Article(id=1307013598677590724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.032, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1757347200000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545925062, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1774195200000, pubDateStr=2026-03-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545925062, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545925062, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545925062, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013423896753139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='3', pageStart='1177', pageEnd='1776', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774195200000', pubDateStr='2026-03-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545883392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609930841, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1559, endPage=1570, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013599046689477, articleId=1307013598677590724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Whole Genomic Sequence and Genetic Evolution Analysis of a Strain of Porcine Getah Virus, columnId=1307007432299930010, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Getah virus (GETV) is an arbovirus that can cause reproductive failure in pregnant sows, neurological symptoms in piglets, and even death in severe cases, posing a threat to the pig industry. This study aimed to analyze the whole genome sequence and evolutionary characteristics of a GETV strain isolated from dead piglets from an infected pig farm. Metatranscriptomic sequencing was conducted to analyze pathogens in brain and lung tissues from dead piglets. Vero CCL81 cells were used to isolate GETV, and the isolated virus was identified through observation of cytopathic effect (CPE), plaque purification, RT-PCR, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and transmission electron microscopy. The full-length genome sequence of the isolate was determined using Sanger sequencing. The results showed that the major pathogen in the tissue samples was characterized as GETV, and the isolated strain was designated as NM2022. Its genome, excluding a poly(A) tail, has a total length of 11 689 nt. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that NM2022 belongs to the evolutionary Group III of GETV, with nucleotide homology ranging from 93.98% to 99.86%, compared to 135 of GETV strains in the GenBank database. The amino acid sequence of the E2 protein of NM2022 is highly conserved with 21 of the GETV strains, including Chinese strains HNzmd-XP2 and JS201809-2 of porcine origin, as well as the strain NMDK1813-1 of mosquito origin, except for a serine-to-alanine mutation at position 380. These findings provide a foundation for further research on the evolutionary patterns and pathogenesis mechanisms of GETV.

, authors=Zhaoying XIANG1, 2, Lei ZHOU1, 2, Xinna GE1, 2, Yongning ZHANG1, 2, Xin GUO1, 2, Peng GAO1, 2, Qiongqiong ZHOU1, 2, Jun HAN1, 2, Hanchun YANG1, 2, authorsList=Zhaoying XIANG, Lei ZHOU, Xinna GE, Yongning ZHANG, Xin GUO, Peng GAO, Qiongqiong ZHOU, Jun HAN, Hanchun YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hanchun YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
YANG Hanchun, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307013603312296658, articleId=1307013598677590724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=CN, title=一株猪源盖塔病毒的全基因组序列与遗传演化分析, columnId=1307007432459313564, journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, columnName=预防兽医, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

盖塔病毒(GETV)是一种虫媒病毒,可导致妊娠母猪繁殖障碍、仔猪神经症状,严重者发生死亡,对养猪生产造成威胁。本研究旨在分析一株从发病猪场死亡仔猪分离的GETV的全基因组序列及其演化特征。采用宏转录组学测序分析死亡仔猪脑和肺组织样本中的病原;用Vero CCL81细胞分离GETV,经细胞病变(CPE)观察、蚀斑纯化、RT-PCR检测、IFA鉴定与透射电镜观察鉴定分离毒株;采用Sanger法测定分离毒株的全基因组序列。结果表明,病料组织中所含致病病原为GETV,分离毒株命名为NM2022;不包含poly(A)尾,其基因组全长为11 689 nt;分离毒株归属于GETV演化分支的三群(Group Ⅲ),与GenBank数据库中的135株GETV的核苷酸相似性为93.98%~99.86%;其E2蛋白氨基酸序列与猪源HNzmd-XP2、JS201809-2毒株及蚊源NMDK1813-1毒株等21株毒株高度保守,仅380位的氨基酸由丝氨酸突变为丙氨酸。研究结果为深入研究GETV的遗传演化规律和致病机制奠定了基础。

, authors=向昭颖1, 2, 周磊1, 2, 盖新娜1, 2, 张永宁1, 2, 郭鑫1, 2, 高鹏1, 2, 周琼琼1, 2, 韩军1, 2, 杨汉春1, 2, authorsList=向昭颖, 周磊, 盖新娜, 张永宁, 郭鑫, 高鹏, 周琼琼, 韩军, 杨汉春, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨汉春, authorNote=

向昭颖,博士生,主要从事动物分子病毒学与免疫学研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨汉春,主要从事猪病毒性疫病的分子病原学与分子流行病学、诊断与防治技术、致病与免疫机制研究,E-mail:
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DOI:10.1038/s41579-021-00536-5, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281624266207386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI N,CAI Q,MIAO Q,et al.High-throughput metagenomics for identification of pathogens in the clinical settings[J].Small Method,2021,5(1):2000792. DOI:10.1002/smtd.202000792, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281624350093467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LAN J,FANG M,DUAN L,et al.Novel porcine Getah virus from diarrheal piglets in Jiangxi province,China:Prevalence,genome sequence,and pathogenicity[J].Animals (Basel),2024,14(20):2980. DOI:10.3390/ani14202980, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281624421396636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHI N,ZHU X,QIU X,et al.Origin,genetic diversity,adaptive evolution and transmission dynamics of Getah virus[J].Transbound Emerg Dis,2022,69(4):e1037-e1050. DOI:10.1111/tbed.14395, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307281621565075573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, awardId=CARS-35, language=CN, fundingSource=国家生猪产业技术体系(CARS-35), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281617676955683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281617685344292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, companyId=1307281617676955683, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety,College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281617693732901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, companyId=1307281617676955683, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国农业大学动物医学院,兽医公共卫生安全全国重点实验室,北京 100193)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307281617756647462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281617765036071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, companyId=1307281617756647462, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281617773424680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, companyId=1307281617756647462, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国农业大学动物医学院,农业农村部动物流行病学重点实验室,北京 100193)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307281620533276775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Relative abundance of viral (left) and bacterial (right) populations in clinical samples, figureFileSmall=5vpx1MVFuqBpQi8fSn2BWQ==, figureFileBig=sYaMIsClqvyt7FpznVwE6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281620591997032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, language=CN, label=图1, caption=临床样本中病毒(左)和细菌(右)种群的相对丰度, figureFileSmall=5vpx1MVFuqBpQi8fSn2BWQ==, figureFileBig=sYaMIsClqvyt7FpznVwE6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281620667494505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Identification of the isolate of GETV

