Article(id=1307013861417185332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1753718400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545987705, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1774195200000, pubDateStr=2026-03-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545987705, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545987705, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545987705, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013423896753139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='3', pageStart='1177', pageEnd='1776', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774195200000', pubDateStr='2026-03-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545883392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609930841, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307282058464743902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013423896753139, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1214, endPage=1226, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013861639483445, articleId=1307013861417185332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Research Progress of Genes Regulating Tail Type Trait in Sheep, columnId=1307007397399126026, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=REVIEW, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Excessive fat accumulation in the ovine caudal region compromises feed efficiency and reproductive performance, consequently elevating production costs and diminishing producer incomes. Furthermore, tail docking fails to mitigate caudal adiposity; instead, it promotes ectopic fat deposition within the gluteal musculature. Consequently, the development of thin-tailed sheep populations through genome-wide selection has emerged as a critical objective for sheep breeders, and the key to addressing this challenge lies in identifying genes associated with ovine tail phenotypes. This review systematically synthesizes current knowledge on the functions of key genes (e.g. BMP2, PDGFD, and TBXT) and their epigenetic regulatory mechanisms involved in regulating sheep tail types, focusing on both adipogenesis and tail vertebrae length. Additionally, it explores the conservation value of fat-tailed sheep as a unique genetic resource. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the genomic selection and breeding of sheep breeds with specific tail conformations.

, authors=Jianxiang TANG1, 2, Chao YUAN1, 2, Tingting GUO1, 2, Bowen CHEN1, 2, Zengkui LU1, 2, Jianbin LIU1, 2, authorsList=Jianxiang TANG, Chao YUAN, Tingting GUO, Bowen CHEN, Zengkui LU, Jianbin LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zengkui LU, Jianbin LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LU Zengkui, E-mail:
LIU Jianbin, E-mail:
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绵羊尾部沉积大量脂肪将导致饲料利用率和繁殖率降低,进而增加养殖成本和减少农牧民的收入。但断尾并不能解决绵羊尾部脂肪沉积的现象,反而将更多的脂肪囤积在臀部肌肉中。因此,如何通过全基因组选择育种手段培育瘦尾羊已成为绵羊育种者关注的焦点,解决这一问题的关键是寻找到与绵羊尾部表型相关的基因。本文主要从脂肪沉积与尾椎骨长度两个方面,系统梳理了参与调控绵羊尾型关键基因的功能(如BMP2、PDGFD和TBXT)及其表观遗传调控机制,并探讨了脂尾羊作为特殊遗传资源的保护价值,为基于基因组选育特定尾型绵羊品种提供了理论依据。

, authors=唐健翔1, 2, 袁超1, 2, 郭婷婷1, 2, 陈博雯1, 2, 卢曾奎1, 2, 刘建斌1, 2, authorsList=唐健翔, 袁超, 郭婷婷, 陈博雯, 卢曾奎, 刘建斌, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=卢曾奎, 刘建斌, authorNote=

唐健翔,硕士生,主要从事动物遗传育种研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
卢曾奎,主要从事绵羊遗传育种研究,E-mail:
刘建斌,主要从事绵羊资源与育种研究,E-mail:
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DOI:10.3724/sp.j.1005.2013.01384, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307281471933272741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013861417185332, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[98], rfOrder=102, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAN S Q,SHEN M,LI H,et al.Polymorphism of the 60149273th loci on X chromosome among fat tail and thin tail breeds and its gene mapping[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(22):4791-4799.(in Chinese). 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Association of BMP2 gene variants with tail type traits in sheep

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

位置/bp

Position

碱基变化

Base change

变异类型

Variation type

性状

Trait

品种

Breed

参考文献

Reference

48 401 619T>A/尾长湖羊、藏羊、杜湖F1Lu等[31]
48 401 272C>A/尾长
48 401 136C>T/尾长
51 760 995A>C/尾脂沉积湖羊、藏羊等16个中国本土绵羊品种,澳洲白绵羊、杜泊羊等10个国际引进品种Zhang等[35]
48 462 350C>T错义突变尾脂沉积5个野生绵羊品种、66个家养品种Jin等[38]
48 462 350C>T错义突变尾宽蒙古羊Pan等[30]
48 651 711T>C外显子区突变尾脂沉积大尾寒羊、阿勒泰羊、藏羊Zhu等[32]
), ArticleFig(id=1307281455596458547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013861417185332, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

绵羊BMP2基因变异位点与尾型性状关联性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

位置/bp

Position

碱基变化

Base change

变异类型

Variation type

性状

Trait

品种

Breed

参考文献

Reference

48 401 619T>A/尾长湖羊、藏羊、杜湖F1Lu等[31]
48 401 272C>A/尾长
48 401 136C>T/尾长
51 760 995A>C/尾脂沉积湖羊、藏羊等16个中国本土绵羊品种,澳洲白绵羊、杜泊羊等10个国际引进品种Zhang等[35]
48 462 350C>T错义突变尾脂沉积5个野生绵羊品种、66个家养品种Jin等[38]
48 462 350C>T错义突变尾宽蒙古羊Pan等[30]
48 651 711T>C外显子区突变尾脂沉积大尾寒羊、阿勒泰羊、藏羊Zhu等[32]
), ArticleFig(id=1307281455684538932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013861417185332, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Association of PDGFD gene variants with tail type traits in sheep

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

位置/bp

Position

碱基变化

Base change

变异类型

Variation type

性状

Trait

品种

Breed

参考文献

Reference

4 122 606C>G内含子区尾长湖羊、藏羊、杜湖F1Li等[1]
3 852 134C>T启动子区尾宽
3 622 093C>T同义突变尾宽蒙古羊Pan等[30]
3 871 017C>A外显子区突变尾脂沉积大尾寒羊、阿勒泰羊、藏羊Zhu等[32]
3 900 312G>A错义突变尾脂沉积5个野生绵羊品种、66个家养品种Jin等[38]
3 091 174/内含子区突变尾脂发育盘羊、藏羊等30个不同绵羊品种Dong等[44]
), ArticleFig(id=1307281455743259189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013861417185332, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

