Article(id=1307013489860568001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.027, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1754496000000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545899119, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1774195200000, pubDateStr=2026-03-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545899119, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545899119, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545899119, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013423896753139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='3', pageStart='1177', pageEnd='1776', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774195200000', pubDateStr='2026-03-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545883392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609930841, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1493, endPage=1505, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013490066088898, articleId=1307013489860568001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Seasonal Changes of the Epididymal Tissue Structure and Gene Expression Profile in Angora Rabbits, columnId=1307007399437562052, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to explore the differences in epididymal histological characteristics and gene expression profiles of Angora rabbits in spring,summer and autumn.Twelve 1-year-old male Angora rabbits with healthy body conditions and normal reproductive functions were chosen. Epididymal tissues of 4 Angora rabbits were collected in spring (no heat stress), summer (intense heat stress) and autumn (no heat stress),respectively. The histological differences of the epididymis in different seasons were compared through HE staining,and the transcriptome profiles of the epididymis tissues in different seasons were analyzed using RNA-Seq technology. Histological analysis revealed that, compared with spring,heat stress in summer resulted in atrophy of the epididymal duct,disorganized arrangement of epithelial cells,and absence of sperm. In contrast,the epididymal morphology recovered in autumn,resembling that of spring,and exhibited an abundance of sperm. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a total of 1 133 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the epididymal tissue between spring and summer,910 DEGs were detected between summer and autumn,while only 36 DEGs were detected between autumn and spring. Among them,the expression trends of 535 DEGs were opposite in spring/summer and summer/autumn groups,and their expression levels recovered in autumn and were similar to those in spring,which were consistent with the histological results of the epididymis. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs in epididymal tissue between spring and summer were mainly enriched in biological processes including immune response,response to external stimulus,sperm motility,flagellated sperm motility,epithelial cell apoptotic process,and programmed cell death,and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. DEGs in the epididymis tissue from summer and autumn were significantly enriched in biological processes including immune response,response to external stimuli,positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility,sperm motility,and negative regulation of cell death,as well as TNF,Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation,Th17 cell differentiation,and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways. Analysis of gene expression trends indicated that the highly-expressed genes in summer,including 449 differentially expressed genes with opposite expression trends between spring/summer and summer/autumn,mainly enriched in immune responses,response to external stimulus,regulation of programmed cell death and regulation of apoptotic process. The low-expression genes in summer are mainly enriched in collagen fibril organization and amino acid transport. In conclusion, heat stress during summer damaged epididymis tissue structure and changed expression profiles of genes related to reproduction,immunity and apoptosis in Angora rabbits,which recovered to normal levels in autumn. This study provided an important theoretical basis for a in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of“summer infertility”in rabbits.

, authors=Haisheng DING, Yuanlang WANG, Jinzi WANG, Huiling ZHAO, Dongwei HUANG, authorsList=Haisheng DING, Yuanlang WANG, Jinzi WANG, Huiling ZHAO, Dongwei HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dongwei HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
HUANG Dongwei, E-mail:
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旨在探讨长毛兔在春季、夏季和秋季附睾组织学特性和基因表达谱的差异。本研究选取健康且繁殖功能正常的1岁雄性长毛兔12只,分别在春季(无热应激)、夏季(强热应激)和秋季(无热应激)各采集4只长毛兔附睾组织。通过HE染色,比较不同季节附睾组织学差异,并利用RNA-Seq技术对不同季节附睾组织的转录组谱进行分析。组织学分析显示,与春季相比,夏季热应激导致附睾管萎缩、上皮细胞排列紊乱以及精子缺失,而秋季附睾形态恢复与春季相似,且有丰富的精子。转录组分析显示,春夏季附睾组织共检测到1 133个差异表达基因,夏秋季共检测到910个差异表达基因,而秋春季仅检测36个差异基因。其中,535个差异基因在春夏季和夏秋季的表达趋势相反,其表达水平在秋季恢复与春季相似,这一结果与附睾组织形态学结果一致。GO富集分析显示,春夏季附睾组织差异基因主要富集到免疫反应、对外部刺激的反应、精子能动性、鞭毛精子运动性、上皮细胞凋亡过程、细胞程序性死亡及细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用等通路。夏季和秋季附睾组织差异表达基因显著富集到了免疫反应、对外界刺激的反应、鞭毛精子运动的正向调节、精子能动性以及细胞死亡负调控和TNF、Th1和Th2细胞分化、Th17细胞分化、细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用等通路。基因表达趋势分析表明,夏季高表达基因包括449个在春夏季和夏秋季表达趋势相反的差异基因主要富集到免疫反应、对外部刺激的反应、程序性细胞死亡调控和凋亡调控,夏季低表达基因主要富集到胶原纤维组织和氨基酸转运等过程。综上,夏季热应激可导致长毛兔附睾组织结构损伤,繁殖、免疫和凋亡等相关基因表达谱发生变化,且这些损伤及表达谱的改变在秋季恢复。本研究为深入理解家兔“夏季不育”的分子机制提供重要理论依据。

, authors=丁海生, 王源朗, 王金字, 赵辉玲, 黄冬维, authorsList=丁海生, 王源朗, 王金字, 赵辉玲, 黄冬维, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=黄冬维, authorNote=

