.968**1>0.05>0.05

肌纤维直径

Muscle fiber diameter

0.601-0.1680.2310.2851>0.05

肌纤维密度

Muscle fiber density

0.860**0.435-0.424-0.3290.3571
), ArticleFig(id=1307286462421029411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

胸肌营养特性与组织特性的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Indicator

水分

Moisture

粗蛋白

Crude protein

粗脂肪

Crude fat

粗灰分Crude ash

肌纤维直径

Muscle fiber diameter

肌纤维密度

Muscle fiber density

水分 Moisture1>0.05>0.05>0.05>0.05<0.01
粗蛋白 Crude protein0.2561>0.05>0.05>0.05>0.05
粗脂肪 Crude fat-0.241-0.990**1>0.05>0.05>0.05
粗灰分 Crude ash-0.098-0.970**0.968**1>0.05>0.05

肌纤维直径

Muscle fiber diameter

0.601-0.1680.2310.2851>0.05

肌纤维密度

Muscle fiber density

0.860**0.435-0.424-0.3290.3571
), ArticleFig(id=1307286462509109796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Correlation analysis between nutritional and tissue characteristics of leg muscles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Item

水分Moisture

粗蛋白

Crude protein

粗脂肪

Crude fat

粗灰分Crude ash

肌纤维直径

Muscle fiber diameter

肌纤维密度

Muscle fiber density

水分 Moisture1>0.05>0.05>0.05>0.05>0.05
粗蛋白 Crude protein0.3681>0.01>0.05>0.05>0.05
粗脂肪 Crude fat-0.386-0.985**1>0.05>0.05>0.05
粗灰分 Crude ash-0.6890.170-0.1041>0.05>0.05

肌纤维直径

Muscle fiber diameter

0.5760.371-0.461-0.5911>0.05

肌纤维密度

Muscle fiber density

0.6350.180-0.214-0.2050.3311
), ArticleFig(id=1307286462584607269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007640253522728, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

腿肌营养特性与组织特性的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Item

水分Moisture

粗蛋白

Crude protein

粗脂肪

Crude fat

粗灰分Crude ash

肌纤维直径

Muscle fiber diameter

肌纤维密度

Muscle fiber density

水分 Moisture1>0.05>0.05>0.05>0.05>0.05
粗蛋白 Crude protein0.3681>0.01>0.05>0.05>0.05
粗脂肪 Crude fat-0.386-0.985**1>0.05>0.05>0.05
粗灰分 Crude ash-0.6890.170-0.1041>0.05>0.05

肌纤维直径

Muscle fiber diameter

0.5760.371-0.461-0.5911>0.05

肌纤维密度

Muscle fiber density

0.6350.180-0.214-0.2050.3311
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粤西卷羽鸡与怀乡鸡杂交配套组合的正反交效应研究
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王志敬 1, 2 , 刘英明 1 , 高振华 1 , 尹福泉 1
畜牧兽医学报 | 遗传育种 2026,57(1): 167-180
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畜牧兽医学报 |遗传育种 2026 , 57 (1) : 167 -180
粤西卷羽鸡与怀乡鸡杂交配套组合的正反交效应研究
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王志敬1, 2 , 刘英明1, 高振华1 , 尹福泉1
作者信息
  • 1.广东海洋大学滨海农业学院,湛江 524000
  • 2.广东省清远市动物疫病预防控制中心,清远 511518
通讯作者:
高振华,主要从事动物营养研究,E-mail:
尹福泉,主要从事动物营养研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

王志敬,硕士生,高级兽医师,主要从事动物营养与免疫研究,E-mail:

Study on the Reciprocal Cross Effects of Hybrid Combinations between Kirin Chicken and Huaixiang Chicken
Zhijing WANG1, 2 , Yingming LIU1, Zhenhua GAO1 , Fuquan YIN1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524000,China
  • 2.Qingyuan Animal Disease Prevention Control Center,Qingyuan 511518,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    GAO Zhenhua, E-mail:
    YIN Fuquan, E-mail: .
出版时间: 2026-01-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.015
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旨在有效利用国家新鉴定种质资源粤西卷羽鸡的优良特性,分析其与地方优良品种怀乡鸡杂交的杂种优势机制,比较二者及正反交后代的关键生产性能与肌肉品质差异,为热带、亚热带地区优质肉鸡高效选育提供核心亲本选配依据。本试验以怀乡鸡(A 品系、C 品系)和粤西卷羽鸡(黄羽快羽、黄羽慢羽)为育种材料,采用完全双列杂交设计设4个配套组合(怀乡鸡纯繁组、粤西卷羽鸡纯繁组、正交组、反交组),每组6个重复(每重复20只1日龄健康雏鸡,公母各半,初生重误差±10%标准差),饲养16周后测定相关指标。试验数据显示:16周龄公鸡平均体重反交鸡(1 790.69 g)>正交鸡(1 761.67 g)>粤西卷羽鸡(1 733.78 g)>怀乡鸡(1 582.63 g),组间差异显著(P<0.05),母鸡各组差异不显著(P>0.05);怀乡鸡生长峰值在8周龄,粤西卷羽鸡在12周龄,杂交公鸡在14周龄、母鸡在8周龄;怀乡鸡胸、腿肌水分含量较高,反交公鸡腿肌粗脂肪含量显著高于怀乡鸡与正交鸡(P<0.05);粤西卷羽鸡胸、腿肌肌纤维直径及密度显著小于其他3组(P<0.05);胸肌水分与肌纤维密度、粗蛋白与粗脂肪等指标间存在极显著相关(P<0.01)。粤西卷羽鸡与怀乡鸡的杂交后代生长性能优良,表现出明显杂种优势,且反交组合生长性能优于正交组合,为热带地区优质鸡配套组合筛选提供科学参考。

