Article(id=1307013822024278988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1756828800000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545978313, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1774195200000, pubDateStr=2026-03-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545978313, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545978313, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545978313, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013423896753139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='3', pageStart='1177', pageEnd='1776', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774195200000', pubDateStr='2026-03-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545883392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609930841, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1423, endPage=1434, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013822225605581, articleId=1307013822024278988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Genetic Parameter Estimation of Fertility Traits in Holstein Heifers and Cows in Ningxia, columnId=1307007413870158054, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to elucidate the phenotypic patterns and genetic architecture of fertility traits in Ningxia Holstein cattle, providing a theoretical basis for establishing a balanced breeding program in the region. We compiled 216 787 fertility records from 92 152 Holstein cattle across 15 farms in Ningxia during 2005—2024. Genetic parameter were estimated for 4 heifer traits and 9 cow traits (first, second, and third parities) using the AI-REML algorithm in DMU. Single-trait animal models were fitted to estimate heritability within parity, whereas bivariate models were used to get genetic and phenotypic correlations. Heifer heritabilities ranged from 0.097 0±0.008 to 0.500 9±0.012 9, with AFS the highest and CR_h the lowest. Heritability estimates for fertility traits in cows across the first, second, and third parities ranged from 0.007 6 (0.002 5) to 0.150 8 (0.011 6), 0.010 1 (0.003 4) to 0.149 9 (0.010 2), and 0.003 9 (0.005 2) to 0.137 6 (0.013 3), respectively; differences for the same trait between parities were small and consistently lower than those observed in heifers. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among heifer fertility traits ranged from -0.845 8 to 0.835 1 and from -0.550 7 to 0.908 4, respectively; the strongest negative genetic correlation (-0.845 8) was observed between CR_h and IFL_h. Within any parity, genetic and phenotypic correlations among cow fertility traits showed consistent trends, with phenotypic correlations consistently lower than genetic correlations. As parity increased, genetic correlations strengthened among DO, IFL_c, and CI, whereas BW, CS, CE and GL exhibited weak genetic correlations with other fertility traits and can be selected independently. The same fertility trait measured in adjacent parities showed high genetic correlations, indicating that it is largely controlled by the same gene, whereas the phenotypic correlations remained low, suggesting that the trait is strongly influenced by environmental factors. Fertility traits show low-to-moderate heritability in Ningxia Holstein cattle, with greater genetic variation in heifers. CR_h and IFL_h are strongly and negatively correlated and should be treated as core traits in a heifer fertility index. DO, IFL_c, and CI can be selected jointly, and multi-parity records for cow fertility traits can be combined to increase selection accuracy. This study provides scientific basis for developing a balanced breeding programs for Holstein cattle in Ningxia and facilitates the simultaneous improvement of fertility and productive performance.

, authors=Sihan MA1, Honghong HU2, Bingcheng MA1, Rina NA1, Guoshang JI1, Yun MA1, authorsList=Sihan MA, Honghong HU, Bingcheng MA, Rina NA, Guoshang JI, Yun MA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yun MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
MA Yun, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307013826113725392, articleId=1307013822024278988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=CN, title=宁夏地区荷斯坦青年牛与成母牛繁殖性状遗传参数估计, columnId=1307007414092456168, journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, columnName=遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

旨在揭示宁夏地区荷斯坦牛繁殖性状的表型规律和遗传特征,为建立宁夏地区荷斯坦牛平衡育种方案提供理论依据。本研究收集宁夏地区15个牧场2005—2024年92 152头荷斯坦牛的216 787条繁殖记录,系统估计荷斯坦青年牛4个、成母牛9个繁殖性状(一胎次、二胎次、三胎次)的遗传参数。利用DMU软件的平均信息约束最大似然法(AI-REML)模块,采用单性状动物模型分胎次估计性状遗传力,双性状动物模型估计性状间遗传相关和表型相关。结果显示,青年牛繁殖性状的遗传力为0.097 0(0.008 0)~0.500 9(0.012 9),AFS最高,CR_h最低。成母牛不同胎次繁殖性状的遗传力分别为0.007 6(0.002 5)~0.150 8(0.011 6)、0.010 1(0.003 4)~0.149 9(0.010 2)和0.003 9(0.005 2)~0.137 6(0.013 3),同一性状在不同胎次间的差异较小,且低于青年牛。青年牛繁殖性状间的遗传相关和表型相关分别为-0.845 8~0.835 1和-0.550 7~0.908 4,CR_h与IFL_h呈现最强的负遗传相关(-0.845 8)。成母牛同一胎次内,不同性状之间的遗传和表型相关趋势一致,且表型相关低于遗传相关。随着胎次的增加,DO、IFL_c及CI三者间的遗传相关性越强,而BW、CS、CE、GL与其他繁殖性状的遗传相关较弱,可独立选择。成母牛相邻胎次同一繁殖性状表现出高的遗传相关,提示可能受相同基因的调控;表型相关则始终较低,说明繁殖性状易受环境影响。宁夏地区荷斯坦牛繁殖性状呈低至中等遗传力,青年牛遗传变异更大。CR_h与IFL_h强负相关,应作为青年牛繁殖指数的核心性状。DO、IFL_c、CI可联合选育。此外,成母牛繁殖性状可进行多胎次信息合并评估,以提高选择准确性。本研究为制定宁夏地区荷斯坦牛平衡育种方案提供了科学依据,有助于实现繁殖性状与其他生产性能的协同改良。

, authors=马思涵1, 虎红红2, 马冰成1, 娜日娜1, 冀国尚1, 马云1, authorsList=马思涵, 虎红红, 马冰成, 娜日娜, 冀国尚, 马云, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=马云, authorNote=

马思涵,硕士,主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:

马思涵与虎红红为同等贡献作者

虎红红,讲师,博士,主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
马云,主要从事生物技术与牛遗传育种研究,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=7v9z4KcxdSIi1g84NLQ3DA==, magXml=NpLQ9zOkA7h5pfXm4YXpyg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=nHdut5sdDNfk4ONZvS0u5A==, pdfFileSize=557144, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=+2V0S+L+ZRP9ke1vWEfzDQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1307281476400210480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307281476479902258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281476400210480, language=EN, stringName=Sihan MA, firstName=Sihan, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307281476572176947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281476400210480, language=CN, stringName=马思涵, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021, bio={"content":"

马思涵与虎红红为同等贡献作者

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

马思涵与虎红红为同等贡献作者

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281476211466793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476219855402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476228244011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021)])]), Author(id=1307281476643480117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=h918622@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307281476744143415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281476643480117, language=EN, stringName=Honghong HU, firstName=Honghong, middleName=null, lastName=HU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.College of Life Sciences,Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307281476807057976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281476643480117, language=CN, stringName=虎红红, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.延安大学生命科学学院,延安 716000, bio={"content":"