绵羊PDGFD基因变异位点与尾型性状关联性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

位置/bp

Position

碱基变化

Base change

变异类型

Variation type

性状

Trait

品种

Breed

参考文献

Reference

4 122 606C>G内含子区尾长湖羊、藏羊、杜湖F1Li等[1]
3 852 134C>T启动子区尾宽
3 622 093C>T同义突变尾宽蒙古羊Pan等[30]
3 871 017C>A外显子区突变尾脂沉积大尾寒羊、阿勒泰羊、藏羊Zhu等[32]
3 900 312G>A错义突变尾脂沉积5个野生绵羊品种、66个家养品种Jin等[38]
3 091 174/内含子区突变尾脂发育盘羊、藏羊等30个不同绵羊品种Dong等[44]
), ArticleFig(id=1307281455822950966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013861417185332, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Association of TBXT gene variants with tail type traits in sheep

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

位置/bp

Position

碱基变化

Base change

变异类型

Variation type

性状

Trait

品种

Breed

参考文献

Reference

88 341 610C>G同义突变尾长、尾椎数帕米尔盘羊、藏羊等Li等[55]
88 341 611C>A错义突变尾长、尾椎数
), ArticleFig(id=1307281455936197175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013861417185332, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

绵羊TBXT基因变异位点与尾型性状关联性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

位置/bp

Position

碱基变化

Base change

变异类型

Variation type

性状

Trait

品种

Breed

参考文献

Reference

88 341 610C>G同义突变尾长、尾椎数帕米尔盘羊、藏羊等Li等[55]
88 341 611C>A错义突变尾长、尾椎数
), ArticleFig(id=1307281456015888952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013861417185332, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Association of additional candidate gene variants with tail type traits in sheep

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

基因

Gene

染色体Chromosome

位置/bp

Position

碱基变化Base change变异类型Variation type

性状

Trait

品种

Breed

参考文献Reference
GLIS1127 807 636G>T错义突变尾脂沉积

戴瑞羊、东弗里生羊、东弗里生羊×小尾寒

羊F1代

Luo等[79]
FTO1423 704 451C>A内含子区突变尾长、尾脂重湖羊Zhao等[78]
ELOVL52062 534C>T同义突变尾宽、尾脂重湖羊、滩羊Zhao等[75]
FASN1112 694A>G同义突变尾宽、尾长湖羊、滩羊
RAP1GAP213 561G>A/尾宽、尾脂重湖羊Ma等[76]
HMGA1205 312C>T/尾脂重湖羊Wang等[77]
), ArticleFig(id=1307281456103969337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013861417185332, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

绵羊其它候选基因变异位点与尾型性状关联性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

基因

Gene

染色体Chromosome

位置/bp

Position

碱基变化Base change变异类型Variation type

性状

Trait

品种

Breed

参考文献Reference
GLIS1127 807 636G>T错义突变尾脂沉积

戴瑞羊、东弗里生羊、东弗里生羊×小尾寒

羊F1代

Luo等[79]
FTO1423 704 451C>A内含子区突变尾长、尾脂重湖羊Zhao等[78]
ELOVL52062 534C>T同义突变尾宽、尾脂重湖羊、滩羊Zhao等[75]
FASN1112 694A>G同义突变尾宽、尾长湖羊、滩羊
RAP1GAP213 561G>A/尾宽、尾脂重湖羊Ma等[76]
HMGA1205 312C>T/尾脂重湖羊Wang等[77]
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调控绵羊尾型性状基因的研究进展
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唐健翔 1, 2 , 袁超 1, 2 , 郭婷婷 1, 2 , 陈博雯 1, 2 , 卢曾奎 1, 2 , 刘建斌 1, 2
畜牧兽医学报 | 综述 2026,57(3): 1214-1226
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畜牧兽医学报 |综述 2026 , 57 (3) : 1214 -1226
调控绵羊尾型性状基因的研究进展
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唐健翔1, 2 , 袁超1, 2, 郭婷婷1, 2, 陈博雯1, 2, 卢曾奎1, 2 , 刘建斌1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所/农业农村部青藏高原畜禽遗传育种重点实验室,兰州 730050
  • 2.中国农业科学院羊育种工程技术研究中心,兰州 730050
通讯作者:
卢曾奎,主要从事绵羊遗传育种研究,E-mail:
刘建斌,主要从事绵羊资源与育种研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

唐健翔,硕士生,主要从事动物遗传育种研究,E-mail:

Research Progress of Genes Regulating Tail Type Trait in Sheep
Jianxiang TANG1, 2 , Chao YUAN1, 2, Tingting GUO1, 2, Bowen CHEN1, 2, Zengkui LU1, 2 , Jianbin LIU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730050,China
  • 2.Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730050,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LU Zengkui, E-mail:
    LIU Jianbin, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.005
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绵羊尾部沉积大量脂肪将导致饲料利用率和繁殖率降低,进而增加养殖成本和减少农牧民的收入。但断尾并不能解决绵羊尾部脂肪沉积的现象,反而将更多的脂肪囤积在臀部肌肉中。因此,如何通过全基因组选择育种手段培育瘦尾羊已成为绵羊育种者关注的焦点,解决这一问题的关键是寻找到与绵羊尾部表型相关的基因。本文主要从脂肪沉积与尾椎骨长度两个方面,系统梳理了参与调控绵羊尾型关键基因的功能(如BMP2、PDGFD和TBXT)及其表观遗传调控机制,并探讨了脂尾羊作为特殊遗传资源的保护价值,为基于基因组选育特定尾型绵羊品种提供了理论依据。

