Article(id=1307013670588928047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.045, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1753027200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545942207, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1774195200000, pubDateStr=2026-03-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545942207, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545942207, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545942207, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013423896753139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='3', pageStart='1177', pageEnd='1776', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774195200000', pubDateStr='2026-03-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545883392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609930841, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1711, endPage=1721, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013670836391984, articleId=1307013670588928047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Mechanism of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen Alleviated Bovine Mastitis through Network Pharmacology and in vitro Experiments, columnId=1307007468660355587, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=CLINICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in inhibiting LPS-induced bovine mastitis using network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experiments. The core components and potential targets of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were screened through TCMSP, Swiss Target Prediction and Pharm Mapper databases, while bovine mastitis-related targets were obtained from DisGeNET, OMIM and GeneCards databases. Venny, STRING database and Cytoscape 3.8.0 software were used for topological analysis to construct compound-target and disease-target interaction networks. Hub targets for treating bovine mastitis were screened and subjected to GO functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular docking and visualization were performed between hub targets and active components using AutoDock. An LPS-induced inflammatory model was established in bMECs, with CCK-8 assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot and ELISA used to analyze the effects of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen on inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and hub targets at mRNA and protein levels. Results showed that: 9 bioactive components of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen and 235 potential therapeutic targets for bovine mastitis were identified; PPI analysis revealed 4 hub targets: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA); GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated predominant involvement in biological processes including positive regulation of cytosolic ion concentration, receptor complex formation, and steroid binding, with significant associations to pathways such as central carbon metabolism in cancer, endocrine resistance, insulin resistance, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance; Molecular docking demonstrated high binding affinity between ESR1 and the key components of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, betulinic acid and daucosterol. In vitro experiments confirmed that Ziziphi Spinosae Semen bioactive components significantly suppressed the LPS-induced upregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and ESR1、PI3KCA、PPARG mRNA and ESR1 protein levels in bMECs. In conclusion, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen exerts therapeutic effects against bovine mastitis primarily through bioactive components like betulinic acid by modulating key targets including ESR1. This study provides a scientific foundation for developing Ziziphi Spinosae Semen based therapeutic strategies for bovine mastitis intervention.

, authors=Tian WANG1, 2, Maolin XU1, Zimeng ZHU1, Xian DENG1, Bo HAN1, authorsList=Tian WANG, Maolin XU, Zimeng ZHU, Xian DENG, Bo HAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bo HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
HAN Bo, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307013674217001025, articleId=1307013670588928047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=CN, title=基于网络药理学与体外试验研究酸枣仁缓解奶牛乳房炎的机制, columnId=1307007468815544837, journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, columnName=临床兽医, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究基于网络药理学、分子对接和体外试验,开展酸枣仁抑制脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导奶牛乳房炎的机制。通过TCMSP和Swiss Target Prediction Pharm Mapper筛选酸枣仁核心成分和潜在靶点,结合DisGeNET、OMIM和GeneCards等数据库检索获得奶牛乳房炎相关靶点;利用Venny、STRING数据库和Cytoscape 3.8.0软件进行拓扑分析,构建药物靶点和疾病靶点互作网络图,筛选治疗奶牛乳房炎核心靶点,再对核心靶点进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析,采用AutoDock对核心靶点和活性成分进行分子对接和可视化分析。构建LPS诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(bMECs)炎症模型,CCK-8、qRT-PCR、Western blot、ELISA分析酸枣仁对bMECs炎症因子(IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α)和核心靶点mRNA及蛋白表达的影响。结果表明:筛选出酸枣仁有效活性成分9个,治疗奶牛乳房炎潜在靶点235个。PPI网络图获得表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、雌激素受体1(ESR1)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARG)和磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸3-激酶催化亚基α受体(PIK3CA)核心靶点4个。GO和KEGG富集分析显示,主要参与细胞质钙信号系统上调,受体复合和类固醇结合等生物过程,涉及肿瘤中的中心碳代谢、内分泌耐药、胰岛素耐药及表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药等信号通路。分子对接显示,酸枣仁核心成分白桦脂酸和胡萝卜苷与ESR1有较好的结合性。体外试验结果显示,酸枣仁醇提物可显著抑制LPS诱导bMECs的IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和ESR1、PI3KCA、PPARG mRNA及ESR1蛋白表达。综上所述,酸枣仁可通过白桦脂酸等活性成分调控核心靶点ESR1等发挥治疗奶牛乳房炎的作用。

, authors=王甜1, 2, 徐茂林1, 朱梓萌1, 邓娴1, 韩博1, authorsList=王甜, 徐茂林, 朱梓萌, 邓娴, 韩博, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=韩博, authorNote=

