Article(id=1307013129553081198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.046, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1747843200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545813214, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1771776000000, pubDateStr=2026-02-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545813214, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545813214, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545813214, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013104081068276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='2', pageStart='569', pageEnd='1176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771776000000', pubDateStr='2026-02-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545807142, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609910854, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281975350419753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281975350419754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1137, endPage=1148, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013129737630575, articleId=1307013129553081198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Lipidomics-based Study of the Effect of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Ethanol Extract on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice, columnId=1307007468660355587, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=CLINICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The aim was to study the effects of the ethanol extract of chicory (CIL), a medicinal and edible homology herb, on the hepatic lipid metabolites of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by high-fat diet (HFD), and to analyze the mechanism of chicory action in ameliorating the disorders of lipid metabolism. HFD was induced to establish a NAFLD model in C57BL/6J mice, and the therapeutic effects of CIL (800 mg·kg-1 and 2 g·kg-1) and simvastatin (SVT, 20 mg·kg-1) were evaluated in NAFLD mice. Measurement of liver aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activity, catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) content. The composition of hepatic lipid metabolites was detected using UPLC-MS/MS lipidomics; qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of mRNA genes for lipid synthesis-related genes (PPARγ, ACCα, Srebp1c and CD36) and lipid oxidation-related genes (PPARα and CPT1α). The results of in vivo experiments showed that high-dose chicory alcohol extract group (HCIL) suppressed HFD-induced abnormal elevation of AST and ALT highly significantly (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference compared with the SVT group enzyme activity (P>0.05). The CIL treatment highly significantly reduced blood and liver triglyceride (TG) levels (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference in TG levels with the SVT group (P>0.05). The HCIL treatment obviously alleviated hepatic steatosis and fat cell volume; remodeled the lipid composition of liver, lowered hepatic TG and DG levels, and elevated the levels of PG, PE, LNAPE, LPE, and HexCer. Both the HCIL group and the SVT group highly significantly lowered the hepatic expression levels of PPARγ, ACCα, Srebp1c, and CD36 mRNA genes (P<0.01), targeted inhibition of lipid uptake by CD36 protein, and molecular docking with high binding energy. Therefore, CIL regulates lipid metabolism disorders by targeted inhibition of CD36 lipid uptake, improving liver lipid composition. The pharmacological effects of CIL treatment for NAFLD are not significantly different from those of SVT drug treatment, which will promote the development and application of chicory products in the livestock and poultry farming industry.

, authors=Zhaonian LI1, Mengfei LI1, Qianhui ZHAO1, Yongzhan BAO1, Xiao WANG1, 2, Wanyu SHI1, authorsList=Zhaonian LI, Mengfei LI, Qianhui ZHAO, Yongzhan BAO, Xiao WANG, Wanyu SHI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao WANG, Wanyu SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
WANG Xiao, E-mail:
SHI Wanyu, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307013131608290174, articleId=1307013129553081198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=CN, title=基于脂质组学研究菊苣醇提物对小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病的影响, columnId=1307007468815544837, journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, columnName=临床兽医, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

旨在研究药食同源中草药菊苣的醇提物(CIL)对高脂饮食(HFD)诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)肝脏脂质代谢的影响,分析CIL改善脂质代谢紊乱的作用机制。HFD诱导建立C57BL/6J小鼠的NAFLD模型,评估CIL(800 mg·kg-1和2 g·kg-1)和辛伐他汀(SVT,20 mg·kg-1)对NAFLD小鼠的治疗效果。检测肝脏天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)酶活性;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量。利用UPLC-MS/MS脂质组学技术检测肝脏脂质代谢物的组成;qRT-PCR检测脂质合成相关基因(PPARγ、ACCα、Srebp1c和CD36)和脂质氧化相关基因(PPARα和CPT1α)mRNA基因的表达水平。体内试验结果表明,高剂量菊苣醇提物组(HCIL)可极显著抑制HFD诱导的AST和ALT酶活性异常升高(P<0.01),且和SVT组酶活性相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。CIL处理极显著降低血液和肝脏三酰甘油(TG)含量(P<0.01),和SVT组TG含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。HCIL处理明显减轻肝脏脂肪变性和脂肪细胞的体积;重塑肝脏脂质组成,降低肝脏TG和DG水平,提升PG、PE、LNAPE、LPE和HexCer水平。HCIL组和SVT组均极显著降低肝脏PPARγ、ACCα、Srebp1c和CD36 mRNA基因表达水平(P<0.01),靶向抑制CD36蛋白对脂质的摄取,分子对接具有较高的结合能。因此,CIL通过靶向抑制CD36对脂质的摄取,调节脂质代谢紊乱,改善肝脏脂质组成,CIL治疗NAFLD的药理效果与SVT药物处理无明显差异,这将促进菊苣产品在畜禽养殖领域的开发和应用。

