Article(id=1307013105372913908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1736092800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545807450, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1771776000000, pubDateStr=2026-02-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545807450, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545807450, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545807450, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013104081068276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='2', pageStart='569', pageEnd='1176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771776000000', pubDateStr='2026-02-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545807142, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609910854, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281975350419753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281975350419754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=848, endPage=860, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013106618622197, articleId=1307013105372913908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus 368 on Fecal Archaea and Fecal Metabolites of Duroc×Saba Pig, columnId=1307007400746176631, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=ANIMAL NUTRITION AND FEEDS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study aimed to explore the effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus 368 on Archaea and metabolites in feces of Duroc×Saba pig. Twenty Duroc×Saba pigs which body weight were about 77 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups with 10 pigs per group. The pigs in experimental group drinked water added with Pediococcus pentosaceus 368(1010 CFU·L-1). The experiment lasted for 28 days. On the day at the end of the experiment, slaughterings were conducted. The effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus 368 on Duroc×Saba pig were analyzed through the Archaea in feces and the fecal metabolites. The results showed as follows: 1) PCoA (Principal Coordinates Analysis) analysis found that samples in the experimental group and control group could not be completely separated, and species similarity in the experimental group became consistent after the addition of Pediococcus pentosus 368.2) At the phylum level, the highest relative abundance of the two groups was the Candidatus_Thorarchaeota and at the genus level, the highest relative abundance of the two groups was Methanobrevibacter. When the Linear Discriminant Analysis value was highter than 3.0, the two groups obtained 14 biomarkers. Among them, 14 biomarkers were in the experimental group, and the largest LDA value in the experimental group was the Thermoplasmata_unclassified.3) KEEG metabolic pathway analysis found that when the LDA value was highter than 3.0, the functions of 4 genes were screened out: Folding_sorting_and_degradation, membrane transport,Cell motility and Signal transduction; Analysis of the level function of CAZy (Carbohydrate Active enzyme Database) showed that when the LDA value was highter than 3.0, a total of 21 biomarkers were obtained in the two groups, of which 13 were in the experimental group. The biomarker with the largest LDA value in the experimental group was CBM20. In the control group, the biomarker with the largest LDA value was GT2.4) Fecal short-chain fatty acid analysis showed that the contents of Butyric acid and Isovaleric acid in the experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). 5) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites found that there were 12 significantly different terms, which were as follows: Degradation of flavonoids,Linoleic acid metabolism, Cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, Arginine biosynthesis, Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids,Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, Autophagy-animal, Fatty acid biosynthesis,Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection; Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) identified three significant genes: Glycerophosphates metabolism; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; and Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. (Conclusion) In summary, the addition of Pediococcus pentosaceus 368 can make the species similarity become consistent in the fecal Archaea of Duroc×Saba pigs. Improve the relative abundance of microbial functional genes related to Signal transduction, Cell motility, amino acid and fat metabolism in feces, and improve the probiotic function of bacteria and enzymes related to amino acid and fat metabolism.