虎红红,讲师,博士,主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

虎红红,讲师,博士,主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281476312130092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476316324397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476312130092, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Life Sciences,Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476324713006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476312130092, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.延安大学生命科学学院,延安 716000)])]), Author(id=1307281476874166842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307281476945470012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281476874166842, language=EN, stringName=Bingcheng MA, firstName=Bingcheng, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307281477020967485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281476874166842, language=CN, stringName=马冰成, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281476211466793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476219855402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476228244011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021)])]), Author(id=1307281477083882047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307281477180351041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281477083882047, language=EN, stringName=Rina NA, firstName=Rina, middleName=null, lastName=NA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307281477264237122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281477083882047, language=CN, stringName=娜日娜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281476211466793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476219855402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476228244011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021)])]), Author(id=1307281477335540292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307281477411037766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281477335540292, language=EN, stringName=Guoshang JI, firstName=Guoshang, middleName=null, lastName=JI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307281477478146631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281477335540292, language=CN, stringName=冀国尚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281476211466793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476219855402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476228244011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021)])]), Author(id=1307281477545255497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=mayun_666@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307281477637530187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281477545255497, language=EN, stringName=Yun MA, firstName=Yun, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307281477700444748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281477545255497, language=CN, stringName=马云, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281476211466793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476219855402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476228244011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1307281477872411213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=dairy cattle), Keyword(id=1307281477939520078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=reproductive traits), Keyword(id=1307281478002434639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=animal models), Keyword(id=1307281478082126416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=heritability), Keyword(id=1307281478153429585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=genetic correlation), Keyword(id=1307281478228927058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=奶牛), Keyword(id=1307281478296035923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=繁殖性状), Keyword(id=1307281478371533396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=动物模型), Keyword(id=1307281478447030869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=遗传力), Keyword(id=1307281478543499862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=遗传相关)], refs=[Reference(id=1307281481764725355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SCHMIDTMANN C,THALLER G,KARGO M,et al.Derivation of economic values for German dairy breeds by means of a bio-economic model-with special emphasis on functional traits[J].J Dairy Sci,2021,104(3):3144-3157. DOI:10.3168/jds.2019-17635, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281481869582956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王子晨,张 娜,张琬婷,等.荷斯坦牛日反刍时间和产奶量的影响因素分析及遗传参数估计[J].畜牧兽医学报,2025,56(3):1180-1188. DOI:10.3168/jds.2025-27826, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281481936691821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Z C,ZHANG N,ZHANG W T,et al.Analysis of influencing factors and estimation of genetic parameters on daily rumination time and daily milk yield in Holstein cows[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2025,56(3):1180-1188.(in Chinese). DOI:10.3168/jds.2025-27826, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281482012189294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吕昕哲,齐 格,赵和平,等.奶牛繁殖性状的影响因素及其研究进展[J].中国畜禽种业,2023,19(9):41-45. DOI:10.3724/sp.j.1096.2012.11290, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281482091881071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LV X Z,QI G,ZHAO H P,et al.Factors influencing dairy cow reproductive traits and research advances[J].The Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding,2023,19(9):41-45.(in Chinese). DOI:10.3724/sp.j.1096.2012.11290, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281482154795632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU K,LI T W,LIU D Y,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters for fertility traits in Chinese Holstein of south China[J].Front Genet,2024,14:1288375. DOI:10.3389/fgene.2023.1288375, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281482255458929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PRYCE J E,COFFEY M P,BROTHERSTONE S.The genetic relationship between calving interval,body condition score and linear type and management traits in registered Holsteins[J].J Dairy Sci,2000,83(11):2664-2671. DOI:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(00)75160-5, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281482335150706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张俊星,盛 辉,韩丽云,等.泌乳牛健康问题对奶牛重要经济性状的影响分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2025,56(5):2203-2218. DOI:10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.5-10, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281482389676659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG J X,SHENG H,HAN L Y,et al.The impact of health events on important economic traits in Holstein lactating cows[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2025,56(5):2203-2218.(in Chinese). DOI:10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.5-10, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281482465174132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵新春.热应激下奶牛激素调控策略及其应用效果分析[J].中国乳业,2025,(8):8-14. DOI:10.3168/jds.2019-17929, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281482523894389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO X C.Regulation strategies and application effects of hormones in dairy cows under heat stress[J].China Dairy,2025,(8):8-14.(in Chinese). DOI:10.3168/jds.2019-17929, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281482599391862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李 欣,周靖航,温 万,等.宁夏地区荷斯坦奶牛遗传参数估计[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(6):1754-1761. DOI:10.1002/vms3.70340/v2/decision1, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281482666500727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI X,ZHOU J H,WEN W,et al.The estimation of genetic parameters of Holstein dairy cows in Ningxia Region[J].China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(6):1754-1761.(in Chinese). DOI:10.1002/vms3.70340/v2/decision1, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281482737803896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁小军,王建东,马吉锋,等.宁夏奶牛不同饲养模式下多发性疾病发病情况调查[J].宁夏农林科技,2012,53(4):63-65. DOI:10.25165/j.ijabe.20241706.8821, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281482800718457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG X J,WANG J D,MA J F,et al.Investigation of incidence of cows’frequent diseases at different breeding patterns in Ningxia[J].Ningxia Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Science and technology,2012,53(4):63-65.(in Chinese). DOI:10.25165/j.ijabe.20241706.8821, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281482876215930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROELOFS J,LOPEZ-GATIUS F,HUNTER R H F,et al.When is a cow in estrus? Clinical and practical aspects[J].Theriogenology,2010,74(3):327-344. DOI:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.02.016, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281482951713403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=师 睿,苏国生,陈紫薇,等.中国荷斯坦牛繁殖性状的基因组预测效果比较[J].畜牧兽医学报,2022,53(9):2944-2954. DOI:10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.46-54, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281483018822268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHI R,SU G S,CHEN Z W,et al.Comparisons of genomic predictions for fertility traits in Chinese Holstein cattle[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2022,53(9):2944-2954.(in Chinese). DOI:10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.46-54, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281483085931133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=栗敏杰.河南地区荷斯坦牛功能性状和生产性状的遗传评估体系建立[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2020. DOI:10.30919/es1614, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281483161428606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI M J.Establishment of genetic evaluation system for functional and productive traits of Holstein in Henan Province [D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2020.(in Chinese). DOI:10.30919/es1614, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281483220148863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JAMROZIK J,FATEGI J,KISTEMAKER G J,et al.Estimates of genetic parameters for Canadian Holstein female reproduction traits[J].J Dairy Sci,2005,88(6):2199-2208. DOI:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72895-2, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281483287257728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DU B Q,HU H H,ZHANG J X,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters of Holstein calf survival[J].Trop Anim Health Prod,2024,56(1):44. DOI:10.1007/s11250-023-03874-z, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281483337589377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=师 睿,李珊珊,张海亮,等.中国荷斯坦牛繁殖性状的基因型与环境互作[J].畜牧兽医学报,2024,55(9):3968-3977. DOI:10.14264/0745c1c, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281483396309634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHI R,LI S S,ZHANG H L,et al.Genotype by environment interaction of fertility traits for the Holstein cattle in China[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2024,55(9):3968-3977.(in Chinese). DOI:10.14264/0745c1c, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281483476001411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈紫薇,师 睿,罗汉鹏,等.宁夏地区荷斯坦牛青年牛繁殖性状遗传参数估计[J].畜牧兽医学报,2021,52(2):344-351. DOI:10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.55-60, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281485170500228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Z W,SHI R,LUO H P,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters of reproductive traits of Holstein in heifers in Ningxia[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2021,52(2):344-351.(in Chinese). DOI:10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.55-60, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281485258580613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘澳星.奶牛繁殖性状遗传参数估计与基因组预测[D].北京:中国农业大学,2018. DOI:10.3920/9789086866571_014, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281485334078086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU A X.Estimation of genetic parameters and genomic prediction for female fertility traits in dairy cattle [D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese). DOI:10.3920/9789086866571_014, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281485392798343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MORALES-PINEYRUA J T,FARINA S R,MENDOZA A.Effects of parity on productive,reproductive,metabolic and hormonal responses of Holstein cows[J].Anim Reprod Sci,2018,191:9-21. DOI:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.01.017, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281485480878728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨桐桐,张海亮,王 澳,等.荷斯坦牛产后首次发情表现性状遗传参数估计[J].畜牧兽医学报,2024,55(11):5050-5058. DOI:10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.55-60, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281485568959113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG T T,ZHANG H L,WANG A,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters for first estrus expression traits in Holstein cattle[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2024,55(11):5050-5058.(in Chinese). DOI:10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.55-60, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281485669622410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭翔羽,郭 刚,李锡智,等.北京地区荷斯坦青年牛繁殖性状影响因素分析[J].中国奶牛,2011,(24):1-6. DOI:10.3168/jds.2024-25121, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281485753508491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO X Y,GUO G,LI X Z,et al.Analysis of causal factors on reproduction traits for Holstein heifers in Beijing Area[J].China Dairy Cattle,2011,(24):1-6.(in Chinese). DOI:10.3168/jds.2024-25121, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281485841588876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EGHBALSAIED S.Estimation of genetic parameters for 13 female fertility indices in Holstein dairy cows[J].Trop Anim Health Prod,2011,43(4):811-816. DOI:10.1007/s11250-010-9767-z, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281485942252173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ABE H,MASUDA Y,SUZUKI M.Relationships between reproductive traits of heifers and cows and yield traits for Holsteins in Japan[J].J Dairy Sci,2009,92(8):4055-4062. DOI:10.3168/jds.2008-1896, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281486009361038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AYALEW W,ALIY M,NEGUSSIE E.Estimation of genetic parameters of the productive and reproductive traits in Ethiopian Holstein using multi-trait models[J].Asian-Australas J Anim Sci,2017,30(11):1550-1556. DOI:10.5713/ajas.17.0198, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281486110024335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=虎红红.荷斯坦牛长寿性状的遗传基础及基因组选择研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2023. DOI:10.1016/j.animal.2023.100851, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281486206493328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU H H.Genetic basis and genomic selection of longevity traits in Holstein cattle[D].Yinchuan:Ningxia University,2023.(in Chinese). DOI:10.1016/j.animal.2023.100851, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281486265213585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄越川,张海亮,徐 伟,等.宁夏地区奶牛体型外貌性状遗传参数估计[J].中国畜牧兽医,2024,51(7):2908-2922. DOI:10.22271/veterinary.2022.v7.i4a.430, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281486323933842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG Y C,ZHANG H L,XU W,et al.Genetic parameters for conformation traits of dairy cattle in Ningxia[J].China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2024,51(7):2908-2922.(in Chinese). DOI:10.22271/veterinary.2022.v7.i4a.430, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281486399431315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=母 童,虎红红,冯小芳,等.宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状的遗传参数估计和主成分分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2021,52(4):954-966. DOI:10.15414/afz.2024.27.04.379-386, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281486458151572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MU T,HU H H,FENG X F,et al.Genetic parameter estimates and principal component analysis for udder traits of Holstein cattle in Ningxia[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2021,52(4):954-966.(in Chinese). DOI:10.15414/afz.2024.27.04.379-386, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281486529454741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MUUTTORANTA K,TYRISEVA A,MANTYSAARI E A,et al.Genetic parameters for female fertility in Nordic Holstein and Red cattle dairy breeds[J].J Dairy Sci,2019,102(9):8184-8196. DOI:10.3168/jds.2018-15858, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281486592369302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孟 源,呙明鹏,王 元,等.朔州地区某奶牛场中国荷斯坦青年牛繁殖性状遗传参数估计[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2022,(22):58-64. DOI:10.3923/javaa.2012.3132.3139, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281486655283863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENG Y,GUO M P,WANG Y,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters for reproductive traits of Chinese Holstein heifers in a dairy farm in Shuozhou[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2022,(22):58-64.(in Chinese). DOI:10.3923/javaa.2012.3132.3139, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281486730781336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孟 源.山西朔州地区荷斯坦牛产奶性状和繁殖性状遗传分析[D].晋中:山西农业大学,2022. DOI:10.4148/2378-5977.3019, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281486789501593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENG Y.Genetic analysis of milk production and reproductive traits of Holstein herds in Shuozhou area of Shanxi Province [D].Jinzhong:Shanxi Agricultural University,2022.(in Chinese). DOI:10.4148/2378-5977.3019, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281486852416154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=代 旭.江苏地区荷斯坦牛肛阴距离特征及其对繁殖性能的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2023. DOI:10.46234/ccdcw2023.074, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281486923719323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAI X.Characteristics of anogenital distance and it’s effects on Holstein cattle in Jiangsu Province [D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2023.(in Chinese). DOI:10.46234/ccdcw2023.074, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281486995022492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Z,JAITNER J,REINHARDT F,et al.Genetic evaluation of fertility traits of dairy cattle using a multiple-trait animal model[J].J Dairy Sci,2008,91(11):4333-4343. DOI:10.3168/jds.2008-1029, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281487057937053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GONZALEZ-RECIO O,ALENDA R.Genetic parameters for female fertility traits and a fertility index in Spanish dairy cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2005,88(9):3282-3289. DOI:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)73011-3, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281487129240222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=STRANDBERG E,BROTHERSTONE S,WALL E,et al.Genotype by environment interaction for first-lactation female fertility traits in UK dairy cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2009,92(7):3437-3446. DOI:10.3168/jds.2008-1844, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281487208931999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZINK V,STIPKOVA M,LASSEN J.Genetic parameters for female fertility,locomotion,body condition score,and linear type traits in Czech Holstein cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2011,94(10):5176-5182. DOI:10.3168/jds.2010-3644, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281487284429472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OTWINOWSKA-MINDUR A,PTAK E,JAGUSIAK W,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters for female fertility traits in the polish Holstein-Friesian Population[J].Animals (Basel),2022,12(12):1485. DOI:10.3390/ani12121485, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281487355732641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=再娜古丽·君居列克,黄锡霞,周靖航,等.中国荷斯坦牛成母牛繁殖性状的遗传参数估计[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(4):55-58. DOI:10.1002/vms3.70340/v2/review1, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281487422841506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JUNJULIEKE Z,HUANG X X,ZHOU J H,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters of reproductive traits in Chinese Holstein cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2017,53(4):55-58.(in Chinese). DOI:10.1002/vms3.70340/v2/review1, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281487506727587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=施雪奎,武秀香,毛永江,等.中国荷斯坦牛不同胎次繁殖性能的变化分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011,(1):31-33. DOI:10.1016/j.vas.2024.100421, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281487590613668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHI X K,WU X X,MAO Y J,et al.Analysis of changes in reproductive performance of Chinese Holstein cows across parities[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2011,(1):31-33.(in Chinese). DOI:10.1016/j.vas.2024.100421, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281487657722533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张启钧.整合荟萃分析与多组学技术挖掘奶牛繁殖性状候选基因[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2025. DOI:10.3390/genes15010012, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281487741608614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Q J.Integrating meta-analysis and multi-omicstechniques to excavate candidate genes for reproductive traits in dairy cattle [D].Daqing:Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,2025.(in Chinese). DOI:10.3390/genes15010012, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281487808717479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王子昂,王逢博,张 超,等.宁夏地区奶牛产后酮病对生产性能的影响[J].动物医学进展,2025,46(8):25-32. DOI:10.1515/jvetres-2017-0011, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281487880020648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Z A,WANG F B,ZHANG C,et al.Effects of postpartum ketosis on production performance of dairy cows in Ningxia Region[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2025,46(8):25-32.(in Chinese). DOI:10.1515/jvetres-2017-0011, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281487968101033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEE J G,SEO J,ALAM M,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters for reproductive traits in Korean dairy cattle[J].Anim Biosci,2025,38(1):33-40. DOI:10.5713/ab.24.0455, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307281481223660133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, awardId=CARS-36, language=CN, fundingSource=国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-36), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307281481286574694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, awardId=2025BBF01008, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2025BBF01008), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307281481357877863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, awardId=2023BCF01006, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2023BCF01006), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307281481454346856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, awardId=YDZX2022153, language=CN, fundingSource=高产奶牛核心育种群自主培育与示范应用(YDZX2022153), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307281481525650025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, awardId=2025JC-YBQN-308, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2025JC-YBQN-308), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307281481596953194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, awardId=YDBK2024-25, language=CN, fundingSource=博士科学研究启动项目(YDBK2024-25), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281476211466793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476219855402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476228244011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307281476312130092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476316324397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476312130092, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Life Sciences,Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476324713006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476312130092, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.延安大学生命科学学院,延安 716000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307281478736437847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Descriptive statistics of fertility traits in Holstein cows across different parities in Ningxia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