, authors=李朝年1, 栗梦飞1, 赵千惠1, 包永占1, 王霄1, 2, 史万玉1, authorsList=李朝年, 栗梦飞, 赵千惠, 包永占, 王霄, 史万玉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王霄, 史万玉, authorNote=

李朝年,主要从事中药药理与中兽药新产品的研发工作,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王霄,主要从事中药药理与中兽药新产品的研发工作,E-mail:
史万玉,主要从事中药药理与中兽药新产品的研发工作,E-mail:
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authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUO X,ZHENG E,WEI L,et al.The fatty acid receptor CD36 promotes HCC progression through activating Src/PI3K/AKT axis-dependent aerobic glycolysis[J].Cell Death Dis,2021,12(4):328., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307282460035797992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013129553081198, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y,YANG P,ZHAO L,et al.CD36 plays a negative role in the regulation of lipophagy in hepatocytes through an AMPK-dependent pathway[J].J Lipid Res,2019,60(4):844-855., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307282452796429238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013129553081198, awardId=2022YFD1801104, 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journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013129553081198, companyId=1307282447515800446, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河北省中兽药重点实验室,保定 071000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307282451437474728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013129553081198, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Biochemical indicators of hepatic function

Compared to the blank control group, “*” indicates a significant difference (P<0.05), “**” indicates highly significant difference (P<0.01); Compared to the model group, “#” indicates a significant difference (P<0.05), “##” indicates highly significant difference (P<0.01). The same as below

, figureFileSmall=a0JHdrG1VXW0kdnIPCOY4w==, figureFileBig=dJy0y/idoNrveXwfV665KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282451512972201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013129553081198, language=CN, label=图1, caption=肝功能生化指标

与对照组相比,*.P<0.05表示显著差异,**.P<0.01表示极显著差异,与HFD组相比,#.P<0.05表示显著差异,##.P<0.01表示极显著差异。下同

, figureFileSmall=a0JHdrG1VXW0kdnIPCOY4w==, figureFileBig=dJy0y/idoNrveXwfV665KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282451626218410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013129553081198, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Liver antioxidant and inflammatory factor levels, figureFileSmall=MpaAjYL8Qwo34qDQbbfXgA==, figureFileBig=zzElfr+W/2DBf/6dKxQqbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282451701715883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013129553081198, language=CN, label=图2, caption=肝脏抗氧化和炎性因子水平, figureFileSmall=MpaAjYL8Qwo34qDQbbfXgA==, figureFileBig=zzElfr+W/2DBf/6dKxQqbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282451781407660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013129553081198, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Histostaining charts for hepatic tissue (200×) and adipose tissue (100×) pathology, figureFileSmall=QSn5KmCVBX1+CzSfe6Vl0A==, figureFileBig=N+SMSNTMkxlXzYXtupFCng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282451882070957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013129553081198, language=CN, label=图3, caption=肝脏组织(200×)和脂肪组织(100×)病理组织染色图, figureFileSmall=QSn5KmCVBX1+CzSfe6Vl0A==, figureFileBig=N+SMSNTMkxlXzYXtupFCng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282451957568430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013129553081198, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Hepatic lipidomics

A. PCA analysis; B. Clustering heatmap of differential metabolites in the HFD group vs HCIL group; C. Volcano plot of differential metabolites in the HFD group vs HCIL group; D. Bar graph of differential metabolites in the HFD group vs HCIL group; E. Overall lipid content of each group; F. KEGG enrichment analysis of differential metabolites in the HFD group vs HCIL group

, figureFileSmall=2VU+GvIkCPvYZcjkq277iA==, figureFileBig=bZ8RdSS3ShBhGLGdZBkFgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282452012094383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013129553081198, language=CN, label=图4, caption=肝脏脂质组学

A. PCA分析;B. HFD组vs HCIL组差异代谢物聚类热图;C. HFD组vs HCIL组差异代谢物火山图;D. HFD组vs HCIL组差异代谢物条形图;E.各组总体脂质含量;F. HFD组vs HCIL组差异代谢物KEGG富集分析

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Primer Sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

基因

Gene

序列(5΄→3΄)

Sequence

产物长度/bp

Product length

序列号

Accession number

Mm-ActbF: GTGCTATGTTGCTCTAGACTTCG174NM_007393.5
R: ATGCCACAGGATTCCATACC
Mm-CD36F: TGACTGGGAAAATCAAGCTCC147NM_007643.5
R: CCAGTGTATATGTAGGCTCATCC
Mm-CPT1αF: CCAGGCTACAGTGGGACATT209NM_013495.2
R: GAACTTGCCCATGTCCTTGT
Mm-ACCαF: CTCCAGGACAGCACAGATCAT175NM_133360.3
R: TGACTGCCGAAACATCTCTG
Mm-Srebp1cF: GATCAAAGAGGAGCCAGTGC191NM_011480.4
R: TAGATGGTGGCTGCTGAGTG
Mm-PPARaF: TATTCGGCTGAAGCTGGTGTAC76NM_011144.6
R: CTGGCATTTGTTCCGGTTCT
Mm-PPARγF: ATTCTGGCCCACCAACTTCGG339NM_011146.4
R: TGGAAGCCTGATGCTTTATCCCCA
), ArticleFig(id=1307282452494439349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013129553081198, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

