Article(id=1307013778399322779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1742486400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545967911, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1774195200000, pubDateStr=2026-03-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545967911, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545967911, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545967911, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013423896753139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='3', pageStart='1177', pageEnd='1776', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774195200000', pubDateStr='2026-03-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545883392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609930841, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1289, endPage=1298, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013779947020956, articleId=1307013778399322779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Advances in Ferroptosis Pathogenesis and Phytochemical Modulation, columnId=1307007397399126026, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=REVIEW, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Ferroptosis, a biologically significant form of regulated cell death, participates in the pathological processes of various metabolic diseases and toxicoses. The occurrence of ferroptosis adversely impacts animal production performance and may even lead to mortality, resulting in substantial economic losses for livestock farmers. Consequently, identifying effective functional additives to mitigate or block ferroptosis is of paramount importance. Plant extracts, defined as secondary metabolites isolated from plant tissues through standardized processes, typically contain bioactive compounds with well-documented pharmacological or regulatory functions, including alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and polysaccharides. These natural constituents exhibit regulatory effects on iron ion homeostasis, glutathione metabolism, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation, thereby counteracting ferroptosis. This review summarizes the pathogenic mechanisms of ferroptosis and the modulatory roles of plant extracts in its regulation, aiming to provide novel insights for the development of functional additives in animal husbandry.

, authors=Jiayu CHEN1, 2, Hongchao LI1, 2, Wenwen WANG1, 2, Yuan WANG1, 2, authorsList=Jiayu CHEN, Hongchao LI, Wenwen WANG, Yuan WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuan WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
WANG Yuan, E-mail:
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铁死亡是一种具有重要生物学意义的细胞死亡方式,参与多种代谢病、中毒的病理过程。发生铁死亡会影响动物生产性能,甚至引发动物死亡,给养殖户带来经济损失。因此,寻找有效缓解/阻断铁死亡的功能性添加剂至关重要。植物提取物系指通过规范工艺从植物组织中分离获得的次生代谢产物,这类天然产物通常含有具备明确药理作用或调节功能的活性成分,包括生物碱、黄酮、多酚、多糖等,它们具有调节铁离子代谢和谷胱甘肽代谢以及抑制脂质过氧化等作用,可抑制铁死亡。本文总结了铁死亡的致病机理及植物提取物对铁死亡的调控作用,以期为功能性添加剂的研发提供新的思路。

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陈佳瑜,硕士生,主要从事生物饲料的创制与应用研究,E-mail:

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王园,主要从事智慧养殖与生物饲料技术创新研究,E-mail:
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TFR. Transferrin receptor; ROS. Reactive oxygen species; PL. Phospholipid; LPCAT3. Yso-phosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3; LOX. Lipoxygenase; ASCL4. Acyl-CoA synthetaselong-chain family member 4; GPX4. Glutathione peroxidase 4; SLC3A2. Solute carrier family 3 member 2; PE. Phosphatidylethanolamine; DPP4. Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4; CoQ10. Coenzyme Q10; p53. Tumor protein 53; GSL2. Glutaminase 2; Acetyl-CoA. Aacetyl-CoA carboxylase; GSH. Glutathione; HMG-CoA. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA; SLC7A11. Solute carrier family 7 member 11; HMGR. 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase; MVA. Mevalonate; IPP. Isopentenyl diphosphate