王甜,博士生,主要从事兽医内科学与诊断学相关研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
韩博,主要从事临床兽医学研究,E-mail:
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DOI:10.3390/ijms22136871, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307281716335375170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, awardId=32172928, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(32172928), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281709213446916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281709221835525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, companyId=1307281709213446916, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281709230224134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, companyId=1307281709213446916, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国农业大学动物医学院,北京 100193)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307281709309915911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281709318304520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, companyId=1307281709309915911, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Animal Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281709330887433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, companyId=1307281709309915911, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院,阿拉尔 843300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307281713072206638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Venn diagram of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen and bovine mastitis (A)and drug-component-target network diagram (B), figureFileSmall=EWu2DTQwghvd8knK5qFDdw==, figureFileBig=kdGzLdiFH+fb63lrvtEH5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281713160287023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=CN, label=图1, caption=酸枣仁与奶牛乳房炎交集靶点Venn图(A)及药物-成分-靶点网络图(B), figureFileSmall=EWu2DTQwghvd8knK5qFDdw==, figureFileBig=kdGzLdiFH+fb63lrvtEH5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281713252561712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=GO enrichment (A) and KEGG pathway enrichment (B) enalysis of key targets involved in the anti-bovine mastitis effect of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, figureFileSmall=s4g0krViJaZ/Kl6T6qnx5A==, figureFileBig=HnPsVZHDfJuSxByz0pENRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281713365807921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=CN, label=图2, caption=酸枣仁抗奶牛乳房炎的相关靶点GO富集(A)及KEGG富集(B)分析, figureFileSmall=s4g0krViJaZ/Kl6T6qnx5A==, figureFileBig=HnPsVZHDfJuSxByz0pENRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281713437111090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=PPI network of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, figureFileSmall=rUCgCO2qBzidORcg2UE9tg==, figureFileBig=xHcR6KyEEBE0XdQcKa4gIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281713504219955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=CN, label=图3, caption=酸枣仁核心靶点的PPI网络图, figureFileSmall=rUCgCO2qBzidORcg2UE9tg==, figureFileBig=xHcR6KyEEBE0XdQcKa4gIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281713575523124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Docking results of compounds with targets

A. Betulinic acid-ESR1; B. Daucosterol-ESR1

, figureFileSmall=CkKpQkpuQdNitxgPps1ZVw==, figureFileBig=lsSxQ1AUu96bp4mmsWMuCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281713646826293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=CN, label=图4, caption=分子与靶点对接

A.白桦脂酸-ESR1;B.胡萝卜苷-ESR1

, figureFileSmall=CkKpQkpuQdNitxgPps1ZVw==, figureFileBig=lsSxQ1AUu96bp4mmsWMuCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281713747489590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of ethanol extract of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen on the viability of bMECs

The data is represented as “x±s”, n=3. Compared with control group, ##. P<0.01, ###. P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=YcyvPJOYSMClql365Zzqlw==, figureFileBig=0leiJfYS6xF+xVAdZlYFHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281713827181367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=CN, label=图5, caption=酸枣仁醇提物对bMECs细胞活力的影响

数据为“x±s”,n=3。与对照组相比,##. P<0.01,###. P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=YcyvPJOYSMClql365Zzqlw==, figureFileBig=0leiJfYS6xF+xVAdZlYFHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281713902678840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of ethanol extract of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen on inflammatory cytokines and core targets mRNA transcription in bMECs

The data is represented as “x±s”, n=3. Compared with blank control group, #. P<0.05,##. P<0.01, ###. P<0.001;Compared with model group (LPS), ***. P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=xPTj4R7Xvjc9leez0PGn9g==, figureFileBig=ouYzI4vj6p02qjgEhfKsbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281713965593401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=CN, label=图6, caption=酸枣仁醇提物对bMECs炎性因子和核心靶点mRNA转录的影响

数据为“x±s”,n=3。与空白对照组相比,#.P<0.05,##.P<0.01,###.P<0.001;与模型组(LPS)相比,***.P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=xPTj4R7Xvjc9leez0PGn9g==, figureFileBig=ouYzI4vj6p02qjgEhfKsbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281714036896570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of ethanol extract of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen on inflammatory cytokines and ESR1 protein expression in bMECs

The data is represented as “x±s”, n=3. Compared with blank control group, ###. P<0.001;Compared with model group (LPS), *. P<0.05, **.P<0.01, ***. P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=9AVn7NNLMd5t9WL1WoEXMA==, figureFileBig=SaVT7rByvWz6R4Wd56BMyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281714108199739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=CN, label=图7, caption=酸枣仁醇提物对bMECs炎性因子和ESR1蛋白表达的影响