基因

Gene

序列(5΄→3΄)

Sequence

产物长度/bp

Product length

序列号

Accession number

Mm-ActbF: GTGCTATGTTGCTCTAGACTTCG174NM_007393.5
R: ATGCCACAGGATTCCATACC
Mm-CD36F: TGACTGGGAAAATCAAGCTCC147NM_007643.5
R: CCAGTGTATATGTAGGCTCATCC
Mm-CPT1αF: CCAGGCTACAGTGGGACATT209NM_013495.2
R: GAACTTGCCCATGTCCTTGT
Mm-ACCαF: CTCCAGGACAGCACAGATCAT175NM_133360.3
R: TGACTGCCGAAACATCTCTG
Mm-Srebp1cF: GATCAAAGAGGAGCCAGTGC191NM_011480.4
R: TAGATGGTGGCTGCTGAGTG
Mm-PPARaF: TATTCGGCTGAAGCTGGTGTAC76NM_011144.6
R: CTGGCATTTGTTCCGGTTCT
Mm-PPARγF: ATTCTGGCCCACCAACTTCGG339NM_011146.4
R: TGGAAGCCTGATGCTTTATCCCCA
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基于脂质组学研究菊苣醇提物对小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病的影响
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李朝年 1 , 栗梦飞 1 , 赵千惠 1 , 包永占 1 , 王霄 1, 2 , 史万玉 1
畜牧兽医学报 | 临床兽医 2026,57(2): 1137-1148
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畜牧兽医学报 |临床兽医 2026 , 57 (2) : 1137 -1148
基于脂质组学研究菊苣醇提物对小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病的影响
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李朝年1 , 栗梦飞1, 赵千惠1, 包永占1, 王霄1, 2 , 史万玉1
作者信息
  • 1.河北农业大学中兽医学院,保定 071000
  • 2.河北省中兽药重点实验室,保定 071000
通讯作者:
王霄,主要从事中药药理与中兽药新产品的研发工作,E-mail:
史万玉,主要从事中药药理与中兽药新产品的研发工作,E-mail:
作者简介:

李朝年,主要从事中药药理与中兽药新产品的研发工作,E-mail:

Lipidomics-based Study of the Effect of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Ethanol Extract on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice
Zhaonian LI1 , Mengfei LI1, Qianhui ZHAO1, Yongzhan BAO1, Xiao WANG1, 2 , Wanyu SHI1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Chinese Veterinary Medicine,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China
  • 2.Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine,Baoding 071000,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    WANG Xiao, E-mail:
    SHI Wanyu, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-02-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.046
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旨在研究药食同源中草药菊苣的醇提物(CIL)对高脂饮食(HFD)诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)肝脏脂质代谢的影响,分析CIL改善脂质代谢紊乱的作用机制。HFD诱导建立C57BL/6J小鼠的NAFLD模型,评估CIL(800 mg·kg-1和2 g·kg-1)和辛伐他汀(SVT,20 mg·kg-1)对NAFLD小鼠的治疗效果。检测肝脏天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)酶活性;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量。利用UPLC-MS/MS脂质组学技术检测肝脏脂质代谢物的组成;qRT-PCR检测脂质合成相关基因(PPARγ、ACCα、Srebp1c和CD36)和脂质氧化相关基因(PPARα和CPT1α)mRNA基因的表达水平。体内试验结果表明,高剂量菊苣醇提物组(HCIL)可极显著抑制HFD诱导的AST和ALT酶活性异常升高(P<0.01),且和SVT组酶活性相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。CIL处理极显著降低血液和肝脏三酰甘油(TG)含量(P<0.01),和SVT组TG含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。HCIL处理明显减轻肝脏脂肪变性和脂肪细胞的体积;重塑肝脏脂质组成,降低肝脏TG和DG水平,提升PG、PE、LNAPE、LPE和HexCer水平。HCIL组和SVT组均极显著降低肝脏PPARγ、ACCα、Srebp1c和CD36 mRNA基因表达水平(P<0.01),靶向抑制CD36蛋白对脂质的摄取,分子对接具有较高的结合能。因此,CIL通过靶向抑制CD36对脂质的摄取,调节脂质代谢紊乱,改善肝脏脂质组成,CIL治疗NAFLD的药理效果与SVT药物处理无明显差异,这将促进菊苣产品在畜禽养殖领域的开发和应用。

