Article(id=1307007558460396068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1748534400000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789544484963, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1769097600000, pubDateStr=2026-01-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789544484963, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789544484963, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789544484963, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307007396681900041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='568', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769097600000', pubDateStr='2026-01-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789544446392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609890784, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281890638057732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281890738721029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=22, endPage=29, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307007560964395557, articleId=1307007558460396068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Research Progress and Frontier Exploration of Quality Evaluation Indicators for Domestic Animal Blastocysts, columnId=1307007397399126026, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=REVIEW, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The evaluation of blastocyst quality is of great significance for assisted reproductive technology (ART). Through quality assessment, blastocysts with the highest implantation potential can be selected, reducing the number of embryo transfers and improving the clinical pregnancy rate. However, there are many methods for blastocyst quality evaluation, but there is a lack of horizontal and systematic comparison. At present, the existing blastocyst quality evaluation methods mainly include morphological evaluation, metabolomics, time-lapse monitoring technology, genetic screening technology, artificial intelligence technology, etc. This paper systematically describes and compares the most effective and widely used methods for evaluating the quality of blastocysts at the blastocyst stage by summarizing the existing research systems and comprehensively discussing the advantages and limitations of various blastocyst quality evaluation technologies. Meanwhile, optimization schemes are proposed according to the limitations of various methods. It provides a theoretical basis and technical support for further optimizing the blastocyst quality evaluation technology, improving the clinical pregnancy rate and enhancing the efficiency of embryo selection.

, authors=Yanbo WANG1, 3, Xiaomeng ZHANG1, Xiaoyi FENG1, Haoran SONG1, Jianhua DONG1, Hongmei PAN2, Xueming ZHAO1, authorsList=Yanbo WANG, Xiaomeng ZHANG, Xiaoyi FENG, Haoran SONG, Jianhua DONG, Hongmei PAN, Xueming ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hongmei PAN, Xueming ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHAO Xueming, E-mail:
PAN Hongmei, E-mail:
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囊胚质量评估对辅助生殖技术(assisted reproductive technology,ART)有重要意义。通过质量评估,可以筛选出具有最高着床潜力的囊胚,减少胚胎移植次数并提高临床妊娠率。然而,关于囊胚质量评估的方法有很多,但却缺乏横向和系统的比较。目前,现有的囊胚质量评估方法主要包括形态学评估、代谢组学、延时检测技术、基因筛查技术、人工智能技术等。本文通过总结目前现有的研究体系以及全面讨论各种囊胚质量评价技术的优势和局限性系统地描述和比较现阶段最有效和最广泛使用的囊胚期胚胎质量评估方法。同时,根据各种方法局限性给出了优化方案。为进一步优化囊胚期质量评价技术、提高临床妊娠率和提升胚胎选择效率提供理论依据和技术支持。

, authors=王彦博1, 3, 张笑梦1, 冯肖艺1, 宋浩然1, 董建华1, 潘红梅2, 赵学明1, authorsList=王彦博, 张笑梦, 冯肖艺, 宋浩然, 董建华, 潘红梅, 赵学明, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=潘红梅, 赵学明, authorNote=

王彦博,硕士生,主要从事动物繁殖研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
赵学明,主要从事家畜胚胎生物技术研究,E-mail:
潘红梅,主要从事家畜胚胎生物技术研究,E-mail:
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after in vitro fertilization[J].NPJ Digit Med,2019,4(2):21., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286390467748419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007558460396068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=66, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN L,LI J,ZENG S,et al.Artificial intelligence system for outcome evaluations of human in vitro fertilization-derived embryos[J].Chin Med J (Engl),2024,137(16):1939-1949., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286390560023108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007558460396068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[68], rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BORMANN C L,THIRUMALARAJU P,KANAKASABAPATHY M K,et al.Consistency and objectivity of automated embryo assessments using deep neural networks[J].Fertil Steril,2020,113(4):781-787.e781., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286390618743365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007558460396068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GLATSTEIN I,CHAVEZ-BADIOLA A,CURCHOE C L.New frontiers in embryo selection[J].J Assist Reprod Genet,2023,40(2):223-234., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307286381449994747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007558460396068, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市人民政府与中国农业科学院战略合作资助项目(重庆地方猪胚胎冷冻保存技术研究与猪育种新材料创制,23310), fundOrder=null, 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Objective evaluation indexes and action mechanism of metabolomics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