性状

Trait

胎次

Parity

数据量

Number

平均值

Mean

标准差

SD

变异系数

CV

最小值

Min

最大值

Max

AFS/d164 423455.47476.0360.167270896
AFC/d161 628751.87488.3480.1175021 100
CR_h164 6850.5710.4950.86701
IFL_h/d164 60524.14245.1381.8700400
BW/kg153 08636.4034.8770.1342060
234 20339.3065.5390.1412060
320 21139.7365.8720.1482060
CI/d246 631396.26876.8720.1942801 567
327 299399.22872.7670.1822801 090
CR_c157 4050.2720.4451.63701
240 6190.2430.4291.76401
322 7220.2230.4161.86801
DO/d136 617117.35767.7760.57827450
226 311122.19468.6490.56224450
314 110125.64569.2260.55123448
CS170 0610.9080.2890.31901
246 8110.9410.2360.25101
327 1310.9340.2490.26701
CE160 4881.1620.5280.45515
241 1321.0950.4010.36615
324 9891.1030.4170.37815
ICF/d155 18671.57111.2220.15720225
230 45969.99710.1670.14520196
316 52070.43410.2590.14620207
IFL_c/d136 60646.97867.5541.4380400
226 32054.02468.8351.2740400
314 10957.19369.4211.2140400
GL/d166 240274.1306.2250.027240310
245 271275.3326.5120.024240310
326 435275.6826.5690.024240310
), ArticleFig(id=1307281480024089176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

宁夏地区不同胎次荷斯坦牛繁殖性状的描述性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

性状

Trait

胎次

Parity

数据量

Number

平均值

Mean

标准差

SD

变异系数

CV

最小值

Min

最大值

Max

AFS/d164 423455.47476.0360.167270896
AFC/d161 628751.87488.3480.1175021 100
CR_h164 6850.5710.4950.86701
IFL_h/d164 60524.14245.1381.8700400
BW/kg153 08636.4034.8770.1342060
234 20339.3065.5390.1412060
320 21139.7365.8720.1482060
CI/d246 631396.26876.8720.1942801 567
327 299399.22872.7670.1822801 090
CR_c157 4050.2720.4451.63701
240 6190.2430.4291.76401
322 7220.2230.4161.86801
DO/d136 617117.35767.7760.57827450
226 311122.19468.6490.56224450
314 110125.64569.2260.55123448
CS170 0610.9080.2890.31901
246 8110.9410.2360.25101
327 1310.9340.2490.26701
CE160 4881.1620.5280.45515
241 1321.0950.4010.36615
324 9891.1030.4170.37815
ICF/d155 18671.57111.2220.15720225
230 45969.99710.1670.14520196
316 52070.43410.2590.14620207
IFL_c/d136 60646.97867.5541.4380400
226 32054.02468.8351.2740400
314 10957.19369.4211.2140400
GL/d166 240274.1306.2250.027240310
245 271275.3326.5120.024240310
326 435275.6826.5690.024240310
), ArticleFig(id=1307281480120558169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Heritability of fertility traits in Holstein heifers and cows across different parities in Ningxia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

胎次

Parity

性状

Trait

加性方差

Additive variance

残差方差

Residualvariance

表型方差

Phenotype variance

遗传力

Heritability

标准误

Standarderror

青年牛HeiferAFS141.922 2141.430 7283.352 80.500 90.012 9
AFC404.265 91 259.899 91 664.165 80.242 90.010 9
CR_h0.019 40.180 90.200 30.097 00.008 0
IFL_h242.149 11 274.303 01 516.452 20.159 70.009 3

一胎次

First parity

BW2.959 116.662 819.621 90.150 80.011 6
CR_c0.001 30.174 80.176 20.007 60.002 5
DO58.260 14 141.114 74 199.374 70.013 90.004 1
CS0.002 10.078 30.080 40.026 40.004 1
CE0.014 00.231 90.245 90.056 90.006 4
ICF5.038 393.744 998.783 20.051 00.006 8
IFL_c50.947 74 114.088 24 165.035 80.012 20.003 9
GL2.810 827.989 430.800 20.091 30.008 1

二胎次

Second parity

BW2.847 322.431 625.278 90.112 60.011 7
CI454.663 92 579.480 13 034.144 00.149 90.010 2
CR_c0.003 20.165 80.169 00.019 00.004 6
DO105.888 34 476.228 24 582.116 50.023 10.006 6
CS0.000 50.053 50.054 00.010 10.003 4
CE0.005 60.147 90.153 40.036 30.006 2
ICF2.000 676.760 578.761 10.025 40.005 6
IFL_c88.522 44 471.001 94 559.524 30.019 40.006 2
GL1.894 232.692 334.586 40.054 80.007 2

三胎次

Third parity

BW2.228 626.125 528.354 10.078 60.013 3
CI490.428 53 073.025 73 563.454 20.137 60.013 3
CR_c0.001 20.161 70.162 90.007 40.004 7
DO19.218 34 435.810 44 455.028 70.004 30.005 3
CS0.000 40.059 10.059 40.005 90.003 5
CE0.005 70.163 60.169 30.033 60.007 6
ICF1.415 179.120 080.535 00.017 60.006 9
IFL_c17.051 74 414.020 04 431.071 80.003 90.005 2
GL2.430 931.921 234.352 10.070 80.010 3
), ArticleFig(id=1307281480191861338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

宁夏地区荷斯坦青年牛与不同胎次成母牛繁殖性状的遗传力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

胎次

Parity

性状

Trait

加性方差

Additive variance

残差方差

Residualvariance

表型方差

Phenotype variance

遗传力

Heritability

标准误

Standarderror

青年牛HeiferAFS141.922 2141.430 7283.352 80.500 90.012 9
AFC404.265 91 259.899 91 664.165 80.242 90.010 9
CR_h0.019 40.180 90.200 30.097 00.008 0
IFL_h242.149 11 274.303 01 516.452 20.159 70.009 3

一胎次

First parity

BW2.959 116.662 819.621 90.150 80.011 6
CR_c0.001 30.174 80.176 20.007 60.002 5
DO58.260 14 141.114 74 199.374 70.013 90.004 1
CS0.002 10.078 30.080 40.026 40.004 1
CE0.014 00.231 90.245 90.056 90.006 4
ICF5.038 393.744 998.783 20.051 00.006 8
IFL_c50.947 74 114.088 24 165.035 80.012 20.003 9
GL2.810 827.989 430.800 20.091 30.008 1

二胎次

Second parity

BW2.847 322.431 625.278 90.112 60.011 7
CI454.663 92 579.480 13 034.144 00.149 90.010 2
CR_c0.003 20.165 80.169 00.019 00.004 6
DO105.888 34 476.228 24 582.116 50.023 10.006 6
CS0.000 50.053 50.054 00.010 10.003 4
CE0.005 60.147 90.153 40.036 30.006 2
ICF2.000 676.760 578.761 10.025 40.005 6
IFL_c88.522 44 471.001 94 559.524 30.019 40.006 2
GL1.894 232.692 334.586 40.054 80.007 2

三胎次

Third parity

BW2.228 626.125 528.354 10.078 60.013 3
CI490.428 53 073.025 73 563.454 20.137 60.013 3
CR_c0.001 20.161 70.162 90.007 40.004 7
DO19.218 34 435.810 44 455.028 70.004 30.005 3
CS0.000 40.059 10.059 40.005 90.003 5
CE0.005 70.163 60.169 30.033 60.007 6
ICF1.415 179.120 080.535 00.017 60.006 9
IFL_c17.051 74 414.020 04 431.071 80.003 90.005 2
GL2.430 931.921 234.352 10.070 80.010 3
), ArticleFig(id=1307281480263164507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Genetic correlations and phenotypic correlations among fertility traits in Holstein heifers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状 TraitAFCAFSCR_hIFL_h
AFC0.550 4-0.692 00.835 1
AFS0.427 20.177 3-0.367 5
CR_h-0.487 60.126 0-0.845 8
IFL_h0.908 4-0.538 1-0.550 7
), ArticleFig(id=1307281480347050588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

荷斯坦青年牛繁殖性状间遗传相关和表型相关

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状 TraitAFCAFSCR_hIFL_h
AFC0.550 4-0.692 00.835 1
AFS0.427 20.177 3-0.367 5
CR_h-0.487 60.126 0-0.845 8
IFL_h0.908 4-0.538 1-0.550 7
), ArticleFig(id=1307281480414159453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Genetic correlations and phenotypic correlations among fertility traits of first-parity Holstein cattle