数据为“x±s”,n=3。与空白对照组相比,###P<0.001;与模型组(LPS)相比,*.P<0.05,**.P < 0.01,***.P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=9AVn7NNLMd5t9WL1WoEXMA==, figureFileBig=SaVT7rByvWz6R4Wd56BMyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281714204668732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequence design of qRT-PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因 Gene引物序列(5′→3′) Primer sequence
IL-1βF: ATGACTTCCAAGCTGGCTGTTG
R: TTGATAAATTTGGGGTGGAAAG
IL-6F: CACTCCATTCGCTGTCT
R: GTGTCTCCTTGCTGCTT
TNF-αF: ATGTGTGTGGAGAGCGTCAA
R: GGGCCATACAGCTCCACAAA
ESR1F: ACTGTCTCAGCCCTTGACTTC
R: CTCGTTGGCTTGGATCTGGT
PI3KCAF: CACCAGAACTGCCAAAGCAC
R: AGCCATTCATTCCACCTGGG
PPARGF: AAGAGCTGACCCGATGGTTG
R: GGTTCACAAAGCCGGGGATA
EGFRF: GGGAGCTACCCTCTCAAGGA
R: GGGGCTGGAAGTTTATGGCT
GAPDHF: TCACCAACTGGGACGACA
R: GCATACAGGGACAGCACA
), ArticleFig(id=1307281714288554813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

qRT-PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因 Gene引物序列(5′→3′) Primer sequence
IL-1βF: ATGACTTCCAAGCTGGCTGTTG
R: TTGATAAATTTGGGGTGGAAAG
IL-6F: CACTCCATTCGCTGTCT
R: GTGTCTCCTTGCTGCTT
TNF-αF: ATGTGTGTGGAGAGCGTCAA
R: GGGCCATACAGCTCCACAAA
ESR1F: ACTGTCTCAGCCCTTGACTTC
R: CTCGTTGGCTTGGATCTGGT
PI3KCAF: CACCAGAACTGCCAAAGCAC
R: AGCCATTCATTCCACCTGGG
PPARGF: AAGAGCTGACCCGATGGTTG
R: GGTTCACAAAGCCGGGGATA
EGFRF: GGGAGCTACCCTCTCAAGGA
R: GGGGCTGGAAGTTTATGGCT
GAPDHF: TCACCAACTGGGACGACA
R: GCATACAGGGACAGCACA
), ArticleFig(id=1307281714376635198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The active components of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Mol编号

Mol ID

化合物 Compound

口服生物利用度/%

Oral bioavailability (OB)

类药性Drug-likeness (DL)
MOL001521美洲茶酸 Ceanothic acid33.410.77
MOL001522(S)-樟叶木防己碱 (S)-Coclaurine42.350.24
MOL001525胡萝卜苷 Daucosterol36.910.75
MOL001527酸枣仁皂苷A Jujuboside A34.960.62
MOL001532植物甾醇 Phytosterol36.910.75
MOL001539酸枣仁环肽 Sanjoinenine67.280.79
MOL001542异荭草素 Swertisin31.830.75
MOL001546酸枣仁宁碱 Zizyphusine41.530.55
MOL000211白桦脂酸 Betulinic acid55.380.78
), ArticleFig(id=1307281715995636543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

酸枣仁的活性成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Mol编号

Mol ID

化合物 Compound

口服生物利用度/%

Oral bioavailability (OB)

类药性Drug-likeness (DL)
MOL001521美洲茶酸 Ceanothic acid33.410.77
MOL001522(S)-樟叶木防己碱 (S)-Coclaurine42.350.24
MOL001525胡萝卜苷 Daucosterol36.910.75
MOL001527酸枣仁皂苷A Jujuboside A34.960.62
MOL001532植物甾醇 Phytosterol36.910.75
MOL001539酸枣仁环肽 Sanjoinenine67.280.79
MOL001542异荭草素 Swertisin31.830.75
MOL001546酸枣仁宁碱 Zizyphusine41.530.55
MOL000211白桦脂酸 Betulinic acid55.380.78
), ArticleFig(id=1307281716066939712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Molecular docking of compounds and core targets (Binding energy)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

核心靶点

Core target

酸枣仁环肽

Sanjoinenine

白桦脂酸

Betulinic acid

美洲茶酸

Ceanothic acid

胡萝卜苷

Daucosterol

EGFR-22.59-33.35-34.35-34.48
ESR1-27.95-36.69-31.51-36.57
PPARG-26.02-24.98-25.65-34.18
PIK3CA-28.24-32.30-25.56-30.71
), ArticleFig(id=1307281716167603009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013670588928047, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