, authors=Shaona LIU1, Yan ZHANG1, Heli XIONG1, Zhixiang ZHANG1, 2, Wenjing WAN1, 2, Zhiyong ZHAO1, authorsList=Shaona LIU, Yan ZHANG, Heli XIONG, Zhixiang ZHANG, Wenjing WAN, Zhiyong ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shaona LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LIU Shaona, E-mail:
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旨在研究戊糖片球菌368菌对杜撒猪粪便中古菌和代谢产物组成的影响。采用单因素实验设计,选用体重约为77 kg的杜撒猪20头,随机分为2组,对照组和试验组每组10头。试验组饮水中添加戊糖片球菌368(1010 CFU·L-1)。试验期为28 d。试验结束当天进行屠宰测定,通过粪便的古菌和代谢产物分析,评价戊糖片球菌368对杜撒猪的影响。结果显示:1)主坐标PCoA(Principal Coordinates Analysis)分析发现,试验组和对照组样品未能完全分开,添加戊糖片球菌368后,试验组的物种相似性趋于一致。2)门水平上,两组相对丰度最高的是暂定种_雷神古菌门,属水平上,两组相对丰度最高的为甲烷短杆菌属;当LDA(Linear Discriminant Analysis)值大于3.0时,两组共获得14个生物标志物。其中试验组获得14个生物标志物,试验FA组内LDA值最大的是未分类的热原体纲。3)KEEG代谢通路分析发现,当LDA值大于3.0时,筛选出4个基因功能:折叠,排序和降解(Folding_sorting_and_degradation),膜转运(Membrane_transport),细胞运动(Cell_motility)和信号转导(Sgnal_transduction)。CAZy(Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Database,碳水化合物活性酶数据库)水平功能分析发现,当LDA 值大于3.0时,两组共获得21个生物标志物,其中试验组13个,试验组内LDA值最大的是CBM20,对照组内LDA值最大的为GT2。4)粪便短链脂肪酸分析发现,试验组样品中丁酸和异戊酸含量显著下降(P<0.05)。5)差异代谢产物的KEGG通路富集分析发现差异显著的有12条,分别为:类黄酮的降解,亚油酸的代谢,角质,亚蜡和蜡的生成,精氨酸生物合成,缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸的生物合成,大麻素信号,苯丙素的生物合成,不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成,自噬-动物,脂肪酸的生物合成,疱疹病毒感染;GSEA(Gene Set Enrichment Analysis,基因集富集分析)发现3种显著基因:甘油磷酸酯代谢,甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢和不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成。综上所述,杜撒猪饮水中添加戊糖片球菌368,其粪便中古菌的物种趋于一致,提高粪便中与信号转导、细胞运动、氨基酸和脂肪代谢相关功能的微生物功能基因的相对丰度,具有提高氨基酸和脂肪代谢相关菌和酶类的益生功能。

, authors=刘韶娜1, 张彦1, 熊和丽1, 张志翔1, 2, 万文璟1, 2, 赵智勇1, authorsList=刘韶娜, 张彦, 熊和丽, 张志翔, 万文璟, 赵智勇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘韶娜, authorNote=

刘韶娜,副研究员,主要从事动物营养与微生物学研究

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刘韶娜,主要从事动物营养与微生物学研究,E-mail: ,Tel: 0871-65018775
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刘韶娜,副研究员,主要从事动物营养与微生物学研究

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刘韶娜,副研究员,主要从事动物营养与微生物学研究

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postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.云南农业大学动物科技学院,昆明 650201)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307282914945819108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013105372913908, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Principal coordinates analysis

FC means the samples in control group;FA means the samples in experimental group. The same as below

, figureFileSmall=DZrLolHVnVw7F3umbINBxg==, figureFileBig=S3ciQsK7MZLpLhfd0VkMNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282915252003301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013105372913908, language=CN, label=图1, caption=主坐标分析(PCoA)

FC为对照组样品;FA为试验组样品。下同

, figureFileSmall=DZrLolHVnVw7F3umbINBxg==, figureFileBig=S3ciQsK7MZLpLhfd0VkMNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282915365249510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013105372913908, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Analysis of community composition bar diagram (A and B) and differences of microbiota composition based on LDA (C)

A. At phylum level; B. At genus level; C. Differential analysis of micorbiota composition

, figureFileSmall=znI+fZy6V90eAkOXX5A6ww==, figureFileBig=XSmcQPSIzNWA29jVVpqgvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282915432358375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013105372913908, language=CN, label=图2, caption=物种组成群落柱形图分析(A和B)和基于LDA的群落组成差异分析(C)

Candidatus_Thorarchaeota:暂定种_雷神古菌门;Candidatus_Bathyarchaeota:暂定种_深古菌门;Crenarchaeota:泉古菌门;Candidatus_Lokiarchaeota:暂定种_洛基古菌;Candidatus_Woesearchaeota:暂定种_沃斯古菌门;Thaumarchaeota:奇古菌;Candidatus_Altiarchaeota:暂定种_;Candidatus_Heimdallarchaeota:暂定种_白神古菌门;Candidatus_Korarchaeota:暂定种_初古菌门;Candidatus_Aenigmarchaeota:暂定种_谜古菌门;Nanoarchaeota:纳古菌;Candidatus_Verstraetearchaeota:暂定种_佛斯特拉门;Candidatus_Diapherotrites:暂定种_丙盐古菌门;Candidatus_Marsarchaeota:暂定种_火星古菌门Methanobrevibacter:甲烷短杆菌属;Methanosarcina:甲烷八叠球菌属;Methanoculleus:甲烷囊菌属;Methanosphaera:甲烷球形菌属;Methanocorpusculum:甲烷粒菌属;Thermococcus:超嗜热古菌;Methanohalophilus:甲烷细菌属;Methanobacterium:甲烷杆菌属;Methanothrix:甲烷丝菌属;Methanomicrobium:甲烷微菌;Methanococcoides:拟甲烷球菌;Nitrosopumilus:氨氧化古菌;Methanococcus:产甲烷球菌属g_Thermoplasmata_unclassified: 未分类的热原体纲;o_Thermoplasmata_unclassified:未分类的热原体纲;f_Thermoplasmata_unclassified:未分类的热原体纲;o_Methanosarcinales:甲烷八叠球菌目;f_Methanosarcinaceae:甲烷八叠球菌科;c_Thermoprotei:热变形菌纲;c_Thermococci:热球菌纲;g_Methanohalophilus:甲烷嗜盐菌属A.门水平;B.属水平;C.群落组成差异分析