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状TraitBWCR_cDOCSCEICFIFL_cGL
BW-0.201 00.301 30.383 60.053 00.010 00.320 80.511 7
CR_c-0.006 4-0.700 00.272 4-0.245 5-0.096 9-0.768 80.135 2
DO0.023 3-0.528 9-0.076 50.218 60.708 70.964 2-0.250 9
CS0.284 90.029 7-0.034 9-0.553 30.026 6-0.065 90.435 6
CE0.076 1-0.020 90.017 7-0.226 70.135 10.270 0-0.037 7
ICF0.021 1-0.034 40.176 30.002 80.016 60.401 6-0.059 4
IFL_c0.019 8-0.533 00.985 9-0.036 90.016 90.024 9-0.199 9
GL0.390 40.000 2-0.003 00.234 40.011 0-0.007 2-0.004 2
), ArticleFig(id=1307281480514822750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

一胎次荷斯坦成母牛繁殖性状间遗传相关和表型相关

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状TraitBWCR_cDOCSCEICFIFL_cGL
BW-0.201 00.301 30.383 60.053 00.010 00.320 80.511 7
CR_c-0.006 4-0.700 00.272 4-0.245 5-0.096 9-0.768 80.135 2
DO0.023 3-0.528 9-0.076 50.218 60.708 70.964 2-0.250 9
CS0.284 90.029 7-0.034 9-0.553 30.026 6-0.065 90.435 6
CE0.076 1-0.020 90.017 7-0.226 70.135 10.270 0-0.037 7
ICF0.021 1-0.034 40.176 30.002 80.016 60.401 6-0.059 4
IFL_c0.019 8-0.533 00.985 9-0.036 90.016 90.024 9-0.199 9
GL0.390 40.000 2-0.003 00.234 40.011 0-0.007 2-0.004 2
), ArticleFig(id=1307281480594514527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Genetic correlations and phenotypic correlations among fertility traits of second-parity Holstein cattle

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状TraitBWCICR_cDOCSCEICFIFL_cGL
BW0.184 00.013 40.190 40.164 80.335 70.153 00.185 70.577 7
CI0.062 0-0.321 70.512 70.013 90.295 10.254 50.536 40.162 0
CR_c-0.006 8-0.041 1-0.855 40.227 6-0.255 9-0.131 4-0.881 60.030 8
DO0.021 20.050 0-0.536 7-0.012 20.192 50.591 10.990 4-0.000 2
CS0.358 70.034 30.021 3-0.013 8-0.081 0-0.075 0-0.068 80.184 9
CE0.018 30.035 7-0.016 70.014 6-0.176 30.007 50.217 1-0.020 5
ICF0.022 50.040 70.002 40.139 70.008 90.018 30.452 60.015 5
IFL_c0.017 30.044 8-0.544 00.989 1-0.014 30.014 20.006 3-0.039 9
GL0.454 40.093 20.008 5-0.005 30.342 5-0.011 00.013 6-0.010 0
), ArticleFig(id=1307281480724537952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

二胎次荷斯坦成母牛繁殖性状间遗传相关和表型相关

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状TraitBWCICR_cDOCSCEICFIFL_cGL
BW0.184 00.013 40.190 40.164 80.335 70.153 00.185 70.577 7
CI0.062 0-0.321 70.512 70.013 90.295 10.254 50.536 40.162 0
CR_c-0.006 8-0.041 1-0.855 40.227 6-0.255 9-0.131 4-0.881 60.030 8
DO0.021 20.050 0-0.536 7-0.012 20.192 50.591 10.990 4-0.000 2
CS0.358 70.034 30.021 3-0.013 8-0.081 0-0.075 0-0.068 80.184 9
CE0.018 30.035 7-0.016 70.014 6-0.176 30.007 50.217 1-0.020 5
ICF0.022 50.040 70.002 40.139 70.008 90.018 30.452 60.015 5
IFL_c0.017 30.044 8-0.544 00.989 1-0.014 30.014 20.006 3-0.039 9
GL0.454 40.093 20.008 5-0.005 30.342 5-0.011 00.013 6-0.010 0
), ArticleFig(id=1307281480821006945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Genetic correlations and phenotypic correlations among fertility traits of third-parity Holstein cattle

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状TraitBWCICR_cDOCSCEICFIFL_cGL
BW0.238 3-0.592 10.224 90.301 00.362 70.117 30.157 50.559 2
CI0.059 6-0.548 60.818 70.193 60.278 80.080 10.830 20.088 4
CR_c0.002 9-0.027 0-1.000 00.492 7-0.233 40.142 4-0.826 00.042 0
DO-0.007 80.043 9-0.535 1-0.727 3-0.402 20.353 20.937 0-0.552 7
CS0.343 60.035 50.031 5-0.030 9-0.405 80.023 8-0.86030.748 9
CE0.009 10.032 7-0.029 00.029 5-0.161 0-0.627 6-0.353 0-0.043 9
ICF0.021 40.046 0-0.002 40.133 60.008 90.002 60.122 9-0.069 4
IFL_c-0.011 70.034 5-0.543 30.988 1-0.028 50.025 5-0.004 0-0.566 1
GL0.492 50.076 30.010 3-0.007 10.332 8-0.008 70.022 4-0.011 0
), ArticleFig(id=1307281480917475938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

三胎次荷斯坦成母牛繁殖性状间遗传相关和表型相关

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状TraitBWCICR_cDOCSCEICFIFL_cGL
BW0.238 3-0.592 10.224 90.301 00.362 70.117 30.157 50.559 2
CI0.059 6-0.548 60.818 70.193 60.278 80.080 10.830 20.088 4
CR_c0.002 9-0.027 0-1.000 00.492 7-0.233 40.142 4-0.826 00.042 0
DO-0.007 80.043 9-0.535 1-0.727 3-0.402 20.353 20.937 0-0.552 7
CS0.343 60.035 50.031 5-0.030 9-0.405 80.023 8-0.86030.748 9
CE0.009 10.032 7-0.029 00.029 5-0.161 0-0.627 6-0.353 0-0.043 9
ICF0.021 40.046 0-0.002 40.133 60.008 90.002 60.122 9-0.069 4
IFL_c-0.011 70.034 5-0.543 30.988 1-0.028 50.025 5-0.004 0-0.566 1
GL0.492 50.076 30.010 3-0.007 10.332 8-0.008 70.022 4-0.011 0
), ArticleFig(id=1307281480988779107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Genetic correlation and phenotypic correlations of the same fertility trait across different parities in Holstein cattle

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状 TraitBWCR_cDOCSCEICFIFL_cGLCI
ra1,a20.891 70.999 80.693 60.190 40.730 80.696 60.990 80.931 4
ra1,a30.917 00.999 80.999 70.806 00.344 30.885 70.996 90.883 7
ra2,a30.972 80.999 50.998 40.999 80.999 80.966 51.000 00.972 20.997 5
rp1,p20.168 50.024 00.048 70.026 80.110 30.066 00.033 80.128 7
rp1,p30.155 20.031 20.038 20.030 60.030 30.034 10.036 60.114 2
rp2,p30.193 20.032 00.057 10.041 60.087 80.077 40.041 50.150 60.061 2
), ArticleFig(id=1307281481072665188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

荷斯坦成母牛同一性状不同胎次间遗传相关和表型相关

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状 TraitBWCR_cDOCSCEICFIFL_cGLCI
ra1,a20.891 70.999 80.693 60.190 40.730 80.696 60.990 80.931 4
ra1,a30.917 00.999 80.999 70.806 00.344 30.885 70.996 90.883 7
ra2,a30.972 80.999 50.998 40.999 80.999 80.966 51.000 00.972 20.997 5
rp1,p20.168 50.024 00.048 70.026 80.110 30.066 00.033 80.128 7
rp1,p30.155 20.031 20.038 20.030 60.030 30.034 10.036 60.114 2
rp2,p30.193 20.032 00.057 10.041 60.087 80.077 40.041 50.150 60.061 2
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1306267422417846359, delFlag=0, nameCn=畜牧兽医学报, nameEn=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0366-6964, eissn=null, cn=11-1985/S, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=lkbuTWCUJ7iVBIRfH50Jkw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1789368022782, updatedTime=1789370363065, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=X, firstLetterEn=X, subjectCode=Agriculture, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Agriculture, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=lkbuTWCUJ7iVBIRfH50Jkw==, picEn=lpjFQiQXDp8Dj5mnLAs9og==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1306277238341656590, language=CN, name=畜牧兽医学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1789370363078, updatedTime=1789370363078, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.xmsyxb.com/JournalX_xmsy/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.xmsyxb.com/JournalX_xmsy/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.xmsyxb.com/JournalX_xmsy/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1306277238396182543, language=EN, name=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1789370363091, updatedTime=1789370363091, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.xmsyxb.com/JournalX_xmsy/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.xmsyxb.com/JournalX_xmsy/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.xmsyxb.com/JournalX_xmsy/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1306274286668972124, websiteList=[Website(id=1306284065666130885, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1306274286668972124, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1789371990840, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1789373819393, updateBy=18614031015, name=畜牧兽医学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=畜牧兽医学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1306291866169790796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1789373850624, updateTime=1789373850624, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866144624969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1789373850618, updateTime=1789373850618, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866186568015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373850628, updateTime=1789373850628, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866136236360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=UW9FSLxGySpUV3G8KWC+Vw==, createTime=1789373850616, updateTime=1789373850616, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866203345233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373850632, updateTime=1789373850632, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866161402187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1789373850622, updateTime=1789373850622, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866194956624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373850630, updateTime=1789373850630, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866153013578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1789373850620, updateTime=1789373850620, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866173985101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1789373850625, updateTime=1789373850625, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866182373710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1789373850627, updateTime=1789373850627, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1306284065745822666, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1306274286668972124, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1789371990858, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1789373814653, updateBy=18614031015, name=畜牧兽医学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1306291829457047871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1789373841871, updateTime=1789373841871, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829431882044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1789373841865, updateTime=1789373841865, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829478019394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373841876, updateTime=1789373841876, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829419299131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=UW9FSLxGySpUV3G8KWC+Vw==, createTime=1789373841862, updateTime=1789373841862, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829490602308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373841879, updateTime=1789373841879, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829448659262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1789373841869, updateTime=1789373841869, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829486408003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373841878, updateTime=1789373841878, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829440270653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1789373841867, updateTime=1789373841867, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829465436480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1789373841873, updateTime=1789373841873, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829469630785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1789373841874, updateTime=1789373841874, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.xmsyxb.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=lkbuTWCUJ7iVBIRfH50Jkw==, journalPhotoEn=lpjFQiQXDp8Dj5mnLAs9og==, journalFirstLetter=X, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/CN/10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.022, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/EN/10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.022, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/CN/PDF/10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.022, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/EN/PDF/10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.022, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1774195200000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
宁夏地区荷斯坦青年牛与成母牛繁殖性状遗传参数估计
收藏切换
PDF下载
马思涵 1 , 虎红红 2 , 马冰成 1 , 娜日娜 1 , 冀国尚 1 , 马云 1
畜牧兽医学报 | 遗传育种 2026,57(3): 1423-1434
收起
收藏切换
畜牧兽医学报 |遗传育种 2026 , 57 (3) : 1423 -1434
宁夏地区荷斯坦青年牛与成母牛繁殖性状遗传参数估计
全屏
[Author(id=1307281476400210480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307281476479902258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281476400210480, language=EN, stringName=Sihan MA, firstName=Sihan, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307281476572176947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281476400210480, language=CN, stringName=马思涵, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021, bio={"content":"