分子与核心靶点的分子对接(结合能) (kJ·mol-1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

核心靶点

Core target

酸枣仁环肽

Sanjoinenine

白桦脂酸

Betulinic acid

美洲茶酸

Ceanothic acid

胡萝卜苷

Daucosterol

EGFR-22.59-33.35-34.35-34.48
ESR1-27.95-36.69-31.51-36.57
PPARG-26.02-24.98-25.65-34.18
PIK3CA-28.24-32.30-25.56-30.71
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基于网络药理学与体外试验研究酸枣仁缓解奶牛乳房炎的机制
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王甜 1, 2 , 徐茂林 1 , 朱梓萌 1 , 邓娴 1 , 韩博 1
畜牧兽医学报 | 临床兽医 2026,57(3): 1711-1721
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畜牧兽医学报 |临床兽医 2026 , 57 (3) : 1711 -1721
基于网络药理学与体外试验研究酸枣仁缓解奶牛乳房炎的机制
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王甜1, 2 , 徐茂林1, 朱梓萌1, 邓娴1, 韩博1
作者信息
  • 1.中国农业大学动物医学院,北京 100193
  • 2.塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院,阿拉尔 843300
通讯作者:
韩博,主要从事临床兽医学研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

王甜,博士生,主要从事兽医内科学与诊断学相关研究,E-mail:

Mechanism of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen Alleviated Bovine Mastitis through Network Pharmacology and in vitro Experiments
Tian WANG1, 2 , Maolin XU1, Zimeng ZHU1, Xian DENG1, Bo HAN1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China
  • 2.College of Animal Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    HAN Bo, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.045
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本研究基于网络药理学、分子对接和体外试验,开展酸枣仁抑制脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导奶牛乳房炎的机制。通过TCMSP和Swiss Target Prediction Pharm Mapper筛选酸枣仁核心成分和潜在靶点,结合DisGeNET、OMIM和GeneCards等数据库检索获得奶牛乳房炎相关靶点;利用Venny、STRING数据库和Cytoscape 3.8.0软件进行拓扑分析,构建药物靶点和疾病靶点互作网络图,筛选治疗奶牛乳房炎核心靶点,再对核心靶点进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析,采用AutoDock对核心靶点和活性成分进行分子对接和可视化分析。构建LPS诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(bMECs)炎症模型,CCK-8、qRT-PCR、Western blot、ELISA分析酸枣仁对bMECs炎症因子(IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α)和核心靶点mRNA及蛋白表达的影响。结果表明:筛选出酸枣仁有效活性成分9个,治疗奶牛乳房炎潜在靶点235个。PPI网络图获得表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、雌激素受体1(ESR1)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARG)和磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸3-激酶催化亚基α受体(PIK3CA)核心靶点4个。GO和KEGG富集分析显示,主要参与细胞质钙信号系统上调,受体复合和类固醇结合等生物过程,涉及肿瘤中的中心碳代谢、内分泌耐药、胰岛素耐药及表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药等信号通路。分子对接显示,酸枣仁核心成分白桦脂酸和胡萝卜苷与ESR1有较好的结合性。体外试验结果显示,酸枣仁醇提物可显著抑制LPS诱导bMECs的IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和ESR1、PI3KCA、PPARG mRNA及ESR1蛋白表达。综上所述,酸枣仁可通过白桦脂酸等活性成分调控核心靶点ESR1等发挥治疗奶牛乳房炎的作用。

奶牛乳房炎  /  酸枣仁网络药理学  /  白桦脂酸分子对接  /  奶牛乳腺上皮细胞  /  炎性因子

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in inhibiting LPS-induced bovine mastitis using network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experiments. The core components and potential targets of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were screened through TCMSP, Swiss Target Prediction and Pharm Mapper databases, while bovine mastitis-related targets were obtained from DisGeNET, OMIM and GeneCards databases. Venny, STRING database and Cytoscape 3.8.0 software were used for topological analysis to construct compound-target and disease-target interaction networks. Hub targets for treating bovine mastitis were screened and subjected to GO functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular docking and visualization were performed between hub targets and active components using AutoDock. An LPS-induced inflammatory model was established in bMECs, with CCK-8 assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot and ELISA used to analyze the effects of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen on inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and hub targets at mRNA and protein levels. Results showed that: 9 bioactive components of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen and 235 potential therapeutic targets for bovine mastitis were identified; PPI analysis revealed 4 hub targets: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA); GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated predominant involvement in biological processes including positive regulation of cytosolic ion concentration, receptor complex formation, and steroid binding, with significant associations to pathways such as central carbon metabolism in cancer, endocrine resistance, insulin resistance, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance; Molecular docking demonstrated high binding affinity between ESR1 and the key components of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, betulinic acid and daucosterol. In vitro experiments confirmed that Ziziphi Spinosae Semen bioactive components significantly suppressed the LPS-induced upregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and ESR1、PI3KCA、PPARG mRNA and ESR1 protein levels in bMECs. In conclusion, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen exerts therapeutic effects against bovine mastitis primarily through bioactive components like betulinic acid by modulating key targets including ESR1. This study provides a scientific foundation for developing Ziziphi Spinosae Semen based therapeutic strategies for bovine mastitis intervention.