粤西卷羽鸡  /  怀乡鸡  /  杂交  /  生产性能  /  肌肉品质  /  肌肉组织特性

The study aimed to utilize the superior traits of Kirin chicken (a newly identified national genetic resource) and explore the heterosis mechanism of its cross with the local excellent Huaixiang chicken, this study compared the key production performance and muscle quality among Huaixiang chicken, Kirin chicken, and their reciprocal cross offspring, aiming to provide a basis for parental matching in high-quality broiler breeding in tropical and subtropical regions. Huaixiang chickens (strain A, strain C) and Kirin chickens (fast yellow-feather, slow yellow-feather) were used for a complete diallel cross experiment, with 4 mating combinations (Huaixiang purebred group, Kirin purebred group, orthogonal group, reverse-cross group). Each group had 6 replicates (20 1-day-old healthy chicks per replicate, half male and half female, birth weight error within ±10% SD), and relevant indicators were measured after 16 weeks of feeding. At 16 weeks of age, the average weight of cocks was reverse-cross chicken (1 790.69 g) > orthogonal chicken (1 761.67 g) > Kirin chicken (1 733.78 g) > Huaixiang chicken (1 582.63 g) with significant differences (P<0.05), while no significant difference was found in hens (P>0.05); the maximum growth rate of Huaixiang chicken appeared at 8 weeks, Kirin chicken at 12 weeks, hybrid cocks at 14 weeks, and hybrid hens at 8 weeks; Huaixiang chicken had higher moisture content in breast and leg muscles, and the crude fat content in leg muscles of reverse-cross cocks was significantly higher than that of Huaixiang and orthogonal cocks (P<0.05); Kirin chicken had significantly smaller muscle fiber diameter and density in breast and leg muscles than the other 3 groups (P<0.05); there were extremely significant correlations between indicators such as breast muscle moisture and muscle fiber density, crude protein and crude fat (P<0.01). The hybrid offspring of Kirin and Huaixiang chickens showed excellent growth performance and obvious heterosis, with reverse-cross combinations outperforming orthogonal ones, providing a scientific reference for screening high-quality chicken matching combinations in tropical regions.