绵羊  /  尾脂沉积  /  尾椎长度  /  调控基因

Excessive fat accumulation in the ovine caudal region compromises feed efficiency and reproductive performance, consequently elevating production costs and diminishing producer incomes. Furthermore, tail docking fails to mitigate caudal adiposity; instead, it promotes ectopic fat deposition within the gluteal musculature. Consequently, the development of thin-tailed sheep populations through genome-wide selection has emerged as a critical objective for sheep breeders, and the key to addressing this challenge lies in identifying genes associated with ovine tail phenotypes. This review systematically synthesizes current knowledge on the functions of key genes (e.g. BMP2, PDGFD, and TBXT) and their epigenetic regulatory mechanisms involved in regulating sheep tail types, focusing on both adipogenesis and tail vertebrae length. Additionally, it explores the conservation value of fat-tailed sheep as a unique genetic resource. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the genomic selection and breeding of sheep breeds with specific tail conformations.

sheep  /  tail fat deposition  /  tail vertebrae length  /  regulatory gene
唐健翔, 袁超, 郭婷婷, 陈博雯, 卢曾奎, 刘建斌. 调控绵羊尾型性状基因的研究进展. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1214 -1226 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.005
Jianxiang TANG, Chao YUAN, Tingting GUO, Bowen CHEN, Zengkui LU, Jianbin LIU. Research Progress of Genes Regulating Tail Type Trait in Sheep[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (3) : 1214 -1226 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.005
根据绵羊尾部脂肪沉积程度和尾椎长度的差异,可以将其分为短瘦尾羊、长瘦尾羊、短脂尾羊、长脂尾羊和肥臀羊等5种尾型。尾型作为绵羊的显著形态特征,在不同地理和生态环境下呈现出丰富的多样性[1,2]。目前,相关研究主要围绕尾部脂肪沉积与尾椎骨长度两个维度展开。一方面,由于绵羊尾部脂肪中含有高比例的非末端支链脂肪酸,其脂肪沉积的遗传调控机制可能与其他部位存在差异[3]。但具体的分子遗传机制尚不明确,目前仅初步筛选出部分候选基因及遗传变异位点。另一方面,尾椎数目作为决定尾巴长度的关键因素,对尾型性状具有重要影响[4,5],通常,尾椎数与脂肪沉积呈正相关(肥臀羊除外)。虽然瘦尾羊具有较高的饲料转化率,符合集约化养殖的需求;但脂尾羊在经历自然选择后形成的抗逆性是种业安全与遗传多样性保护的关键资源。以往的研究常利用脂尾羊与瘦尾羊的极端表型差异来挖掘关键的调控基因。尽管培育瘦尾羊可直接改良尾型,但脂尾羊在特定生态环境下(如高寒、干旱)具有不可替代的适应性,单纯的品种替代难以兼顾抗逆性与经济效益。因此,从基因组水平解析绵羊尾部脂肪沉积与尾椎发育的分子机制,有助于在保留优良适应性的基础上精准改良尾型性状,以平衡生态适应性与经济效益。
绵羊具有一种独特的代谢机制,可以将脂肪储存在尾巴中形成肥尾。脂尾羊约占全球绵羊总数的25%,主要分布在中东、北非、东非和中亚[6]。《中国畜禽遗传资源志·羊志》中记载了我国42个地方绵羊品种,其中12个属于瘦尾羊[7]。从进化的角度来看,脂尾羊的大尾巴是为了适应恶劣环境而产生的一种生存机制[8]。但是从我国绵羊产业发展来看,将绵羊饲养于集约或半集约化条件下,尾部脂肪已不再具备能源储存的意义[6,9]。尾部脂肪沉积的强度高于机体其他部位,而且脂肪在尾部沉积需要消耗的能量是等量肌肉组织的2倍或更多[10]。此外,就目前市场价格而言,每千克尾脂为6元,而每千克羊肉为70元。部分脂尾羊的尾部脂肪重量达到了胴体重量的15%,但人们对尾脂的利用率极低[11],甚至在某些屠宰场,将大量尾脂进行深埋处理。因此,养殖脂尾羊将导致饲料利用率降低,进而增加养殖成本和减少农牧民收入。在放牧羊群中,肥大的尾巴会影响绵羊的繁殖率,在交配时需要额外的劳动力抬起尾巴来帮助绵羊进行繁殖。鉴于这种现象,农牧民对羔羊进行断尾处理。但是断尾处理操作不当会引发伤口感染和脱肛的风险。此外,断尾并不能解决绵羊尾部脂肪沉积的现象,更多的脂肪将囤积在臀部肌肉中。研究表明当一只公羊只能接触到一只母羊时,无论尾巴的有无,它们都表现出相似的性行为,而当一只公羊具有选择性时,它更喜欢完整无缺的母羊,而不是断尾的母羊作为性伴侣[12⁃14]。绵羊断尾有利于生产者的管理,但是考虑到动物福利,许多国家禁止对绵羊进行断尾[15]。