bovine mastitis  /  Ziziphi Spinosae Semen network pharmacology  /  molecular docking  /  bovine mammary epithelial cells  /  inflammation factors
王甜, 徐茂林, 朱梓萌, 邓娴, 韩博. 基于网络药理学与体外试验研究酸枣仁缓解奶牛乳房炎的机制. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1711 -1721 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.045
Tian WANG, Maolin XU, Zimeng ZHU, Xian DENG, Bo HAN. Mechanism of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen Alleviated Bovine Mastitis through Network Pharmacology and in vitro Experiments[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1711 -1721 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.045
奶牛乳房炎(乳腺炎)是严重危害奶牛养殖业的一种疾病[1],是由病原微生物侵入乳腺组织引发局部炎症反应的一种疾病[2]。可导致奶牛产奶量下降、乳品质量降低和治疗成本增加[3]。目前,青霉素类、头孢类和大环内酯类等抗生素仍是治疗奶牛乳房炎的主要方法,但长期使用抗生素会导致细菌耐药性增加、乳制品药物残留、肠道微生态紊乱以及养殖成本上升等不良后果[4]。基于此,中草药、抗菌肽和噬菌体等安全高效的天然替代疗法已成为奶牛乳房炎防控的热点[5]。中药方剂七草乳康粉(金银花、蒲公英、紫花地丁、王不留行、路路通、黄芪和甘草)口服5 d,可显著降低奶牛隐性乳房炎乳样中的体细胞数,还降低血清炎性因子TNF-α和IL-8水平,细菌治愈率达到81.8%[6]。黄芩-红花-蒲公英-金银花提取物对奶牛乳房炎性金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、无乳链球菌和乳房链球菌均有体外抑制作用,可使SD大鼠镇痛率达26.1%,消炎率为12.1%,解热效果高达52.8%[7]。蛇床子素可浓度依赖性地抑制脂磷壁酸诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎性因子释放[8]。但是,这些中草药存在生物利用度低和靶向递送差等核心问题,使奶牛乳房炎治疗不尽人意。酸枣仁(Ziziphi Spinosae Semen)含有皂苷、黄酮、生物碱和脂肪酸等多种活性成分,具有靶向抗炎、镇静和抗氧化等作用[9]。可激活AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α信号通路,减少细胞凋亡[10],改善心肌损伤[11]。借助过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体α(PPARα)的激活来抑制炎症反应和氧化应激[12]。但其在奶牛乳房炎防治中的作用尚不明确。因此,本研究通过网络药理学筛选酸枣仁核心成分,对其治疗奶牛乳房炎的核心靶点进行分子对接验证,通过体外试验证实酸枣仁的治疗作用。旨在阐明酸枣仁缓解奶牛乳房炎的潜在机制,为开发低耐药性和高利用度的中药提供理论基础。
奶牛乳腺上皮细胞bMECs由本实验室保存。DMEM培养基、0.25%胰酶(批号:6124494、2868000,美国Gibco公司),胎牛血清(批号:48102802A,浙江百迪生物科技有限公司),TransZol Up Plus RNA Kit(批号:P51101,北京全氏金生物),HiScript III All-in-one RT SuperMixPerfect for qPCR、Taq Pro Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix(批号:7E139214、7E1891B5,南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司),无酶无菌水、CCK-8试剂盒、脂多糖(批号:20240903、240007003、3231030007,北京索莱宝科技有限公司),ESR1 Estrogen Receptor α Rabbit pAb(批号:T11270940,沈阳万类生物科技有限公司),IL-1 beta Polyclonal antibody、Multi-rAbTM HRP-Goat Anti-Rabbit Recombinant Secondary Antibody (H+L)(批号:16806-1-AP、RGAR001,武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司),牛肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、牛白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、牛白细胞介素6(IL-6)ELISA试剂盒(批号:20250630-N683388L、20250630-N248991L、20250630-N138834D,上海酶联生物科技有限公司)。