Kirin chicken  /  Huaixiang chicken  /  hybridization  /  production performance  /  muscle quality  /  histological characteristics of muscle
王志敬, 刘英明, 高振华, 尹福泉. 粤西卷羽鸡与怀乡鸡杂交配套组合的正反交效应研究. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (1) : 167 -180 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.015
Zhijing WANG, Yingming LIU, Zhenhua GAO, Fuquan YIN. Study on the Reciprocal Cross Effects of Hybrid Combinations between Kirin Chicken and Huaixiang Chicken[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (1) : 167 -180 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.015
种质资源是保护动物遗传多样性、保障畜牧业可持续发展的重要物质基础,对于培育新品种和保障畜禽产品稳产保供和创新发展具有重要的实践意义。在经济社会持续演进的进程中,高生产性能新品种的培育以及国外新品系的引入,给我国本土畜禽种质资源保护工作带来严峻挑战。在此背景下,大量地方畜禽品种资源面临濒危困境,亟待采取有效措施加以保护。近年来,从国家到省、市各级政府均对地方畜禽品种资源的调查、保护及利用工作予以高度重视,积极出台并实施一系列措施,着力扭转当前的不利发展态势。粤西卷羽鸡(Kirin chicken),产自广东茂名、湛江一带,因全身羽毛向前卷曲,别名卷毛鸡、翻毛鸡、反翅鸡等。2023年6月,粤西卷羽鸡通过国家畜禽遗传资源委员会审定和鉴定,正式成为我国畜禽新品种。怀乡鸡(Huaixiang chicken),原产自广东茂名信宜怀乡镇,因信宜曾隶属湛江管辖,故也称信宜鸡、湛江鸡,是广东四大名鸡之一。因具有皮黄、毛黄、脚黄的特征,故属于“三黄鸡”鸡种。该鸡种具有采食性好、耐粗饲、适应性和抗病力强等优点,且肉质嫩滑爽口、皮薄骨脆,是烹饪佳肴的上等选择。杜炳旺等[1]测定了怀乡鸡的生长性能及部分肉质性状,王府建等[2]对不同品系(快羽、慢羽)粤西卷羽鸡的生长发育规律进行了研究,王志敬等[3]对怀乡鸡、粤西卷羽鸡及其杂交一代的体尺性状与屠宰性能展开了测定分析,李乃宾[4]研究了贵妃鸡、麒麟鸡及其杂交后代的生长性能和肉品质,赵志远[5]研究了怀乡鸡、贵妃鸡及其杂交后代的生产性能和肌肉品质,结果得出杂交后代的生产性能和肌肉品质均优于贵妃鸡,但与怀乡鸡和麒麟鸡还存在一定程度差距。种质资源作为农业现代化发展的核心要素,亦是满足未来家禽品种改良需求的关键基因宝库。唯有在妥善保护种质资源遗传多样性的前提下合理加以利用,方可达成种质资源保护与利用的可持续发展目标,充分挖掘其社会价值与经济价值。当下,针对粤西卷羽鸡、怀乡鸡开展杂交选育利用,以及对其生产性能测定、肉品质分析的相关研究较为匮乏。本试验以粤西卷羽鸡和怀乡鸡为育种材料实施正反交试验,通过测定并对比其杂交后代生产性能,深入剖析肌肉品质特性,以期为热带地方鸡种的开发利用与推广提供科学依据。
试验选用广东盈富农业有限公司提供的怀乡鸡(A品系)、怀乡鸡(C品系)、粤西卷羽鸡(黄羽、快羽)、粤西卷羽鸡(黄羽、慢羽)作为育种素材,进行杂交试验设计。试验为完全双列杂交设计,试验分为4个配套组合,分别记为怀乡鸡纯繁组(怀乡鸡A♂×怀乡鸡C♀),粤西卷羽鸡纯繁组(粤西卷羽鸡快羽♂×粤西卷羽鸡慢羽♀),正交组(怀乡鸡C♂×粤西卷羽鸡慢羽♀),反交组(粤西卷羽鸡慢羽♂×怀乡鸡C♀)。每组6个重复,每个重复20只(1日龄健康雏鸡,初生重在误差±10%标准差以内),公母各半,饲养至16周结束并测定相关指标。
试验鸡群采用立体笼养模式,分为0~5周龄和6~16周龄两个饲养阶段,分别饲喂小鸡料和中鸡料。鸡只在相同环境条件下自由采食和饮水,按常规程序免疫并记录鸡群健康状况,鸡舍卫生参照养殖场管理,进行定期打扫与消毒。使用的饲料为湛江市晋盛牧业科技有限公司生产的全价配合饲料,日粮营养水平见表1。
平均体重:记录初生(1日龄)体重。育雏阶段(1~6周龄)每周称重,育肥阶段(7~16周龄)每2周称重,停饲空腹称重记录,计算4个配套组合0~16周龄平均体重。
计算4个组合0~16周龄绝对生长速度(AGR)和相对生长速度(RGR)。计算公式如下:
AGR=(W2-W1)/(t2-t1)
RGR=2×(W2-W1)/(W2+W1)×100%
W1为前一次测定的体积;W2为后一次测定的体积;t1为前一次测定的时间;t2为后一次测定的时间。