马思涵与虎红红为同等贡献作者

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

马思涵与虎红红为同等贡献作者

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281476211466793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476219855402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476228244011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021)])]), Author(id=1307281476643480117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=h918622@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307281476744143415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281476643480117, language=EN, stringName=Honghong HU, firstName=Honghong, middleName=null, lastName=HU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.College of Life Sciences,Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307281476807057976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281476643480117, language=CN, stringName=虎红红, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.延安大学生命科学学院,延安 716000, bio={"content":"

虎红红,讲师,博士,主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

虎红红,讲师,博士,主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281476312130092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476316324397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476312130092, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Life Sciences,Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476324713006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476312130092, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.延安大学生命科学学院,延安 716000)])]), Author(id=1307281476874166842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307281476945470012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281476874166842, language=EN, stringName=Bingcheng MA, firstName=Bingcheng, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307281477020967485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281476874166842, language=CN, stringName=马冰成, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281476211466793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476219855402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476228244011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021)])]), Author(id=1307281477083882047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307281477180351041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281477083882047, language=EN, stringName=Rina NA, firstName=Rina, middleName=null, lastName=NA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307281477264237122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281477083882047, language=CN, stringName=娜日娜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281476211466793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476219855402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476228244011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021)])]), Author(id=1307281477335540292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307281477411037766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281477335540292, language=EN, stringName=Guoshang JI, firstName=Guoshang, middleName=null, lastName=JI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307281477478146631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281477335540292, language=CN, stringName=冀国尚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281476211466793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476219855402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476228244011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021)])]), Author(id=1307281477545255497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=mayun_666@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307281477637530187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281477545255497, language=EN, stringName=Yun MA, firstName=Yun, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307281477700444748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, authorId=1307281477545255497, language=CN, stringName=马云, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307281476211466793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476219855402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307281476228244011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013822024278988, companyId=1307281476211466793, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021)])])]
马思涵1, 虎红红2 , 马冰成1, 娜日娜1, 冀国尚1, 马云1
作者信息
  • 1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021
  • 2.延安大学生命科学学院,延安 716000
通讯作者:
马云,主要从事生物技术与牛遗传育种研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

马思涵,硕士,主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:

马思涵与虎红红为同等贡献作者

虎红红,讲师,博士,主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:

Genetic Parameter Estimation of Fertility Traits in Holstein Heifers and Cows in Ningxia
Sihan MA1, Honghong HU2 , Bingcheng MA1, Rina NA1, Guoshang JI1, Yun MA1
Affiliations
  • 1.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • 2.College of Life Sciences,Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    MA Yun, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.022
文章导航
收藏切换

旨在揭示宁夏地区荷斯坦牛繁殖性状的表型规律和遗传特征,为建立宁夏地区荷斯坦牛平衡育种方案提供理论依据。本研究收集宁夏地区15个牧场2005—2024年92 152头荷斯坦牛的216 787条繁殖记录,系统估计荷斯坦青年牛4个、成母牛9个繁殖性状(一胎次、二胎次、三胎次)的遗传参数。利用DMU软件的平均信息约束最大似然法(AI-REML)模块,采用单性状动物模型分胎次估计性状遗传力,双性状动物模型估计性状间遗传相关和表型相关。结果显示,青年牛繁殖性状的遗传力为0.097 0(0.008 0)~0.500 9(0.012 9),AFS最高,CR_h最低。成母牛不同胎次繁殖性状的遗传力分别为0.007 6(0.002 5)~0.150 8(0.011 6)、0.010 1(0.003 4)~0.149 9(0.010 2)和0.003 9(0.005 2)~0.137 6(0.013 3),同一性状在不同胎次间的差异较小,且低于青年牛。青年牛繁殖性状间的遗传相关和表型相关分别为-0.845 8~0.835 1和-0.550 7~0.908 4,CR_h与IFL_h呈现最强的负遗传相关(-0.845 8)。成母牛同一胎次内,不同性状之间的遗传和表型相关趋势一致,且表型相关低于遗传相关。随着胎次的增加,DO、IFL_c及CI三者间的遗传相关性越强,而BW、CS、CE、GL与其他繁殖性状的遗传相关较弱,可独立选择。成母牛相邻胎次同一繁殖性状表现出高的遗传相关,提示可能受相同基因的调控;表型相关则始终较低,说明繁殖性状易受环境影响。宁夏地区荷斯坦牛繁殖性状呈低至中等遗传力,青年牛遗传变异更大。CR_h与IFL_h强负相关,应作为青年牛繁殖指数的核心性状。DO、IFL_c、CI可联合选育。此外,成母牛繁殖性状可进行多胎次信息合并评估,以提高选择准确性。本研究为制定宁夏地区荷斯坦牛平衡育种方案提供了科学依据,有助于实现繁殖性状与其他生产性能的协同改良。

奶牛  /  繁殖性状  /  动物模型  /  遗传力  /  遗传相关

This study aimed to elucidate the phenotypic patterns and genetic architecture of fertility traits in Ningxia Holstein cattle, providing a theoretical basis for establishing a balanced breeding program in the region. We compiled 216 787 fertility records from 92 152 Holstein cattle across 15 farms in Ningxia during 2005—2024. Genetic parameter were estimated for 4 heifer traits and 9 cow traits (first, second, and third parities) using the AI-REML algorithm in DMU. Single-trait animal models were fitted to estimate heritability within parity, whereas bivariate models were used to get genetic and phenotypic correlations. Heifer heritabilities ranged from 0.097 0±0.008 to 0.500 9±0.012 9, with AFS the highest and CR_h the lowest. Heritability estimates for fertility traits in cows across the first, second, and third parities ranged from 0.007 6 (0.002 5) to 0.150 8 (0.011 6), 0.010 1 (0.003 4) to 0.149 9 (0.010 2), and 0.003 9 (0.005 2) to 0.137 6 (0.013 3), respectively; differences for the same trait between parities were small and consistently lower than those observed in heifers. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among heifer fertility traits ranged from -0.845 8 to 0.835 1 and from -0.550 7 to 0.908 4, respectively; the strongest negative genetic correlation (-0.845 8) was observed between CR_h and IFL_h. Within any parity, genetic and phenotypic correlations among cow fertility traits showed consistent trends, with phenotypic correlations consistently lower than genetic correlations. As parity increased, genetic correlations strengthened among DO, IFL_c, and CI, whereas BW, CS, CE and GL exhibited weak genetic correlations with other fertility traits and can be selected independently. The same fertility trait measured in adjacent parities showed high genetic correlations, indicating that it is largely controlled by the same gene, whereas the phenotypic correlations remained low, suggesting that the trait is strongly influenced by environmental factors. Fertility traits show low-to-moderate heritability in Ningxia Holstein cattle, with greater genetic variation in heifers. CR_h and IFL_h are strongly and negatively correlated and should be treated as core traits in a heifer fertility index. DO, IFL_c, and CI can be selected jointly, and multi-parity records for cow fertility traits can be combined to increase selection accuracy. This study provides scientific basis for developing a balanced breeding programs for Holstein cattle in Ningxia and facilitates the simultaneous improvement of fertility and productive performance.