, figureFileSmall=PJyoU3Dry6ETF3wZWvAOVQ==, figureFileBig=fqPBSTN/R4xTReAmRMWW7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307281480791642836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013778399322779, language=CN, label=图1, caption=调控铁死亡的相关通路(图片采用Microsoft PowerPoint 2019制作)

TFR.转铁蛋白受体;ROS.活性氧;PL.膜磷脂;LPCAT3.溶血卵磷脂酰基转移酶3;LOX.脂氧合酶;ACSL4.乙酰辅酶A合成酶常链家族成员4;GPX4.谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4;SLC3A2.溶质转运载体家族3成员2;PE.磷脂酰乙醇胺;DPP4.二肽基肽酶-4;CoQ10.辅酶Q10;p53.肿瘤蛋白53;GSL2.谷氨酰胺酶2;Acetyl-CoA.乙酰辅酶羧化酶;GSH.谷胱甘肽;HMG-CoA. 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A;SLC7A11.溶质转运载体家族7成员11;HMGR. HMG-CoA还原酶;MVA.甲羟戊酸;IPP.异戊烯基焦磷酸

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铁死亡的致病机理与植物提取物调控的研究进展
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陈佳瑜 1, 2 , 李宏超 1, 2 , 王文文 1, 2 , 王园 1, 2
畜牧兽医学报 | 综述 2026,57(3): 1289-1298
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畜牧兽医学报 |综述 2026 , 57 (3) : 1289 -1298
铁死亡的致病机理与植物提取物调控的研究进展
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陈佳瑜1, 2 , 李宏超1, 2, 王文文1, 2, 王园1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院,呼和浩特 010018
  • 2.智慧畜牧自治区高等学校重点实验室/内蒙古自治区高校智慧畜牧集成攻关大平台/内蒙古自治区草食家畜饲料技术研究中心/国家乳业技术创新中心奶牛繁育与养殖技术研究中心,呼和浩特 010018
通讯作者:
王园,主要从事智慧养殖与生物饲料技术创新研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

陈佳瑜,硕士生,主要从事生物饲料的创制与应用研究,E-mail:

Advances in Ferroptosis Pathogenesis and Phytochemical Modulation
Jiayu CHEN1, 2 , Hongchao LI1, 2, Wenwen WANG1, 2, Yuan WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Animal Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China
  • 2.National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy-Breeding and Production Research Center,Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering Technology Research Center,Integrated Research Platform of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region,Hohhot 010018,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    WANG Yuan, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.011
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铁死亡是一种具有重要生物学意义的细胞死亡方式,参与多种代谢病、中毒的病理过程。发生铁死亡会影响动物生产性能,甚至引发动物死亡,给养殖户带来经济损失。因此,寻找有效缓解/阻断铁死亡的功能性添加剂至关重要。植物提取物系指通过规范工艺从植物组织中分离获得的次生代谢产物,这类天然产物通常含有具备明确药理作用或调节功能的活性成分,包括生物碱、黄酮、多酚、多糖等,它们具有调节铁离子代谢和谷胱甘肽代谢以及抑制脂质过氧化等作用,可抑制铁死亡。本文总结了铁死亡的致病机理及植物提取物对铁死亡的调控作用,以期为功能性添加剂的研发提供新的思路。

植物提取物  /  铁死亡  /  抗氧化  /  动物生产

Ferroptosis, a biologically significant form of regulated cell death, participates in the pathological processes of various metabolic diseases and toxicoses. The occurrence of ferroptosis adversely impacts animal production performance and may even lead to mortality, resulting in substantial economic losses for livestock farmers. Consequently, identifying effective functional additives to mitigate or block ferroptosis is of paramount importance. Plant extracts, defined as secondary metabolites isolated from plant tissues through standardized processes, typically contain bioactive compounds with well-documented pharmacological or regulatory functions, including alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and polysaccharides. These natural constituents exhibit regulatory effects on iron ion homeostasis, glutathione metabolism, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation, thereby counteracting ferroptosis. This review summarizes the pathogenic mechanisms of ferroptosis and the modulatory roles of plant extracts in its regulation, aiming to provide novel insights for the development of functional additives in animal husbandry.