丁海生,博士,主要从事草食动物育种与生产研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
黄冬维,主要从事草食动物育种与生产相关研究,E-mail:
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A, B. HE-stained epididymis from spring; C, D. HE-stained epididymis from summer; E, F. HE-stained epididymis from autumn. ED, Sc and TCC are epididymal duct, stereocilium and tall columnar cells, respectively

, figureFileSmall=+7BpZTcXN1O2xS4B8KtJWw==, figureFileBig=vIXQPXuk1KEqqK1gywjN4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281758223880620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同季节附睾组织的形态特征

A、B.春季附睾组织HE染色图;C、D.夏季附睾组织HE染色图;E、F.秋季附睾组织HE染色图。ED.附睾管;Sc.静纤毛;TCC.高柱状细胞

, figureFileSmall=+7BpZTcXN1O2xS4B8KtJWw==, figureFileBig=vIXQPXuk1KEqqK1gywjN4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281758727197101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=PCA of DEGs in epididymides from spring, summer, and autumn, figureFileSmall=8kr2uwPXR33upSMfqrRttA==, figureFileBig=x90j120igJCspPVwFqgx6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281758957883822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=CN, label=图2, caption=春、夏和秋季附睾组织差异表达基因的PCA主成分分析, figureFileSmall=8kr2uwPXR33upSMfqrRttA==, figureFileBig=x90j120igJCspPVwFqgx6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281759029186991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Difference analyses of epididymis genes in spring, summer, and autumn

A. The number of DEGs of epididymides in different seasons; B. Cluster analysis of DEGs. The red color indicates increased expression, and the green color indicates decreased expression; C. Venn diagram analysis of differentially expressed genes in different comparison groups. E1-4 represent epididymides in spring, E5-8 represent epididymides in summer, and E09-12 represent epididymides in autumn. CE, XE, and QE represent the epididymidis tissues from spring, summer, and autumn, respectively

, figureFileSmall=+aJkPagCmNlAwR3slkDULA==, figureFileBig=LGgw+7CWX74uEXFjZIx7dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281761029870000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=CN, label=图3, caption=春、夏和秋季附睾基因的差异分析

A.不同季节附睾差异表达基因数目;B.不同季节附睾差异表达基因聚类分析,红色表示上调表达,绿色表示下调表达;C.不同比对组差异表达基因的维恩图分析。E1~4为春季附睾组织;E5~8为夏季附睾组织;E09~12为秋季附睾组织。CE、XE和QE分别是春季、夏季和秋季的附睾组织

, figureFileSmall=+aJkPagCmNlAwR3slkDULA==, figureFileBig=LGgw+7CWX74uEXFjZIx7dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281761117950385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=GO enrichment analyses of DEGs in epididymal tissues in different seasons

A. GO enrichment analysis of DEGs in epididymal tissues from spring and summer; B. GO enrichment analysis of DEGs in epididymal tissues from summer and autumn

, figureFileSmall=wVeunRaLawTposYmoPnFgA==, figureFileBig=GyDVA1nyAM4jYrDN8rTEOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281761197642162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同季节附睾组织差异表达基因GO富集分析

A.春夏季附睾组织差异基因GO富集分析;B.夏秋季附睾组织差异基因GO富集分析

, figureFileSmall=wVeunRaLawTposYmoPnFgA==, figureFileBig=GyDVA1nyAM4jYrDN8rTEOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281761294111155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=KEGG enrichment analyses of DEGs in epididymal tissues in different seasons

A. KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs in epididymal tissues from spring and summer; B. GO enrichment analysis of DEGs in epididymal tissues from summer and autumn; C. KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs in epididymal tissues from autumn and spring

, figureFileSmall=dEuutfp4bpTLgT3ddIK03A==, figureFileBig=RfMHN/rM4pduQMQxnNzsiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281761445106100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同季节附睾组织差异表达基因KEGG富集分析

A.春夏季附睾组织差异基因KEGG富集分析;B.夏秋季附睾组织差异基因KEGG富集分析;C.秋春季附睾组织差异基因KEGG富集分析

, figureFileSmall=dEuutfp4bpTLgT3ddIK03A==, figureFileBig=RfMHN/rM4pduQMQxnNzsiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281761528992181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Genes expression pattern analyses in epididymal tissues during spring, summer, and autumn, figureFileSmall=YabLbx5myf+/TXrNs2BObQ==, figureFileBig=IycP2v5Ra5/jj3NcIYMzsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281761629655478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=CN, label=图6, caption=春夏秋季附睾组织基因表达趋势分析, figureFileSmall=YabLbx5myf+/TXrNs2BObQ==, figureFileBig=IycP2v5Ra5/jj3NcIYMzsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281761856147895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Venn diagram analysis of genes in profile 5 and genes with opposite expression trends between spring/summer and summer/autumn comparison groups, figureFileSmall=y0I5e6mrnMFwZ/cHL/WdEA==, figureFileBig=7Ixm1vuQ+z7CPJTlXiMDFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281761956811192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=CN, label=图7, caption=基因集5与春夏和夏秋比对组中表达趋势相反基因的韦恩图分析, figureFileSmall=y0I5e6mrnMFwZ/cHL/WdEA==, figureFileBig=7Ixm1vuQ+z7CPJTlXiMDFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281762036502969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=RT-qPCR validation of the RNA-seq data, figureFileSmall=v1X68GVr9hvNIIt+6bSYOQ==, figureFileBig=xwGTV5ud7R5/C0ad2MtG2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281762116194746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=CN, label=图8, caption=RNA-seq数据的实时荧光定量PCR验证, figureFileSmall=v1X68GVr9hvNIIt+6bSYOQ==, figureFileBig=xwGTV5ud7R5/C0ad2MtG2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281762179109307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers for quantitative real-time PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