A. Cytopathic effect (CPE) and Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) results of the isolate; B. Results of RT-PCR (M.DL5000 Plus DNA marker;1. The supernatant of the P1 cell culture; 2. The supernatant of the P2 cell culture; 3. The supernatant of the P3 cell culture; 4. The supernatant of the P4 cell culture; 5. The supernatant of the normal cell culture as the negative control); C. The morphology of the GETV virion was observed by transmission electron microscope

, figureFileSmall=nsLWL4RdgD+30Zx+adrssA==, figureFileBig=P9pa8eBnw2oRP3kBDLJ4pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281620730409066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, language=CN, label=图2, caption=GETV分离毒株的鉴定

A.分离毒株的细胞病变及免疫荧光鉴定;B.RT-PCR检测结果 (M. DL5000 Plus DNA相对分子质量标准;1.P1代细胞培养上清;2.P2代细胞培养上清;3.P3代细胞培养上清;4.P4代细胞培养上清;5.正常细胞培养液对照);C.透射电镜观察GETV病毒粒子形态

, figureFileSmall=nsLWL4RdgD+30Zx+adrssA==, figureFileBig=P9pa8eBnw2oRP3kBDLJ4pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281620793323627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The amplified fragments of NM2022 genome by RT-PCR

M. DL5000 Plus DNA marker; 1-13. 13 gene fragments of GETV

, figureFileSmall=bnArlE415LTnkeekaFUUbw==, figureFileBig=TnaikT6Qafr2GE5zG5+Fjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281620847849580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, language=CN, label=图3, caption=GETV NM2022基因组RT-PCR扩增片段

M. DL5000 Plus DNA相对分子质量标准;1~13. GETV基因的13个基因片段

, figureFileSmall=bnArlE415LTnkeekaFUUbw==, figureFileBig=TnaikT6Qafr2GE5zG5+Fjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281620902375533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Phylogenetic analysis based on whole genomic sequence of GETV, figureFileSmall=x7FvRo46v4AHkTJ5BtizMQ==, figureFileBig=TBjwqZiWTsAoguCrfhf9Gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281620982067310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基于全基因组核苷酸序列的GETV演化分析, figureFileSmall=x7FvRo46v4AHkTJ5BtizMQ==, figureFileBig=TBjwqZiWTsAoguCrfhf9Gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281621065953391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Phylogenetic analysis based on the E2 gene of GETV, figureFileSmall=YPcZedCrFusMbUSeInAUAg==, figureFileBig=YB+UHnxg7DUbgCVGwGwbIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281621137256560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于GETV E2基因核苷酸序列的演化分析, figureFileSmall=YPcZedCrFusMbUSeInAUAg==, figureFileBig=YB+UHnxg7DUbgCVGwGwbIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281621195976817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers for whole genomic sequencing of GETV NM2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

引物名称

Primer name

引物序列(5'→3')

Primer sequence

引物所在位置/nt

Primer location

产物大小/bp

Product length

1FATGGCGGACGTGTGACATC1-19494
1RGTCTCGTCAGTATGCAGGC476-494
2FCCGCAAGGAGGTTGATGTCT278-2971 261
2RTCAGTGCGGTCTCCTGAGTA1 519-1 538
3FGGACGAAAAACCCCTAGGCA1 284-1 3031 360
3RCACGATCGCCGTAACAGGTA2 624-2 643
4FGGTGCAAGAAAGGCGTAG2 402-2 4191 286
4RTAGGTCCAAGTCGTACGTGC3 668-3 687
5FTACGCAGCCAGGTTTCCATT3 379-3 3981 249
5RCTAAGCAACTGTCCGGGTGT4 608-4 627
6FGTCCACAGGCACCTTCT4 401-4 4171 398
6RATCTGCATCTTTGCCTGGAG5 779-5 798
7FGAACACCAGGGACCGAGATG5 553-5 5721 322
7RTCGTGATCTCACCAAACGCA6 855-6 874
8FGAGTTAGTCAGGCGGCT6 622-6 6381 277
8RGTCAAGCTTGACCTCGAAG7 880-7 898
9FCAGTGCAGTTTCTGCCCT7 673-7 6901 312
9RCTGGTACGTCGTGCATGG8 967-8 984
10FTACTTCCGGTGTGTGCGC8 771-8 7881 365
10RGGTGATGGCACGACTGTCT10 117-10 135
11FGCCTGAAGAACCTGCTTTGC9 883-9 9021 209
11RTGCATGTCGTTTTGGCACTG11 072-11 091
12FACGCACTCATCGGACTTC10 881-10 898540
12RACTGGCCCTTTGAACTAATG11 401-11 420
13FTAACACTCGCCGCAGTGG11 221-11 238508
13RGGATCCGGTACCTCTAGATCAGA/
3’ RACE adaptorGGATCCGGTACCTCTAGATCAGATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT//
), ArticleFig(id=1307281621258891378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