dairy cattle  /  reproductive traits  /  animal models  /  heritability  /  genetic correlation
马思涵, 虎红红, 马冰成, 娜日娜, 冀国尚, 马云. 宁夏地区荷斯坦青年牛与成母牛繁殖性状遗传参数估计. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1423 -1434 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.022
Sihan MA, Honghong HU, Bingcheng MA, Rina NA, Guoshang JI, Yun MA. Genetic Parameter Estimation of Fertility Traits in Holstein Heifers and Cows in Ningxia[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1423 -1434 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.022
奶牛繁殖性状是具有重要经济价值的功能性状,涵盖初配日龄、初产日龄、配种受胎率、产犊间隔、产犊难易等,对于奶牛产业的可持续发展至关重要[1⁃3]。然而,繁殖性状通常表现为低遗传力及复杂的表型变异,易受环境、管理及生理因素影响,导致遗传评估的精准性面临挑战[4⁃7]。宁夏地区作为我国西北重要的奶牛养殖基地,其独特的半干旱气候条件及集约化饲养模式可能对荷斯坦牛繁殖性能产生特异性影响[8,9]。目前,相较国内其他地区呈现的繁殖性状的遗传参数结果,宁夏地区荷斯坦牛繁殖性状的遗传参数研究仍较匮乏,不同地区之间的遗传参数结果是否存在差异,尚需进一步研究。
繁殖性状遗传参数的准确估计是实施基因组选择及优化育种方案的重要基础[10,11]。随着统计遗传学方法与基因组学技术的革新,奶牛繁殖性状遗传参数估计精度显著提升[12]。目前,国内外关于奶牛繁殖性状遗传参数估计的研究较多。Jamrozik等[13]指出,加拿大荷斯坦牛繁殖性状的遗传力普遍较低,其中初配日龄的遗传力为0.13。Du等[14]研究发现,犊牛存活率的遗传力范围为0.002~0.136,属于低遗传力性状,不同存活阶段之间的遗传相关为0.399 1(2~30 d至451~750 d)至0.998 5(361~450 d至451~750 d),表型相关为0.147 6(2~30 d至451~750 d)至0.958 2(361~450 d至451~750 d)。在中国不同地区荷斯坦牛群体的研究中,已证实显著存在基因-环境互作(G×E)效应[15⁃17],表明了分区域开展遗传参数估计的必要性。
本研究旨在基于宁夏地区规模化牧场荷斯坦牛的繁殖记录,采用多性状动物模型及约束最大似然法(REML),分别估计荷斯坦青年牛和成母牛不同胎次繁殖性状的遗传参数,研究结果将为宁夏地区荷斯坦牛遗传评估体系的完善提供理论依据,同时为区域性育种目标的制定及基因组选择技术的本土化应用奠定基础。
采集宁夏地区15个规模化牧场2005—2024年的216 787条产犊数据、174 806条配种数据、100 913条系谱数据。繁殖性状数据包括:个体号、出生日期、场、产犊日期、性别、单双胎、胎次、产犊难易、犊牛初生存活状态;配种数据包括:个体号、场、胎次、出生日期、配种日期、配种次数、与配公牛。共包含13个繁殖性状,分别是初配日龄(age at first service,AFS):首次配种日期与其出生日期的间隔天数;初产日龄(age at first calving,AFC):牛只初次产犊的日龄;青年牛首末次配种间隔(interval from first to last inseminations in heifer,IFL_h):青年牛首次配种日期与配妊日期之间的间隔天数;青年牛首次配种受胎率(conception rate of first insemination in heifer,CR_h):在配种后是否妊娠,为二分类性状,妊娠记录为1,未妊娠记录为0;空怀天数(days open,DO):各个泌乳期经产母牛前次产犊日期与随后的最后一次配种日期之间的间隔天数;产犊间隔(calving interval,CI):成母牛连续两次产犊的间隔天数;妊娠天数(gestation length,GL):妊娠前末次配种日期与下一胎次产犊日期之间的间隔天数;产犊后至首次配种间隔(interval from calving to first insemination,ICF):产犊日期与该胎次首次配种日期的间隔天数;成母牛首末次配种间隔(interval from first to last inseminations-in cow,IFL_c):成母牛首次配种日期与配妊日期之间的间隔天数;成母牛首次配种受胎率(conception rate of first insemination in cow,CR_c):在配种后是否妊娠,为二分类性状,妊娠记录为1,未妊娠记录为0;产犊难易(calving ease,CE):奶牛分娩胎儿的容易程度;犊牛初生重(birthweight,BW):犊牛出生后的体重;犊牛存活率(calf survival,CS):犊牛出生后是否存活,二分类性状,存活记录为1,死亡记录为0。对原始数据进行质控,质控标准为:1)场内有数据记录的年份>3年;2)初配日龄在270~900 d;3)初产日龄在500~1 100 d;4)空怀天数在20~450 d;5)妊娠天数在240~310 d;6)首末次配种间隔在0~400 d;7)产犊后至首次配种间隔在20~230 d;8)犊牛初生重在20~60 kg;9)产犊间隔>280 d。
本研究所有计算均基于DMU软件的(AI)- REML方法,采用单性状动物模型估计青年牛和不同胎次成母牛繁殖性状的遗传参数,双性状动物模型估计不同胎次繁殖性状间的遗传相关和表型相关。
固定效应模型:
Y=YPGN+CN+PNJ+CDNJ+CDS+AFc+AFs+XB+A+E
其中,Y为各性状观测值,YPGN为与配公牛,CN为场-出生年,PNJ为配种年-季,CDNJ为产犊年-季,CDS为单双胎,AFc为初产月龄,AFs为初配月龄,XB为性别,A为个体加性效应,E为随机残差。
AFC=CN+PNJ+CDNJ+AFs+XB+A+E;
AFS=CN+PNJ+AFc+AFs+A+E;
BW=YPGN+CDNJ+XB+ID+E;
CE=YPGN+CDNJ+XB+ID+E;
CI=YPGN+CN+PNJ+CDNJ+ID+E;
CR_c=YPGN+CN+PNJ+ID+E;
CR_h=YPGN+PNJ+AFs+A+E;
CS=YPGN+CN+CDNJ+XB+ID+E;
DO=CN+PNJ+CDNJ+ID+E;
GL=YPGN+CN+PNJ+CDNJ+AFc+ID+E;
ICF=CN+CDNJ+AFc+AFs+ID+E;
IFL_c=CN+PNJ+CDNJ+ID+E;
IFL_h=YPGN+PNJ+AFs+A+E;
模型1:单性状动物模型
Y=Xb+Za+e
式中,Y为表型观测值;b为系统环境向量(包括场-出生年效应、与配公牛效应、配种年-季效应、产犊年-季效应、单双胎效应、初产月龄效应、初配月龄效应、性别效应);a为加性遗传效应向量;e为随机残差效应向量;X、Z分别是b和a的关联矩阵。
模型2:双性状动物模型
y1y2=X100X2b1b2+Z100Z2a1a2+e1e2
式中,yi为第i个繁殖性状的观测值向量;bi为第i个繁殖性状的固定效应向量,包括场-出生年效应、与配公牛效应、配种年-季效应、产犊年-季效应、单双胎效应、初产月龄效应、初配月龄效应、性别效应;ai为第i个繁殖性状的加性遗传效应向量;ei为第i个繁殖性状的随机残差效应向量;Xi和Zi分别为bi和ai的关联矩阵。
通过各模型估计出繁殖性状的方差和协方差,则遗传力、遗传相关、表型相关和标准误使用的公式如下。
遗传力计算公式:
hi2=σai2σpi2
式中,σpi2=σai2+σei2,σai2为加性遗传方差,σei2为残差方差,σpi2为表型方差。
遗传相关的计算公式:
rA=Cov(a1,a2)σa12σa22
式中,rA为性状的遗传相关,Cov(a1,a2)为性状a1,a2的加性效应协方差,σa12为性状a1的加性方差,σa22为性状a2的加性方差。
表型相关的计算公式:
rP=Cov(p1,p2)σp12σp22
式中,rP为性状的表型相关,Cov(p1,p2)为性状p1,p2的表型协方差,σp12为性状p1的表型方差,σp22为性状p2的表型方差。
遗传相关标准误的计算公式:
SE2r=σij2σi2σj2Varσij(σij)2+Varσi24σi22+Varσj24σj22-Covσij,σi2σijσi2-Covσij,σj2σijσj2+Covσi2,σj22σi2σj2。
宁夏地区不同胎次荷斯坦牛各繁殖性状表型的描述性统计如表1所示。配种受胎率随着胎次的增加逐渐降低,空怀天数延长,奶牛的繁殖效率呈现下降趋势。奶牛的平均初配月龄为15月龄,平均初产月龄为25月龄,表明牧场繁殖管理较为规范,初产时间处于合理范围。一胎次初生犊牛的平均体重为36.403 kg,平均空怀天数为117.357 d,妊娠天数为274.130 d,产犊后至首次配种间隔为71.571 d。二胎次奶牛犊牛平均初生重39.306 kg,呈现上升趋势,说明经产牛所产犊牛的生长发育基础更优,犊牛的平均存活率为0.941,犊牛护理与培育水平良好,平均产犊间隔为396.268 d。三胎次奶牛平均产犊间隔399.228 d,提示需加强高胎次牛产后繁殖管理,平均妊娠天数275.682 d,平均空怀天数125.645 d,空怀天数延长,提示应针对性优化经产牛的营养调控与繁殖管理策略。
荷斯坦青年牛与不同胎次成母牛繁殖性状的方差组分和遗传力见表2。荷斯坦青年牛繁殖性状的遗传力为0.097 0(0.008 0)~0.500 9(0.012 9)。荷斯坦成母牛不同胎次繁殖性状的遗传力分别为0.007 6(0.002 5)~0.150 8(0.011 6)、0.010 1(0.003 4)~0.149 9(0.010 2)和0.003 9(0.005 2)~0.137 6(0.013 3),低于青年牛。第一胎次荷斯坦成母牛ICF、BW、CE及CS性状的加性遗传方差高于第2胎次和第3胎次,而CR_c、DO、IFL_c和GL没有明显的变化。
荷斯坦青年牛繁殖性状的遗传相关与表型相关如表3所示。AFS与AFC、CR_h存在低至中等的遗传相关,范围为0.177 3~0.550 4,AFC与IFL_h存在较高的遗传相关0.835 1,CR_h与AFC、IFL_h存在负遗传相关-0.845 8~-0.692 0。青年牛各繁殖性状间的表型相关与遗传相关趋势一致,为-0.550 7(IFL_h和CR_h)至0.908 4(IFL_h和AFC之间为正相关),但低于遗传相关。
荷斯坦成母牛繁殖性状之间的遗传相关与表型相关如表4、表5和表6所示。一、二、三胎次荷斯坦成母牛繁殖性状间的遗传相关分别为-0.768 8(CR_c-IFL_c)~0.964 2(DO-IFL_c)、-0.881 6(CR_c-IFL_c)~0.990 4(DO-IFL_c)和-1.000 0(CR_c-DO)~0.937 0(DO-IFL_c);表型相关分别为-0.533 0(CR_c-IFL_c)~0.985 9(DO-IFL_c)、-0.544 0(CR_c-IFL_c)~0.989 1(DO-IFL_c)和-0.543 3(CR_c-IFL_c)~0.988 1(DO-IFL_c)。DO、IFL_c与CI之间存在强的正遗传相关,而这些性状与CR_c之间存在强的的负遗传相关。表型相关与遗传相关方向完全一致,但数值更小。
不同胎次荷斯坦成母牛相同繁殖性状的遗传相关与表型相关如表7所示。成母牛繁殖性状不同胎次之间有着较高的遗传相关,除CS性状第1胎次与第2胎次间遗传相关为0.190 4,CE性状第1胎次与第3胎次间遗传相关为0.344 3外,其他不同胎次荷斯坦成母牛相同繁殖性状的遗传相关为0.693 6 ~ 1.000 0,呈现出高的遗传相关,提示不同胎次相同繁殖性状可能受相同基因调控。不同胎次相同繁殖性状间的表型相关则始终较低,说明繁殖性状易受环境影响。
本研究系统整理分析了宁夏地区荷斯坦牛繁殖性状的表型数据,结果显示青年牛的繁殖性能明显优于经产牛。随着胎次增加,配种受胎率下降且空怀天数延长,主要是因为高胎次奶牛生殖系统发生了生理性退化:卵巢功能衰退,卵子生成效率和质量下降,直接影响配种受胎率,并且子宫内环境稳定性变差,进而导致繁殖效率下滑[18]。对比其他研究的表型参数发现,本研究中IFL_c平均值为46.978~57.193 d,高于杨桐桐等[19]报道的44.01 d,这或许与本研究中繁殖性状不同胎次划分和试验条件不同有关。ICF平均值为69.997~71.571 d,低于刘澳星[17]研究的82.10 d。此外,本研究中AFC均值低于李欣等[8]在宁夏地区的前期研究结果(782.99 d),AFS均值则高于陈紫薇等[16]报道的445.06 d。这些差异主要是由地域环境差异和牧场管理策略不同导致的[20]。值得关注的是,本研究中DO平均值为117.357~125.645 d,与Eghbalsaied[21]报道的伊朗荷斯坦牛(125.2 d)及Abe等[22]报道的日本荷斯坦牛(124.6 d)的结果接近,这对于实际的荷斯坦牛养殖具有一定的指导意义。此外,本研究中GL平均值为274.130~275.682 d,与Eghbalsaied[21]报道的伊朗荷斯坦牛(278.2 d)接近。
对宁夏地区荷斯坦青年牛的4个和成母牛的9个(不同胎次)繁殖性状的遗传参数分析表明,荷斯坦青年牛繁殖性状的遗传力高于成母牛,这可能是因为青年牛处于生长发育的早期阶段,其生殖系统及相关生理机能尚未受到长期繁殖活动、疾病和环境因素的复杂影响。AFS遗传力估计值为0.500 9±0.012 9,与陈紫薇等[16]在宁夏地区的前期研究结果(0.483±0.013)基本一致。AFC遗传力估计值为0.242 9±0.010 9,低于Ayalew等[23]研究的埃塞俄比亚荷斯坦牛(0.47),差异可能源于荷斯坦牛在不同地区的适应性和环境互作效应。
不同胎次成母牛繁殖性状的遗传力范围在0.003 9(0.005 2)~0.150 8(0.011 6),而第三胎次IFL_c和DO的遗传力最小,分别为0.003 9(0.005 2)和0.004 3(0.005 3),这更体现了繁殖性状遗传结构的复杂性,以及遗传改良在繁殖性状上的难度和局限性。与最高遗传力的AFS性状相比,可能是牧场的管理策略不同和初始配种时间的主观性导致AFS的估计值较高[24],而IFL_c和DO是多因素综合作用的性状,更多受环境和管理因素支配[16]。研究发现,多数繁殖性状的遗传力随胎次增加呈下降趋势,其中DO遗传力估计值从第一胎的0.013 9降至第三胎的0.004 3,ICF从0.051 0降至0.017 6,这一变化可能是高胎次奶牛生殖功能衰退与环境累积效应共同作用的结果[25, 26]。同样,CS的遗传力从第一胎的0.026 4降至第三胎的0.005 9,这一趋势说明初产牛的犊牛存活能力更多依赖遗传背景决定的母体繁殖生理状态,而经产牛的犊牛存活则主要受接产技术规范性、产后护理精细化程度等环境因素影响[14]。
奶牛繁殖效率是决定牧场经济效益的核心因素之一,而青年牛的繁殖性能直接影响牛群的终身生产潜力。由于青年牛和经产牛的繁殖性状存在本质差异,因此已有研究提出,应将两者的繁殖性状作为独立性状进行遗传评估和育种改良[27, 28]。本研究对宁夏地区荷斯坦青年牛繁殖性状的遗传参数分析显示,AFC与AFS之间存在中等遗传正相关(0.550 4)和表型相关(0.427 2),与朔州地区的研究报道高度一致[29]。并且发现CR_h与IFL_h之间存在极强负遗传相关(-0.845 8),与刘澳星[17]的研究(-0.86)接近。这一关联证实高受胎率缩短配种间隔,而低受胎率则导致多次返情配种,延长首末配种间隔[30]。与前述强相关性不同,AFS与CR_h之间存在弱遗传正相关(0.177 3)和表型相关(0.126 0),这说明不能依赖延长初配日龄来提高受胎率。本研究发现,AFC与IFL_h的遗传相关为0.835 1,与Liu等[31]报道的0.75接近,这种正相关性反映了初产日龄较大的个体往往伴随更长的配种间隔,可能是由于卵母细胞质量下降或子宫恢复能力减弱所致。同时,Gonzalez-Recio和Alenda[32]研究发现CR_h和AFC之间的遗传相关为-0.65,与本研究的-0.692 0相近,这说明在育种实践中需要兼顾两者,避免单纯追求早初产而导致受胎率下降。