菊苣  /  非酒精性脂肪肝  /  脂质组学  /  CD36

The aim was to study the effects of the ethanol extract of chicory (CIL), a medicinal and edible homology herb, on the hepatic lipid metabolites of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by high-fat diet (HFD), and to analyze the mechanism of chicory action in ameliorating the disorders of lipid metabolism. HFD was induced to establish a NAFLD model in C57BL/6J mice, and the therapeutic effects of CIL (800 mg·kg-1 and 2 g·kg-1) and simvastatin (SVT, 20 mg·kg-1) were evaluated in NAFLD mice. Measurement of liver aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activity, catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) content. The composition of hepatic lipid metabolites was detected using UPLC-MS/MS lipidomics; qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of mRNA genes for lipid synthesis-related genes (PPARγ, ACCα, Srebp1c and CD36) and lipid oxidation-related genes (PPARα and CPT1α). The results of in vivo experiments showed that high-dose chicory alcohol extract group (HCIL) suppressed HFD-induced abnormal elevation of AST and ALT highly significantly (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference compared with the SVT group enzyme activity (P>0.05). The CIL treatment highly significantly reduced blood and liver triglyceride (TG) levels (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference in TG levels with the SVT group (P>0.05). The HCIL treatment obviously alleviated hepatic steatosis and fat cell volume; remodeled the lipid composition of liver, lowered hepatic TG and DG levels, and elevated the levels of PG, PE, LNAPE, LPE, and HexCer. Both the HCIL group and the SVT group highly significantly lowered the hepatic expression levels of PPARγ, ACCα, Srebp1c, and CD36 mRNA genes (P<0.01), targeted inhibition of lipid uptake by CD36 protein, and molecular docking with high binding energy. Therefore, CIL regulates lipid metabolism disorders by targeted inhibition of CD36 lipid uptake, improving liver lipid composition. The pharmacological effects of CIL treatment for NAFLD are not significantly different from those of SVT drug treatment, which will promote the development and application of chicory products in the livestock and poultry farming industry.