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ko00946 | Degradation of flavonoids:类黄酮的降解;ko00591 | Linoleic acid metabolism:亚油酸的代谢;ko00073 | Cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis:角质,亚蜡和蜡的生成;ko00220 | Arginine biosynthesis:精氨酸生物合成;ko00290 | Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis:缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸的生物合成;ko04723 | Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling:大麻素信号;ko01061 | Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids:苯丙素的生物合成;ko01040 | Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids:不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成;ko04140 | Autophagy-animal:自噬-动物;ko00061 | Fatty acid biosynthesis:脂肪酸的生物合成;ko05167 | Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection:疱疹病毒感染;ko01060 | Biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites:植物次生代谢物的生物合成;ko00563 | Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis:糖基磷脂酰肌醇-生物合成;ko04136 | Autophagy-other:自噬-其他;ko04138 | Autophagy - yeast:自噬-酵母;ko05130 | Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection:致病性大肠杆菌感染;ko04148 | Efferocytosis:胞葬作用;ko05231 | Choline metabolism in cancer:癌症中的胆碱代谢

, figureFileSmall=5ombD3dmWeA1vCfEv99R7A==, figureFileBig=X+8vDIOGVkQ9szQp5mPmRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282918653583860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013105372913908, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Analysis of alpha diversity at level genus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 ItemShannon指数Simpson指数Chao1指数
对照组 Control Group4.60±0.350.86±0.029651.33±27.28
试验组 Experimental Group5.04±0.240.90±0.018643.40±28.89
P值 P-value0.0650.0930.70
), ArticleFig(id=1307282918737469941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013105372913908, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基于属水平的α多样性指数分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 ItemShannon指数Simpson指数Chao1指数
对照组 Control Group4.60±0.350.86±0.029651.33±27.28
试验组 Experimental Group5.04±0.240.90±0.018643.40±28.89
P值 P-value0.0650.0930.70
), ArticleFig(id=1307282919068819958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013105372913908, language=EN, label=Table2, caption=

The content of short chain fatty acid in facel samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Item对照组 Control group试验组 Experimental groupP值 P-value
乙酸 Acetic acid65.21±8.5661.58±11.390.44
丙酸 Propionic acid27.58±5.2423.99±4.540.19
异丁酸 Isobutyric acid3.12±1.091.59±0.280.076
丁酸 Butyric Acid18.30±6.1011.44±2.190.022
异戊酸 Isovaleric acid3.57±1.591.15±0.340.016
戊酸 Valeric acid3.03±1.092.53±1.370.46
己酸 Hexanoic acid0.043±0.0260.024±0.0130.11
), ArticleFig(id=1307282919161094647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013105372913908, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

粪便中短链脂肪酸测定结果 (μmol·g-1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Item对照组 Control group试验组 Experimental groupP值 P-value
乙酸 Acetic acid65.21±8.5661.58±11.390.44
丙酸 Propionic acid27.58±5.2423.99±4.540.19
异丁酸 Isobutyric acid3.12±1.091.59±0.280.076
丁酸 Butyric Acid18.30±6.1011.44±2.190.022
异戊酸 Isovaleric acid3.57±1.591.15±0.340.016
戊酸 Valeric acid3.03±1.092.53±1.370.46
己酸 Hexanoic acid0.043±0.0260.024±0.0130.11
), ArticleFig(id=1307282919530193401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013105372913908, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Number of metabolites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
离子模式Ion mode