基因

Gene

引物序列(5ʹ→3ʹ)

Primer sequence

产物长度/bp

Product length

CD74CACCACCGCCTACTTCCTAT; TCATGGGCTTGGCAGACTTG119
AQP1CTTGCCATCGGCTTTTCTGT; GAAGGACCGAGCAGGGTTAA84
BSGGGACCAGGTCATCCAGAACG; AGGTCCAGGTCCTTGATGTG90
FLNAGCTGGCAAAGGCAAACTAGA; AGGTGTTGTCGTGATGGTCG94
MMP7CCAGGAAACACACTGGCTCA; CCGTCGGTCCAGTGTTCATC89
RARRES2CAATGGGAGGAAGCGGAAAT; CCTTCGGATCTGTGTCTGGA103
GAPDHGTGATGCTGGTGCCGAGTAC; GGTTCACGCCCATCACAAAC147
), ArticleFig(id=1307281762262995388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实时荧光定量PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

基因

Gene

引物序列(5ʹ→3ʹ)

Primer sequence

产物长度/bp

Product length

CD74CACCACCGCCTACTTCCTAT; TCATGGGCTTGGCAGACTTG119
AQP1CTTGCCATCGGCTTTTCTGT; GAAGGACCGAGCAGGGTTAA84
BSGGGACCAGGTCATCCAGAACG; AGGTCCAGGTCCTTGATGTG90
FLNAGCTGGCAAAGGCAAACTAGA; AGGTGTTGTCGTGATGGTCG94
MMP7CCAGGAAACACACTGGCTCA; CCGTCGGTCCAGTGTTCATC89
RARRES2CAATGGGAGGAAGCGGAAAT; CCTTCGGATCTGTGTCTGGA103
GAPDHGTGATGCTGGTGCCGAGTAC; GGTTCACGCCCATCACAAAC147
), ArticleFig(id=1307281762346881469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Quality evaluation of RNA sequencing data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

样本

Sample

原始序列

Raw reads

高质量序列

Clean reads

总比对率/%

Total mapped

唯一比对率/%

Unique mapped

Q30/%
E140 091 47639 875 028 (99.46%)35 607 049 (89.70%)33 412 403 (84.17%)94.84
E240 276 53839 926 878 (99.13%)35 287 462 (88.77%)33 203 505 (83.53%)93.65
E339 811 79039 585 254 (99.43%)35 502 534 (89.94%)33 291 877 (84.34%)94.83
E436 443 33636 168 900 (99.25%)32 181 932 (89.35%)30 164 704 (83.74%)94.70
E539 770 12439 567 112 (99.49%)35 477 765 (90.02%)33 197 668 (84.23%)95.03
E637 760 95437 574 226 (99.51%)33 561 483 (89.70%)31 568 967 (84.37%)94.67
E736 779 67236 530 422 (99.32%)33 210 860 (91.23%)33 210 860 (91.23%)94.61
E838 022 58637 740 070 (99.26%)33 967 178 (90.47%)31 766 277 (84.61%)94.57
E0940 639 76040 426 016 (99.47%)37 101 715 (92.04%)35 039 761 (86.92%)94.90
E1037 757 86037 583 892 (99.54%)34 050 627 (91.34%)32 201 641 (86.38%)94.65
E1137 472 51837 244 424 (99.39%)32 753 724 (91.58%)30 978 644 (86.62%)94.91
E1238 494 45438 290 200 (99.47%)34 190 892 (91.59%)32 385 268 (86.76%)94.77
), ArticleFig(id=1307281762418184638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

测序数据质量评估

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

样本

Sample

原始序列

Raw reads

高质量序列

Clean reads

总比对率/%

Total mapped

唯一比对率/%

Unique mapped

Q30/%
E140 091 47639 875 028 (99.46%)35 607 049 (89.70%)33 412 403 (84.17%)94.84
E240 276 53839 926 878 (99.13%)35 287 462 (88.77%)33 203 505 (83.53%)93.65
E339 811 79039 585 254 (99.43%)35 502 534 (89.94%)33 291 877 (84.34%)94.83
E436 443 33636 168 900 (99.25%)32 181 932 (89.35%)30 164 704 (83.74%)94.70
E539 770 12439 567 112 (99.49%)35 477 765 (90.02%)33 197 668 (84.23%)95.03
E637 760 95437 574 226 (99.51%)33 561 483 (89.70%)31 568 967 (84.37%)94.67
E736 779 67236 530 422 (99.32%)33 210 860 (91.23%)33 210 860 (91.23%)94.61
E838 022 58637 740 070 (99.26%)33 967 178 (90.47%)31 766 277 (84.61%)94.57
E0940 639 76040 426 016 (99.47%)37 101 715 (92.04%)35 039 761 (86.92%)94.90
E1037 757 86037 583 892 (99.54%)34 050 627 (91.34%)32 201 641 (86.38%)94.65
E1137 472 51837 244 424 (99.39%)32 753 724 (91.58%)30 978 644 (86.62%)94.91
E1238 494 45438 290 200 (99.47%)34 190 892 (91.59%)32 385 268 (86.76%)94.77
), ArticleFig(id=1307281762510459327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Significantly enriched GO terms related to reproduction and heat stress