尾型性状(包括尾脂沉积和尾椎骨长度)属于典型的数量性状,受多基因和环境因素的共同调控,遗传机制复杂,随着现代研究手段的不断进步,其遗传架构正逐步被揭示。目前研究主要依托多组学技术系统筛选与尾型相关的遗传变异与表达特征。例如,全基因组关联分析(genome wide association study,GWAS)用于在全基因组范围内检测与尾型显著相关的遗传位点[16]。选择信号分析主要包括群体分化指数(fixation index,FST)、核苷酸多样性比值(nucleotide diversity ration,π-Ratio)和跨群体扩展单倍型纯合性检验(cross population extended haplotype homozygosity,XP-EHH)等,它们可识别在脂尾与瘦尾羊群体中受选择的基因组区域。转录组测序(RNA sequencing,RNA-seq)则能够揭示不同尾型绵羊中基因的表达水平[17⁃19]。近年来,针对绵羊尾型性状调控机制进行了广泛研究。考古学证据表明,绵羊约在9 000年前被驯化,脂尾羊则约在5 000年前由瘦尾羊演化而来[20,21]。Moradi等[6]对9个绵羊品种的272只个体进行选择信号分析,发现5、7和X染色体上的3个候选区域与绵羊尾型相关。同时,我国科学家也从基因组和转录组水平对脂尾羊和瘦尾羊的尾脂沉积机制进行了广泛研究。Wang等[22]通过RNA-Seq在哈萨克羊和西藏羊尾脂中鉴定到646个差异表达基因,这些基因被显著富集在脂肪酸代谢和细胞连接等相关通路中。尽管国内外学者对绵羊尾脂沉积进行大量研究,但基本上只是挖掘出相关的调控基因,具体调控机制尚不明确,并没有完全实现“断尾”的效果。
BMP2位于绵羊13号染色体,属于转化生长因子β家族[23],具有广泛的生物活性,在骨骼肌发育、成骨和成脂分化过程中发挥着重要作用[24,25]。针对BMP2在绵羊尾脂沉积中的作用,根据现有的研究发现可以大致分为两个层次:一是基于遗传关联的初步定位研究,二是深入的功能机制探索。针对多个绵羊品种,多项全基因组分析研究一致发现BMP2与绵羊尾脂沉积存在显著关联。Moioli等[26]通过Ovine SNP50K BeadChip比较2只脂尾羊和13只瘦尾羊的遗传差异以试图确定与绵羊脂肪沉积相关的基因组区域,发现BMP2和VNRT可能与脂尾羊的尾型相关。Yuan等[27]通过Ovine SNP50K BeadChip对脂尾和瘦尾羊进行选择信号分析,发现BMP2可能在脂尾羊尾脂沉积中起重要作用。Zhao等[28]利用Ovine Infinium HD SNP BeadChip对中国地方绵羊品种大尾寒羊、阿勒泰羊和藏羊进行基因分型,发现BMP2与绵羊尾型相关。Baazaoui等[29]通过Ovine SNP50K BeadChip对63份突尼斯绵羊样品进行纯合性片段(runs of homozygosity,ROH)和Fst分析,在13号染色体46.58~49.61 Mb区域检测到显著受选择信号,该区域内的候选基因BMP2与脂质储存相关。之后,更为深入的研究则进一步揭示了BMP2可能的作用机制(表1)。Pan等[30]通过对89只绵羊进行全基因组扫描,发现BMP2的一个C/T错义突变在绵羊尾脂沉积方面起到重要调控作用。Lu等[31]在533只绵羊中发现BMP2的3个SNPs位点与尾长显著相关,进一步在细胞水平验证,发现过表达BMP2显著上调过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ,PPARγ)和脂蛋白脂酶(lipoprteinlipase,LPL)的表达,表明BMP2可能通过调控脂代谢参与绵羊尾部脂肪沉积。Zhu等[32]利用Ovine Infinium HD SNP BeadChip对大尾寒羊、阿勒泰羊、藏羊进行全基因组关联分析,发现BMP2外显子T/C突变与绵羊尾型相关。Jin等[33]通过RNA-Seq分析湖羊和藏羊尾脂中的差异表达基因,发现BMP2可能通过前脂肪细胞中的赖氨酰氧化酶(lysyl oxidase, LOX)诱导脂肪形成。Xu等[34]在脂尾与瘦尾羊的对比研究中,通过多组学数据分析与全基因组选择性扫描,发现BMP2促进脂肪细胞的增殖。Zhang等[35]通过整合多组学数据,将绵羊尾脂沉积的关键区域定位至13号染色体,并发现BMP2上A/C的一个关键因果变异位点,功能实验证实BMP2过表达可增强脂肪生成,抑制则会阻碍脂肪生成。Ben Jemaa等[36]利用Ovine SNP50K BeadChip对5个北非国家绵羊品种进行主成分分析,发现最强的选择信号分别位于1号和13号染色体,其中13号染色体跨越BMP2,其结果支持了BMP2与绵羊尾型之间存在直接关系。与之前的研究结果一致,Abbasabadi等]37]分析了7个脂尾羊与瘦尾羊比较基因组数据,发现BMP2是绵羊尾型性状关联的最有前景候选基因之一。Jin等[38]基于全球283个绵羊样本,包含家养及野生品种的全基因组数据,通过FST和XP-EHH等方法,确定BMP2的一个C/T错义突变是驱动绵羊尾部脂肪沉积的关键遗传变异。这些功能层面的研究将BMP2从遗传关联信号提升为绵羊尾脂沉积的关键候选基因。