chicory  /  non-alcoholic fatty liver disease  /  lipidomics  /  CD36
李朝年, 栗梦飞, 赵千惠, 包永占, 王霄, 史万玉. 基于脂质组学研究菊苣醇提物对小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病的影响. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (2) : 1137 -1148 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.046
Zhaonian LI, Mengfei LI, Qianhui ZHAO, Yongzhan BAO, Xiao WANG, Wanyu SHI. Lipidomics-based Study of the Effect of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Ethanol Extract on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (2) : 1137 -1148 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.046
全球代谢功能障碍性脂肪肝的总发病率高达32.4%,且近十年呈稳步增长的趋势[1⁃2]。目前尚无获批的药物用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD),这给临床治疗和机体健康带来了沉重负担。NAFLD是一个动态发展的过程,以肝脏发生脂肪变性、炎性纤维化和肝癌为特征[3]。游离脂肪酸吸收转化为三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)异常聚积在肝细胞内导致肝细胞脂肪变性、损伤和凋亡[4]。肝细胞中过量的脂肪酸会增加脂毒性物质的产生,从而引发氧化应激和促炎细胞因子的释放,进一步加重发展为肝炎和肝癌。脂质转运蛋白CD36(cluster of differentiation 36,CD36)促进脂肪酸的摄取和胞内转运,其棕榈酰化已被证明在疾病进程发挥作用[5]。蛋鸡脂肪肝出血综合征(fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome,FLHS)发病机制和病理特征与人类NAFLD相似,受疾病表型异质性和遗传因素的影响[6⁃8]。集约化养殖模式下,死淘率高达10%,给畜禽养殖业造成巨大经济损失[9]。从药食同源中草药角度筛选可能用于治疗家禽肝脏疾病的药物是抗生素使用的替代途径。
药食同源中草药不仅可以提供营养及微量元素,含有的黄酮类、酚类和萜类等小分子物质可发挥一定的药理作用提供保健功效[10]。先前的研究表明,荷叶碱[11]、葛根素[12]、薯蓣皂苷[13]和桑叶[14]等药食同源物质均有降脂保肝药理作用,同时调节动物机体脂质代谢紊乱。菊苣在2002年被国家卫生健康委员会纳入药食同源名单。菊苣的根可做代用咖啡,叶子可作为沙拉食用。菊苣在传统医学中的应用历史悠久,常被用于治疗黄疸、糖尿病和消化系统疾病[15]。菊苣多糖可显著降低高脂日粮(high-fat diet,HFD)诱导的NAFLD雄性大鼠体重和肝脏指数,降低肝脏丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)和TG含量[16]。菊苣酸可减轻噻虫啉对雏鸡的毒性,具有肝保护和免疫刺激作用[17]。日粮中添加3%水平的菊粉可减轻蛋鸡肝脏和腹部脂肪的质量[18]。肉鸡日粮中添加0.1%菊苣粉可提高肉鸡体重,并显著降低腹部脂肪[19]。然而,菊苣醇提物在NAFLD治疗方面的药理活性尚未被探索,因此,本试验拟用不同剂量菊苣醇提物(chicory ethanol extract,CIL)与辛伐他汀(simvastatin,SVT)治疗HFD诱导小鼠NAFLD,评估CIL的药理作用,以期为菊苣产品在家禽FLHS等肝脏损伤疾病的治疗提供理论基础。
干燥菊苣根采集自中国保定安国中药市场。HFD(D12492,Research Diets,Inc.);辛伐他汀(舒降之,Organon Pharma(UK)Limited);AST/GOT(C010-2-1)、ALT/GPT(C009-2-1)、TG(A110-1-1)、MDA(A003-1-2)和CAT(A007-1-1)试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所。TNF-α(EK282)、IL-10(EK210)试剂盒购自联科生物。
酶标仪(美国ThermoFisher Scientific公司,型号Multiskan FC);实时荧光定量PCR仪(杭州博日,FQD-96A);电泳仪(BIO-RAD);全自动化学发光图像分析系统(LI-COR,Odyssey FC);超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(美国SCIEX,QTRAP 6500+)。
将干燥的菊苣根粉碎成粉末(60目),将预处理的样品与溶剂的比例(1∶15)在密闭容器中超声处理(45 ℃,35 min),然后用EtOH-H2O 75∶25在70 ℃下提取3次,每次2 h。提取液浓缩至1 g·mL-1,冷冻干燥后使用。本研究中菊苣醇提物的提取率为33.65%,先前研究已经证实菊苣中含倍半萜类、黄酮类、生物碱类和酚酸类等成分[20]。
SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,6周龄,80只,质量20 g±2 g,购自北京斯贝福生物有限公司。小鼠饲养在河北农业大学实验动物研究中心,温度为23 ℃±1 ℃,湿度为55%±10%,光照/黑暗周期为12 h,可自由进食和饮水。动物研究由河北农业大学动物实验伦理委员会批准(批准号:2022161),试验遵守动物福利。