plant extract  /  ferroptosis  /  antioxidant  /  animal production
陈佳瑜, 李宏超, 王文文, 王园. 铁死亡的致病机理与植物提取物调控的研究进展. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1289 -1298 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.011
Jiayu CHEN, Hongchao LI, Wenwen WANG, Yuan WANG. Advances in Ferroptosis Pathogenesis and Phytochemical Modulation[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1289 -1298 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.011
随着现代畜牧业的发展,养殖模式已转变为集约化舍饲养殖,这种养殖模式可以大幅提高养殖规模,增加养殖效益。但在集约化舍饲养殖模式下,由于养殖密度过大、饲粮某些营养成分过量或缺乏、运动空间变小、病原微生物侵袭等原因,会使畜禽产生氧化应激,导致生长缓慢,免疫力下降,死亡率增加,严重损害经济效益[1]。畜禽发生氧化应激归咎于细胞中产生过量的活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS),无法及时清除。ROS可由过量的铁通过芬顿反应产生,该氧化应激过程通过双重机制破坏细胞氧化还原稳态:一方面造成还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)代谢性耗竭,另一方面通过氧化修饰直接抑制谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(glutathione peroxidase 4,GPX4)的硒代半胱氨酸活性中心,进而引发细胞内ROS浓度的梯度升高,继而通过氧化应激反应触发脂质过氧化链式反应,最终驱动程序性铁死亡[2,4]。体内外研究发现,常见的植物提取物生物碱、黄酮、多酚、多糖等均具有拮抗氧化应激的作用,对缓解/阻断铁死亡有一定的潜力[5⁃6]。本文通过总结畜禽疾病中铁死亡现象及其致病机理、植物提取物对铁死亡的调控作用机制的研究进展进行综述,旨在深入了解铁死亡在畜禽疾病中的作用,同时为植物提取物在畜禽生产中的开发应用提供理论参考。
铁死亡于2012年被首次提出,是一种程序性细胞死亡形式,该死亡模式通过独特的铁依赖脂质过氧化机制执行,在形态学特征、生化标志物及分子调控网络层面均与其他细胞死亡方式(如凋亡、坏死、自噬及焦亡)存在本质性差异[2,7]。在铁死亡进程中,线粒体呈现出一系列特征性形态学改变。通过电镜观测可发现,线粒体基质出现显著收缩现象,其外膜结构呈现密度增强趋势,内膜嵴排列方式变得疏松无序,部分线粒体甚至出现外膜完整性丧失及结构崩解现象。这些超微结构改变与铁死亡进程中脂质过氧化损伤机制存在密切关联。铁死亡发生的标志为铁离子内流增加、ROS过量累积和脂质过氧化产物增多[3,8]。过量的铁通过芬顿反应产生大量的ROS,无法及时清除,使得细胞内积累的ROS与多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA)发生过氧化反应,产生大量的脂质过氧化物,导致膜损伤和细胞死亡[3,9]。
铁死亡的致病机理涉及谷胱甘肽代谢、铁离子代谢、脂质过氧化反应和甲羟戊酸途径等(图1)[3,8⁃14]。
铁死亡是由铁依赖的ROS积累引起的过度脂质过氧化导致的,当脂质过氧化物清除系统受损时会发生铁死亡,所以维持ROS和脂质过氧化物的正常水平是抑制铁死亡的关键。GSH是一种含巯基的三肽,是畜禽机体内含量最多的内源性抗氧化物质,在非酶抗氧化系统中发挥关键作用[15]。GSH拮抗氧化应激的方式包括两种:一种是直接与ROS结合;另一种是作为GPX4的辅助因子,通过与GPX4偶联促使脂质过氧化产物发生还原反应。GPX4是谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶家族的成员,也是唯一能消除膜脂质过氧化物的酶,能够将细胞有毒性的脂质氢过氧化物(L-OOH)还原为非毒性的脂质醇(L-OH)[16]。