近年来,针对绵羊尾脂沉积的遗传机制研究取得了突破性进展,多维度数据共同揭示了BMP2在尾脂沉积中的核心作用。早期研究通过SNP芯片技术初步锁定BMP2为候选基因,随后在不同品种全基因组扫描中进一步验证BMP2的功能效应。如表1所示,可以发现BMP2中多个变异位点与绵羊尾型性状相关,其中48 462 350 bp处的C/T错义突变被不同研究者共同检测到,这极大地增强了该位点作为影响绵羊尾脂沉积关键因果变异的可信度,为后续功能验证与分子育种应用提供了有力证据。另外,功能试验进一步证实,BMP2的过表达可通过激活LOX和Wnt/β-catenin通路促进前脂肪细胞分化及脂滴积累,而BMP2沉默则显著抑制脂肪生成[33,38]。通过上述的研究结果可以发现,BMP2在尾型发育过程中被鉴定为调控绵羊尾部脂肪沉积的关键候选基因。
血小板衍生的生长因子(platelet-derived growth factor,PDGF)是成纤维细胞、平滑肌细胞和其他细胞的主要有丝分裂原。PDGFD位于绵羊15号染色体,它在脂肪干细胞中高度表达,是一种强有力的促有丝分裂因子。PDGFD上调了脂肪干细胞中生长因子的表达并增强其再生潜力[39]。根据现有的研究总结发现,PDGFD在绵羊尾脂沉积中的作用主要分为3个层级:遗传关联研究、功能探索以及等位基因效应分析。在遗传关联层面,多项研究通过不同的选择信号分析发现PDGFD与绵羊尾脂沉积显著相关。Wei等[40]通过Ovine SNP50K BeadChip对10个中国绵羊品种进行全基因组水平分析,发现PDGFD可能在绵羊尾脂沉积中发挥作用。Li等[41]利用Ovine Infinium HD SNP BeadChip(680 K)对3个新疆绵羊品种与萨福克羊、陶赛特羊进行选择信号分析,发现PDGFD与绵羊尾型和脂质代谢密切相关。Li等[42]利用Ovine SNP50K BeadChip对吉尔吉斯斯坦绵羊与中国美利奴羊进行基因分型,通过整合群体分化指数和单倍型统计分析发现PDGFD是调控绵羊尾部脂肪沉积的关键基因。Qi等[43]对49只蒙古羊与巴美肉羊进行双端测序,通过FST、π-Ratio、XP-EHH三种方法分析,发现PDGFD与尾脂沉积有关。在功能性探索层面,Dong等[44]构建全球32个绵羊品种(n=968)的基因组数据,通过群体分化指数和衍生等位基因频率差异联合分析,发现PDGFD第一内含子中6.8 kb关键调控区突变可能通过调控转录活性影响脂肪沉积。Li等[1]基于248只绵羊的全基因组测序及多组学分析,发现PDGFD与绵羊尾部脂肪沉积呈负相关(表2)。Zhu等[32]利用Ovine Infinium HD SNP BeadChip对大尾寒羊、阿勒泰羊、藏羊进行全基因组关联分析,发现PDGFD外显子C/A突变与尾型显著相关。Wang等[45]对15只成年杂交绵羊,特塞尔♂×哈萨克♀的脂肪组织进行全基因组重测序,通过等位基因特异性表达和等位基因特异性剪接,发现PDGFD会影响绵羊尾型性状。Li等[46]基于649只家养绵羊的全基因组数据,通过群体性分支统计比较8个脂尾羊品种与10个瘦尾羊品种,发现BMP2与PDGFD周围的区域与绵羊尾脂沉积相关。Kalds等[47]基于631只绵羊全基因组数据,通过单标记关联分析发现PDGFD区域的单倍型在瘦尾羊与脂尾羊之间差异显著,进一步利用CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术构建PDGFD修饰绵羊模型,发现其潜在参与绵羊尾型形成。值得注意的是,该基因的调控模式可能并非单一。Jin等[38]基于全球283个绵羊样本,含家养及野生品种的全基因组数据,通过FST和XP-EHH两种分析方法检测候选基因,确定了PDGFD的一个G/A错义突变与绵羊尾脂沉积相关。Li等[48]在533只绵羊中鉴定出PDGFD的2个SNPs位点突变与尾型显著关联,并通过细胞试验证实PDGFD过表达可促进脂肪沉积。这两个相反的结论,却可能揭示PDGFD在不同生理状态或不同品种中作用的复杂性。
PDGFD作为绵羊尾部脂肪沉积的调控因子,其遗传效应与分子机制在近年研究中逐渐清晰。全基因组水平的选择信号分析(如Fst、XP-EHH)在多个绵羊群体中持续检测到该基因受到正向选择,其第一内含子6.8 kb区域及外显子C/A、错义G/A等突变被证实与尾型显著关联。功能研究表明,PDGFD在绵羊前脂肪细胞中过表达可促进成脂分化,但转录组与蛋白组数据却显示其表达量与脂肪沉积呈负相关,提示其可能在不同发育阶段或细胞微环境中具有双重调控作用。值得注意的是,BMP2也被证实是绵羊尾脂代谢调控中的关键基因,其与PDGFD可能通过信号通路交互发挥协同作用。研究表明,BMP2可通过Smad和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase,p38 MARK)信号通路激活PPARγ以诱导脂肪生成,同时,也可以激活PI3K/Akt通路以促进成骨细胞分化[39,49]。而PDGFD可通过PI3K/Akt通路上调脂肪分化标志基因(PPARγ和LPL),以促进脂肪前体细胞的增殖[1,50]。由此发现,PDGFD激活的PI3K/Akt通路与BMP2激活的p38 MARK通路可能存在交汇点。PI3K/Akt通路也可以被BMP2调控,并能同时调节Smad蛋白的活性和稳定性,这种双向调控可能产生一个协同作用,共同促进绵羊尾脂沉积。BMP2介导的成脂分化信号与PDGFD介导的促增殖信号相结合,从而高效地驱动脂肪细胞的发育过程。例如,PDGFD可能在前期诱导脂肪前体细胞增殖过程中发挥作用,BMP2则在分化期表达上调,主导成脂分化。因此,BMP2与PDGFD很可能不是独立调控脂代谢,而是通过信号通路的交互与下游靶基因的协同调控,共同促进绵羊尾脂的沉积。