80只C57BL/6J小鼠适应性饲养一周后,随机分为2组,一组12只饲喂普通日粮,另外68只小鼠饲喂HFD日粮12周造模,排除体重差异较大的小鼠,随机选择4只小鼠安乐死,分析TG和TC含量以及肝脏病理变化,证实NAFLD模型造模成功。造模组最终纳入48只小鼠随机分为模型组(HFD)、辛伐他汀组(SVT,20 mg·kg-1)、低剂量菊苣醇提物组(LCIL,800 mg·kg-1)和高剂量菊苣醇提物组(HCIL,2 g·kg-1)4组,每组12只。第13周开始连续用药6周且继续喂食HFD,对照组(NC)和HFD组连续灌胃等体积生理盐水,药物处理后每周测量小鼠体质量。试验结束后麻醉处死,眼眶采血,4 ℃离心分离血清。采集肝组织,部分置于4%多聚甲醛中固定,剩余肝组织置于-80 ℃冰箱备用。
肝脏和脂肪组织用4%多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋,切成4 μm厚的切片,进行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色。冷冻切片用油红O(Oil red O)染色,观察肝脏中的脂肪变性。
使用生化试剂盒测定血清AST、ALT活力和TG水平。肝组织使用曲拉通X-100匀浆,4 ℃下离心,分离上清液;使用市售试剂盒测量TG和MDA含量及CAT活力。
肝组织样本使用生理盐水制备10%组织匀浆,4 ℃离心,分离上清液,使用ELISA试剂盒检测TNF-α和IL-10含量,操作严格按照说明书进行。
称取肝组织20 mg加入1 mL内标脂质提取液(甲基叔丁基醚∶甲醇=3∶1)制备组织匀浆;加入200 μL水涡旋,12 000 r·min-1离心10 min;取上清液200 μL浓缩至干,加入200 μL脂质复溶液(乙腈∶异丙醇=1∶1),涡旋后12 000 r·min-1离心3 min,取上清液进行LC-MS/MS分析。
液相使用Thermo AccucoreTMC30色谱柱(2.6 μm,2.1 mm×100 mm i.d.)。流动相:A相,乙腈/水(60/40)(含0.1%甲酸,10 mmol/L甲酸铵);B相,乙腈/异丙醇(10/90)(含0.1%甲酸,10 mmol·L-1甲酸铵)。梯度洗脱程序:0 min,A/B=80∶20;2 min,A/B=70∶30;4 min,A/B=40∶60;9 min,A/B=15∶85;14 min,A/B=10∶90;15.5 min,A/B=5∶95;17.3 min,A/B=5∶95;17.5 min,A/B=80∶20;20 min,A/B=80∶20。流速0.35 mL·min-1,柱温45 ℃,进样量2 μL。
质谱电喷雾离子源温度500 ℃,正离子模式下质谱电压5 500 V,负离子模式电压-4 500 V,离子源GS1 45 psi,GS2 55 psi,气帘气35 psi。在三重四极杆中,每个离子对是根据优化的去簇电压和碰撞能进行扫描检测。
从NCBI中查询小鼠Actb、CD36、CPT1α、ACCα、Srebp1c、PPARα和PPARγ基因序列,并设计引物,详细序列见表1,本研究中使用的引物由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。使用RNAiso Plus(Takara,日本)匀浆提取50 mg肝组织的总RNA。然后,使用PrimeScript™ FAST RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser(TaKaRa,日本)进行反转录。荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)采用BlasTaq™ 2X qPCR MasterMix(Applied Biological Materials Inc., 加拿大)进行反应体系构建。反应体系为20 μL:上、下游引物(10 μmol·L-1)各0.5 μL,cDNA样品2 μL,BlasTaqTM 2× qPCR MM110 μL,DEPC水7 μL。使用FQD-96A荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测系统(杭州博日科技股份有限公司)进行扩增反应,反应程序设置:95 ℃预变性3 min,95 ℃变性15 s,60 ℃退火/延伸1 min,共40个循环。熔解曲线为95 ℃ 15 s,60 ℃ 1 min。并用2-ΔΔCt 法计算mRNA的相对表达量。
使用Pubchem(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)网站下载菊苣醇提物活性成分3D结构,使用AutoDockTools加氢后转换为Pdbqt格式文件。CD36受体蛋白使用Uniport(https://www.uniprot.org/)下载蛋白结构,并使用AutoDockTools去水加氢处理。设置对接窗口,对接结果使用PyMoL(3.1.4.1)进行可视化。
使用GraphPad Prism 8软件进行统计分析。组间比较采用单因素方差分析(oneway-ANOVA)和Tukey多重比较检验分析。与对照组相比,以*.P<0.05表示显著差异,**.P<0.01表示极显著差异,具有统计学意义。与HFD相比,以#.P<0.05表示显著差异,##.P<0.01表示极显著差异,具有统计学意义。脂质组学PCA分析使用Adonis分析,对于两组比较,差异代谢物的筛选基于OPLS-DA模型的到的变量权重值(variable importance in projection,VIP)和P值(P<0.05,Student’s t检验)。鉴定出的显著差异代谢物通过KEGG化合物数据库(http://www.kegg.jp/kegg/compound/)进行功能注释,注释后的代谢物进一步映射到KEGG通路数据库(http://www.kegg.jp/kegg/pathway.html),以P<0.05作为筛选条件展示主要调节通路。