代谢离子数目

Number of ionic

metabolites

一级代谢物数目

Number of ionicmetabolites

at level 2

注释到HMDB数据库的一级代谢物数目

Number of metabolitesannotated to the HMDBdatabase at level 1

注释到KEGG数据库一级代谢物的数目

Number of metabolitesannotated to the KEGGdatabase at level 1

正 Positive15 2989 0487 4617 045
负 Negative21 31814 94513 27711 739
), ArticleFig(id=1307282919878320634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013105372913908, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

代谢物数目

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
离子模式Ion mode

代谢离子数目

Number of ionic

metabolites

一级代谢物数目

Number of ionicmetabolites

at level 2

注释到HMDB数据库的一级代谢物数目

Number of metabolitesannotated to the HMDBdatabase at level 1

注释到KEGG数据库一级代谢物的数目

Number of metabolitesannotated to the KEGGdatabase at level 1

正 Positive15 2989 0487 4617 045
负 Negative21 31814 94513 27711 739
), ArticleFig(id=1307282919958012411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013105372913908, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Gene set enrichment analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 Item校正后富集分值NESp值NOM.pvalq值FDR.qval
甘油磷酸酯代谢 Glycerophospholipid metabolism2.140.000.00
甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢 Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism1.730.020.17
不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成 Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids1.660.010.23
), ArticleFig(id=1307282920016732668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013105372913908, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

基因富集分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 Item校正后富集分值NESp值NOM.pvalq值FDR.qval
甘油磷酸酯代谢 Glycerophospholipid metabolism2.140.000.00
甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢 Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism1.730.020.17
不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成 Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids1.660.010.23
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戊糖片球菌368对杜撒猪粪便中古菌及代谢产物的影响
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刘韶娜 1 , 张彦 1 , 熊和丽 1 , 张志翔 1, 2 , 万文璟 1, 2 , 赵智勇 1
畜牧兽医学报 | 营养与饲料 2026,57(2): 848-860
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畜牧兽医学报 |营养与饲料 2026 , 57 (2) : 848 -860
戊糖片球菌368对杜撒猪粪便中古菌及代谢产物的影响
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刘韶娜1 , 张彦1, 熊和丽1, 张志翔1, 2, 万文璟1, 2, 赵智勇1
作者信息
  • 1.云南省畜牧兽医科学院,昆明 650224
  • 2.云南农业大学动物科技学院,昆明 650201
通讯作者:
刘韶娜,主要从事动物营养与微生物学研究,E-mail: ,Tel: 0871-65018775
作者简介:

刘韶娜,副研究员,主要从事动物营养与微生物学研究

Effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus 368 on Fecal Archaea and Fecal Metabolites of Duroc×Saba Pig
Shaona LIU1 , Yan ZHANG1, Heli XIONG1, Zhixiang ZHANG1, 2, Wenjing WAN1, 2, Zhiyong ZHAO1
Affiliations
  • 1.Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute,Kunming 650224,China
  • 2.Faculty of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LIU Shaona, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-02-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.024
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旨在研究戊糖片球菌368菌对杜撒猪粪便中古菌和代谢产物组成的影响。采用单因素实验设计,选用体重约为77 kg的杜撒猪20头,随机分为2组,对照组和试验组每组10头。试验组饮水中添加戊糖片球菌368(1010 CFU·L-1)。试验期为28 d。试验结束当天进行屠宰测定,通过粪便的古菌和代谢产物分析,评价戊糖片球菌368对杜撒猪的影响。结果显示:1)主坐标PCoA(Principal Coordinates Analysis)分析发现,试验组和对照组样品未能完全分开,添加戊糖片球菌368后,试验组的物种相似性趋于一致。2)门水平上,两组相对丰度最高的是暂定种_雷神古菌门,属水平上,两组相对丰度最高的为甲烷短杆菌属;当LDA(Linear Discriminant Analysis)值大于3.0时,两组共获得14个生物标志物。其中试验组获得14个生物标志物,试验FA组内LDA值最大的是未分类的热原体纲。3)KEEG代谢通路分析发现,当LDA值大于3.0时,筛选出4个基因功能:折叠,排序和降解(Folding_sorting_and_degradation),膜转运(Membrane_transport),细胞运动(Cell_motility)和信号转导(Sgnal_transduction)。CAZy(Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Database,碳水化合物活性酶数据库)水平功能分析发现,当LDA 值大于3.0时,两组共获得21个生物标志物,其中试验组13个,试验组内LDA值最大的是CBM20,对照组内LDA值最大的为GT2。4)粪便短链脂肪酸分析发现,试验组样品中丁酸和异戊酸含量显著下降(P<0.05)。5)差异代谢产物的KEGG通路富集分析发现差异显著的有12条,分别为:类黄酮的降解,亚油酸的代谢,角质,亚蜡和蜡的生成,精氨酸生物合成,缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸的生物合成,大麻素信号,苯丙素的生物合成,不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成,自噬-动物,脂肪酸的生物合成,疱疹病毒感染;GSEA(Gene Set Enrichment Analysis,基因集富集分析)发现3种显著基因:甘油磷酸酯代谢,甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢和不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成。综上所述,杜撒猪饮水中添加戊糖片球菌368,其粪便中古菌的物种趋于一致,提高粪便中与信号转导、细胞运动、氨基酸和脂肪代谢相关功能的微生物功能基因的相对丰度,具有提高氨基酸和脂肪代谢相关菌和酶类的益生功能。