GPX4被认为是调控铁死亡的主要因子之一。通过药理学或遗传学方法抑制GPX4会导致脂质过氧化物积累进而触发铁死亡[4,17⁃18]。抑制GPX4的途径分为两种,一是RAS选择性致死因子3(RAS-selective lethal 3,RSL3)与GPX4的硒代半胱氨酸活性位点共价结合,导致其直接失活[4,19];二是细胞GSH耗尽,导致其间接失活。GSH的生物合成过程为:半胱氨酸和谷氨酸由细胞表面半胱氨酸/谷氨酸转运蛋白系统(cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc-,System Xc-)导入,在谷氨酸-半胱氨酸连接酶(glutamate-cysteine ligase,GCL)和谷胱甘肽合成酶(glutathione synthetase,GSS)催化下生成GSH[20⁃23]。System Xc-由溶质转运载体家族7成员11(solute carrier family 7 member 11,SLC7A11)和溶质转运载体家族3成员2(solute carrier family 3 member 2,SLC3A2)组成[24]。研究表明,铁死亡诱导剂Erastin和柳氮磺胺吡啶可通过抑制SLC7A11的表达,进而降低GSH水平和GPX4活性,导致细胞发生铁死亡[25⁃26]。
铁是一种具有氧化还原活性的金属元素,发生铁死亡的细胞中聚集大量Fe2+,Fe2+与H2O2通过芬顿反应促进ROS的生成,导致非酶性脂质过氧化[27⁃28]。Fe2+的来源途径有两条:一是外部来源,细胞外的Fe3+与循环中的转铁蛋白(transferrin,TF)形成TF-Fe3+-TFR1复合物,与特定的膜转铁蛋白受体蛋白-1(transferrin receptor protein 1,TFR1)结合,送入细胞内。在金属离子稳态调控中,前列腺六次跨膜上皮抗原3(six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3,STEAP3)通过其Fe2+转运活性发挥核心催化功能,介导细胞外Fe3+经由跨膜电子转移过程发生还原反应,最终生成具有生物可利用性的Fe2+形式,Fe2+游离在细胞质中或者形成铁池[12];二是内部产生,存在于铁池中的铁蛋白自噬降解。铁蛋白分子由两种亚基单位组装而成,包括重链1型亚基(ferritin heavy chain 1,FTH1)和与其组合的轻链亚基(ferritin heavy chain 1,FTL)。该异二聚体复合物在不同生理系统中展现出组织特异性表达模式,其亚基配比通过翻译后修饰机制进行动态调整,这种适应性调节在维持细胞铁稳态及响应氧化应激过程中发挥重要调控作用[29⁃30]。在细胞铁稳态调控网络中,核受体共激活因子4(nuclear receptor coactivator 4,NCOA4)作为选择性自噬受体,铁蛋白在其调节下,被自噬体包裹形成封闭小泡,并与溶酶体融合,形成自噬溶酶体[31]。在自噬溶酶体中,组织蛋白酶会将铁蛋白降解,并释放出大量Fe2+,从而介导细胞的铁死亡[32]。
脂质作为细胞结构的基本成分,在细胞结构与功能维持中,脂质作为疏水性生物分子的核心组分,通过其多样化的化学结构参与膜系统构建及能量储存过程。依据极性基团差异,脂质家族可细分为游离脂肪酸、甘油酯类(含三酰甘油酯储能分子)、类固醇及其衍生酯类(如胆固醇酯)、两性磷脂(构成膜双层核心支架)以及鞘脂类(含神经酰胺等信号介质)等,作为信号转导枢纽参与细胞通讯网络的动态调节等功能[34]。脂质过氧化反应表征为细胞膜脂质组分中的多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFAs)在氧化应激状态下发生自由基链式反应,通过复杂的多阶段氧化过程,最终产生包括高活性醛基类化合物及脂质过氧基衍生物在内的系列代谢产物。该过程伴随脂质双分子层结构的破坏性改变,是细胞氧化损伤的重要病理机制之一。在生理状态下,细胞通过精密调控机制维持脂质过氧化反应的动态平衡,使其作为关键信号介质参与能量代谢调节及细胞稳态维持过程。当氧化应激导致脂质过氧化物积累突破临界阈值时,细胞代偿机制将发生功能性崩溃,调控网络失衡最终触发程序性铁死亡的启动[20,35]。