对于调控绵羊尾型性状的基因来说,不仅可以从脂肪沉积的角度来影响绵羊的尾型性状,还可以从尾椎数量与尾巴长度来影响绵羊的尾型性状。这为解决绵羊断尾问题提供了新的思路。Herrmann等[51]在8号染色体上发现T-box转录因子T(T-box transcription factor T,TBXT),是最早在小鼠中发现的发育转录因子。通过整理有关TBXT调控动物尾椎发育的研究发现,当前研究可分成3个层级:遗传关联分析、分子机制探索、育种技术开发。在遗传关联层面,Pinto等[52]发现TBXT在小鼠胚胎椎体发育中起着关键的作用,当敲除该基因时,小鼠的胚胎会出现致死的现象。Buckingham等[53]发现TBXT在猫、狗和牛的尾椎骨发育中有关键的作用,在猫中发现多个TBXT变异等位基因与短尾表型相关。Zhi等[5]发现TBXT参与中胚层的形成和分化,并调节各种哺乳动物,包括绵羊的尾椎数。在分子机制研究层面,Han等[54]对绵羊尾部脂肪沉积进行研究,发现TBXT外显子中存在两个突变位点可导致绵羊尾巴变短。Li等[55]基于帕米尔盘羊×藏羊模型及425只后代的高通量测序,通过FST、π-Ratio两种分析方法锁定TBXT,GWAS发现2个关键突变c.333C/A和c.334C/G与绵羊尾长和尾椎数显著相关,并通过CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术证实该突变通过减少尾椎数导致短尾表型(表3)。Su等[56]通过CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术构建小鼠模型,将小鼠上TBXTc.G334T生成位置突变,小鼠发生短尾表型。在育种应用层面,Yang等[57]利用高分辨率熔解曲线(high resolution melting,HRM)对瘦尾羊群体TBXT进行基因分型,建立了一种快速、低成本的可用于绵羊尾型精准鉴定的方法。Zhou等[58]通过引物编辑器(prime editor,PE)将TBXTp.G112W精准引入绵羊模型中,从而得到了短尾绵羊。
近年来,TBXT在调控绵羊尾椎数量及尾部形态中的核心作用逐渐明确,为理解绵羊尾型性状的遗传机制提供了新视角。TBXT被证实在多种动物的脊椎发育中发挥作用,其功能缺失会导致小鼠等模型动物出现尾椎发育缺陷。在绵羊中,高通量测序和全基因组关联分析鉴定出TBXT的c.333C/A和c.334C/G位点,并通过CRISPR-Cas9技术证实这些位点通过减少尾椎数目导致短尾表型,首次在绵羊中确立其基因型与表型间的因果关系。同时,利用基因编辑技术证实TBXTp.G112W等位点对短尾表型具有作用,且跨物种试验也重现类似表型,体现了该基因在脊椎发育中的进化保守性。
HOX是编码螺旋-转角-螺旋转录因子的一大类相关基因[59]。除鱼类之外,大多数脊椎动物都有39个HOX,它们被分成4个不同的染色体簇(HOXA、HOXB、HOXC、HOXD),排列在不同染色体上。哺乳动物的尾巴长度由多种遗传调控因素决定,其中包括HOXB13,其功能是终止体轴[60]。当前,针对HOXB13调控绵羊尾长变异中的作用开展了许多研究,根据研究深度与内容可以分成两个层级:遗传关联分析与功能机制探索。在遗传关联层面,多项组学研究初步推测HOXB13与绵羊尾型相关。Kang等[61]通过RNA-Seq分析了滩羊皮下脂肪、内脏脂肪和尾脂中差异表达的基因,发现HOX和其相关基因可能在调节脂尾羊的脂肪分布和不同尾型中发挥着潜在的作用。Ahbara等[62]使用Ovine SNP50K BeadChip对11个埃塞俄比亚地方绵羊品种的常染色体进行全基因组关联分析,发现HOXB13等在脂尾羊和瘦尾羊中选择信号较强,可能参与绵羊尾型的形成。Li等[63]利用Illumina Hiseq 2000平台对54只雌性羔羊进行全基因组重测序,通过整合FST、π-Ratio和XP-EHH等分析方法,发现HOXB13是绵羊尾型性状的主要候选基因。在功能机制解析层面,研究进一步区分了HOXB13与其他基因的具体作用,并识别出关键突变。Ahbara等[64]基于非洲本土绵羊全基因组测序,发现HOXB13与NF1在脂尾羊与瘦尾羊群体中的表达差异显著,HOXB13调控绵羊群体的尾椎长度,NF1调控绵羊群体的脂肪沉积。Zhu等[65]基于全球33个绵羊品种的588份全基因组测序数据研究发现,HOXB13上游存在一个功能性的168 bp短散在元件,可导致绵羊长尾表型的发生。综合上述研究,HOXB13在绵羊尾长的调控方面发挥着重要作用。TBXT和HOXB13均显著影响绵羊尾椎发育,但作用机制存在明显差异:TBXT更多直接参与中胚层分化与尾椎骨数目调控,其功能在多物种间高度保守;HOXB13则主要通过调控体轴终止来决定尾巴长度,并与NF1在尾脂沉积上形成功能互补。
脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白(adipocyte fatty acid binding protein,FABP4)、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(stearoyl-CoA desaturase,SCDs)与脂肪酸合酶(fatty acid synthase,FASN)是调控绵羊尾脂沉积的关键基因,分别位于绵羊的9、22和11号染色体。其中,FABP4作为细胞内脂质伴侣参与脂肪酸的转运,而FASN作为多功能聚合酶在脂肪合成与沉积中起核心作用。当前,多项研究从表达差异、分子互作等不同层面揭示了这些基因在绵羊尾型形成中的重要作用。在基因表达层面,Bakhtiarizadeh等[9]采用比较基因组学方法对脂尾羊和瘦尾羊的表达序列进行分析,发现FABP4在脂尾羊中的表达量显著高于瘦尾羊。另外,Bakhtiarizadeh等[66]通过RNA-Seq在伊朗脂尾羊和瘦尾羊中鉴定到264个差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),如TNNC1、NME9和SCD等,这些DEGs可作为绵羊尾巴发育的潜在分子标记,进一步研究发现SCD和FABP4等与脂肪沉积密切相关[67]。