客观评价指标

Objective evaluation index

作用机制

Action mechanism

代表性材料及研究证据

Representative materials and research evidence

氨基酸代谢

Amino acid mechanism

氨基酸的消耗与胚胎质量和非整倍体有关[24]。并且在劣质胚胎中某些氨基酸的代谢途径增加[25]。

Miao等[24]研究表明,谷氨酰胺可作为胚胎评估和非整倍体测试的分子指标;

Inoue等[25]研究表明,胚胎的形态学分类与氨基酸代谢相关。

葡萄糖代谢

Glucose metabolism

囊胚阶段胚胎的关键能量底物[26]Tsopp等[26]研究肯定了葡萄糖预测囊胚活力和评估胚胎成功植入潜力。

脂质代谢

Lipid metabolism

不饱和脂肪酸残基可用于信号传导,而饱和脂肪酸是细胞的能量储备[26]。Tsopp等[27]研究肯定了脂质β氧化作为囊胚植入前发育的关键过程的重要性。

糖酵解速率

Glycolytic rate

葡萄糖转化为乳酸的百分比。糖酵解活性低的囊胚,接近体内发育的囊胚,比糖酵解水平异常升高的囊胚具有显着更高的活力[28]。有研究表明,与随机选择的胚胎移植相比,使用糖酵解作为选择活胚胎的指标导致妊娠率增加了4倍[28]。
), ArticleFig(id=1307286381294805498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007558460396068, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

代谢组学客观评价指标及作用机制

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

客观评价指标

Objective evaluation index

作用机制

Action mechanism

代表性材料及研究证据

Representative materials and research evidence

氨基酸代谢

Amino acid mechanism

氨基酸的消耗与胚胎质量和非整倍体有关[24]。并且在劣质胚胎中某些氨基酸的代谢途径增加[25]。

Miao等[24]研究表明,谷氨酰胺可作为胚胎评估和非整倍体测试的分子指标;

Inoue等[25]研究表明,胚胎的形态学分类与氨基酸代谢相关。

葡萄糖代谢

Glucose metabolism

囊胚阶段胚胎的关键能量底物[26]Tsopp等[26]研究肯定了葡萄糖预测囊胚活力和评估胚胎成功植入潜力。

脂质代谢

Lipid metabolism

不饱和脂肪酸残基可用于信号传导,而饱和脂肪酸是细胞的能量储备[26]。Tsopp等[27]研究肯定了脂质β氧化作为囊胚植入前发育的关键过程的重要性。

糖酵解速率

Glycolytic rate

葡萄糖转化为乳酸的百分比。糖酵解活性低的囊胚,接近体内发育的囊胚,比糖酵解水平异常升高的囊胚具有显着更高的活力[28]。有研究表明,与随机选择的胚胎移植相比,使用糖酵解作为选择活胚胎的指标导致妊娠率增加了4倍[28]。
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家畜囊胚质量评价指标的研究进展与前沿探索
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王彦博 1, 3 , 张笑梦 1 , 冯肖艺 1 , 宋浩然 1 , 董建华 1 , 潘红梅 2 , 赵学明 1
畜牧兽医学报 | 综述 2026,57(1): 22-29
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畜牧兽医学报 |综述 2026 , 57 (1) : 22 -29
家畜囊胚质量评价指标的研究进展与前沿探索
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王彦博1, 3 , 张笑梦1, 冯肖艺1, 宋浩然1, 董建华1, 潘红梅2 , 赵学明1
作者信息
  • 1.中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京 100193
  • 2.重庆市畜牧科学院,荣昌 402460
  • 3.山西农业大学动物科学学院,太谷 030801
通讯作者:
赵学明,主要从事家畜胚胎生物技术研究,E-mail:
潘红梅,主要从事家畜胚胎生物技术研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

王彦博,硕士生,主要从事动物繁殖研究,E-mail:

Research Progress and Frontier Exploration of Quality Evaluation Indicators for Domestic Animal Blastocysts
Yanbo WANG1, 3 , Xiaomeng ZHANG1, Xiaoyi FENG1, Haoran SONG1, Jianhua DONG1, Hongmei PAN2 , Xueming ZHAO1
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China
  • 2.Chongqing Academy of Animal Science,Rongchang 402460,China
  • 3.College of Animal Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHAO Xueming, E-mail:
    PAN Hongmei, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.003
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囊胚质量评估对辅助生殖技术(assisted reproductive technology,ART)有重要意义。通过质量评估,可以筛选出具有最高着床潜力的囊胚,减少胚胎移植次数并提高临床妊娠率。然而,关于囊胚质量评估的方法有很多,但却缺乏横向和系统的比较。目前,现有的囊胚质量评估方法主要包括形态学评估、代谢组学、延时检测技术、基因筛查技术、人工智能技术等。本文通过总结目前现有的研究体系以及全面讨论各种囊胚质量评价技术的优势和局限性系统地描述和比较现阶段最有效和最广泛使用的囊胚期胚胎质量评估方法。同时,根据各种方法局限性给出了优化方案。为进一步优化囊胚期质量评价技术、提高临床妊娠率和提升胚胎选择效率提供理论依据和技术支持。

囊胚期胚胎  /  质量评价  /  前沿探索  /  研究进展

The evaluation of blastocyst quality is of great significance for assisted reproductive technology (ART). Through quality assessment, blastocysts with the highest implantation potential can be selected, reducing the number of embryo transfers and improving the clinical pregnancy rate. However, there are many methods for blastocyst quality evaluation, but there is a lack of horizontal and systematic comparison. At present, the existing blastocyst quality evaluation methods mainly include morphological evaluation, metabolomics, time-lapse monitoring technology, genetic screening technology, artificial intelligence technology, etc. This paper systematically describes and compares the most effective and widely used methods for evaluating the quality of blastocysts at the blastocyst stage by summarizing the existing research systems and comprehensively discussing the advantages and limitations of various blastocyst quality evaluation technologies. Meanwhile, optimization schemes are proposed according to the limitations of various methods. It provides a theoretical basis and technical support for further optimizing the blastocyst quality evaluation technology, improving the clinical pregnancy rate and enhancing the efficiency of embryo selection.