二氧化碳培养箱371(赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司);ABI StepOne Plus荧光PCR仪(美国ABI公司);NanoDrop 1000微量分光光度计(赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司);Multiskan FC酶标仪(赛默飞世尔(上海)仪器有限公司)。
通过TCMSP(http://lsp.Nwu.Edu.cn/tcmsp.php)、SwissTarget- Prediction(http://www.swisstargetprediction.ch/)数据库搜索酸枣仁靶点,舍弃重复项,筛选得到关键靶点,即得其对应的靶点基因名称。
从DisGeNET、OMIM、GeneCards等数据库检索相关靶点。纳入金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、乳房链球菌、牛支原体和鲍曼不动杆菌等常见病原体相关靶点检索并搜集有关乳房炎的靶点,对结果汇总后删除重复基因,即得奶牛乳房炎靶基因。
对酸枣仁与乳房炎的靶基因进行交集,得到交集靶点。将上述所得靶点导入STRING(https://cn.string-db.org)数据库,构建酸枣仁与奶牛乳房炎共同靶蛋白的PPI网络图。导出PPI网络图并将结果下载为TSV格式文件,用Cytoscape 3.8.0软件对网络图进行深入分析。
酸枣仁与奶牛乳房炎的交集靶点数据基于R语言的分析功能进行GO功能分析和KEGG通路富集分析。按校正P<0.05为差异有统计学意义的标准进行筛选,并依据P值由小到大排序,分别选取GO分析前10位、KEGG分析前20位的靶点进行绘图。
筛选核心靶点,利用Cytoscape3.9.1软件,进行网络拓扑结构分析,绘制“酸枣仁-奶牛乳房炎靶点-信号通路PPI网络图”。
使用分子对接来评估活性成分与其靶点之间的结合强度。根据在PPI网络中最大团中心性(maximal clique centrality,MCC)算法排名,选择前4位相关靶点和前4个化合物进行分子对接。在Pubchem数据库下载核心化合物三维结构sdf文件。以关键靶点为受体,受体的pdb文件在RCSB数据库中获取。在Autodock中进行对接,统计记录对接分数。
细胞增殖:采用《中国药典》(2020年版)及石宇浩等[13]提及的方法,制备酸枣仁醇提物,提取物用DMSO溶解制备酸枣仁醇提物。复苏液氮中保存的bMECs,加入完全培养基(DMEM+10%胎牛血清),在37 ℃、5% CO2中稳定传代3~5代,调整细胞浓度至5 000·孔-1,在96孔板中培养至贴壁,设置0、6.25、12.5、25、50、100、200、400、800、1 600 μg·mL-1酸枣仁醇提物与bMECs共孵育24 h,每孔加入10 μL CCK-8反应液,37 ℃孵育1 h后,测定450 nm吸光度值,测定细胞增殖。
试验分组:设置溶剂对照组(含细胞和0.01% DMSO的完全培养基);LPS模型组(完全培养基+10 μg·mL-1 LPS处理1 h);酸枣仁提取物低剂量组(完全培养基+提取物50 μg·mL-1处理12 h+10 μg·mL-1 LPS处理1 h);中剂量组(完全培养基+提取物100 μg·mL-1处理12 h+10 μg·mL-1 LPS处理1 h);高剂量组(完全培养基+提取物200 μg·mL-1处理12 h+10 μg·mL-1 LPS处理1 h),每组3个复孔。
细胞炎性因子和核心靶点mRNA表达分析:bMECs接种至24孔板中,培养过夜至细胞贴壁,细胞处理结束后,细胞用PBS漂洗3次,TransZol Up Plus RNA Kit提取各组细胞mRNA,测定RNA浓度和纯度。根据HiScript III All-in-one RT Super- MixPerfect for qPCR操作步骤合成cDNA,Taq Pro Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix检测样品中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α炎性因子和ESR1、PI3KCA、PPARG、EGFR mRNA转录,以GAPDH为内参基因,采用2-ΔΔCt 法计算目标基因相对转录量。
细胞炎性因子和主要靶点蛋白的Western blot检测:RIPA裂解不同处理组细胞,离心后取上清,用BCA试剂盒测定蛋白浓度。SDS-PAGE分离蛋白,转膜至PVDF膜;封闭1 h,一抗ESR1(稀释倍数为1∶500)、IL-1β(稀释倍数为1∶1 000)、GAPDH(稀释倍数为1∶5 000)4 ℃孵育过夜,HRP标记二抗(稀释倍数为1∶5 000)室温1 h,ECL显影,用Image J软件测量灰度值并分析。
细胞分泌炎性因子IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6 ELISA检测:收集不同处理组细胞上清,4 ℃ 3 000 r·min-1离心10 min去除细胞碎片。样本与标准品同时加入预包被板,一抗孵育(37 ℃,1 h),洗涤,酶标二抗孵育(37 ℃,30 min),TMB显色(室温避光15 min)和终止反应,酶标仪测定450 nm吸光度,绘制标准曲线,根据标准曲线计算各组细胞培养上清中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6浓度。