PUFA-磷脂(phospholipid,PL)在细胞质/细胞器膜上发生过氧化是铁死亡的经典机制,主要包括3个步骤:1)PUFAs的活化:PUFAs在乙酰辅酶A合成酶长链家族成员4(acyl-CoA synthetaselong-chain family member 4,ACSL4)的催化下生成PUFAs-CoA;2)掺入磷脂膜:PUFAs-CoA与溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺(phosphatidylethanolamines,LPE)或溶血磷脂酰胆碱(lysophosphatidylcholine,LPC)经溶血卵磷脂酰基转移酶3(lyso-phosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3,LPCAT3)酶的作用下被酯化为PUFA-PE或PUFA-PC,并整合到细胞质/细胞器膜中;3)过氧化:在代谢终末阶段,脂质氢过氧化物(PUFAs-PLOOH)的生成主要依赖于花生四烯酸脂氧合酶(arachidonate lipoxygenases,ALOXs)的酶促进催化的作用,该酶家族通过其特异性催化结构域介导多不饱和脂肪酸发生氧化修饰反应,进而引发以自由基传递为特征的链式过氧化反应。花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,AA)、肾上腺酸(adrenic acid,AdA)和二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)是最易发生脂质过氧化的PUFA,具有更高的铁死亡诱导效率[36]。
甲羟戊酸(methylviologen,MVA)途径通过参与脂质过氧化,进而调控铁死亡[37]。MVA途径主要分为4个步骤:1)以Acetyl-CoA为原料,在酰基辅酶A-胆固醇酰基转移酶2(actin alpha 2,ACAT2)、3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A合成酶1(HMGCS1)的作用下生成HMG-CoA;2)HMG-CoA在HMGR的作用下生成MVA;3)MVA在甲羟戊酸激酶的作用下生成IPP;4)IPP在酶促作用下生成辅酶Q10(coenzyme Q10,CoQ10)[14]。IPP可促进硒蛋白的合成,进而通过GPX4调控铁死亡的发生[38]。CoQ10是一种脂溶性醌化合物,存在于细胞膜的磷脂双层中,是内源性铁死亡抑制剂[39⁃40]。CoQ10作为底物可抑制脂质过氧化,减少ROS产生,有助于缓解细胞的氧化损伤,从而抑制铁死亡的发生[41]。在铁死亡发生过程中,外源性诱导剂通过抑制辅酶Q10的生物合成途径,造成GPX4辅因子供应中断、ROS积累,进而激活铁死亡[40]。
肿瘤抑制因子p53(tumor protein 53,p53)在调节铁死亡过程中具有双重作用,其在不同情境下通过转录或翻译发挥作用,它可以直接通过调节代谢靶标来调整细胞的代谢多样性,更多的是促进线粒体呼吸,并导致ROS介导的细胞死亡[42]。一方面,p53通过上调GSL2和精脒/精胺N1-乙酰基转移酶1(SAT1)/花生四烯酸-15-脂加氧酶(ALOX15)诱导铁死亡的发生,p53也通过抑制SLC7A11蛋白的表达,导致胱氨酸的输入减少,GSH的产生减少,从而促进细胞中ROS介导的铁死亡;另一方面,在铁死亡调控网络中,p53通过双重分子机制发挥保护作用:其一,该转录因子可直接结合二肽基肽酶-4(dipeptidyl-peptidase-4,DPP4)基因启动子区,通过表观遗传修饰抑制其二肽基肽酶活性;其二,p53通过增强CDKN1A基因转录激活,上调p21的表达水平,进而阻断铁死亡程序的执行[11]。
植物提取物是通过规范分离工艺从植物组织中提取出的药理成分,其本质为基于不同理化特性采用多样化物理/化学提取方法,对植物次生代谢产物进行定向富集的产物体系,通常包含多组份生物活性物质的单一化合物或混合物,其中包括生物碱、黄酮、多酚、多糖等,因其安全、高效和易获取的特性被广泛研究并加以应用[43⁃45]。植物提取物可通过影响谷胱甘肽代谢、铁离子代谢、抑制脂质过氧化、调节甲羟戊酸途径和p53表达等方式,调控铁死亡。