用于GETV NM2022毒株全基因组测序的引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

引物名称

Primer name

引物序列(5'→3')

Primer sequence

引物所在位置/nt

Primer location

产物大小/bp

Product length

1FATGGCGGACGTGTGACATC1-19494
1RGTCTCGTCAGTATGCAGGC476-494
2FCCGCAAGGAGGTTGATGTCT278-2971 261
2RTCAGTGCGGTCTCCTGAGTA1 519-1 538
3FGGACGAAAAACCCCTAGGCA1 284-1 3031 360
3RCACGATCGCCGTAACAGGTA2 624-2 643
4FGGTGCAAGAAAGGCGTAG2 402-2 4191 286
4RTAGGTCCAAGTCGTACGTGC3 668-3 687
5FTACGCAGCCAGGTTTCCATT3 379-3 3981 249
5RCTAAGCAACTGTCCGGGTGT4 608-4 627
6FGTCCACAGGCACCTTCT4 401-4 4171 398
6RATCTGCATCTTTGCCTGGAG5 779-5 798
7FGAACACCAGGGACCGAGATG5 553-5 5721 322
7RTCGTGATCTCACCAAACGCA6 855-6 874
8FGAGTTAGTCAGGCGGCT6 622-6 6381 277
8RGTCAAGCTTGACCTCGAAG7 880-7 898
9FCAGTGCAGTTTCTGCCCT7 673-7 6901 312
9RCTGGTACGTCGTGCATGG8 967-8 984
10FTACTTCCGGTGTGTGCGC8 771-8 7881 365
10RGGTGATGGCACGACTGTCT10 117-10 135
11FGCCTGAAGAACCTGCTTTGC9 883-9 9021 209
11RTGCATGTCGTTTTGGCACTG11 072-11 091
12FACGCACTCATCGGACTTC10 881-10 898540
12RACTGGCCCTTTGAACTAATG11 401-11 420
13FTAACACTCGCCGCAGTGG11 221-11 238508
13RGGATCCGGTACCTCTAGATCAGA/
3’ RACE adaptorGGATCCGGTACCTCTAGATCAGATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT//
), ArticleFig(id=1307281621326000243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of part of the amino acid differences in the GETV E2 protein