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因集5 Profile 5基因集2 Profile 2基因集6 Profile 6
GO条目GO term基因数目Gene numberGO条目GO term基因数目Gene numberGO条目GO term基因数目Gene number

免疫反应

Immune response

185胶原纤维组织 Collagen fibril organization6

细胞周期过程的正向调节

Positive regulation of cell cycle process

16

防御反应

Defense response

152

逆转录

Reverse transcription

5

细胞周期相变

Cell cycle phase transition

22
对外部刺激的反应Response to external stimulus206

变换

Transposition

7有丝分裂细胞周期Mitotic cell cycle27

程序性细胞死亡调控

Regulation of programmed cell death

95依赖RNA的DNA生物合成过程RNA-dependent DNA biosynthetic process8细胞周期的调控Regulation of cell cycle28
凋亡过程调控Regulation of apoptotic process93L氨基酸转运 L-amino acid transport7减数分裂细胞周期Meiotic cell cycle13

精子能动性

Sperm motility

12L赖氨酸通过质膜进入 L-lysine import across plasma membrane2

配子形成

Gamete generation

22
鞭毛精子运动Flagellated sperm motility11

阴离子运输

Anion transport

19

精子能动性

Sperm motility

6
), ArticleFig(id=1307281762581762496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013489860568001, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

显著富集的繁殖和热应激相关的GO 条目

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因集5 Profile 5基因集2 Profile 2基因集6 Profile 6
GO条目GO term基因数目Gene numberGO条目GO term基因数目Gene numberGO条目GO term基因数目Gene number

免疫反应

Immune response

185胶原纤维组织 Collagen fibril organization6

细胞周期过程的正向调节

Positive regulation of cell cycle process

16

防御反应

Defense response

152

逆转录

Reverse transcription

5

细胞周期相变

Cell cycle phase transition

22
对外部刺激的反应Response to external stimulus206

变换

Transposition

7有丝分裂细胞周期Mitotic cell cycle27

程序性细胞死亡调控

Regulation of programmed cell death

95依赖RNA的DNA生物合成过程RNA-dependent DNA biosynthetic process8细胞周期的调控Regulation of cell cycle28
凋亡过程调控Regulation of apoptotic process93L氨基酸转运 L-amino acid transport7减数分裂细胞周期Meiotic cell cycle13

精子能动性

Sperm motility

12L赖氨酸通过质膜进入 L-lysine import across plasma membrane2

配子形成

Gamete generation

22
鞭毛精子运动Flagellated sperm motility11

阴离子运输

Anion transport

19

精子能动性

Sperm motility

6
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长毛兔附睾组织结构和基因表达谱随季节性的变化
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丁海生 , 王源朗 , 王金字 , 赵辉玲 , 黄冬维
畜牧兽医学报 | 生物技术与繁殖 2026,57(3): 1493-1505
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畜牧兽医学报 |生物技术与繁殖 2026 , 57 (3) : 1493 -1505
长毛兔附睾组织结构和基因表达谱随季节性的变化
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丁海生 , 王源朗, 王金字, 赵辉玲, 黄冬维
作者信息
  • 安徽省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,安徽省畜禽产品安全重点实验室,合肥 230031
通讯作者:
黄冬维,主要从事草食动物育种与生产相关研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

丁海生,博士,主要从事草食动物育种与生产研究,E-mail:

Seasonal Changes of the Epididymal Tissue Structure and Gene Expression Profile in Angora Rabbits
Haisheng DING , Yuanlang WANG, Jinzi WANG, Huiling ZHAO, Dongwei HUANG
Affiliations
  • Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230031,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    HUANG Dongwei, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.027
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旨在探讨长毛兔在春季、夏季和秋季附睾组织学特性和基因表达谱的差异。本研究选取健康且繁殖功能正常的1岁雄性长毛兔12只,分别在春季(无热应激)、夏季(强热应激)和秋季(无热应激)各采集4只长毛兔附睾组织。通过HE染色,比较不同季节附睾组织学差异,并利用RNA-Seq技术对不同季节附睾组织的转录组谱进行分析。组织学分析显示,与春季相比,夏季热应激导致附睾管萎缩、上皮细胞排列紊乱以及精子缺失,而秋季附睾形态恢复与春季相似,且有丰富的精子。转录组分析显示,春夏季附睾组织共检测到1 133个差异表达基因,夏秋季共检测到910个差异表达基因,而秋春季仅检测36个差异基因。其中,535个差异基因在春夏季和夏秋季的表达趋势相反,其表达水平在秋季恢复与春季相似,这一结果与附睾组织形态学结果一致。GO富集分析显示,春夏季附睾组织差异基因主要富集到免疫反应、对外部刺激的反应、精子能动性、鞭毛精子运动性、上皮细胞凋亡过程、细胞程序性死亡及细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用等通路。夏季和秋季附睾组织差异表达基因显著富集到了免疫反应、对外界刺激的反应、鞭毛精子运动的正向调节、精子能动性以及细胞死亡负调控和TNF、Th1和Th2细胞分化、Th17细胞分化、细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用等通路。基因表达趋势分析表明,夏季高表达基因包括449个在春夏季和夏秋季表达趋势相反的差异基因主要富集到免疫反应、对外部刺激的反应、程序性细胞死亡调控和凋亡调控,夏季低表达基因主要富集到胶原纤维组织和氨基酸转运等过程。综上,夏季热应激可导致长毛兔附睾组织结构损伤,繁殖、免疫和凋亡等相关基因表达谱发生变化,且这些损伤及表达谱的改变在秋季恢复。本研究为深入理解家兔“夏季不育”的分子机制提供重要理论依据。