GPX4在抑制铁死亡中具有重要作用。在对顺铂引起耳毒性的小鼠听神经细胞(HEI-OC1)细胞研究中,无梗五加叶提取物预处理可上调SLC7A11和GPX4表达,降低细胞内ROS水平、维持线粒体膜电位、减少脂质过氧化产物积累,同时增加GSH含量,抑制铁死亡,从而抵抗顺铂引起的耳毒性[46]。此外,红景天苷也可上调CD8T细胞的SLC7A11蛋白的表达[47]。牡荆素是从药用植物中提取的类黄酮单体,研究表明,在高糖处理的HK-2细胞中,牡荆素预处理可抑制高糖诱导的铁死亡,并伴随ROS、Fe2⁺和MDA减少,GSH水平升高,同时上调GPX4和SLC7A11的蛋白表达[48]。在辐射致肺纤维化大鼠模型研究中,当归和黄芪的超滤提取物可使肺组织中GPX4蛋白表达增加[49]。东紫苏多酚提取物可降低氧化损伤HepG2细胞中的ROS和MDA含量,增加GSH含量、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)及过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性[51]。
植物提取物对铁离子代谢具有一定的调节作用,其可以调节细胞内铁的浓度、影响铁转运蛋白的表达等。研究表明,多酚可以与机体无法利用的铁结合形成复合物,进而影响铁代谢,对铁死亡的治疗有一定的潜力[52⁃53]。槲皮素是一种天然黄酮类化合物,具有较高的铁螯合能力,能够结合癌细胞中的铁从而改变铁代谢[54]。蒲公英是菊科的一种传统中草药,也具有调节铁离子代谢的作用[54⁃55]。研究表明,蒲公英多糖(DP)可降低HepG2和Huh7细胞中的游离铁含量[55,57]。在大鼠心肌细胞缺氧模型试验中,芦荟素能够螯合铁离子,减少铁离子介导的ROS产生,还可以通过抑制铁蛋白降解阻止铁离子释放,从而抑制铁死亡[60]。在大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤试验中,白杨素和三七总皂苷可以降低脑组织中铁离子浓度,减少细胞内铁蓄积,从而抑制铁死亡[61]。东紫苏多酚、金盏花皂苷、艾叶水相提取物对铁离子具有较强的还原能力[51,58⁃59]。
植物提取物具有抑制细胞脂质过氧化的效果,可以保护细胞膜免受破坏、减少脂质过氧化物生成[62]。异前列腺素是脂质过氧化的代谢产物[63]。研究表明,在氧化应激诱导后,石榴提取物处理的细胞相较于未处理细胞脂质过氧化产生的异前列腺素显著降低[64]。在脂质过氧化的起始阶段,自由基(如羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基等)会攻击细胞膜中的PUFA,引发脂质过氧化反应[65]。有研究表明,槲皮素、杨梅素和肉豆蔻素具有清除自由基的功能,并且能够在其到达反应位点之前清除,从而抑制脂质过氧化的发生[66]。长角豆荚果提取物具有清除自由基、还原铁离子的作用,防止铁离子催化脂质过氧化反应[67]。AA是易发生脂质过氧化的PUFA,在铁死亡中起着重要作用[36]。研究表明,金针菇多糖显著降低了AKI小鼠肾代谢物中AA的含量,从而抑制脂质过氧化的发生[68]。PUFA的脂质过氧化可以产生多种氧化产物,如L-OOH和MDA,最终引发细胞死亡。研究表明,鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖是一种从油茶中分离的多糖,其在Caco-2细胞诱导的溃疡性结肠炎模型中可减少L-OOH的产生,并增强SOD的活性,从而抑制脂质过氧化的发生[69]。通过石蒜碱预处理缺氧/复氧H9C2细胞,可增强H9C2心肌细胞活力及SOD的活性并降低MDA的含量,从而抑制脂质过氧化的发生[70]。桔梗皂苷D是从桔梗根中提取出来的皂苷类产物,研究表明,在高糖处理的HK2细胞中,经桔梗皂苷D处理后可下调ACSL4蛋白的表达,从而抑制脂质过氧化的发生[71]。在大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞/再灌注模型和氧糖剥夺/再氧合损伤的PC12细胞模型中,天麻素显著减少了铁离子含量,抑制ROS产生,改善线粒体膜电位,通过调节ACSL4/LPCAT3通路,减轻了缺血性中风中的铁死亡[50]。