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
毒株 Strain

氨基酸位点

Amino acid site

毒株 Strain

氨基酸位点

Amino acid site

323380323380
PP537546.1 |NM2022EAPV521859.1 |ZJNXES
NC006558.1 |Getah virusDSOK423758.1 |SC202009ES
AY702913.1 |Getah virusDSOP747412.1 |GD2202DS
PX207692.1 |HNxy-24DSMG869691.1 |JL17/08DS
EU015063.1 |YN0540DSPV235474.1 |GETV-WHDS
PV521860.1 |ZJLHDSPQ846026.1 |GETV-AHDS
PQ497974.1 |YN230821DSOM363683.1 |BJ0304DS
PV615460.1 |SD202205DSMZ736795.1 |GX201909DS
PP623164.1 |SD2206DSMZ736799.1 |FJ201807-1DS
MG865966.1 |HNNY-1DSMZ736797.1 |GD201909DS
MG865969.1 |HNPDS-2DSMT210319.1 |JS18DS
MG865968.1 |HNPDS-1DSMK487997.1 |GZ201808DS
MZ736787.1|HuB201905DSKY399029.1 |GETV-V1DS
ON987235.1 |GDQY2022DSMG865965.1 |AH9192DS
MZ736801.1 HeN202009-2DSLC710657.1 |19-703DS
MG865967.1 |HNNY-2DSPP682378.1 |HN-QH23-As-10ES
KY363862.1 |HNJZ-S1DSPP682379.1 |HN-QH23-As-12ES
MZ736789.1 |SX201809DSPP682380.1 |HN4QH23-As-14ES
MZ736786.1 |SD201910DSPQ816951.1 |JXFZ2024DS
PQ846027.1 |GETV-HCDSLC814433.1 |22IH8DS
OL352731.1 |GETV-YLDSLC079086.1 |MI-110-C1DS
KY363863.1 |HNJZ-S2DSMZ736793.1 |HeB201707ES
LC710656.1 |16-0810-26DSMN478486.1 |SC483ES
LC223130.1 |16-I-599DSPQ658743.1 |HNny-XYES
LC223131.1 |16-I-674DSPQ658744.1 |HNlh-LYES
LC212972.1 |15-I-752DSPQ846024.1 |GETV-JLDS
LC212973.1 |15-I-1105DSLC107870.1 |SC1210DS
LC223132.1 |16-I-676DSPX312190.1 |GETV-CX7DS
LC152056.1 |12IH26DSPQ497975.1 |HuN230824ES
LC079088.1 |14-I-605-C1DSMZ388464.1 |XJ-2019-07ES
LC079089.1 |14-I-605-C2DSMN478487.1 |SC266ES
ON843770.1 |GDJM2022DSPV089541.1 |JX2024DS
PQ846025.1 |GETV-HDDSMF741771.1 |HuN1DS
PQ658749.1 |HNzmd-BY1DSOR371719.1 |YN2305DS
OQ863732.1 |JX-CHN-22-P7DSMH722256.1 |JL1808DS
LC079087.1 |MI-110-C2DSMZ736790.1 |JX202004DS
EF631999.1 |LEIV 17741 MPRDSMT269657.1 |GX201808DS
PQ662933.1|GDHYLC2024DSMZ736794.1 |GX202005DS
EF631998.1 |LEIV 16275 MagDSMZ736798.1 |GD201907-1DS
PQ658739.1 |HNzmd-XP1DSAB859822.1 |Kochi/01/2005DS
PQ816952.1 |JXJA2024DSMH106780.1 |SD17/09DS
MT086508.1 |GDFS2-2018DSPQ497973.1 |GD220821DS
MT086509.1 |GDFS9-2018DSPQ497969.1 |HuN230616DS
MZ736791.1 |JS201809-2ESPQ497970.1 |SC220722DS
MZ736792.1 |HeN201907ESOQ968487.1 |JX-CHN-22DS
MZ736796.1 |GX1ESPQ658747.1 |HNzz-XMES
PX123982.1 |JS202508ESMH722255.1 |JL1707DS
MZ357111.1 |SCrph328ESEU015062.1 |HB0234DS
MW512827.1|NMDK1813-1ESMZ736800.1 |HeN2021DS
MW246769.1 |NM JA F2 18-8L-NH-Cxp-Y-1-1ESOP593309.1 |dog202206ES
PQ497972.1 |HuN230706ESOP004827.1 |SC202010ES
PQ289630.1 |GETV-QJESPP236766.1 |JLy1DP
PQ034602.1 |HeN202309ESEU015061.1 |M1DS
PV521858.1 |ZJYWESEF011023.1 |Alphavirus M1DS
MZ357112.1 |SCrph129ESPV904260.1 |HuN1-P50DS
PQ658740.1 |HNzmd-XP2ESPV904261.1 |HuN1-P130DS
PQ658741.1 |HNzmd-XP3ESPV904262.1 |HuN1-P230DS
PQ658742.1 |HNzk-XH1ESMZ736788.1 |FJ202005-2DS
PQ658750.1 |HNsq-ZCESLR990839.1 |MM2021ES
PQ497971.1 |CQ230629ESMT121984.1 |AMM2021ES
PQ658748.1 |HNzmd-XP4ESMN849355.1 |MM2021ES
MK693225.1 |SC201807ESMW404214.1 |MM2021ET
PQ658746.1 |HNzmd-QSESOR373097.1 |GX2020DS
PQ463777.1 |HN1ESOP593308.1 |Rbsq202206DS
OP004828.1 |SCZY202010ESLC534253.1 |Getah virusDS
PV455028.1 |AHHB202410ESKY434327.1 |YN12031DS
PQ658745.1 |HNxx-YYESLR990838.1 |B254DS
OR487192.1 |GDHYLC23ESAB032553.1 |Sagiyama virusDS
), ArticleFig(id=1307281621430857844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013598677590724, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

GETV E2蛋白部分氨基酸差异分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
毒株 Strain

氨基酸位点

Amino acid site

毒株 Strain

氨基酸位点

Amino acid site

323380323380
PP537546.1 |NM2022EAPV521859.1 |ZJNXES
NC006558.1 |Getah virusDSOK423758.1 |SC202009ES
AY702913.1 |Getah virusDSOP747412.1 |GD2202DS
PX207692.1 |HNxy-24DSMG869691.1 |JL17/08DS
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一株猪源盖塔病毒的全基因组序列与遗传演化分析
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向昭颖 1, 2 , 周磊 1, 2 , 盖新娜 1, 2 , 张永宁 1, 2 , 郭鑫 1, 2 , 高鹏 1, 2 , 周琼琼 1, 2 , 韩军 1, 2 , 杨汉春 1, 2
畜牧兽医学报 | 预防兽医 2026,57(3): 1559-1570
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畜牧兽医学报 |预防兽医 2026 , 57 (3) : 1559 -1570
一株猪源盖塔病毒的全基因组序列与遗传演化分析
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向昭颖1, 2 , 周磊1, 2, 盖新娜1, 2, 张永宁1, 2, 郭鑫1, 2, 高鹏1, 2, 周琼琼1, 2, 韩军1, 2, 杨汉春1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国农业大学动物医学院,兽医公共卫生安全全国重点实验室,北京 100193
  • 2.中国农业大学动物医学院,农业农村部动物流行病学重点实验室,北京 100193
通讯作者:
杨汉春,主要从事猪病毒性疫病的分子病原学与分子流行病学、诊断与防治技术、致病与免疫机制研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

向昭颖,博士生,主要从事动物分子病毒学与免疫学研究,E-mail:

Whole Genomic Sequence and Genetic Evolution Analysis of a Strain of Porcine Getah Virus
Zhaoying XIANG1, 2 , Lei ZHOU1, 2, Xinna GE1, 2, Yongning ZHANG1, 2, Xin GUO1, 2, Peng GAO1, 2, Qiongqiong ZHOU1, 2, Jun HAN1, 2, Hanchun YANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety,College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    YANG Hanchun, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.032
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盖塔病毒(GETV)是一种虫媒病毒,可导致妊娠母猪繁殖障碍、仔猪神经症状,严重者发生死亡,对养猪生产造成威胁。本研究旨在分析一株从发病猪场死亡仔猪分离的GETV的全基因组序列及其演化特征。采用宏转录组学测序分析死亡仔猪脑和肺组织样本中的病原;用Vero CCL81细胞分离GETV,经细胞病变(CPE)观察、蚀斑纯化、RT-PCR检测、IFA鉴定与透射电镜观察鉴定分离毒株;采用Sanger法测定分离毒株的全基因组序列。结果表明,病料组织中所含致病病原为GETV,分离毒株命名为NM2022;不包含poly(A)尾,其基因组全长为11 689 nt;分离毒株归属于GETV演化分支的三群(Group Ⅲ),与GenBank数据库中的135株GETV的核苷酸相似性为93.98%~99.86%;其E2蛋白氨基酸序列与猪源HNzmd-XP2、JS201809-2毒株及蚊源NMDK1813-1毒株等21株毒株高度保守,仅380位的氨基酸由丝氨酸突变为丙氨酸。研究结果为深入研究GETV的遗传演化规律和致病机制奠定了基础。

盖塔病毒  /  分离与鉴定  /  全基因组序列测定  /  遗传演化分析

Getah virus (GETV) is an arbovirus that can cause reproductive failure in pregnant sows, neurological symptoms in piglets, and even death in severe cases, posing a threat to the pig industry. This study aimed to analyze the whole genome sequence and evolutionary characteristics of a GETV strain isolated from dead piglets from an infected pig farm. Metatranscriptomic sequencing was conducted to analyze pathogens in brain and lung tissues from dead piglets. Vero CCL81 cells were used to isolate GETV, and the isolated virus was identified through observation of cytopathic effect (CPE), plaque purification, RT-PCR, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and transmission electron microscopy. The full-length genome sequence of the isolate was determined using Sanger sequencing. The results showed that the major pathogen in the tissue samples was characterized as GETV, and the isolated strain was designated as NM2022. Its genome, excluding a poly(A) tail, has a total length of 11 689 nt. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that NM2022 belongs to the evolutionary Group III of GETV, with nucleotide homology ranging from 93.98% to 99.86%, compared to 135 of GETV strains in the GenBank database. The amino acid sequence of the E2 protein of NM2022 is highly conserved with 21 of the GETV strains, including Chinese strains HNzmd-XP2 and JS201809-2 of porcine origin, as well as the strain NMDK1813-1 of mosquito origin, except for a serine-to-alanine mutation at position 380. These findings provide a foundation for further research on the evolutionary patterns and pathogenesis mechanisms of GETV.