水分采用GB 5009.3—2016、粗蛋白采用GB 5009.5—2016、粗脂肪采用GB 5009.6—2016、粗灰分采用GB 5009.4—2016方法测定。
采用 Image-Pro Plus 6.0图像分析软件,在400倍光学显微镜下,每个样本随机选取5个视野,测量肌纤维直径(μm),并计数每个视野内的肌纤维数量,换算为肌纤维密度(N·mm-2)。
正态性检验:采用 Shapiro-Wilk 检验法,对每组数据(各指标的重复测定值)进行正态性验证,若P>0.05则认为数据符合正态分布;线性关系验证:通过绘制散点图结合线性回归分析,观察两变量间的分布趋势,若回归方程的决定系R2显著(P<0.05),则认为两变量间存在线性关系。仅当数据同时满足“正态分布”和“线性关系”两个前提时,采用Pearson法计算变量间的相关系数(r),并检验相关性的显著性(P<0.05 为显著相关,P<0.01为极显著相关)。
试验数据使用SPSS 20.0进行统计及分析,利用单因素ANNOA检验、Duncan氏法对平均体重进行分析,显著水平为P<0.05;结果以“平均值±标准差(SD)”表示。利用Pearson法对数据进行相关性分析。
由表2可知,不同组合间公、母鸡1日龄平均体重差异不显著(P>0.05)。怀乡鸡与粤西卷羽鸡平均体重比较:1)公鸡:1~6周龄、12~14周龄粤西卷羽公鸡均重显著大于怀乡公鸡(P<0.05),其他周龄两组间公鸡均重差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)母鸡:1~6周龄、10~12周龄粤西卷羽母鸡均重显著大于怀乡母鸡,其他周龄两组间母鸡均重差异不显著(P>0.05)。正交鸡与反交鸡平均体重比较:1)公鸡:5~8周龄,反交公鸡均重显著大于正交公鸡(P<0.05),其他周龄两组间公鸡均重差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)母鸡:3~6周龄,反交母鸡均重显著大于正交母鸡(P<0.05),其他周龄两组间母鸡均重差异不显著(P>0.05)。杂交后代与纯种平均体重比较:1)公鸡:1~16周龄,反交公鸡均重显著大于怀乡公鸡(P<0.05)。1~6周龄,正交公鸡均重显著大于怀乡公鸡,8~12周龄两者间均重差异不显著(P>0.05),14周龄两者均重差异显著(P<0.05),16周龄两者间均重差异不显著(P>0.05)。与粤西卷羽公鸡相比,正交公鸡整个饲养试验各周龄与粤西卷羽公鸡间差异均不显著(P>0.05);而1~4周龄反交公鸡与粤西卷羽公鸡差异不显著(P>0.05),5~10周龄则显著大于粤西卷羽公鸡(P<0.05),12~16周龄未见显著差异(P>0.05)。2)母鸡:1~3周龄正交母鸡显著大于怀乡母鸡(P<0.05),4~5周龄差异不显著(P>0.05),6~12周龄显著大于怀乡母鸡(P<0.05),14~16周龄则差异不显著(P>0.05);1~12周龄反交母鸡显著大于怀乡母鸡(P<0.05),14~16周龄两者差异不显著(P>0.05)。与粤西卷羽母鸡相比,1~4周龄正交母鸡(除2周龄)显著小于粤西卷羽母鸡(P<0.05),6~16周龄两者差异均不显著(P>0.05);1周龄反交母鸡显著小于粤西卷羽母鸡(P<0.05),5~10周龄则反交母鸡显著大于粤西卷羽母鸡(P<0.05),其余周龄两者差异不显著(P>0.05)。
由表3可知,不同组合间公、母鸡绝对生长速度变化趋势较为接近,具体是:0~4周龄总体呈缓慢上升趋势,5周龄生长速度呈现降低,其后又呈快速上升趋势,公鸡10~14周龄、母鸡8~10周龄后总体呈下降趋势。不同组合绝对生长速度峰值及周龄,分别是:1)公鸡:怀乡公鸡8周龄20.04 g·d-1、粤西卷羽公鸡12周龄24.55 g·d-1、正交公鸡14周龄24.30 g·d-1、反交公鸡6周龄23.15 g·d-1。2)母鸡:怀乡母鸡8周龄18.07 g·d-1、粤西卷羽母鸡12周龄19.47 g·d-1、正交母鸡8周龄 19.48 g·d-1、反交母鸡8周龄18.22 g·d-1。正交公母鸡的绝对生长速度介于怀乡公母鸡与粤西卷羽公母鸡之间,而反交公母鸡则高于怀乡鸡与粤西卷羽鸡。同组合间各周龄公鸡生长速度大于母鸡,母鸡的绝对生长速度整体趋势平缓,公鸡的绝对生长速度有一定的波动。不同组合间公、母鸡的相对生长速度变化整体上呈随周龄快速下降趋势,10~12周龄后趋于稳定,但4~5周龄出现明显下降,5~6周龄又出现大幅上升。