blastocyst stage embryo  /  quality evaluation  /  frontier exploration  /  research progress
王彦博, 张笑梦, 冯肖艺, 宋浩然, 董建华, 潘红梅, 赵学明. 家畜囊胚质量评价指标的研究进展与前沿探索. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (1) : 22 -29 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.003
Yanbo WANG, Xiaomeng ZHANG, Xiaoyi FENG, Haoran SONG, Jianhua DONG, Hongmei PAN, Xueming ZHAO. Research Progress and Frontier Exploration of Quality Evaluation Indicators for Domestic Animal Blastocysts[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (1) : 22 -29 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.003
对于生物学家来说,胚胎是一组可能形成胎儿并最终形成新生命体的细胞[1]。作为遗传信息的载体,胚胎的质量直接影响着后续个体的发育能力、健康状况以及生产性能。体外胚胎生产(in vitro embryo production,IVEP)是一门发展较快的生物技术,有助于家畜的遗传改良[2]。体外发育过程中对妊娠结果的预测取决于子宫内膜以及选择和替换具有更高植入潜力的胚胎[3],胚胎质量是影响辅助生殖疗法成功与否的关键。胚胎质量评估是辅助生殖技术(ART)成功的关键因素[4],能为畜牧生产提供优质种源[2],推动产业高效发展,还能助力珍稀动物的繁育,增加其种群数量,保护生物多样性。因此,在动物繁殖领域,胚胎质量评价至关重要。
囊胚质量是用于选择最有活力、植入率最高的胚胎进行移植的重要参数[5]。这一参数的核心价值源于囊胚移植在辅助生殖疗法中的显著优势——有研究表明:胚胎移植是实现更高妊娠成功率的关键方法之一,而相比卵裂期胚胎移植,囊胚期移植的效果更优,其核心原因在于胚胎在囊胚期可能存在更好的胚胎-子宫内膜同步性[6],这种同步性能够大大提升胚胎植入率、妊娠率和活产率[7]。并且,进一步来看囊胚质量与妊娠结局的关联并非单一维度,有研究表明:较高的整倍体囊胚质量与最佳妊娠结局的相关性最强[8]。因此,建立严格的评价标准以选择表现出最佳发育潜力的囊胚对于胚胎移植最终结局来讲至关重要[9]。
本文通过“NCBI、Web of science”等网站对现有的囊胚质量评价方法进行大量文献检索,并分析总结囊胚期质量评价方法的相关原理以及各自的优势、缺陷和使用效果,确定影响囊胚质量的因素,了解目前囊胚质量评价方法在畜牧生产上及生物医学方面的应用现状与前景,为进一步优化囊胚期质量鉴定技术、提高家畜繁殖效率和胚胎质量提供理论参考和技术指导。
目前,在动物繁殖领域,有大量研究表明囊胚的形态学与妊娠率密切相关[10],形态学评估已经成为未来胚胎发育和植入潜力的良好预测工具,主要依据囊胚的外部形态特征进行评估。为规范评估标准,已经针对胚胎不同发育阶段提出了各种分级系统来评估胚胎的质量水平[11]。囊胚分级通常围绕3个核心参数来展开,这也是形态学评分的重点评价内容:囊胚腔扩大,ICM特征,TE特征。具体来看,囊胚腔形成以及ICM和TE细胞的分化是形态学评分重点评价的内容之一,能够为形态学评估提供综合评分[12]。内细胞团(inner cell mass,ICM)被认为是评价囊胚质量的关键指标[10],同时,也有研究证实滋养外胚(nourish the ectoderm,TE)分级与单囊胚移植的植入率和活产率密切相关[13]。在实际生产中,通过定期显微镜观察可以对胚胎进行体外发育状况作出评估。这种评估方法的核心价值在于:可以通过筛选得到具有最高着床潜力的胚胎进行移植,可以在不影响妊娠率的情况下减少移植的胚胎数量。