Getah virus (GETV)  /  isolation and identification  /  whole genome sequencing  /  phylogenetic analysis
向昭颖, 周磊, 盖新娜, 张永宁, 郭鑫, 高鹏, 周琼琼, 韩军, 杨汉春. 一株猪源盖塔病毒的全基因组序列与遗传演化分析. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1559 -1570 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.032
Zhaoying XIANG, Lei ZHOU, Xinna GE, Yongning ZHANG, Xin GUO, Peng GAO, Qiongqiong ZHOU, Jun HAN, Hanchun YANG. Whole Genomic Sequence and Genetic Evolution Analysis of a Strain of Porcine Getah Virus[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1559 -1570 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.032
盖塔病毒(Getah virus,GETV)属于披膜病毒科(Togaviridae)、甲病毒属(Alphavirus)[1],可感染蚊虫[2]和多种哺乳动物(包括马[3]、猪[4]、蓝狐[5]、牛[6]、小熊猫[7]和人[8]等),并引起不同临床表现。马感染后多表现为轻度症状,如发热、皮疹、跛行,死亡率极低[9-10]。成年猪感染通常无症状或仅呈亚临床经过,但怀孕母猪可能会出现流产、死胎等繁殖障碍问题[11-13]。值得注意的是,GETV对新生仔猪危害较大,可致其出现发热、腹泻、震颤、共济失调,严重者死亡[12-14]。此外,GETV还常与猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)、猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)、猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus,CSFV)、猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)以及伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)等发生混合感染[15],增加了临床诊断与疾病控制的复杂性。自2018年以来,GETV在中国的流行呈上升趋势,多个地区相继报道了GETV感染病例[6,13,16-18],对畜牧业生产和公共卫生安全构成了威胁。因此,定期监测猪群中GETV感染状况并分析其演化,对预防与控制相应的临床病具有重要的指导意义。
GETV的基因组为单股正链RNA,全长约11.7 kb[1],编码2个开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF):NS-ORF表达病毒的非结构蛋白(NSP1~4),S-ORF表达结构蛋白(Cap、E3、E2、6K、E1)。E2为GETV的囊膜蛋白,其抗原性很强并参与病毒的受体识别和内化。因此,基于全基因组序列的遗传演化分析及E2蛋白氨基酸序列的差异分析有助于揭示GETV的演化趋势。
本研究对临床发病死亡仔猪肺和脑组织样本进行了GETV分离和鉴定,进一步对分离毒株进行了全基因组序列测定与遗传演化分析,以期为深入研究GETV的遗传演化规律以及致病的分子机制提供科学依据。
Vero CCL81细胞由中国农业大学农业农村部动物流行病学重点实验室保存。鼠源GETV E2蛋白特异性单克隆抗体3G9由本实验室制备及保存;FITC标记的羊抗鼠IgG二抗购自美国Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories 公司。
DAPI溶液(C0065)、低熔点琼脂糖粉末(A8350)购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司;MagZol试剂(R4801-01)购自广州美基生物科技有限公司;FastKing cDNA第一链合成试剂盒(去基因组)(KR118)购自北京天根生化科技有限公司;DNA聚合酶2×Taq Master Mix (Dye Plus)(P112-01)购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;琼脂糖凝胶回收试剂盒(D2500-01)购自美国Omega Bio-Tek公司;DMEM粉末(12800-017)、胎牛血清(FBS)(10099141)购自美国Gibco公司。
发病仔猪的脑、肺组织病料采集自2022年8月内蒙古发生仔猪死亡疫情的猪场。猪场近170头仔猪在出生后5~12 d死亡,死亡前出现沉郁、呼吸困难、震颤、共济失调、腹泻等症状。在生物安全柜中处理脑、肺组织样品(各3份),于病灶与正常组织交界处(无明显病灶者则随机取样)剪取约黄豆粒大小的组织块,混合剪碎后取1 mg进行研磨匀浆。匀浆于4 ℃ 8 000 r·min-1离心15 min,取上清液,置于-80 ℃保存。取250 μL上清液,按照MagZolTM Reagent (Trizol Reagent)说明书,提取总RNA。样品处理以及后续的病毒分离培养均在生物安全二级实验室进行。
将提取的RNA进行宏转录组学序列测定(北京赛默百合生物科技有限公司)。采用Illumina MiSeq/NovaSeq测序平台构建文库。首先经Oligo dT富集提取的总RNA,然后将RNA进行片段化处理,反转录为cDNA,补齐黏性末端并添加接头,制备文库后进行序列测定。对测序原始数据进行质量控制,去除接头和低质量序列,去除宿主序列,转录组组装、reads水平物种组成谱分析和contigs水平物种组成谱分析。
在reads水平物种组成谱分析中,分别使用Kraken2(version 2.0.8b)和Kaiju数据库(version 1.6.3)对细菌和病毒进行物种鉴定。在contig水平物种组成谱分析中,使用Kraken2对细菌物种鉴定,使用排除法对病毒物种进行鉴定。排除法鉴定病毒种类的具体方法:在蛋白质水平鉴定病毒序列,将contig预测出的氨基酸序列分别于RefSeq Virus Nr数据库中进行Blastp比对、IMG/VR数据库中进行HMMER比对;随后,在核酸水平鉴定病毒序列,将拼接组装的contig使用NCBI RefSeq virus nt数据库进行Blastn比对;将所有鉴定结果取并集,作为可疑的病毒序列。