由表4可知,怀乡鸡与粤西卷羽鸡胸肌营养特性比较:怀乡公鸡、母鸡的胸肌水分含量显著大于粤西卷羽鸡公、母鸡(P<0.05)。怀乡公鸡的胸肌粗蛋白含量显著大于粤西卷羽公鸡(P<0.05),怀乡母鸡的胸肌粗蛋白含量显著小于粤西卷羽母鸡(P<0.05)。正交鸡与反交鸡胸肌营养特性比较:正交公鸡、母鸡胸肌水分含量显著大于反交鸡公、母鸡(P<0.05)。正交母鸡的胸肌粗蛋白含量显著小于反交母鸡(P<0.05),正交公鸡的胸肌粗蛋白含量与反交公鸡间差异不显著(P>0.05)。杂交后代与纯种胸肌营养特性比较:1)公鸡:与怀乡公鸡相比,正交、反交公鸡的胸肌水分含量显著小于怀乡公鸡(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量与怀乡公鸡差异不显著(P>0.05)。与粤西卷羽公鸡相比,正交公鸡的胸肌水分、粗蛋白含量显著大于粤西卷羽公鸡(P<0.05);反交公鸡的胸肌水分、粗蛋白含量与粤西卷羽公鸡差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)母鸡:与怀乡母鸡相比,正交母鸡的胸肌水分、粗蛋白含量与怀乡母鸡差异不显著(P>0.05);反交母鸡的胸肌水分含量显著小于怀乡母鸡(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量显著大于怀乡母鸡(P<0.05)。与粤西卷羽母鸡相比,正交母鸡的胸肌水分含量显著大于粤西卷羽母鸡(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量显著小于粤西卷羽母鸡(P<0.05);反交母鸡的胸肌水分、粗蛋白含量与粤西卷羽母鸡差异不显著(P>0.05)。
由表5可知,怀乡鸡与粤西卷羽鸡腿肌营养特性比较:怀乡公鸡、母鸡的腿肌水分含量显著大于粤西卷羽鸡公、母鸡(P<0.05)。怀乡公鸡的腿肌粗蛋白含量显著大于粤西卷羽公鸡(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量显著小于粤西卷羽公鸡(P<0.05)。怀乡母鸡的腿肌粗灰分含量显著小于粤西卷羽鸡母鸡(P<0.05)。正交鸡与反交鸡腿肌营养特性比较:正交母鸡的腿肌水分含量显著大于反交鸡母鸡(P<0.05),正交公鸡的腿肌水分含量与反交公鸡差异不显著(P>0.05)。正交公鸡的腿肌粗蛋白含量显著大于反交公鸡(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量显著小于反交公鸡(P<0.05)。正交母鸡腿肌粗灰分含量显著小于反交母鸡(P<0.05)。杂交后代与纯种腿肌营养特性比较:1)公鸡:与怀乡公鸡相比,正交、反交公鸡的腿肌水分含量显著小于怀乡公鸡(P<0.05),反交公鸡的腿肌粗蛋白含量显著小于怀乡公鸡(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量显著大于怀乡公鸡(P<0.05),正交公鸡的腿肌粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量与怀乡公鸡差异不显著(P>0.05)。与粤西卷羽公鸡相比,正交公鸡的腿肌水分、粗蛋白含量显著大于粤西卷羽公鸡(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量显著小于粤西卷羽公鸡(P<0.05),反交公鸡的腿肌水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量与粤西卷羽公鸡差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)母鸡:与怀乡母鸡相比,正交、反交母鸡的腿肌水分含量显著小于怀乡母鸡(P<0.05),反交母鸡的腿肌粗灰分含量显著大于怀乡母鸡(P<0.05),正交母鸡的腿肌粗灰分含量与怀乡母鸡差异不显著(P>0.05)。与粤西卷羽母鸡相比,正交母鸡的腿肌水分含量显著大于粤西卷羽母鸡(P<0.05),粗灰分含量显著小于粤西卷羽母鸡(P<0.05),反交母鸡腿肌的水分、粗灰分含量与粤西卷羽母鸡差异不显著(P>0.05)。
由表6可知,怀乡鸡与粤西卷羽鸡胸肌组织特性比较:怀乡公鸡、母鸡的胸肌肌纤维直径、密度显著大于粤西卷羽鸡公、母鸡(P<0.05)。正交鸡与反交鸡胸肌组织特性比较:正交公鸡的胸肌肌纤维直径、密度与反交鸡公鸡差异不显著(P>0.05)。正交母鸡的胸肌肌纤维密度显著小于反交母鸡(P<0.05),肌纤维直径与反交母鸡差异不显著(P>0.05)。杂交后代与纯种胸肌组织特性比较:1)公鸡:与怀乡公鸡相比,正交、反交公鸡的胸肌肌纤维直径、密度与怀乡公鸡差异不显著(P>0.05)。与粤西卷羽公鸡相比,正交、反交公鸡的胸肌肌纤维直径显著大于粤西卷羽公鸡(P<0.05),肌纤维密度与粤西卷羽公鸡差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)母鸡:与怀乡母鸡相比,正交、反交母鸡的胸肌肌纤维直径与怀乡母鸡差异不显著(P>0.05),肌纤维密度显著小于怀乡母鸡(P<0.05)。与粤西卷羽母鸡相比,正交、反交母鸡的胸肌肌纤维直径、密度显著大于粤西卷羽母鸡(P<0.05)。