长毛兔  /  热应激  /  季节  /  附睾  /  组织学  /  RNA-Seq

This study aimed to explore the differences in epididymal histological characteristics and gene expression profiles of Angora rabbits in spring,summer and autumn.Twelve 1-year-old male Angora rabbits with healthy body conditions and normal reproductive functions were chosen. Epididymal tissues of 4 Angora rabbits were collected in spring (no heat stress), summer (intense heat stress) and autumn (no heat stress),respectively. The histological differences of the epididymis in different seasons were compared through HE staining,and the transcriptome profiles of the epididymis tissues in different seasons were analyzed using RNA-Seq technology. Histological analysis revealed that, compared with spring,heat stress in summer resulted in atrophy of the epididymal duct,disorganized arrangement of epithelial cells,and absence of sperm. In contrast,the epididymal morphology recovered in autumn,resembling that of spring,and exhibited an abundance of sperm. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a total of 1 133 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the epididymal tissue between spring and summer,910 DEGs were detected between summer and autumn,while only 36 DEGs were detected between autumn and spring. Among them,the expression trends of 535 DEGs were opposite in spring/summer and summer/autumn groups,and their expression levels recovered in autumn and were similar to those in spring,which were consistent with the histological results of the epididymis. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs in epididymal tissue between spring and summer were mainly enriched in biological processes including immune response,response to external stimulus,sperm motility,flagellated sperm motility,epithelial cell apoptotic process,and programmed cell death,and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. DEGs in the epididymis tissue from summer and autumn were significantly enriched in biological processes including immune response,response to external stimuli,positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility,sperm motility,and negative regulation of cell death,as well as TNF,Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation,Th17 cell differentiation,and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways. Analysis of gene expression trends indicated that the highly-expressed genes in summer,including 449 differentially expressed genes with opposite expression trends between spring/summer and summer/autumn,mainly enriched in immune responses,response to external stimulus,regulation of programmed cell death and regulation of apoptotic process. The low-expression genes in summer are mainly enriched in collagen fibril organization and amino acid transport. In conclusion, heat stress during summer damaged epididymis tissue structure and changed expression profiles of genes related to reproduction,immunity and apoptosis in Angora rabbits,which recovered to normal levels in autumn. This study provided an important theoretical basis for a in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of“summer infertility”in rabbits.