用0.22 μm滤器过滤后的研磨上清液接种Vero CCL81细胞,于37 ℃、5% CO2中感作1 h,弃去液体,用PBS洗涤3次,随后加入含2% FBS的DMEM(维持培养基),置于温箱培养,每24 h在显微镜下观察细胞病变;待出现明显细胞病变后,将细胞板置于-80 ℃冰箱,冻融2次,收集孔内液体,4 ℃下8 000 r·min-1离心10 min,吸取上清,置于-80 ℃冰箱待用。共进行四轮传代,获得的GETV病毒液分别命名为P1、P2、P3和P4。
利用Trizol法提取P1、P2、P3、P4代病毒液的总RNA,按照FastKing cDNA第一链合成试剂盒的说明书,用随机引物反转录合成cDNA。参考GETV M1毒株基因组序列(GenBank No.EU015061),用GETV capsid基因特异性引物(F:ACCGAAGAAGCCGAAG;R:GCA-CTCRAGGTCATACTTG)[19]对cDNA进行PCR扩增。PCR反应体系为(20 μL):cDNA 2 μL,上、下游引物各1 μL,2×Taq Master Mix (Dye Plus) 10 μL,ddH2O 6 μL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃ 3 min,95 ℃ 15 s,53 ℃ 15 s,72 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 5 min。PCR扩增结束后,进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,对目的条带的PCR原液进行测序(北京擎科生物科技有限公司),利用 NCBI数据库进行序列BLAST比对。
将50 μL病毒液用维持培养基稀释至1 mL,充分混匀后加入至长满单层的Vero CCL81细胞中,于37 ℃、5% CO2感作1 h,感作后弃液,补充维持培养基,然后置于温箱培养。待细胞出现明显细胞病变时,弃掉孔内液体,加入预冷的无水乙醇,室温静置10 min。弃掉无水乙醇并用PBS洗涤3次,每孔中加入1∶2 000 稀释的GETV E2蛋白单克隆抗体3G9,37 ℃反应1 h;弃液后用PBS洗涤3次,每孔加入1∶200稀释的FITC标记的羊抗鼠IgG二抗,37 ℃反应1 h;弃液后用PBS洗涤3次,用荧光倒置显微镜观察特异性荧光。
用维持培养基对P3代病毒液进行10倍比稀释,随后加入至长满单层的Vero CCL81细胞板中,于37 ℃、5% CO2中感作1 h。弃去孔内液体,每孔加入含1%低熔点琼脂糖的维持培养基,待培养基冷却凝固后,于37 ℃温箱倒置培养48 h。每孔加入0.01%的中性红染色液,37 ℃染色2 h。弃去液体,用PBS洗涤一遍,挑取单个蚀斑并保存于1 mL DMEM中。重复以上步骤再进行两轮蚀斑纯化。
病毒液于4 ℃,28 000 r·min-1离心2 h,离心后弃去上清,沉淀用PBS重悬。沿着超离管壁依次加入60%、50%、40%、30%、20%质量分数的蔗糖溶液,形成密度梯度。将浓缩的病毒液加入到20%蔗糖溶液表面,于4 ℃下30 000 r·min-1超速离心3 h。从45%~50%质量分数层中收集含病毒粒子的条带。向收集的液体中加入5倍体积的PBS,于4 ℃,30 000 r·min-1超速离心2 h,离心后弃上清,用1 mL PBS重悬沉淀,于-80 ℃保存。
吸取20 μL浓缩、纯化后的病毒液,滴至电镜铜网上,室温静置5 min,再滴加2%磷钨酸溶液,染色5 min,用滤纸吸去液体,将ddH2O滴至铜网上,洗涤2次,自然晾干后,在透射电子显微镜下观察病毒粒子大小及形态。
利用Trizol法提取经3轮蚀斑纯化后的病毒RNA,用引物3’ RACE adaptor对病毒基因组的3’端进行反转录,其余基因片段用随机引物进行反转录。以毒株AH9192(GenBank No.MG865965.1)为模板设计13对引物(表1),利用RT-PCR扩增其全长基因组,随后将PCR原液进行Sanger测序(北京擎科生物科技有限公司)及序列拼接。利用MEGA-X软件,采用最大似然法对拼接获得的全长GETV基因组序列、E2基因序列与GenBank数据库中135株GETV毒株进行遗传演化分析,均设1 000个bootstrap重复。
运用宏转录组学测序技术对临床病料中的病原组成进行了预测分析。测序共产生44 665 897条有效reads,基于reads之间的重叠区,拼接获得了17 690条contigs。病毒组成分析结果显示(图1A),GETV的相对丰度最高(79%),其次是痘病毒科的Taterapox virus(5%)和Flamingopox virus FGPVKD09(2%)。细菌组成分析结果显示(图1B),双歧杆菌的相对丰度最高(19%),其次是耻垢分枝杆菌(12%),其余细菌种群丰度均在1%及以下。由于Taterapox virus 和Flamingopox virus FGPVKD09主要感染免疫力低下的动物,引起被感染动物皮肤疱疹,不具有致死性[20-21],而双歧杆菌和耻垢分枝杆菌均不是致病菌。因此,结果表明,引起疫情的病原为GETV,无其他病原混合感染。
用制备的组织匀浆上清液接种Vero CCL81细胞36 h后,细胞表现出变圆、脱落等明显的细胞病变(图2A)。用GETV E2蛋白特异性单克隆抗体对病毒感染细胞进行IFA检测,观察到特异性荧光信号主要分布于细胞质中(图2A)。RT-PCR检测结果显示,病料盲传的P1~P4代细胞培养液均为GETV核酸检测阳性(图2B)。对RT-PCR产物进行Sanger测序,并将测序结果与NCBI数据库中的序列进行Blast比对分析。结果显示,扩增的序列与NCBI中收录的GETV capsid基因部分序列完全一致。透射电镜观察可见具有典型甲病毒形态的病毒粒子,呈球形,有囊膜,直径为70 nm(图2C)。将分离毒株命名为NM2022。
RT-PCR对蚀斑纯化后的GETV基因进行扩增,获得13个基因片段(图3),对扩增片段进行Sanger测序及序列拼接,最终获得分离毒株的全基因组序列。结果显示,不包含poly (A)尾,分离毒株NM2022基因组核苷酸长度为11 689 nt,其基因组组成与其他甲病毒属成员一致,为5’UTR-nsp1-nsp2-nsp3-nsp4-C-E3-E2-6K-E1-3’UTR。序列信息已提交至 GenBank 数据库(收录号:PP537546)。
基于GETV全基因组核苷酸序列的遗传演化分析结果显示(图4),分离毒株NM2022处于演化分支Group Ⅲ,与GenBank数据库中的135株GETV的核苷酸相似性为93.98%~99.86%;与四川小熊猫源SCrph129、SCrph328毒株遗传关系最近,相似性分别为99.86%和99.78%;与Group Ⅰ分支中的原型毒株 GETV MM2021遗传关系最远,相似性为93.98%。进一步分析表明,NM2022与GDHYLC23、HN1等近年新发毒株及NMDK1813-1、SC202009等早期分离株共35株,共同构成Group III中的一个独立分支,即GETV III型变异株[22-23]。