肝脏功能酶活性检测结果显示(图1),HFD组ALT和AST极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),SVT组和HCIL组极显著降低了ALT和AST活性(P<0.01)。LCIL组与HFD组相比,ALT活性显著降低(P<0.05)。HFD组血清和肝脏TG含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),SVT和CIL用药处理极显著降低HFD引起的TG异常升高(P<0.01)。
小鼠肝脏氧化损伤指标MDA含量检测结果表明,HFD饮食极显著诱导肝脏MDA含量升高(P<0.01),HCIL治疗有降低MDA含量的趋势(P=0.087 7),SVT和不同剂量CIL的处理对肝脏MDA含量降低组间无差异;抗氧化CAT酶活性检测显示,HCIL组肝脏CAT酶活性有提高的趋势(P=0.063 7)(图2)。
肝脏炎性因子检测结果表明,HFD处理极显著诱导肝脏TNF-α含量上升(P<0.01)。HCIL治疗显著提高肝脏抗炎因子IL-10的含量(P<0.05);极显著降低炎性因子TNF-α含量(P<0.01)(图2)。
肝脏组织病理学HE结果显示,HFD组肝细胞气球样变性和大小脂滴堆积(图3),肝细胞核溶解,结构紊乱,细胞排列不规整,并伴有轻微的炎症浸润。油红O染色结果进一步证实肝细胞质内脂滴蓄积密集。SVT组和HCIL组有效逆转了HFD导致的肝细胞病理状态。
白色脂肪组织和棕色脂肪组织HE结果显示,与对照组相比,HFD组附睾白色脂肪组织(eWAT)和腹股沟白色脂肪组织(iWAT)脂滴平均直径增加3倍,大脂滴数量增多;(肩胛间棕色脂肪组织(sBAT)HE染色颜色变浅,脂滴形状不规则,为单一型大脂滴,细胞核被挤压至细胞膜边缘,细胞间隙减少。用药组脂肪细胞体积均有不同程度的降低,但细胞形状仍主要呈不规则形态。SVT组和HCIL组对脂肪细胞病理改善较明显。
脂质组学结果显示,HFD组肝脏脂质代谢物与对照组和HCIL组肝脏脂质代谢物相比,PCA图有明显分离趋势(图4A)。HFD组和HCIL组脂质差异代谢物Adonis分析结果表明,R2=0.989,P=0.021。HCIL脂质总含量显著低于HFD组(P<0.01),与NC组无差异(P>0.05)(图4E)。HCIL与HFD脂质差异聚类热图见图4B,TG和DG在HCIL处理后水平显著降低,LPC、PC和PS水平升高。差异脂质火山图显示,HFD与HCIL相比,有184种脂质代谢物下调,其中排名前10下调的差异脂质代谢物包括PG、HexCer、LPE、PE和LNAPE类脂质;433种脂质代谢物上调,其中排名前10上调的差异脂质代谢物均为TG类脂质(图4C、D)。差异代谢物KEGG富集分析显示,甘油脂代谢、胆固醇代谢及产热代谢通路被富集(图4F)。
小鼠肝脏脂质合成相关基因qRT-PCR结果显示,PPARγ、ACCα和Srebp1c mRNA基因表达水平在HFD组被极显著提高(P<0.01);SVT组和HCIL组与HFD组相比,PPARγ、ACCα和Srebp1c基因表达水平极显著降低(P<0.01);LCIL组肝脏脂质合成相关PPARγ和Srebp1c mRNA基因表达水平极显著高于NC组(P<0.01)。脂质摄取相关基因qRT-PCR结果显示,在HFD处理后肝脏CD36 mRNA基因表达水平极显著提高(P<0.01),SVT和低高剂量CIL处理均显著降低了CD36 mRNA基因表达水平(P<0.01),但SVT组CD36 mRNA基因表达水平显著高于NC组(P<0.05)。脂质氧化相关基因结果表明,HFD处理显著抑制PPARα基因的表达水平(P<0.05),CIL处理极显著提高CPT1α基因的表达水平(P<0.01)(图5)。
菊苣醇提物中倍半萜内酯活性组分与CD36受体蛋白进行分子对接,Lactucopicrin、Magnolialide和Jacquinelin与CD36对接的结合能分别为-31.38、-28.87和-30.96 kJ·mol-1(图6)。
菊苣具有丰富的营养成分和降脂保肝等多种生物活性。肝细胞负责肝脏的主要生理和代谢功能[21]。小鼠肝功能AST和ALT酶活性在HFD处理后显著升高,提示肝脏功能受损[22⁃23]。组织病理学是检测非酒精性脂肪肝的金标准[22],HE和油红O染色病理结果显示,肝脏结构紊乱,发生脂肪变性和脂滴的蓄积及小脂滴的融合,这与先前的研究结果一致[24]。菊苣醇提物和辛伐他汀恢复了由HFD诱导的肝损伤的生物标志物的增加,如高剂量CIL和SVT治疗均显著降低了HFD诱导的肝脏ALT和AST酶活性的升高。肝细胞脂肪变性和病理形态被HCIL处理显著改善。
脂毒性可诱导肝细胞氧化应激和炎性状态。补充抗氧化剂可减轻肥胖基因野生型小鼠ROS诱导的线粒体功能障碍[25]。肝脏抗氧化能力检测结果显示,不同剂量的CIL有提高肝脏抗氧化能力的趋势,且与SVT处理对肝脏抗氧化能力的影响趋势一致,可通过延长用药周期继续观察对抗氧化能力的改善。NAFLD可发展为伴有进行性纤维化的非酒精性脂肪性肝炎[26]。TNF-α可以诱导肝脏M1巨噬细胞炎性极化[27]。TNF信号传导在触发肝脏炎症、中性粒细胞和促炎性巨噬细胞募集以及激活对肝纤维化发展至关重要[28]。IL-10是公认的抗炎细胞因子,参与机体的固有免疫和适应性免疫,M2巨噬细胞上调增加IL-10的表达,减轻肝脏炎症和纤维化[29]。在HFD诱导下,肝脏炎性稳态失衡,HCIL处理显著抑制肝脏炎性因子TNF-α水平,提高抗炎因子IL-10含量,从而提高肝脏免疫稳态。