Angora rabbit  /  heat stress  /  season  /  epididymis  /  histology  /  RNA-Seq
丁海生, 王源朗, 王金字, 赵辉玲, 黄冬维. 长毛兔附睾组织结构和基因表达谱随季节性的变化. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1493 -1505 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.027
Haisheng DING, Yuanlang WANG, Jinzi WANG, Huiling ZHAO, Dongwei HUANG. Seasonal Changes of the Epididymal Tissue Structure and Gene Expression Profile in Angora Rabbits[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1493 -1505 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.027
近年来,盛夏高温频发,夏季热应激对畜牧生产带来严重损失,尤其是高温高湿对畜禽繁殖产生的负面影响尤为突出[1⁃4]。家兔作为全球重要的经济动物,其繁殖性能直接关系到毛皮、肉制品及相关产业链的经济效益[5,6]。与其他动物相比,家兔功能性汗腺少,容易受到季节变化的影响[7⁃9]。夏季兔舍内高温高湿易对家兔造成热应激反应,严重影响公兔的繁殖性能[10⁃12]。季节性热应激主要发生在7、8和9月,会导致射精量和精子活力下降、精子密度降低、有效精子数减少,精子畸形率升高,甚至出现无精的现象[7,13]。
雄性哺乳动物的精子在睾丸中发生,精子发生的最佳温度比体温低2~8 ℃,阴囊温度增加1 ℃即可造成精子生成下降14%[14]。小鼠阴囊高温可引起睾丸热应激,导致无精子症和严重的睾丸组织损伤[15,16]。将小鼠的睾丸在43 ℃水浴中孵育25 min,第7天检测发现热应激引起了睾丸重量和精子密度的降低,并导致miRNA和mRNA表达谱发生变化[17]。此外,热应激也抑制睾酮分泌,直接干扰精子发生与成熟[18]。本课题组也对不同季节长毛兔睾丸的组织学和转录组学进行了研究,表明夏季热应激降低了精液品质,损坏了睾丸组织的形态,阻止精子发生,改变了睾丸组织的基因表达谱,但睾丸形态和基因表达状态会在秋季恢复[19]。
附睾主要由附睾头、附睾体和附睾尾3部分组成,是精子成熟的关键场所[20]。大多数哺乳动物的附睾紧贴于睾丸的上端和后缘置于阴囊中,悬挂于体腔之外[21]。睾丸中释放出来的精子不具备受精能力,精子进入附睾管腔微环境,才能获得运动和授精能力[22]。尽管既往研究多聚焦于睾丸生精小管结构和精子发生过程,但附睾作为精子成熟、储存及获得运动能力的关键场所,其在热应激下的响应机制尚未系统阐明。附睾功能受损可能导致精子畸形率升高、成熟障碍,甚至完全丧失授精能力。例如,高温可改变公猪附睾头的组织形态,引起附睾氧化应激反应,而饲粮中添加锌可以减少氧化应激反应,减轻热应激对附睾的损伤[23]。大鼠试验中,42 ℃水浴30 min能导致附睾早期微环境发生变化,影响精子在附睾中的成熟[24]。42 ℃热应激持续35 d使附睾精子畸形率显著上升,同时伴随附睾组织HSP70表达量下降,表明附睾对精子的保护机制被破坏[25,26]。本研究系统分析春(无热应激)、夏(强热应激)、秋(无热应激)三季中附睾的组织学变化与转录组动态,以探究热应激对附睾的不利影响,为长毛兔生产提供参考。
本试验在安徽省农业科学院长毛兔育种基地开展,选择一岁的健康且繁殖功能正常的长毛兔为试验动物。所有试验兔饲养条件相同,单笼饲养,定时定量采食,自由饮水。试验一开始采用温度计连续测量环境温度和湿度,并计算温湿度指数(THI),本试验所选试验兔以及温湿度检测与计算见本课题组前期研究[19]。
分别在春季(5月9日)、夏季(8月14日)和秋季(11月10日)各采集4只长毛兔附睾组织样品,所有采集到的附睾样品分为两份,一份组织置于4%的多聚甲醛中固定用于组织学分析,另一份组织速冻于液氮中用于转录组测序,后续以CE、XE和QE分别代表春季、夏季和秋季的附睾组织样本。
将固定好的附睾组织从4%多聚甲醛中取出,用滤纸吸干净多聚甲醛,将组织放于由低到高梯度酒精中脱水,再通过二甲苯透明处理后石蜡包埋,然后将组织块固定在切片机(RM2235,Leica)上切片,制作5~7 μm厚的石蜡切片,40 ℃温水展片,选择完整、无褶皱的组织贴于载玻片上,60 ℃烘箱烘干过夜。次日采用二甲苯脱蜡,再将制作好的切片放入由高到低梯度酒精,蒸馏水洗去酒精后用苏木素染液染色5 min,再用水漂洗数秒,1%盐酸乙醇分化1 min,蒸馏水下冲洗后,用0.6%氨水使组织切片返蓝,再用伊红染液染色2 min,最后梯度酒精脱水,二甲苯透明及中性树胶封片,用显微镜观察附睾形态结构。
使用Trizol(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,CA,USA)从附睾组织中提取总RNA,按照说明书完成操作步骤。采用NanoDrop 2000分光光度计(Thermo Scientific,Waltham,MA,USA)检测RNA的浓度及纯度,RNA的完整度由Agilent 2100生物分析仪精确检测(RIN值)。质检合格后,使用 NEBNext®UltraTM RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina®(NEB,Ipswich,MA,USA)合成cDNA,最后进行PCR扩增,纯化PCR产物,获得测序文库。采用Agilent 2100生物分析仪对构建好的文库进行质检。文库质控合格后,由广州基迪奥生物科技有限公司使用Illumina NovaSeq 6000平台完成转录组测序工作。
使用fastp(v 0.18.0)软件去除低质量、接头污染和含N比例大于10%的reads,得到高质量clean reads。使用HISAT2.2.4软件将clean reads比对到家兔参考基因组(Oryctolagus cuniculus,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/datasets/genome/GCF_009806435.1/)上,使用RSEM软件进行基因表达定量,基因表达法定量为TPM(每百万转录本)。使用DESeq2软件筛选两组间差异表达基因,筛选条件为|log2(foldchange)|>1,foldchange为差异倍数,错误发现率(FDR)<0.05。为了更好的了解差异表达基因的生物学功能,对差异基因进行GO(Gene Ontology)(http://www.geneontology.org/)和KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)(www.genome.jp/kegg/)富集分析。以校正后的P<0.05和Q≤0.05分别为GO和KEGG显著富集的阈值。
对多个样本中具有相似表达模式的基因进行聚类,通过STEM软件[27],输入所在分组样本的全部差异基因的表达量(按生物学逻辑将样品顺序排好)的文件,然后选择参数(-pro 20 -ratio 1.000 0 log2(2)=1,log2(1.5)=0.584 962 5,log2(1.2)=0.263 034 4),进行趋势分析。然后对各个趋势中的基因进行GO和KEGG功能富集分析,满足Q≤0.05条件的定义为在该趋势中显著富集的GO和KEGG。