使用Gardner评分系统评估囊胚形态学参数,包括囊胚分期、ICM分级和TE分级[14]。简而言之,根据囊胚腔体积、囊胚扩张程度和孵化状态将囊胚阶段分为第1至第6阶段:1)囊胚早期,囊胚腔液填充的腔不到腔的一半,细胞类型无法区分;2)囊胚,其中囊胚腔液填充了超过一半的腔,并有ICM和TE的可视化;3)完整的囊胚,囊胚腔完全充满胚胎;4)囊胚扩大,囊胚腔体积大于早期胚胎,透明带变薄;5)孵化成囊胚后,滋养外胚层开始通过透明带逸出;6)孵化的囊胚,囊胚已完全从带中逸出;对于分级为3~6级的囊胚(即完整的囊胚开始),可以评估ICM和TE发育。ICM和TE的等级评分为“A、B或C”三个等级。ICM分级定义为A级:许多细胞,紧密堆积。B级:几个细胞,松散分组。C级:细胞很少。TE分级定义为A级:细胞密集,形成一个内聚层。B级:少量细胞,形成松散的上皮。C级:极少数细胞形成松散的上皮。以C级为参考,ICM和TE评级A和B被视为较高等级。
在世界上绝大多数IVF实验室中,胚胎选择在很大程度上仍然基于形态学评估[15],传统的形态学评估作为一种无创评估技术,其优点是快速、方便,但预测价值适中[16]。然而,胚胎学家在形态学存在较大的主观性,会影响移植的最佳胚胎选择[17]。并且,人们普遍认为,胚胎形态和着床潜力之间的相关性相对较弱[18]。即使形态完美的胚胎也不能保证较高的妊娠率。这可能是因为形态正常的胚胎仍然可能带有遗传或表观遗传缺陷[19]。形态学评估可以作为最基础的胚胎评价手段与其他新兴胚胎质量评价技术联合应用于胚胎评估,达到互相验证的作用,以提高囊胚期质量评价的准确性。
代谢组学是一种定量和非侵入性技术,已成为测量细胞、组织、体液和培养基中存在的代谢物的一种很有前途的工具。在培养基相同的前提条件下,通过量化配子和胚胎在培养过程中分泌的代谢物,可以深入了解胚胎活力,并有助于识别可能改善ART治疗结果的胚胎生物标志物[20⁃21]。特定代谢物的代谢概况可以用胚胎消耗/吸收或释放的能量的数量来衡量。对胚胎微环境(即用过的培养基)的评估可以合理准确地描述上述单个代谢物或整个代谢组的测量值[22⁃23]。过程通常包括两个步骤:使用色谱法分离,然后使用MS进行检测。
在检测指标方面,多种代谢物被视为评估囊胚质量的关键指标(表1)。
综上所述,利用葡萄糖代谢、氨基酸代谢、脂质代谢以及糖酵解速率等作为生物标记物预测囊胚活力、评估胚胎成功植入的潜力能够用来评价囊胚的质量和提高胚胎植入的成功率。
形态学评估、形态动力学分析目前还存在一定的局限性,很难用于预测囊胚移植的成功率,这使得代谢组学成为一个重要的补充[29]来进行临床应用。然而目前有一些研究表明,代谢组学并不能证明其可以改善ART结局(无临床显著性)[30]。这可能是由于当前研究中不同代谢组学生物标记物的测量存在异质性,以及它所评估的人群与环境之间有很大差异性,尤其是用到的技术参数、用药或方案都有差别等导致有关代谢组学在ART方面的机制还有待研究。
延时监测技术是将现代光学系统引入传统胚胎培养模式,利用延时摄影技术定期曝光和捕捉胚胎发育的图像,提供胚胎发育过程中连续动态的变化过程,为胚胎发育提供稳定的外部环境和可追溯的数据[31],可直观、客观地观察胚胎发育过程并准确地记录胚胎发育时间参数,从而有效地评估胚胎质量,提高最终临床妊娠率和活产率。比传统胚胎的形态学评价效果更好,已广泛用于牛胚胎生产[32]。
Liu等[33]通过使用延时成像系统,连续监测卵母细胞分裂到2、3和4卵裂球、桑葚形成、压实的桑葚胚形成、早期囊胚、扩增囊胚和孵化囊胚形成的时间等形态动力学参数,形态动力学参数较高的胚胎即发育潜力较高的胚胎。Bodri等[34]已经将延时监测系统应用于囊胚监测研究。并证实在囊胚阶段,IVF和ICSI受精胚胎之间会出现真正的时间差异。Mallol等[35]研究表明,延时技术通过监测卵母细胞到胚胎各个阶段的发育速度的快慢,能够选择具有更高发育潜力的SCNT胚胎,并有助于提高克隆结果。Yaacobi-Artzi等[36]研究发现,借助延时系统可观察到卵母细胞发育能力的季节性变化,且这种变化与发育中胚胎的形态动力学改变存在关联。Magata等[37]使用延时摄影连续监测IVP胚胎的初始细胞分裂模式和形态动力学参数,检测到第一次卵裂期间的畸形和整个发育期间的胚胎生长延迟,表明这可能因此损害发育到囊胚阶段的胚胎的活力。Harada等[38]的研究结果表明,延时监测是评估PNd(雄性和雌性原核消失的时间)和预测精子染色体完整性的2细胞阶段时间的有用工具。Park等[39]使用TLS(延时系统)监测体外压实过程,揭示了压缩与囊胚质量之间的正相关及其与胚胎倍性的关系,表明在选择囊胚进行转移或冷冻保存之前,应优先考虑压实评估。
总而言之,延迟监测技术也是一种无创性监测方式,能直接观察胚胎发育过程,清晰记录胚胎发育时间参数,与Gardner评分系统相结合,可更直接有效判断囊胚质量,且将来很有可能作为囊胚评价的一种关键分析方法及提升囊胚植入成功率的关键手段。