对宁夏地区荷斯坦经产牛繁殖性状的遗传参数分析发现,DO与IFL_c存在强遗传正相关,IFL_c反映了奶牛繁殖周期的稳定性和发情鉴定效率,而发情鉴定环节的准确性是决定空怀期长度的关键[33]。智能监测数据显示,其监测的牛群IFL_c标准差仅为传统方法的60%,说明技术提升可以有效削弱IFL_c与DO的遗传关联[19]。本研究发现,CR_c与DO、IFL_c均呈现强遗传负相关,这一规律在各胎次中都稳定存在,可能因为高泌乳期奶牛的能量摄入无法满足泌乳需求,机体处于能量负平衡状态会抑制促性腺激素分泌,干扰卵泡发育和发情周期,同时延长空怀天数;此外,空怀天数延长会导致体况评分(BCS)超标(>3.5),子宫内膜脂肪沉积增加,降低子宫内膜容受性,进一步降低配种受胎率[34]。本研究中三胎次DO与CR_c遗传相关(-1.000 0)显著高于波兰荷斯坦牛(-0.45)[35],第二胎次CI与DO的遗传相关(0.512 7)低于河南地区荷斯坦牛群体(0.68)[36],但表型相关仅为0.050 0,这类相关性差异可能与遗传背景、环境及不同胎次间的生理状态等因素有关[37]。
双性状动物模型分析显示,同一繁殖性状在不同胎次之间存在较高的遗传相关,且表型相关相近,这一结果为奶牛繁殖性状的早期选择提供了重要理论支持,也为多胎次繁殖信息合并评估荷斯坦牛繁殖性状的遗传参数提供了理论依据。从遗传机制看,繁殖性状遗传力低,受多基因协同调控,也可能受相同基因的调控,这些核心调控基因的作用模式在不同胎次间具有稳定性和延续性[38]。即使随着胎次的增加,奶牛的生理状态和环境条件发生变化,其遗传基础对繁殖性状的核心调控作用依然存在,因此不同胎次间繁殖性状的遗传相关较高[39]。从表型层面看,同一性状不同胎次间的表型相关相近,说明环境因素对繁殖性状的影响具有一致性,尽管牧场会根据胎次调整饲养管理策略,但这些调整对繁殖性状的作用方向和强度相对稳定,最终使得表型相关呈现相近趋势。这一结果提示,积累高质量的早期胎次繁殖性状数据,可有效预测后期胎次的繁殖性能,为推进奶牛繁殖性状的早期育种改良提供数据支撑和理论依据[40]。
宁夏地区荷斯坦牛繁殖性状呈低至中等遗传力,青年牛的遗传力显著高于成母牛,具有更大的选择潜力。青年牛CR_h与IFL_h性状呈强负遗传相关(-0.85),可作为青年牛繁殖指数的核心性状。成母牛DO、IFL_c与CI遗传相关随胎次递增而加强,可实施联合选择以提高选择效率。成母牛BW、CS、CE、GL与其他繁殖性状呈现较弱的遗传相关,可根据需求作为独立性状单独选育。相邻胎次同一性状呈现高的遗传相关,表明可能受相同基因调控,可跨胎次合并信息评估荷斯坦牛繁殖性状。所有繁殖性状的表型相关均低于遗传相关,提示这些性状受环境影响较大,需加强饲养与繁殖管理。本研究结果为奶牛育种提供了相关遗传信息,为宁夏地区开展荷斯坦牛繁殖性状遗传评估和育种计划制定提供参考。
  • 国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-36)
  • 宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2025BBF01008)
  • 宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2023BCF01006)
  • 高产奶牛核心育种群自主培育与示范应用(YDZX2022153)
  • 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2025JC-YBQN-308)
  • 博士科学研究启动项目(YDBK2024-25)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
SCHMIDTMANN C,THALLER G,KARGO M,et al.Derivation of economic values for German dairy breeds by means of a bio-economic model-with special emphasis on functional traits[J].J Dairy Sci,2021,104(3):3144-3157. DOI:10.3168/jds.2019-17635
[2]
王子晨,张 娜,张琬婷,等.荷斯坦牛日反刍时间和产奶量的影响因素分析及遗传参数估计[J].畜牧兽医学报,2025,56(3):1180-1188. DOI:10.3168/jds.2025-27826
WANG Z C,ZHANG N,ZHANG W T,et al.Analysis of influencing factors and estimation of genetic parameters on daily rumination time and daily milk yield in Holstein cows[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2025,56(3):1180-1188.(in Chinese). DOI:10.3168/jds.2025-27826
[3]
吕昕哲,齐 格,赵和平,等.奶牛繁殖性状的影响因素及其研究进展[J].中国畜禽种业,2023,19(9):41-45. DOI:10.3724/sp.j.1096.2012.11290
LV X Z,QI G,ZHAO H P,et al.Factors influencing dairy cow reproductive traits and research advances[J].The Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding,2023,19(9):41-45.(in Chinese). DOI:10.3724/sp.j.1096.2012.11290
[4]
ZHU K,LI T W,LIU D Y,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters for fertility traits in Chinese Holstein of south China[J].Front Genet,2024,14:1288375. DOI:10.3389/fgene.2023.1288375
[5]
PRYCE J E,COFFEY M P,BROTHERSTONE S.The genetic relationship between calving interval,body condition score and linear type and management traits in registered Holsteins[J].J Dairy Sci,2000,83(11):2664-2671. DOI:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(00)75160-5
[6]
张俊星,盛 辉,韩丽云,等.泌乳牛健康问题对奶牛重要经济性状的影响分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2025,56(5):2203-2218. DOI:10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.5-10
ZHANG J X,SHENG H,HAN L Y,et al.The impact of health events on important economic traits in Holstein lactating cows[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2025,56(5):2203-2218.(in Chinese). DOI:10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.5-10
[7]
赵新春.热应激下奶牛激素调控策略及其应用效果分析[J].中国乳业,2025,(8):8-14. DOI:10.3168/jds.2019-17929
ZHAO X C.Regulation strategies and application effects of hormones in dairy cows under heat stress[J].China Dairy,2025,(8):8-14.(in Chinese). DOI:10.3168/jds.2019-17929
[8]
李 欣,周靖航,温 万,等.宁夏地区荷斯坦奶牛遗传参数估计[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(6):1754-1761. DOI:10.1002/vms3.70340/v2/decision1
LI X,ZHOU J H,WEN W,et al.The estimation of genetic parameters of Holstein dairy cows in Ningxia Region[J].China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(6):1754-1761.(in Chinese). DOI:10.1002/vms3.70340/v2/decision1
[9]
梁小军,王建东,马吉锋,等.宁夏奶牛不同饲养模式下多发性疾病发病情况调查[J].宁夏农林科技,2012,53(4):63-65. DOI:10.25165/j.ijabe.20241706.8821
LIANG X J,WANG J D,MA J F,et al.Investigation of incidence of cows’frequent diseases at different breeding patterns in Ningxia[J].Ningxia Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Science and technology,2012,53(4):63-65.(in Chinese). DOI:10.25165/j.ijabe.20241706.8821
[10]
ROELOFS J,LOPEZ-GATIUS F,HUNTER R H F,et al.When is a cow in estrus? Clinical and practical aspects[J].Theriogenology,2010,74(3):327-344. DOI:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.02.016
[11]
师 睿,苏国生,陈紫薇,等.中国荷斯坦牛繁殖性状的基因组预测效果比较[J].畜牧兽医学报,2022,53(9):2944-2954. DOI:10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.46-54
SHI R,SU G S,CHEN Z W,et al.Comparisons of genomic predictions for fertility traits in Chinese Holstein cattle[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2022,53(9):2944-2954.(in Chinese). DOI:10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.46-54
[12]
栗敏杰.河南地区荷斯坦牛功能性状和生产性状的遗传评估体系建立[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2020. DOI:10.30919/es1614
LI M J.Establishment of genetic evaluation system for functional and productive traits of Holstein in Henan Province [D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2020.(in Chinese). DOI:10.30919/es1614
[13]
JAMROZIK J,FATEGI J,KISTEMAKER G J,et al.Estimates of genetic parameters for Canadian Holstein female reproduction traits[J].J Dairy Sci,2005,88(6):2199-2208. DOI:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72895-2
[14]
DU B Q,HU H H,ZHANG J X,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters of Holstein calf survival[J].Trop Anim Health Prod,2024,56(1):44. DOI:10.1007/s11250-023-03874-z
[15]
师 睿,李珊珊,张海亮,等.中国荷斯坦牛繁殖性状的基因型与环境互作[J].畜牧兽医学报,2024,55(9):3968-3977. DOI:10.14264/0745c1c
SHI R,LI S S,ZHANG H L,et al.Genotype by environment interaction of fertility traits for the Holstein cattle in China[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2024,55(9):3968-3977.(in Chinese). DOI:10.14264/0745c1c
[16]
陈紫薇,师 睿,罗汉鹏,等.宁夏地区荷斯坦牛青年牛繁殖性状遗传参数估计[J].畜牧兽医学报,2021,52(2):344-351. DOI:10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.55-60
CHEN Z W,SHI R,LUO H P,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters of reproductive traits of Holstein in heifers in Ningxia[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2021,52(2):344-351.(in Chinese). DOI:10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.55-60
[17]
刘澳星.奶牛繁殖性状遗传参数估计与基因组预测[D].北京:中国农业大学,2018. DOI:10.3920/9789086866571_014
LIU A X.Estimation of genetic parameters and genomic prediction for female fertility traits in dairy cattle [D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese). DOI:10.3920/9789086866571_014
[18]
MORALES-PINEYRUA J T,FARINA S R,MENDOZA A.Effects of parity on productive,reproductive,metabolic and hormonal responses of Holstein cows[J].Anim Reprod Sci,2018,191:9-21. DOI:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.01.017
[19]
杨桐桐,张海亮,王 澳,等.荷斯坦牛产后首次发情表现性状遗传参数估计[J].畜牧兽医学报,2024,55(11):5050-5058. DOI:10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.55-60