基于GETV的E2基因核苷酸序列的遗传演化分析结果显示(图5),NM2022位于GETV III型变异株分支,与GenBank中收录的135株GETV E2序列相似性为92.84%~99.68%;其E2基因与四川小熊猫源SCrph129、SCrph328和江苏猪源JS202508毒株的遗传关系最近,相似性为99.68%;与原型毒株GETV MM2021的遗传关系最远,相似性为92.84%。
GETV的E2基因全长为1 266 nt,编码422个氨基酸。与GenBank中收录的135株GETV的E2氨基酸序列相比,分离毒株NM2022与其中114株存在散在氨基酸差异,但与包括猪源HNzmd-XP2、JS201809-2毒株及蚊源NMDK1813-1毒株在内的21株毒株高度保守。值得注意的是,NM2022在第380位出现一个独特突变(S380A):该位点在133株GETV中为丝氨酸(S),在猪源JLy1毒株中为脯氨酸(P),在原型毒株MM2021中为苏氨酸(T),而在NM2022中为丙氨酸(A)(表2)。此外,NM2022的第323位氨基酸为谷氨酸(E),与44株参考毒株相同,而其余91株在该位点为天冬氨酸(D)(表2)。
当前,生猪疫病预防与控制主要聚焦于非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)和伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)等重要病原。然而,近年来,猪丁型冠状病毒(PDCoV)、塞内卡病毒A型(SVA)及盖塔病毒(GETV)等新发与再现传染病在我国一些地区流行,对生猪生产构成了新的威胁[24-28]。因此,新发和再现病毒的监测力度需要进一步加强,以应对潜在的疫情风险。
宏基因组学测序技术为快速鉴定未知或混合感染病原提供了强有力的工具[29-31]。Chu等[13]在出现腹泻、神经症状的死亡仔猪中,虽未能通过常规PCR检出PRV、PRRSV等常见病原,但利用宏基因组测序技术从小肠组织成功鉴定出GETV。本文研究也应用了宏转录组学分析技术,对发生疫情猪场的死亡仔猪脑和肺组织混合样本进行检测,锁定了GETV为主要致病病原。分析结果显示,样本中GETV的相对丰度显著高于其他检出的病毒,如对猪致病性低的Taterapox virus[20],且细菌组成仅含非致病菌及条件性致病菌,从而排除了其他病原共感染或继发细菌感染的可能性,表明疫情可能是由GETV感染所致。值得重视的是,近年来GETV检出率持续上升,我国多个地区报道了此病毒引发的疫情,主要临床表现涉及母猪流产、产死胎等繁殖障碍,仔猪腹泻、后肢无力、共济失调甚至死亡,给生猪养殖场造成了一定的经济损失[4,6,13,16-17,32]。因此,很有必要将GETV纳入养殖场的常规病原检测范围。
已有的研究表明,GETV已演化形成四个主要遗传分支,即Group I~IV[17]。其中,起源于50多年前的Group III已成为当前流行的优势群,覆盖了中国、日本、韩国、蒙古国等从蚊、猪、马等多种宿主分
离的大多数毒株。经全基因组序列测定和遗传演化分析表明,本研究的分离毒株NM2022基因组组成为5’UTR-nsp1-nsp2-nsp3-nsp4-C-E3-E2-6K-E1-3’UTR的结构特征,与其他甲病毒属成员一致,归属于Group III,并与四川小熊猫源毒株SCrph129、SCrph328、 猪源SC202009毒株及内蒙古蚊源NMDK1813-1毒株遗传关系较近。这一结果表明GETV具有跨物种传播的风险,同时提示内蒙古疫情的两种可能传播路径:一是通过当地蚊媒传播;二是与四川等地的跨区域生猪活动(如引种、车辆运输)相关。因此,采取强化防蚊灭虫、改善环境卫生、严格引种检疫等综合措施对于遏制GETV的传播具有十分重要的实践意义。同时,生猪养殖场应定期开展猪群GETV感染的血清学与病原学监测工作,及时预警与发现临床疫情。此外,NM2022毒株与原型毒株MM2021(Group I)遗传距离最远,反映了GETV在长期演化中积累了显著变异。有研究表明,GETV近150年来的基因演化速率显著高于其他甲病毒属成员[33]。这一高变异特性增加了其适应新宿主和环境以及突破免疫屏障的潜在风险。值得注意的是,近期研究发现,与既往Group III毒株不同,GDHYLC23、HN1等近两年来分离的毒株已形成一个新的分支(即GETV III型变异株),其对新生小鼠表现出更强毒力[22-23]。本研究分离的NM2022毒株亦位于该变异株分支中,提示当前流行的GETV致病力可能增强。因此,有必要持续监测GETV的遗传演化趋势,为前瞻性防控策略的制定提供科学依据。
与GenBank中135株GETV E2蛋白氨基酸序列比对显示,NM2022毒株与猪源HNzmd-XP2、JS201809-2以及蚊源NMDK1813-1等21株毒株高度保守,仅在380位存在单一氨基酸差异。E2蛋白作为主要的免疫原性蛋白和受体结合蛋白,其高度保守性暗示了其在跨宿主传播中维持功能稳定性的关键作用;而第380位的细微变异(S380T),则可能是病毒在特定宿主选择压力或地理适应过程中的微调。此外,在E2蛋白第323位氨基酸位点,本研究的分离毒株NM2022与44株参考毒株均为谷氨酸(E),而其余91株则为天冬氨酸(D),然而该位点变异对病毒致病性的影响有待进一步研究。
成功从临床样本中分离鉴定了一株GETV,并对其进行了全基因组测序与遗传演化分析,研究结果为深入研究GETV的生物学特性、遗传演化规律以及致病机制奠定了必要的基础。
  • 国家生猪产业技术体系(CARS-35)
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2026年第57卷第3期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.032
  • 接收时间:2025-09-09
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-03-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-09
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国家生猪产业技术体系(CARS-35)
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    1.中国农业大学动物医学院,兽医公共卫生安全全国重点实验室,北京 100193
    2.中国农业大学动物医学院,农业农村部动物流行病学重点实验室,北京 100193

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杨汉春,主要从事猪病毒性疫病的分子病原学与分子流行病学、诊断与防治技术、致病与免疫机制研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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