延时显微镜(TLM)能即时跟踪和记录胚胎发育,并可通过图像引导胚胎学家发现并评估胚胎植入前发育过程中瞬时的形态特征及特异性的动态事件[40]。而延时系统(TLS)可用于安全稳定的长期监测胚胎发育,补充利用胚胎发育期的信息。TLS有利于胚胎学家理解胚胎发育过程中的动态变化[41]。
在实验室检测囊胚质量时,使用TLM技术是有效但费用较高的方式[41]。延时技术的连续记录提供了大量的数据,而现有算法只使用了其中很少的数据。当前的算法基于在特定时间进行的注释,主要是与传统手动评估相同的几个传统时间点[42⁃43],致使延时监测技术所提供许多数据并未得到充分利用。
植入前基因检测(PGT)被定义为分析卵母细胞(极体)或胚胎(卵裂期或囊胚)的DNA以进行HLA分型或确定遗传异常而进行的测试[44]。PGT可以用于识别异常胚胎,以便选择正常的胚胎进行移植[45]。在目前的实践中,活检包括受精后5~7天从已达到囊胚阶段的胚胎的滋养外胚层中取出一些细胞[46]。PGT包括非整倍体PGT(PGT-A)、单基因/单基因疾病(PGT-M)和染色体结构重排PGT(PGT-SR)3个亚类别[47]。非整倍体植入前基因检测(PGT-A)是基于整倍体的胚胎选择的决定性工具[48]。PGT-M可以对植入前胚胎的单细胞进行活检和基因检测[49],单基因疾病的植入前基因检测(PGT-M)现在被广泛用作预防各种单基因或染色体疾病的有效策略。PGT-SR对往复易位夫妇的主要目标是避免妊娠时出现易位的染色体不平衡产物,并降低流产风险,至少达到正常核型夫妇的预期风险[50]。目前,PGT技术在囊胚期胚胎质量评价方面已经得到了广泛应用。
在运用PGT技术方面,有研究表明与卵裂期活检相比,对第5~7天对囊胚外层进行滋养外胚层活检可提高着床潜力[51]。Simopoulou等[52]研究表明,对35岁以上女性囊胚期胚胎实施胚胎植入前非整倍体检测(PGT-A),可显著提高活产率。Yang等[53]研究表明,TAGs-seq PGT-A/M技术能够同时检测胚胎中的基因组失衡情况与单基因疾病风险。
PGT 在胚胎放入子宫之前识别胚胎中的遗传异常和染色体异常,不仅能够评估囊胚后续发育能力,而且还能有效降低某些遗传疾病传给后代的可能性[54]。胚胎活检是PGT的一部分,是一种侵入性手术,能够对发育中的囊胚进行无创评估。其中,PGT-M和PGT-SR能够作为基因疾病筛查方法[55]。通过准确评估个体遗传状态、确定遗传风险和检测潜在后代遗传异常的能力,从基因层面筛除有遗传缺陷以及携带致病基因的胚胎[56]。然而,PGT-A本质上是有限的,因为它不能(也可能永远不会)以100%的准确率反映整个胚胎的染色体状态,并且不能完美地预测胚胎移植成功率[57]。而且,PGT并不总是精确的,可能导致假阳性或假阴性[54]。
人工智能(AI)是计算机科学的一个领域,涉及智能行为的模拟以及机器模仿通常与人类相关的认知思维、学习和解决问题的能力。AI擅长识别图像中的复杂模式,并从接收到的输入信息中生成定量数据[58]。ART目前正在进入一个令人兴奋的新时代,融合了AI、信息学、机器人技术、基因组学,还有个性化医疗,生殖和胚胎学家们对这项技术的兴趣日益增长[59]。近年来,人工智能(AI)已被广泛用于通过从胚胎显微镜图像中提取相关信息来改进自动化胚胎排序和选择程序。用于胚胎评估的现代AI技术有可能自动化和改进当前的手动和主观选择性能。这将改善临床工作流程,减少人工评估所花费的时间,甚至可能缩短怀孕时间[60]。
近10年前就有研究者发表了一项早期研究,试图通过引入一种计算机化方法通过图像分析对囊胚进行分级来实现这一目标。在此研究中,通过图像分割、特征提取和囊胚分类对囊胚进行分级。作者得出结论,使用SVM有助于囊胚分类[61]。Jin等[62]使用人工智能分析TLM视频,发现囊胚完全形成后,囊胚多次塌陷是非整倍体的独立危险因素。Miyagi等[63]证明了双AI系统在使用常规胚胎评估信息处理3D数据时预测囊胚植入的有用性。该系统在临床实践中可能是一个可行的选择。囊胚腔塌陷即表明囊胚发育阻滞,尤其是在发生多个事件的情况下。TLM和AI的使用能够以前所未有的分析吞吐量和准确性自动检测所有囊胚发育阻滞事件[64]。Diakiw等[65]研究表明,AI模型可以很好地推广到不同的患者人口统计数据,也可用于评估第6天的胚胎和使用多个延时系统拍摄的图像。结果表明,AI模型有可能用于根据嵌合体的水平来区分嵌合胚胎。在迄今为止关于人工智能和胚胎选择的最大规模的研究之一中,纽约康奈尔大学的团队研究了10 000多个人类胚胎和50 000张延时图像[66]。他们推出了名为“STORK”的AI模型,该模型旨在以可重复的方式预测囊胚质量并减少观察者的变异性。Sun等[67]的研究中引入了一个通用的人工智能平台,用于在整个IVF周期中进行胚胎评估和活产发生预测。该平台集成了用于胚胎形态分级、囊胚形成、非整倍体和活产预测的模块,能够最大限度地提高IVF成功率。