YANG T T,ZHANG H L,WANG A,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters for first estrus expression traits in Holstein cattle[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2024,55(11):5050-5058.(in Chinese). DOI:10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.55-60
[20]
郭翔羽,郭 刚,李锡智,等.北京地区荷斯坦青年牛繁殖性状影响因素分析[J].中国奶牛,2011,(24):1-6. DOI:10.3168/jds.2024-25121
GUO X Y,GUO G,LI X Z,et al.Analysis of causal factors on reproduction traits for Holstein heifers in Beijing Area[J].China Dairy Cattle,2011,(24):1-6.(in Chinese). DOI:10.3168/jds.2024-25121
[21]
EGHBALSAIED S.Estimation of genetic parameters for 13 female fertility indices in Holstein dairy cows[J].Trop Anim Health Prod,2011,43(4):811-816. DOI:10.1007/s11250-010-9767-z
[22]
ABE H,MASUDA Y,SUZUKI M.Relationships between reproductive traits of heifers and cows and yield traits for Holsteins in Japan[J].J Dairy Sci,2009,92(8):4055-4062. DOI:10.3168/jds.2008-1896
[23]
AYALEW W,ALIY M,NEGUSSIE E.Estimation of genetic parameters of the productive and reproductive traits in Ethiopian Holstein using multi-trait models[J].Asian-Australas J Anim Sci,2017,30(11):1550-1556. DOI:10.5713/ajas.17.0198
[24]
虎红红.荷斯坦牛长寿性状的遗传基础及基因组选择研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2023. DOI:10.1016/j.animal.2023.100851
HU H H.Genetic basis and genomic selection of longevity traits in Holstein cattle[D].Yinchuan:Ningxia University,2023.(in Chinese). DOI:10.1016/j.animal.2023.100851
[25]
黄越川,张海亮,徐 伟,等.宁夏地区奶牛体型外貌性状遗传参数估计[J].中国畜牧兽医,2024,51(7):2908-2922. DOI:10.22271/veterinary.2022.v7.i4a.430
HUANG Y C,ZHANG H L,XU W,et al.Genetic parameters for conformation traits of dairy cattle in Ningxia[J].China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2024,51(7):2908-2922.(in Chinese). DOI:10.22271/veterinary.2022.v7.i4a.430
[26]
母 童,虎红红,冯小芳,等.宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状的遗传参数估计和主成分分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2021,52(4):954-966. DOI:10.15414/afz.2024.27.04.379-386
MU T,HU H H,FENG X F,et al.Genetic parameter estimates and principal component analysis for udder traits of Holstein cattle in Ningxia[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2021,52(4):954-966.(in Chinese). DOI:10.15414/afz.2024.27.04.379-386
[27]
MUUTTORANTA K,TYRISEVA A,MANTYSAARI E A,et al.Genetic parameters for female fertility in Nordic Holstein and Red cattle dairy breeds[J].J Dairy Sci,2019,102(9):8184-8196. DOI:10.3168/jds.2018-15858
[28]
孟 源,呙明鹏,王 元,等.朔州地区某奶牛场中国荷斯坦青年牛繁殖性状遗传参数估计[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2022,(22):58-64. DOI:10.3923/javaa.2012.3132.3139
MENG Y,GUO M P,WANG Y,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters for reproductive traits of Chinese Holstein heifers in a dairy farm in Shuozhou[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2022,(22):58-64.(in Chinese). DOI:10.3923/javaa.2012.3132.3139
[29]
孟 源.山西朔州地区荷斯坦牛产奶性状和繁殖性状遗传分析[D].晋中:山西农业大学,2022. DOI:10.4148/2378-5977.3019
MENG Y.Genetic analysis of milk production and reproductive traits of Holstein herds in Shuozhou area of Shanxi Province [D].Jinzhong:Shanxi Agricultural University,2022.(in Chinese). DOI:10.4148/2378-5977.3019
[30]
代 旭.江苏地区荷斯坦牛肛阴距离特征及其对繁殖性能的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2023. DOI:10.46234/ccdcw2023.074
DAI X.Characteristics of anogenital distance and it’s effects on Holstein cattle in Jiangsu Province [D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2023.(in Chinese). DOI:10.46234/ccdcw2023.074
[31]
LIU Z,JAITNER J,REINHARDT F,et al.Genetic evaluation of fertility traits of dairy cattle using a multiple-trait animal model[J].J Dairy Sci,2008,91(11):4333-4343. DOI:10.3168/jds.2008-1029
[32]
GONZALEZ-RECIO O,ALENDA R.Genetic parameters for female fertility traits and a fertility index in Spanish dairy cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2005,88(9):3282-3289. DOI:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)73011-3
[33]
STRANDBERG E,BROTHERSTONE S,WALL E,et al.Genotype by environment interaction for first-lactation female fertility traits in UK dairy cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2009,92(7):3437-3446. DOI:10.3168/jds.2008-1844
[34]
ZINK V,STIPKOVA M,LASSEN J.Genetic parameters for female fertility,locomotion,body condition score,and linear type traits in Czech Holstein cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2011,94(10):5176-5182. DOI:10.3168/jds.2010-3644
[35]
OTWINOWSKA-MINDUR A,PTAK E,JAGUSIAK W,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters for female fertility traits in the polish Holstein-Friesian Population[J].Animals (Basel),2022,12(12):1485. DOI:10.3390/ani12121485
[36]
再娜古丽·君居列克,黄锡霞,周靖航,等.中国荷斯坦牛成母牛繁殖性状的遗传参数估计[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(4):55-58. DOI:10.1002/vms3.70340/v2/review1
JUNJULIEKE Z,HUANG X X,ZHOU J H,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters of reproductive traits in Chinese Holstein cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2017,53(4):55-58.(in Chinese). DOI:10.1002/vms3.70340/v2/review1
[37]
施雪奎,武秀香,毛永江,等.中国荷斯坦牛不同胎次繁殖性能的变化分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011,(1):31-33. DOI:10.1016/j.vas.2024.100421
SHI X K,WU X X,MAO Y J,et al.Analysis of changes in reproductive performance of Chinese Holstein cows across parities[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2011,(1):31-33.(in Chinese). DOI:10.1016/j.vas.2024.100421
[38]
张启钧.整合荟萃分析与多组学技术挖掘奶牛繁殖性状候选基因[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2025. DOI:10.3390/genes15010012
ZHANG Q J.Integrating meta-analysis and multi-omicstechniques to excavate candidate genes for reproductive traits in dairy cattle [D].Daqing:Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,2025.(in Chinese). DOI:10.3390/genes15010012
[39]
王子昂,王逢博,张 超,等.宁夏地区奶牛产后酮病对生产性能的影响[J].动物医学进展,2025,46(8):25-32. DOI:10.1515/jvetres-2017-0011
WANG Z A,WANG F B,ZHANG C,et al.Effects of postpartum ketosis on production performance of dairy cows in Ningxia Region[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2025,46(8):25-32.(in Chinese). DOI:10.1515/jvetres-2017-0011
[40]
LEE J G,SEO J,ALAM M,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters for reproductive traits in Korean dairy cattle[J].Anim Biosci,2025,38(1):33-40. DOI:10.5713/ab.24.0455
2026年第57卷第3期
PDF下载
165
77
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.022
  • 接收时间:2025-09-03
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-03-23
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-03
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-36)
宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2025BBF01008)
宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2023BCF01006)
高产奶牛核心育种群自主培育与示范应用(YDZX2022153)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2025JC-YBQN-308)
博士科学研究启动项目(YDBK2024-25)
作者信息
    1.宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川 750021
    2.延安大学生命科学学院,延安 716000

通讯作者:

马云,主要从事生物技术与牛遗传育种研究,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/CN/10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.022
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