由表7可知,怀乡母鸡的腿肌肌纤维直径、密度显著大于粤西卷羽鸡母鸡(P<0.05)。怀乡公鸡的腿肌肌纤维直径与粤西卷羽公鸡差异不显著(P>0.05),肌纤维密度显著大于粤西卷羽公鸡(P<0.05)。正交鸡与反交鸡腿肌组织特性比较:正交公鸡、母鸡的腿肌肌纤维直径与反交鸡公、母鸡差异不显著(P>0.05),肌纤维密度显著小于反交鸡公、母鸡(P<0.05)。杂交后代与纯种后代腿肌组织特性比较:1)公鸡:与怀乡公鸡相比,正交、反交公鸡的腿肌肌纤维密度显著小于怀乡公鸡(P<0.05),正交公鸡的腿肌肌纤维直径显著大于怀乡公鸡(P<0.05),反交公鸡的腿肌肌纤维直径与怀乡公鸡差异不显著(P>0.05)。与粤西卷羽公鸡相比,正交、反交公鸡的腿肌肌纤维直径、密度显著大于粤西卷羽公鸡(P<0.05)。2)母鸡:与怀乡母鸡相比,正交、反交母鸡的腿肌肌纤维直径与怀乡母鸡差异不显著(P>0.05),正交母鸡的腿肌肌纤维密度显著小于怀乡母鸡(P<0.05),反交母鸡的腿肌肌纤维密度显著大于怀乡母鸡(P<0.05)。与粤西卷羽母鸡相比,正交、反交母鸡的腿肌肌纤维直径、密度显著大于粤西卷羽母鸡(P<0.05)。
由表8可知,胸肌水分含量与肌纤维密度间呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与其他指标间不存在显著相关关系(P>0.05)。胸肌粗蛋白与粗脂肪、粗灰分间呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),胸肌粗脂肪与粗灰分间呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与肌纤维直径、肌纤维密度不存在显著相关关系(P>0.05)。
由表9可知,腿肌粗蛋白与粗脂肪间呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),其余各指标间均不存在显著相关关系(P>0.05)。
体重作为衡量动物生长性能的关键指标,能够直观反映肉用家禽的经济价值,在家禽品种选育领域意义重大[6⁃7]。因此,在品种早期选育过程中,体重既可用作比较杂交改良效果的重要依据,也能反映品种自身的体型特征,用于衡量生长性能、评价生长发育状况[8⁃11]。本研究中,怀乡鸡、粤西卷羽鸡及其正、反交后代的生长发育呈现 “前期增重平缓、后期分化显著” 的规律,且公鸡体重普遍高于母鸡,这一趋势与多数地方鸡种的生长特性研究结论一致。管红尔[8]在广元灰鸡及其杂交组合的研究中发现,地方鸡种普遍在4周龄后出现公、母体重的明显分化,且公鸡生长周期更长,这与本研究中4周龄后公、母体重差距显现的结果高度契合,推测该现象可能与性别相关的生长激素分泌差异及代谢速率不同有关,公鸡的蛋白质沉积能力和能量利用效率在育肥期更具优势,因此表现出更显著的体重增长潜力。
从杂种优势表现来看,本研究中杂交后代(正反交组)的16周龄公鸡体重均优于两纯繁组,且反交组表现最优,这一结果符合热带、亚热带地区地方鸡种杂交改良的普遍规律。Sungkhapreecha等[7]对黑骨鸡与泰国本地鸡的双列杂交研究表明,杂交后代在体重性状上具有杂种优势,其核心机制在于亲本间遗传差异带来的基因互补效应;本研究中,粤西卷羽鸡(国家新鉴定种质,生长速度较快)与怀乡鸡(传统优质鸡种,适应性强)的杂交组合恰好通过遗传互补实现了生长性能的提升,进一步验证了地方鸡种杂交育种中优势性状叠加的可行性。
本研究中,反交组(粤西卷羽鸡慢羽♂×怀乡鸡C♀)公鸡体重显著高于正交组(怀乡鸡C♂×粤西卷羽鸡慢羽♀),这一正、反交差异可能与母体效应有关。吴迪[10]在瑶鸡与济宁百日鸡的正反交试验中发现,以生长性能更优的品种作为母本时,后代早期体重增长具有一定优势,从而为后期体重增长奠定基础,这与王府建等[2]对粤西卷羽鸡母本性能的研究形成对比,该研究指出粤西卷羽鸡纯繁时母本蛋重略低于怀乡鸡,间接支持了本研究中反交组的母体优势假设。
此外,本研究中怀乡鸡纯繁组16周龄公鸡体重与杜炳旺等[1]的测定结果(约1 550 g)基本一致,粤西卷羽鸡纯繁组体重也与王府建等[2]的快羽品系数据(1 700~1 750 g)相符,说明本试验的饲养管理条件和体重测定方法具有可靠性。而杂交后代对怀乡鸡生长性能的改良效果(体重提升11%~13%)显著高于赵志远[5]报道的怀乡鸡与贵妃鸡杂交组合(提升6%~8%),这一差异可能源于粤西卷羽鸡与怀乡鸡的遗传距离更近(同属粤西地方鸡种),减少了远缘杂交中的遗传排斥效应,为后续优质鸡配套组合筛选提供了近缘优势的新思路。
本研究中母鸡组间体重差异不显著,这一现象在Obremski等[9]的研究中也有报道,地方鸡种母鸡的生长潜力受繁殖相关基因调控更强,其体重性状的遗传力(h²=0.23~0.28)显著低于公鸡(h²=0.35~0.40),因此对杂交优势的响应更弱。这一结果提示,在后续育种中,针对母鸡的改良需更多关注繁殖性能(如产蛋量、蛋品质),而非单纯追求体重提升,才能实现生长与繁殖双性状的协同优化。