众所周知,对图像或标本进行分级或评分的可重复性在观察者之间甚至在同一观察者内部都存在差异。这可能是由于各种因素造成的,例如疲劳、工作量、工作环境和其他众多变量。AI的主要好处在于其能够减少甚至完全消除医护人员之间、观察者之间和观察者内部的变异性[68]。近年来,人工智能的惊人增长得益于医疗保健中收集的信息和数据量的同步增加,包括各种“组学”和成像信息等[69],如果没有AI,存储、处理和分析大量数据的能力就会受到限制。因此,大数据和AI的结合有可能以前所未有的方式解锁和利用数据。但目前对于人工智能在囊胚期胚胎质量评价方面的研究相对较少,未能使得人工智能技术在胚胎质量评估方面得到充分应用。
本综述围绕囊胚期胚胎质量评价方法展开了系统地论述,不但对当前最具潜力的评价方法进行了梳理,而且还通过深入对比传统形态学评估与现代评价技术之间的差异,详细介绍了囊胚期质量评价方法的相关原理以及各自的优势、缺陷和使用效果,确定了影响囊胚质量的因素,分析了目前其在畜牧生产上及生物医学方面的应用现状与前景,为进一步优化囊胚期质量鉴定技术、提高家畜繁殖效率和胚胎质量提供了理论参考和技术指导。对于未来研究,可从以下方向推进。
在形态学评估方法中,可引入人工智能技术,通过构建大规模囊胚图像库、训练深度学习模型,实现形态学特征的自动识别与分析,以此减少人为主观因素干扰,提升判定的精准度和客观性。对于代谢组学分析技术而言,需进一步优化检测方法与分析算法,提高其精准度和灵敏度,从而挖掘更多与囊胚质量相关的潜在因素及关联信息。
下一步研究可以从传统形态学评价与新兴方法结合入手,通过相互校验提升评价准确性。但必须明确的是,当前质量评价技术仍需以传统形态学评价为基础,在其框架上进行优化与修正,而非完全脱离传统方法另起炉灶。这种在继承中创新的路径才能更稳妥地推动囊胚期胚胎质量评价技术的进步。
  • 重庆市人民政府与中国农业科学院战略合作资助项目(重庆地方猪胚胎冷冻保存技术研究与猪育种新材料创制,23310)
  • 国家重点研发计划政府间重点专项(2022YFE0100200)
  • 国家自然科学基金国际合作项目(32161143032)
  • 农业农村部和财政部资助:现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-36-16)
  • 国家家养动物种质资源库
  • 中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS06)
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2026年第57卷第1期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.003
  • 接收时间:2025-05-30
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-01-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-30
基金
重庆市人民政府与中国农业科学院战略合作资助项目(重庆地方猪胚胎冷冻保存技术研究与猪育种新材料创制,23310)
国家重点研发计划政府间重点专项(2022YFE0100200)
国家自然科学基金国际合作项目(32161143032)
农业农村部和财政部资助:现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-36-16)
国家家养动物种质资源库
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS06)
作者信息
    1.中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京 100193
    2.重庆市畜牧科学院,荣昌 402460
    3.山西农业大学动物科学学院,太谷 030801

通讯作者:

赵学明,主要从事家畜胚胎生物技术研究,E-mail:
潘红梅,主要从事家畜胚胎生物技术研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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