Han等[68]对中国脂尾与瘦尾羊品种的尾部脂肪组织进行蛋白质丰度定量分析,发现尾部脂肪组织中上调的FABP4等可能通过促进脂肪细胞的增殖影响绵羊尾部脂肪沉积。在分子机制探索层面,部分研究进一步揭示了这些基因通过协同作用影响绵羊尾脂发育。Yuan等[69]利用混合PacBio全长转录本测序及RNA-Seq技术,发现脂尾与瘦尾羊尾脂组织中脂代谢核心基因(如SCD)通过蛋白质互作网络(protein-protein interaction networks,PPI)形成功能模块,可能通过调控脂肪酸合成与甘油三酯组装进而驱动尾脂发育。Wang等[70]利用RNA-Seq技术鉴定出脂尾与瘦尾羊尾部脂肪中873个DEGs,采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)技术对其中7个DEGs进行组织表达谱分析和相对表达量差异验证,结果发现,SCD等在巴什拜羊与F2代绵羊尾部脂肪中的mRNA表达水平存在显著差异。Wang等[71]通过RNA-Seq揭示了脂尾与瘦尾羊(盘家F2代)尾脂沉积的分子调控网络。利用cytoHubba插件构建PPI网络,筛选出SCD、ACCA、GPD2、ELOVL6、ELOVL5、GPAM六个枢纽基因,均为脂代谢的核心调控因子。Su等[72]对新疆两个不同尾型的绵羊种群尾部脂肪组织进行RNA-seq与RT-PCR检测,发现lncRNA-MSTRG.24995和lncRNA-MSTRG.36913分别能够通过FASN与THRSP直接或间接地影响尾脂沉积。Hosseini等[73]对绵羊尾脂转录组进行RNA-Seq荟萃分析,整合6个公开数据集,系统筛选DEGs,发现通过抑制SCD等的表达可能减少脂解或脂肪酸氧化,促进尾脂蓄积。An等[74]以杜湖F1代为对象,采集尾脂、皮下脂肪、内脏脂肪的组织样本,通过二、三代测序技术构建高通量测序文库,结合DEGs及异构体的功能注释筛选脂代谢相关基因,发现SCD等在不同脂肪组织中的表达呈现显著差异。以上3个基因围绕绵羊尾型性状调控的研究取得了诸多重要成果,多项研究通过不同的技术手段,从基因表达差异、蛋白质互作网络构建、关键基因筛选等多个层面,揭示了这些基因在绵羊尾脂沉积过程中的重要作用及潜在分子调控机制。
当前,随着基因组学技术的快速发展,对于调控绵羊尾型性状的基因逐渐精确到染色体上碱基层面,多个影响绵羊尾型性状的关键基因及其功能性突变被相继揭示。这些研究不仅确定了基因与表型之间的关联(表4),在机制解析上也取得了重要进展。Zhao等[75]采集1 179只雄性羔羊的血液,利用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)和竞争性等位基因特异性聚合酶链式反应(kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction,KASP)基因分型技术检测了ELOVL5和FASN的表达水平与尾型性状的关联,发现ELOVL5的同义突变g.62534C/T与尾长和宽度显著相关;FASN的同义突变g.12694A/G与尾长和宽度显著相关。Ma等[76]通过KASP基因分型技术评估RAP1GAP与尾型性状的关联,研究表明,RAP1GAP的g.13561G/A突变与尾宽、尾脂重量及相对尾脂重量显著相关;rBAT的g.1460T/C突变与尾宽和尾脂重量显著相关。Wang等[77]通过PCR扩增HMGA1部分编码区和非编码区序列,结合DNA测序与KASP基因分型技术对1 163只湖羊进行SNP检测,并利用RT-PCR分析HMGA1的组织表达特征,发现HMGA1中检测到突变位点g.5312C/T与尾脂沉积、尾脂相对重量显著相关。在基因功能与机制探索层面,Zhao等[78]通过qRT-PCR、DNA混合池测序、KASP基因分型技术检测了湖羊FTO的表达水平与尾型性状的关联,发现FTO中多态性位点g.23 704 451C/A与尾长和尾脂沉积显著相关。Luo等[79]通过GWAS发现GLIS1非同义突变g.27 807 636G/T可能影响绵羊尾部脂肪沉积。当前研究已从初期的遗传关联分析,逐步延伸到关键基因的表达水平,通过挖掘突变位点与表型之间的因果关系,为精确调控绵羊尾型性状提供了可行性。
绵羊尾型性状的遗传调控网络研究近年来取得了显著进展,在多组学技术的推动下,研究者从脂肪沉积与尾椎发育两个维度揭示了其复杂的调控网络。在脂肪沉积方面,BMP2、PDGFD、FABP4、SCD与ELOVL5等脂代谢核心基因通过促进脂肪细胞的增殖或分化来驱动尾部脂肪沉积,值得注意的是,BMP2与PDGFD之间可能存在功能互作,这为进一步解析绵羊尾脂沉积的分子机制提供了重要线索。在尾长调控方面,TBXT与HOXB13被认为是影响绵羊尾型长度的关键基因。但当前对于这些基因的研究仍相对有限,尤其它们之间是否存在拮抗或协同的互作效应尚不明确,需进一步深入探索。值得关注的是,FTO、ELOVL5、FASN、RAP1GAP这些基因被发现同时参与绵羊尾长与尾脂沉积的调控,这些基因可能作为连接不同表型调控网络的关键节点,为系统解析绵羊尾型性状的分子机制提供了新的突破口。此外,还有多个基因如LPRAP1[80,81]、MTFP1[82]、PLCB1[83]、ELOVL7[84]、NRIP1[85]、RBM11[86]、HSD11B1[87]、SESN1[88]、PPARA[89]等,当前研究内容较少,但不排除其对绵羊尾型的调控作用,未来需加强对这些基因的功能探索。