采用SPSS统计分析各组数据,以“平均值±标准差(x±s)”表示,采用单因素方差进行分析(one-way ANOVA),Graphpad Prism软件绘制统计图,P<0.05差异显著。
通过TCMSP和Swiss Target Prediction Pharm Mapper数据库获取酸枣仁化学成分。筛选口服生物利用度(OB)≥30%,类药性(DL)≥0.18的活性成分,包括酸枣仁环肽、白桦脂酸和美洲茶酸等9个有效成分(表2)。
通过GeneCards和OMIM等数据库检索到奶牛乳房炎靶点178个、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌等常见病原菌靶点11 913个,合计靶点12 091个;通过TCMSP和SwissTargetPrediction数据库搜索酸枣仁的药物靶点285个。将酸枣仁靶点和奶牛乳房炎疾病靶点交集得到交集靶点235个(图1A)。利用Cytoscape 3.9.1软件构建酸枣仁成分-奶牛乳房炎靶点-信号通路网络图显示,其中药物成分酸枣仁环肽、白桦脂酸、美洲茶酸和胡萝卜苷等在网络中的Degree值较大,疾病靶点PTGES、HSD11B1、CYP51A1、RORC等的连接边线和相关关联较多(图1B),酸枣仁减轻奶牛乳房炎的作用是多靶点多通路协同作用。
通过GO富集分析,以P<0.05作为标准,共筛选出588个条目,包括352个生物过程基因(BP)、72个细胞组分基因(CC)、164个分子功能基因(MF),选取各模块排名前10条目绘制富集图,包括细胞质钙信号系统上调,受体复合和类固醇结合等生物过程(图2A)。KEGG富集分析得到143条信号通路(P<0.05),结果显示:酸枣仁-奶牛乳房炎的交集靶点基因主要涉及肿瘤中心碳代谢,内分泌耐药,胰岛素耐药,表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药等信号通路(图2B)。
通过Cytoscape 3.8.0软件对STRING数据库中的47个关键靶点进行PPI网络可视化分析(图3)。根据MCC算法得到排名前4的靶点为EGFR、ESR1、PPARG、PIK3CA。
采用AutoDock软件将“酸枣仁药物-成分-奶牛乳房炎靶点图”PPI网络图中筛选出的前4个核心药物成分酸枣仁环肽、白桦脂酸、美洲茶酸、胡萝卜苷及核心靶点EGFR、ESR1、PPARG和PIK3CA进行分子对接验证,得到小分子化合物与大分子蛋白的结合能(见表3),其中白桦脂酸和胡萝卜苷与ESR1的结合能力最好,分别为-36.69和-36.57 kJ·mol-1。
对于结合能小于零,结合能绝对值排名前2位的分子进行可视化展示:白桦脂酸与ESR1的结合位点有6处(图4A),胡萝卜苷与ESR1的结合位点有1处(图4B)。
基于CCK-8测定不同浓度酸枣仁醇提物对bMECs毒性的影响,结果如图7所示。与对照组比较,酸枣仁醇提物浓度≤200 μg·mL-1时,细胞存活率无明显变化;随着酸枣仁醇提物浓度的增加,细胞存活率逐渐降低。因此,后续试验选取50、100、200 μg·mL-1作为低中高浓度分组试验。
如图6所示,与对照组相比,LPS诱导bMECs的试验组细胞炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α 和ESR1、PI3KCA、PPARG的mRNA转录水平均显著上调,添加不同浓度酸枣仁醇提物使上述炎性因子及ESR1、PI3KCA、PPARG的mRNA转录水平均下调,且高浓度组的转录水平显著下调(P<0.01);而与对照组相比,LPS组中bMECs的EGFR无显著变化,添加不同浓度酸枣仁醇提物后,EGFR的mRNA与LPS组无显著差异。结合分子对接中白桦脂酸与ESR1(-36.69 kJ·mol-1)、胡萝卜苷与ESR1(-36.57 kJ·mol-1)、胡萝卜苷与PPARG(-34.18 kJ·mol-1)的高结合活性,说明酸枣仁醇提物对LPS诱导的bMECs炎性因子、ESR1、PI3KCA、PPARG的mRNA转录具有抑制作用,表明酸枣仁通过多靶点协同调控炎症通路。
蛋白表达结果如图7所示,与对照组相比,LPS处理可显著上调IL-1β和ESR1蛋白表达及IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的释放。酸枣仁醇提物可随浓度变化抑制IL-1β和ESR1蛋白表达及IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的释放。
本研究基于TCMSP和SwissTargetPrediction平台获得酸枣仁环肽、白桦脂酸和美洲茶酸等9个活性成分。据报道,白桦脂酸[14]、胡萝卜苷[15]、酸枣仁皂苷A[16]等有抗炎作用。酸枣仁与奶牛乳房炎相关基因交集获得235个交集靶点,提示酸枣仁与奶牛乳房炎存在密切联系。