生长速度在一定程度上能够直观反映机体体重的动态变化,而绝对生长速度与相对生长速度作为衡量特定阶段动物机体生长率波动的关键指标,备受学界关注。本研究中不同组合公母鸡的绝对生长速度呈现前期缓升、中期波动、后期下降的趋势,且品种与性别对生长速度峰值周龄的影响显著,怀乡鸡峰值在8周龄、粤西卷羽鸡在12周龄、杂交公鸡在14周龄,这一规律与地方鸡种生长发育的遗传特性高度关联,且与已有研究结论形成呼应。杜炳旺等[1]对怀乡鸡生长性能的测定发现,该品种作为典型的华南优质鸡种,早期生长速度平缓,8周龄后生长速率逐渐下降,这与本研究中怀乡鸡8周龄达生长峰值(公鸡20.04 g·d-1、母鸡18.07 g·d-1)的结果完全一致,印证了怀乡鸡早出栏、肉质优的品种特性;而王府建等[2]对粤西卷羽鸡快、慢羽品系的研究表明,该品种生长周期更长,12周龄左右仍保持较高生长速率,本研究中粤西卷羽鸡12周龄绝对生长速度达峰值(公鸡24.55 g·d-1、母鸡19.47 g·d-1),进一步验证了其生长持续期长的遗传优势。
杂交后代生长速度峰值的性别分化现象(公鸡14周龄、母鸡8周龄)在地方鸡种杂交研究中具有普遍性。侯英东等[11]对固始鸡与矮小贵妃鸡杂交后代的研究发现,杂交公鸡的生长峰值比母鸡晚2~4周,核心原因在于公鸡的肌肉发育周期更长,且睾酮等性激素对蛋白质沉积的促进作用在育肥后期(12~14周龄)更显著;本研究中杂交公鸡14周龄峰值(正交24.30 g·d-1、反交23.09 g·d-1)高于两纯种公鸡(怀乡鸡20.04 g·d-1、粤西卷羽鸡24.55 g·d-1),虽略低于粤西卷羽鸡,但结合体重结果(杂交公鸡16周龄体重更高)可知,杂交公鸡在峰值后仍能维持较高生长效率,这一峰值后持续生长特性与李乃宾[4]报道的麒麟鸡杂交后代生长规律相似,该研究指出,含麒麟鸡血统的杂交鸡在14周龄后体重仍可增长15%~20%,显著高于其他杂交组合,说明粤西卷羽鸡的生长基因在杂交后代中得到有效传递。
4~8周龄生长速度出现骤降回升的波动,推测与转群、换料等饲养应激相关,这一现象在吴迪[10]的瑶鸡与济宁百日鸡杂交试验中也有发现,该研究提到,4周龄转群后鸡只采食量下降10%~15%,5周龄换料后消化系统需适应新日粮,导致生长速度短暂放缓,6周龄后逐渐恢复,与本研究的波动趋势完全吻合。这提示在地方鸡种杂交养殖中需优化4~6周龄的饲养管理方案,如采用渐进式换料、控制转群后的环境应激(温度、密度),以减少生长速度的波动,提升养殖效率。
相对生长速度随周龄下降并在10~12周龄趋于稳定,符合家禽生长的生物学规律,育雏期(0~6周龄)鸡只新陈代谢旺盛,体重基数小,相对生长速度高;随着日龄增长,体重基数增大,生长速率逐渐趋于平缓。管红尔[8]对广元灰鸡的研究显示,地方鸡种相对生长速度普遍在10周龄后降至5%以下并稳定,本研究中各组合12周龄后相对生长速度维持在8%~24%,略高于该研究结果,推测与本试验采用的全价配合饲料(代谢能11.70~11.98 MJ·kg-1、粗蛋白18.45%~21.35%)营养水平较高有关,说明饲料营养可在一定程度上延缓相对生长速度的下降趋势,为后续杂交鸡的饲料配方优化提供了参考方向。
此外,反交公鸡的绝对生长速度整体高于正交公鸡,这一正反交差异与体重性状的优势趋势一致,进一步印证了母体效应的影响。吴迪[10]的研究指出,以生长性能更优的品种作为母本时,后代的消化酶活性会更高一些,促进营养物质吸收,从而提高生长速度;本研究中反交组以怀乡鸡为母本,其母源抗体和蛋黄营养可能更利于雏鸡早期发育,为后期生长速度奠定基础,这一机制也解释了反交组合在生长性能上的整体优势。
水分与粗脂肪含量的高低均和鸡肉多汁性存在紧密联系,在肌肉组织里,处于适宜区间的水分含量,可有效提升肉质嫩度,优化适口体验,通常而言,当肌肉水分含量介于70%~75%之间,同时粗脂肪含量超2.5%时,肌肉在适口性、口感层面均能呈现出良好表现[12⁃14]。在本次试验中,针对不同组别的鸡,对其胸肌与腿肌的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪及粗灰分含量展开了测定分析。结果显示,胸肌水分含量区间处于71.09%~73.30%,腿肌水分含量范围为70.70%~73.30%。就水分含量由高到低排序为怀乡鸡、正交鸡、反交鸡、粤西卷羽鸡,其中怀乡鸡的腿肌与胸肌水分含量均为最高,从肉质适口性层面推断,怀乡鸡的口感或最佳。粗蛋白与粗脂肪含量作为衡量肉质营养价值的关键指标,对鸡肉品质影响深远。肌肉内粗脂肪含量的高低直接关乎鸡肉的嫩度与香味;蛋白质含量高低则关联着鸡肉的营养价值[15⁃17]。本试验测定出各组胸肌粗脂肪含量在2.71%~3.65%,腿肌粗脂肪含量为8.49%~10.85%,这一数据与施力光等[18]的研究成果较为接近。此外,在不同组别中,母鸡的粗脂肪含量普遍高于公鸡,腿肌粗脂肪含量也显著高于胸肌,这与黄玉萍[19]的研究结论一致,表明因肌肉组织结构与生理特性存在差异,腿部更利于脂肪沉积。在粗蛋白含量方面,不同组别的肌肉粗蛋白含量均处于较高水平,且呈现出公鸡高于母鸡、胸肌高于腿肌的特征,这与李培峰等[20]的研究发现相符,由此可推断,胸肌的营养价值相较于腿肌更高,公鸡肉质具备高蛋白、低脂肪的营养优势。粗灰分作为衡量矿物质含量的重要质量指标,在本次试验结果中,正交母鸡胸肌的粗灰分含量最高,不过,有关具体的矿物质含量仍需进一步深入研究测定,以获取更为详尽、精准的数据。