表观遗传学作为遗传学的一个分支学科,其独特之处是在DNA序列不发生改变的情况下对基因进行调控和遗传表达。该领域包括表观基因组学和表观转录组学,在二十一世纪,表观遗传学迎来了迅猛的发展与广泛的应用,为医学、生命科学以及农学等多个学科开辟了新的研究视角。表观遗传调控主要包括DNA甲基化、RNA修饰、组蛋白修饰等[90]。DNA甲基化是维持基因沉默的核心表观遗传机制。它通过调控脂肪沉积过程中关键基因与转录因子的表达,来影响畜禽的脂肪沉积。Zhu等[91]利用全基因组亚硫酸氢盐测序(whole genome bisulfite sequencing,WGBS)检测兰州大尾羊、阿勒泰羊与藏羊的DNA甲基化程度,检测到差异甲基化多在内含子和外显子区域,GC型甲基化占比最高,发现4个基因(NFATC4、LPIN2、MGAT2和MAT2B)与脂肪代谢相关。Luo等[92]利用WGBS检测瘦尾与脂尾羊肌肉、尾脂组织之间的DNA甲基化水平并绘制DNA甲基化图谱,发现甲基化水平与启动子区的GC密度呈负相关,且尾脂的甲基化水平高于肌肉组织。还发现CAMK2D可能通过mRNA选择性剪接调节生长发育过程。表观遗传学中的表观转录组学是研究RNA分子上化学修饰对基因表达的影响。m6A修饰是在碱基上发生动态且可逆的化学修饰,在调控绵羊脂质代谢过程中具有重要作用。Chen等[93]发现过表达METTL3以m6A依赖性方式抑制脂质沉积相关基因的表达,而过表达FTO以m6A依赖性方式促进脂质沉积相关基因的表达。Lu等[94]发现绵羊热应激会使m6A显著增加,m6A相关酶如METTL3、FTO、ALKBH5等的mRNA水平也增加。目前,关于m6A修饰在绵羊脂代谢中的研究多集中于全身性脂质沉积,针对尾脂沉积的调控机制尚不清楚,今后应加强这方向的研究。组蛋白修饰是一种以共价方式进行的蛋白质翻译后修饰,组蛋白在相关酶作用下发生甲基化、乙酰化、磷酸化等修饰的过程[95]。Zhang等[35]利用组蛋白修饰等技术绘制了第一张绵羊尾巴组织的表观基因组图谱,开创了绵羊组蛋白修饰研究的先河,未来应加强这方面的系统性探索,以揭示其在绵羊尾型形成中的调控机制。
研究表明,野生绵羊的起源为瘦尾羊,脂尾羊是自然和人工选择下的产物[96]。然而,随着消费观念转变和集约化养殖发展,脂尾羊的经济与生产价值已显著降低,其种群数量不断减少,这导致绵羊遗传多样性面临威胁。值得注意的是,脂尾羊具有适应性强、耐粗饲、抗病力强等宝贵特性[97, 98]。因此,绵羊尾脂的独特表型为脂肪组织的功能及其代谢健康研究提供了新视角,动摇了“脂肪必然有害”的传统认知,同时也凸显了脂尾羊作为特殊遗传资源的巨大价值。其尾部脂肪组织中表现出的健康肥胖特征,提示未来研究的焦点或许不应仅局限于减少脂肪量,更需通过针对性重塑以增强脂肪组织功能。作为食草动物,绵羊以高纤维、低脂肪的饮食结构为主,这种饮食模式很可能通过调控肠道菌群组成、改变能量代谢途径等机制,共同促进绵羊尾部脂肪的良性沉积。从遗传资源角度来看,脂尾羊这一独特表型蕴含着宝贵的适应性遗传变异,对其开展深入研究不仅有助于解析脂肪代谢的良性调控机制,也对地方品种遗传资源的保护与可持续利用具有重要意义。
绵羊尾型性状已在基因组、转录组和蛋白质组水平上进行了大量研究。随着绵羊尾部表型相关基因组学研究的积累,已发现几个基因影响尾型性状,包括与尾部脂肪积累相关的PDGFD和BMP2,以及与尾长相关的TBXT和HOXB13。这些关键的分子标记,在瘦尾羊的遗传选育体系中必不可少。随着基因编辑技术的不断发展,大多数基因正在通过小鼠等模式动物进行验证,但模式动物与经济动物的尾椎发育机制是否一致,有待于进一步探究。此外,这些基因同时作用在绵羊尾型性状中是否存在协同或拮抗效应仍需深入探索,不过随着研究的持续推进,调控绵羊尾型性状的基因网络将逐渐明朗,这些调控绵羊尾脂沉积与尾椎长度的候选基因将应用在绵羊全基因组选择育种上,以推动养羊业的高质量可持续发展。
  • 中国农业科学院科技创新工程(25-LZIHPS-07)
  • 国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-39-02)
  • 甘肃省重点人才项目(2024RCXM60)
  • 青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”项目(QHKLYC-GDCXCY-2024-300)
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2026年第57卷第3期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.03.005
  • 接收时间:2025-07-29
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-03-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-29
基金
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(25-LZIHPS-07)
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-39-02)
甘肃省重点人才项目(2024RCXM60)
青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”项目(QHKLYC-GDCXCY-2024-300)
作者信息
    1.中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所/农业农村部青藏高原畜禽遗传育种重点实验室,兰州 730050
    2.中国农业科学院羊育种工程技术研究中心,兰州 730050

通讯作者:

卢曾奎,主要从事绵羊遗传育种研究,E-mail:
刘建斌,主要从事绵羊资源与育种研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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