随机筛选6个差异表达基因,以GAPDH作为内参基因,利用Primer Premier 5.0设计特异性引物(表1)。采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)进行检测,反应体系总体积为20 μL,其中,cDNA模板2 μL,2×Top Green EX-Taq Mix 10 μL,上、下游引物各0.5 μL,ddH2O 7 μL。扩增程序:94 ℃预变性30 s;94 ℃变性5 s,61 ℃退火35 s,72 ℃延伸20 s,共40个循环;熔解曲线为95 ℃ 10 s,65 ℃ 60 s,97 ℃ 1 s。
采用SPSS22.0软件比较不同样本间的均值和标准差,试验数据以“平均数±标准差”表示,用2-ΔΔCt法计算基因的相对表达量,采用t检验分析两组间的差异显著性,*.P<0.05表示差异显著,**.P<0.01表示差异极显著,并利用GraphPad Prism 8软件绘图。
春、夏和秋季长毛兔附睾组织HE染色结果表明春季与秋季附睾管完整,高柱状细胞排列整体,形态相似,且附睾管内均有大量精子(图1A、B、E、F)。而夏季附睾管稍显不规则萎缩,且上皮细胞排列紊乱,甚至出现在静纤毛层,附睾管内没有精子(图1C、D)。表明夏季热应激使长毛兔附睾的组织形态发生了变化,到秋季附睾组织形态又恢复到正常状态。
对春季、夏季和秋季共12个长毛兔附睾组织样品进行转录组测序,结果如表2所示。12个样本获得的raw reads在36 443 336~40 639 760之间,对原始数据进行质控和过滤后产生的clean reads在36 168 900~40 426 016之间,所有样本在参考基因组的总比对率在88%以上,唯一比对率在83%以上,Q30碱基百分比为93.65%~95.03%,表明测序质量好,可信度较高。对样本间进行PCA主成分分析(图2),结果表明春季和秋季的附睾样本组成相近,且差异于夏季附睾组织样本。
差异基因表达分析在春季和夏季附睾组织中共检测到了1 133个差异表达基因,其中914个基因在夏季上调表达,219个基因在夏季下调表达;在夏季和秋季的附睾组织中共检测到了910个差异表达基因,其中249个基因在秋季上调表达,661个基因在秋季下调表达,而在秋季和春季的附睾组织中仅检测了36个差异表达基因,其中14个基因在春季上调表达,22个基因在春季下调表达(图3A)。对筛选出的差异表达基因进行聚类分析,结果表明夏季热应激改变了基因表达模式,春季和秋季附睾组织中基因表达模式相似(图3B)。韦恩图分析表明春夏比对组和夏秋比对组共有535个差异表达基因(图3C),且这535个差异基因在春夏季和夏秋季的表达趋势相反,表明夏季热应激引起基因表达模式变化,而秋季基因表达水平恢复。
对差异表达基因进行GO富集分析,春季和夏季附睾组织差异表达基因显著富集到了防御反应(defense response)、免疫反应(immune response)、细胞活性(cell motility)、对外部刺激的反应(response to external stimulus)、精子能动性(sperm motility)、鞭毛精子运动性(flagellated sperm motility)、上皮细胞凋亡过程(epithelial cell apoptotic process)、细胞程序性死亡(programmed cell death)和细胞死亡(cell death)等功能(图4A)。夏季和秋季附睾组织差异基因显著富集到了免疫反应(immune response)、对外界刺激的反应(response to external stimulus)、鞭毛精子运动的正向调控(positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility)、对机械刺激的反应(response to mechanical stimulus)、精子能动性(sperm motility)、激素水平的调节(regulation of hormone levels)以及细胞死亡负调控(negative regulation of cell death)等功能(图4B)。而秋季和春季附睾组织的差异表达基因没有显著富集到繁殖以及热应激相关的生物学过程。
对差异基因进行KEGG富集分析,图5展示的是排名前20的KEGG信号通路。春季和夏季附睾组织差异表达基因显著(Q<0.05)富集到13个信号通路(图5A),包括蛋白质消化和吸收(protein digestion and absorption)、细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用(cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction)和胆固醇代谢(cholesterol metabolism)等信号通路;夏季和秋季共显著富集到35个信号通路(图5B),包括TNF(TNF signaling pathway)、Th1和Th2细胞分化(Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation)、细胞粘附分子(cell adhesion molecules)、Th17细胞分化(Th17 cell differentiation)、矿物质吸收(mineral absorption)、细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用(cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction)等;秋季和春季显著富集到12个信号通路(图5C),包括氧化磷酸化(oxidative phosphorylation)和生热作用(thermogenesis)等信号通路。
通过对春、夏、秋3个季节附睾组织的基因表达模式进行聚类,获得表达趋势一致的基因集共8个,其中数目最多的是基因集5,基因集2和6次之(图6)。基因集5中基因在夏季表达水平升高,到秋季恢复到春季表达水平;基因集2中基因在夏季表达水平降低,到秋季回升到春季表达水平;基因集6中基因在夏季表达水平较春季升高,到秋季保持不变。对每个基因集进行GO功能富集分析,表3表明基因集5大多数基因主要参与免疫反应(immune response)、对外部刺激的反应(response to external stimulus)、程序性细胞死亡调控(regulation of programmed cell death)和凋亡调控(regulation of apoptotic process)等热应激相关的生物学过程。基因集2中有较少基因显著富集到了胶原纤维组织(collagen fibril organization)、逆转录(reverse transcription)和氨基酸转运(amino acid transport)等过程。基因集6中部分基因主要富集到了细胞周期调控(regulation of cell cycle)和精子能动性(sperm motility)等生物学过程。同时,将基因集5与春夏比对组和夏秋比对组共有的535个差异表达基因进行韦恩图分析,发现基因集5中有449个差异表达基因在春夏季和夏秋季中表达趋势相反(图7)。
为进一步验证RNA-Seq数据的可靠性,随机筛选6个差异表达基因(CD74、AQP1、BSG、FLNA、MMP7和RARRES2)进行RT-qPCR验证(图8)。结果发现CD74、AQP1、FLNA、MMP7和RARRES2在夏季附睾组织中显著上调表达,到秋季又恢复到春季的表达水平,而BSG在夏季附睾组织中下调表达,到秋季表达水平回升,且显著高于夏季表达水平,以上基因在不同季节的表达水平与高通量测序结果相一致。