肌纤维直径能够直观体现肌肉力量、收缩特性以及代谢功能,而肌纤维密度则反映了肌束内肌纤维的空间排列状况与堆积效应[21⁃40]。作为衡量肌肉嫩度的关键指标,肌纤维直径和密度在品种选育领域同样占据重要地位,是不容忽视的经济指标[38⁃40]。有研究表明,鸡肉肌纤维直径越小、密度越大,肌肉的系水力就越强,肉质也就越细嫩。在本试验中,腿肌的肌纤维直径普遍大于胸肌,这或许是由于腿肌中红肌纤维含量较高,而红肌纤维本身直径偏大[24⁃26]。不同组合的肌肉组织特性均表现良好。其中,杂交代公母鸡的肌纤维直径大于两个纯繁组,肌纤维密度处于纯种之间,且两杂交后代间差异不显著。这一结果意味着纯种鸡的肌肉细嫩度优于杂交鸡,推测与怀乡鸡、粤西卷羽鸡同属优质型肉鸡有关[1⁃5]。整体来看,怀乡鸡的肌肉组织特性优于杂交后代,与粤西卷羽鸡相当;两杂交后代间的肌肉组织特性总体差异不大,说明杂交鸡在肉质改良方面效果并不显著。此外,本研究还发现,公鸡的肌纤维密度大于母鸡,这可能和公鸡活泼好斗的习性相关,而二者的肌纤维直径整体差异不明显。
在深入分析肌肉营养特性与组织特性的关联时,明确具体营养特性指标与肌肉组织特征间的相关性,对于科学指导肌肉营养品质评估以及满足消费者对口感嫩度的选择需求具有重要意义。本研究发现,胸肌的肌肉水分含量与肌纤维密度之间呈现出极显著的相关性,这一结果与众多已有研究成果高度契合[22⁃26]。然而,在探讨肌肉的肌纤维密度与直径的关系时,本试验得出了与前人研究不同的结论,即二者之间不存在相关关系。推测这一差异的产生,可能归因于本次试验所采用的鸡群为笼养方式,由于活动空间受限,鸡只运动量较少,导致肌纤维的发育未能达到理想状态。进一步分析肌肉的营养成分指标发现,粗蛋白、粗脂肪以及粗灰分之间均存在极显著的相关性。这一现象暗示着在肌肉营养成分的合成或代谢过程中,这些指标之间或许存在着一定程度的竞争关系。此外,粗脂肪与粗灰分之间的相关性表明,在代谢过程中,二者可能相互促进,共同影响着肌肉的营养特性。基于上述研究结果,在未来的杂交育种以及养殖实践中,为了提升肌肉的品质与口感,可考虑通过合理增加鸡只的运动量,促进肌纤维的正常发育。这一方式不仅有助于优化肌肉的营养特性,还为相关品种的进一步推广和应用提供了切实可行的实践方向,具有重要的实际应用价值。
而正交鸡与反交鸡的肌肉品质并无显著差异。就肌肉组织特性而言,怀乡鸡的肌纤维特性最为优良,反交鸡位列其后,接着是粤西卷羽鸡,正交鸡则排在最后。相关性研究结果表明,胸肌的水分含量与肌纤维密度呈现出极为显著的正相关;胸肌的粗脂肪与粗灰分之间存在极显著的正相关关系;胸肌及腿肌中的粗蛋白与粗脂肪均呈现出极显著的负相关。
研究综合表明,杂交后代在生长速度上表现优异,在提升生长性能、改良肌肉品质方面均展现出明显的杂种优势。本研究揭示了反交组合的生长性能显著优于正交组合,整体杂交效果也更优,这为筛选新型优质鸡配套组合提供了极具价值的科学依据和明确方向。此外,水分含量、肌纤维密度、粗蛋白及粗灰分等指标可做为衡量肌肉优良品质的正向参考,为后续研究与实践奠定了重要基础。对于利用杂交优势高效选育适应热带气候环境的高性能鸡种具有重要的实践应用价值。
  • 广东省研究生教育创新计划项目(2020SFKC041)
  • 粤西地区畜禽遗传资源与种质创新湛江市重点实验室(2021A05024)
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2026年第57卷第1期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.015
  • 接收时间:2025-06-05
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-01-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-05
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广东省研究生教育创新计划项目(2020SFKC041)
粤西地区畜禽遗传资源与种质创新湛江市重点实验室(2021A05024)
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    1.广东海洋大学滨海农业学院,湛江 524000
    2.广东省清远市动物疫病预防控制中心,清远 511518

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高振华,主要从事动物营养研究,E-mail:
尹福泉,主要从事动物营养研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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