其中核心靶点主要参与类固醇代谢与炎症等过程,而PPI网络筛选出的EGFR、ESR1、PPARG、PI3KCA作为核心靶点,qPCR结果显示,酸枣仁同时下调ESR1、PPARG、PI3KCA的mRNA转录,表明酸枣仁可能通过多靶点途径缓解奶牛乳房炎:1)酸枣仁可能通过调控EGFR/MAPK信号通路发挥治疗作用。EGFR作为一种受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK),其功能活性主要受磷酸化修饰调控,而非转录水平变化。本研究虽未观察到酸枣仁醇提物对EGFR mRNA表达的显著影响,但网络药理学分析提示,其活性成分与EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药等通路密切相关。已有研究表明,LPS刺激可通过TLR4与EGFR之间的串扰作用,激活MAPK通路,进而促进IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α等炎性因子的表达,诱发细胞炎症损伤[17]。因此推测,酸枣仁中的活性成分可能通过抑制EGFR蛋白的磷酸化过程,阻断其下游MAPK通路的过度激活,从而减轻炎症反应。2)酸枣仁可能通过调控细胞钙离子浓度和自噬途径发挥。PPARG作为过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ,是核受体超家族的重要成员,在代谢调控、细胞分化和免疫炎症反应中起关键作用。研究发现,LPS可抑制PPARG及其下游酶活性,进而影响氧化应激和自噬过程[18]。值得注意的是,奶牛乳房炎早期PPARG基因表达上调[19]。酸枣仁活性成分与钙离子稳态调控和吞噬作用等过程相关,提示其可能通过调控细胞钙离子浓度和自噬途径发挥治疗作用。3)酸枣仁可能通过PI3K-Akt/mTOR通路介导cAMP信号发挥治疗作用。PIK3CA是PI3Kα的催化亚基,在PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路中起重要作用。LPS主要通过激活PI3K-Akt和mTOR信号通路诱导bMECs炎性反应[20]。网络分析显示,酸枣仁活性成分与PI3K/Akt信号通路激活和cAMP信号传导密切相关,提示其可能通过调控PI3K-Akt/mTOR通路介导cAMP信号发挥治疗作用。4)酸枣仁可能通过结合ESR1受体,调控炎性反应。ESR1作为核受体超家族成员,在与雌激素结合后可促进受体二聚化及核转位,进而通过结合DNA上的雌激素应答元件(ERE)调控下游基因转录。Zhang等[21]研究发现,刺芒柄花素可通过ESR1/NLRP3/Caspase-1通路改善LPS通过TLR4受体引起的气道炎症。ERα作为ESR1编码的核受体蛋白,白桦脂酸可上调其mRNA和蛋白表达,促进雌激素释放,缓解线粒体介导的细胞凋亡[22]。雌二醇(E2,50 pg·mL-1,24 h)可增强bMECs对金黄色葡萄球菌的抵抗能力,通过ERα调控先天免疫,抑制金黄色葡萄球菌感染诱导TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6 mRNA高转录[23]。结合本研究中,白桦脂酸和胡萝卜苷与ESR1的较高结合能,提示酸枣仁可能通过竞争性拮抗雌激素受体抑制奶牛乳腺组织的炎性反应。
体外试验发现,在LPS诱导的bMECs中,酸枣仁醇提物能有效抑制TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6炎性因子及ESR1的表达。结合分子对接结果,推测酸枣仁可能结合ESR1配体结合域,调控雌激素通路,抑制LPS诱导的炎性因子表达,发挥抗炎作用。
白桦脂酸、胡萝卜苷、美洲茶酸、酸枣仁环肽均为非水溶性化合物,酸枣仁醇提物采用标准工艺制备,文献已证实其含白桦脂酸、胡萝卜苷、美洲茶酸等活性成分[13, 24]。未来研究将通过色谱技术进一步量化提取物中各成分比例。尽管本研究为单独验证白桦脂酸等单体成分的作用,但分子对接表明其与核心靶点(ESR1)结合力强,且白桦脂酸可抑制NF-κB通路减轻炎症[25],胡萝卜苷可通过P38/NF-κB/NLRP3缓解炎症反应[15]。后期,也将进一步分离各活性成分单体,明确其作用机制。
本研究阐明酸枣仁通过多靶点调控(ESR1/PI3KCA/PPARG)抑制奶牛乳房炎的炎性因子释放,达到从“抗菌”到“宿主免疫代谢重编程”的治疗变化。酸枣仁通过与激素受体结合,为替代抗生素防控奶牛乳房炎的研究提供数据支持。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32172928)
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2026年第57卷第3期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.045
  • 接收时间:2025-07-21
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-03-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-21
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国家自然科学基金项目(32172928)
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    1.中国农业大学动物医学院,北京 100193
    2.塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院,阿拉尔 843300

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韩博,主要从事临床兽医学研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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