近年来研究表明,多种植物提取物也可通过靶向MVA途径的酶或代谢产物调控铁死亡的发生。MVA途径的关键限速酶为3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMG-CoA reductase)[72]。研究表明,在高脂饮食诱导的高血脂症小鼠模型下,添加山楂多酚可以下调3-羟基3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A(HMG-CoA)的表达;L-o2肝细胞在石榴皮多酚的作用下也可以下调HMG-CoA的表达,进而促进铁死亡的发生[73]。淫黄葛合剂可提高阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠脑组织的CoQ10水平,从而抑制铁死亡[74]。
研究表明,雷公藤红素通过激活SMMC-7721细胞p53的磷酸化、抑制System Xc-活性、降低GSH水平,从而促进脂质过氧化和铁死亡[75]。姜黄素通过诱导结直肠癌细胞p53的乙酰化,增强其转录活性,进而下调SLC7A11的表达,抑制胱氨酸摄取,导致GSH耗竭和脂质过氧化积累,最终触发铁死亡[76]。在AD模型APP/PS1小鼠中,芍药苷可特异性地结合p53,减轻氧化应激损伤,增加SOD表达,从而抑制铁死亡的发生[47]。
植物提取物具有调节铁离子铁代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢、抑制脂质过氧化等的作用,其对铁死亡的调控作用为畜禽疾病的治疗提供了新思路。植物提取物是从植物中提取的特定成分,具有易获得、价格低廉等优点,是调控铁死亡的理想物质。然而,植物提取物对铁死亡的调控作用具有显著复杂性,这主要体现为三方面特征:其一,作用方向呈现“双刃剑”效应,既可抑制也可诱导铁死亡进程;其二,多组分协同调控机制尚未明确,活性成分间的相互作用模式仍待解析;其三,调控过程涉及铁代谢、脂质过氧化等多条信号通路的交叉互作网络,通路间的交互作用尚未完全阐明。此外,在此基础上还需进一步研究不同类别的植物提取物对铁死亡的调控作用及其分子机制,为动物生产中植物提取物对铁死亡的调控作用提供指导。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32260840)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32460843)
  • 2023年度自治区本级事业单位引进高层次人才科研支持项目
  • 呼和浩特市科技创新领域人才项目(2022RC-产研院-4)
  • 内蒙古自治区教育厅一流学科科研专项项目(YLXKZX-NND-007)
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2026年第57卷第3期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.011
  • 接收时间:2025-03-21
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-03-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-21
基金
国家自然科学基金(32260840)
国家自然科学基金(32460843)
2023年度自治区本级事业单位引进高层次人才科研支持项目
呼和浩特市科技创新领域人才项目(2022RC-产研院-4)
内蒙古自治区教育厅一流学科科研专项项目(YLXKZX-NND-007)
作者信息
    1.内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院,呼和浩特 010018
    2.智慧畜牧自治区高等学校重点实验室/内蒙古自治区高校智慧畜牧集成攻关大平台/内蒙古自治区草食家畜饲料技术研究中心/国家乳业技术创新中心奶牛繁育与养殖技术研究中心,呼和浩特 010018

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王园,主要从事智慧养殖与生物饲料技术创新研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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