肝细胞是肝脏中储存TG的主要细胞,也是NAFLD疾病发展过程中脂质异常累积的细胞。肝脏脂质组学测序共检测到1 344种脂质,主要包括643种磷脂、129种鞘脂类和544种中性脂质。PCA统计分析得分图显示,HFD组与NC组和HCIL组有明显分离的趋势,显示脂质的组成具有显著差异。不同组别小鼠肝脏总体脂质相对含量进一步证实此结果。HFD导致肝脏脂质的蓄积,脂毒性诱导肝细胞损伤甚至死亡[30]。
HCIL与HFD脂质差异聚类热图见图4B,TG和DG在HCIL处理后水平显著降低,LPC、PC和PS水平升高。生化试剂盒TG检测结果与之相符,说明异常的三酰甘油分解与合成受到调节。差异脂质火山图显示,HFD与HCIL相比,有184种脂质代谢物下调,其中排名前10下调的差异脂质代谢物包括PG、HexCer、LPE、PE和LNAPE类脂质;433种脂质代谢物上调,其中排名前10上调的差异脂质代谢物均为TG类脂质(图4C、D)。长链多不饱和脂肪酸TG脂质亚类如TG(18:2_20:4_20:5)上调可作为标志物提示脂质代谢紊乱[31]。有研究表明,健康受试者血清中LPE的浓度明显高于非酒精性脂肪肝患者,这与本研究结果一致[32]。PG可改善溶酶体脂质转运蛋白突变导致的胆固醇积累和自噬功能障碍[33]。差异代谢物KEGG富集分析显示,甘油脂代谢、胆固醇代谢及产热代谢通路被富集(图4F),仍需继续深入研究三酰甘油代谢相关酶(LPL、DGAT)水平的变化。
脂质合成与氧化稳态失衡会导致机体脂质代谢紊乱。白色脂肪和棕色脂肪HE结果表明HFD诱导脂肪细胞脂滴直径增加,脂滴发生融合,细胞结构被破坏,SVT和CIL治疗均不同程度缓解脂肪细胞内脂滴的累积和细胞结构的改变。PPARγ对脂肪细胞分化至关重要,并且可以调节全身胰岛素敏感性[34]。Srebp1c通过促进与TG、FA和磷脂合成相关的因子(如ACCα)来操纵脂肪生成[35]。FA从头合成的限速步骤是ACCα催化乙酰辅酶A羧化为丙二酰辅酶A[36]。不同剂量CIL均显著抑制HFD诱导的脂质合成基因(PPARγ、ACCα和Srebp1c)的上调。PPARα作为脂肪酸氧化的核心基因,调控并参与肝脏脂质代谢和能量平衡[37]。CPT1α是线粒体β-氧化的关键靶基因[24]。HFD饮食抑制肝脏PPARα mRNA基因表达量,CIL治疗极显著提高CPT1α mRNA基因表达量。小鼠肝脏脂质合成与氧化基因水平的变化进一步验证了肝脏脂质组学测序的结果。
菊苣根含有酚类、黄酮类和萜类等成分[20],倍半萜内酯是菊苣内次生代谢产物含量丰富,Lactucopicrin、Magnolialide和Jacquinelin均属于倍半萜内酯。先前研究表明Lactucopicrin和Magnolialide具有较高肠道渗透性和抗炎活性[15,38]。虽然倍半萜内酯味道苦涩,但具有许多重要的生物活性,如抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗糖尿病和促进食欲消化等[20,39]。CD36是一种脂肪酸摄取的高亲和力转运蛋白,摄取的游离脂肪酸进入脂质合成途径促进脂质生成[40⁃41]。本研究发现HFD组小鼠肝脏CD36基因表达水平显著上调,这与先前的研究结果一致[5,42]。CD36基因敲除后可上调脂肪酸氧化和脂质吞噬途径,从而减少肝脏中的脂质积累[43]。HCIL对CD36蛋白有显著抑制活性,笔者进一步利用分子对接检测3种菊苣倍半萜内酯组分对CD36蛋白的靶向性,结果显示出CIL倍半萜内酯活性组分与脂质摄取靶蛋白CD36受体具有较高的结合能,可能具有高度的靶向结合抑制性,需进一步结合试验验证。
本研究结果表明,CIL可调节肝脏脂质代谢紊乱,抑制肝脏脂质异常累积和CD36蛋白对脂质的摄取,具有降脂保肝的生物活性,2 g·kg-1的CIL与SVT治疗NAFLD具有相似的治疗效果,药食同源中草药菊苣可进一步在蛋鸡FLHS模型进行研究,以期开发成菊苣产品应用于畜禽养殖行业。
  • “十四五”国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1801104)
  • 河北省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项(HBCT2024110202)
  • 河北农业大学引进人才科研专项(YJ2023037)
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2026年第57卷第2期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.046
  • 接收时间:2025-05-22
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-02-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-22
基金
“十四五”国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1801104)
河北省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项(HBCT2024110202)
河北农业大学引进人才科研专项(YJ2023037)
作者信息
    1.河北农业大学中兽医学院,保定 071000
    2.河北省中兽药重点实验室,保定 071000

通讯作者:

王霄,主要从事中药药理与中兽药新产品的研发工作,E-mail:
史万玉,主要从事中药药理与中兽药新产品的研发工作,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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