本研究系统揭示了季节性热应激对长毛兔附睾组织形态及基因表达谱的动态影响。组织学分析表明,夏季强热应激导致附睾管萎缩、上皮细胞排列紊乱及精子缺失,而秋季附睾形态恢复与春季相似,具有完整结构以及丰富的精子。这一现象与本课题组前期关于热应激引起长毛兔睾丸损伤的研究结果一致,共同印证了“夏季不育”的病理基础[19]。表明长毛兔生殖系统对季节性热应激具有可逆性的适应能力。
转录组分析表明,夏季热应激引起了基因表达量的变化,535个差异基因在春夏季和夏秋季的表达趋势相反,而秋季和春季附睾组织中仅检测到了36个差异表达基因,表明夏季热应激触发了广泛的转录重编程,且夏季热应激引起的基因表达模式变化在秋季基本恢复。功能富集分析显示春季与夏季差异基因富集到免疫反应(immune response)、对外部刺激的反应(response to external stimulus)、精子能动性(sperm motility)、鞭毛精子运动性(flagellated sperm motility)、上皮细胞凋亡过程(epithelial cell apoptotic process)、细胞程序性死亡(programmed cell death)和细胞死亡(cell death)等抑制精子运动能力及促凋亡生物学过程,而夏季和秋季差异基因同样富集到免疫反应(immune response)、对外界刺激的反应(response to external stimulus)、精子能动性(sperm motility),同时也富集到鞭毛精子运动的正向调节(positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility)、细胞死亡负调控(negative regulation of cell death)等正调控精子运动能力及抗凋亡等生物学过程,说明促凋亡基因在夏季显著富集,这可能直接导致附睾上皮功能受损,阻碍精子成熟,这与精子成熟过程对热应激比较敏感的结论一致[28, 29]。而抗凋亡通路在秋季恢复期激活,此时附睾功能逐渐恢复。同时,热应激显著抑制精子运动能力相关基因表达,而恢复期其表达回升,这与组织学观察到的夏季附睾组织损伤以及附睾管无精子的结果相吻合,暗示热应激可能通过激活免疫炎症通路和细胞死亡程序破坏附睾微环境。基因表达模式分析表明基因集5的表达趋势为夏季上调至秋季恢复,富集分析表明包含大量免疫/应激响应基因,说明热激诱导的炎症反应具有可逆性。尤为关键的是,449个在春vs.夏和夏vs.秋比较中表达趋势相反(夏季异常表达,秋季恢复)且来自于基因集5的基因构成了附睾热应激损伤与修复的核心基因集。基因集2的表达趋势为夏季下调至秋季恢复,主要涉及胶原组织与氨基酸转运功能,提示热应激可能影响附睾微环境稳态,但可自我修复重建。基因集6的表达趋势为夏季上调至秋季维持不变,富集分析表明主要涉及细胞周期与精子能动性的调控,暗示基因集6基因可能参与长期适应性调控。
此外,通过对差异基因KEGG分析发现,春夏季主要显著富集到蛋白质消化与吸收(protein digestion and absorption)、细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用(cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction)和胆固醇代谢(cholesterol metabolism)等信号通路。热应激会降低胆固醇含量,影响蛋白质的消化与吸收[30⁃32]。细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用通路参与调控炎症反应[33,34],可见热应激能够诱发附睾组织炎症反应,影响蛋白消化吸收和胆固醇合成。夏季和秋季同样显著富集到免疫与炎症反应相关通路,如TNF(TNF signaling pathway)[35,36]、Th1和Th2细胞分化(Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation)、Th17细胞分化(Th17 cell differentiation)和细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用(cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction)等。Th1、Th2和Th17细胞主要参与抗炎症反应[37,38],揭示免疫相关通路的富集,可能参与秋季附睾热损伤的修复。氧化磷酸化(oxidative phosphorylation)是细胞获取能量的主要代谢过程,是调控热应激反应的重要通路[39, 40]。而秋季和春季富集于氧化磷酸化等基础代谢通路,且秋季附睾形态与基因表达谱均接近春季,说明热损伤的修复较为彻底。
结合前期热应激对睾丸组织影响的研究,揭示了附睾与睾丸在夏季热应激时均表现出夏季损伤、秋季恢复的共性模式[19]。然而,附睾特异性富集于精子成熟和运动相关功能,而睾丸则更侧重于精子发生过程。
本研究通过对不同季节附睾组织学和转录组学分析,表明夏季热应激可导致长毛兔附睾组织结构损伤,并改变基因表达谱,且这些损伤及分子层面的改变在秋季均呈现可逆性恢复。鉴定出的449个核心基因为理解附睾热应激损伤与修复机制提供了关键分子靶点。研究结果深化了对家兔“夏季不育”现象中附睾功能障碍机制的认识。未来研究可聚焦于这些关键基因的功能验证及靶向调控,以提升长毛兔的夏季繁殖效率。
  • 国家兔产业技术体系(CARS-43-A-4)
  • 安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(202104a06020032)
  • 安徽省特色农业产业技术体系
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2026年第57卷第3期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.027
  • 接收时间:2025-08-07
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-03-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-07
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国家兔产业技术体系(CARS-43-A-4)
安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(202104a06020032)
安徽省特色农业产业技术体系
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    安徽省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,安徽省畜禽产品安全重点实验室,合肥 230031

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黄冬维,主要从事草食动物育种与生产相关研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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