杜撒猪  /  戊糖片球菌  /  古菌  /  非靶向代谢组学

The study aimed to explore the effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus 368 on Archaea and metabolites in feces of Duroc×Saba pig. Twenty Duroc×Saba pigs which body weight were about 77 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups with 10 pigs per group. The pigs in experimental group drinked water added with Pediococcus pentosaceus 368(1010 CFU·L-1). The experiment lasted for 28 days. On the day at the end of the experiment, slaughterings were conducted. The effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus 368 on Duroc×Saba pig were analyzed through the Archaea in feces and the fecal metabolites. The results showed as follows: 1) PCoA (Principal Coordinates Analysis) analysis found that samples in the experimental group and control group could not be completely separated, and species similarity in the experimental group became consistent after the addition of Pediococcus pentosus 368.2) At the phylum level, the highest relative abundance of the two groups was the Candidatus_Thorarchaeota and at the genus level, the highest relative abundance of the two groups was Methanobrevibacter. When the Linear Discriminant Analysis value was highter than 3.0, the two groups obtained 14 biomarkers. Among them, 14 biomarkers were in the experimental group, and the largest LDA value in the experimental group was the Thermoplasmata_unclassified.3) KEEG metabolic pathway analysis found that when the LDA value was highter than 3.0, the functions of 4 genes were screened out: Folding_sorting_and_degradation, membrane transport,Cell motility and Signal transduction; Analysis of the level function of CAZy (Carbohydrate Active enzyme Database) showed that when the LDA value was highter than 3.0, a total of 21 biomarkers were obtained in the two groups, of which 13 were in the experimental group. The biomarker with the largest LDA value in the experimental group was CBM20. In the control group, the biomarker with the largest LDA value was GT2.4) Fecal short-chain fatty acid analysis showed that the contents of Butyric acid and Isovaleric acid in the experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). 5) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites found that there were 12 significantly different terms, which were as follows: Degradation of flavonoids,Linoleic acid metabolism, Cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, Arginine biosynthesis, Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids,Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, Autophagy-animal, Fatty acid biosynthesis,Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection; Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) identified three significant genes: Glycerophosphates metabolism; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; and Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. (Conclusion) In summary, the addition of Pediococcus pentosaceus 368 can make the species similarity become consistent in the fecal Archaea of Duroc×Saba pigs. Improve the relative abundance of microbial functional genes related to Signal transduction, Cell motility, amino acid and fat metabolism in feces, and improve the probiotic function of bacteria and enzymes related to amino acid and fat metabolism.

Duroc×Saba pig  /  Pediococcus pentosaceus  /  Archaea  /  LC-MS
刘韶娜, 张彦, 熊和丽, 张志翔, 万文璟, 赵智勇. 戊糖片球菌368对杜撒猪粪便中古菌及代谢产物的影响. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (2) : 848 -860 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.024
Shaona LIU, Yan ZHANG, Heli XIONG, Zhixiang ZHANG, Wenjing WAN, Zhiyong ZHAO. Effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus 368 on Fecal Archaea and Fecal Metabolites of Duroc×Saba Pig[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (2) : 848 -860 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.024
益生菌是指添加后对宿主具有健康益处的微生物[1]。益生菌具有提高宿主的生长速度[2]、产品质量[3⁃5]和免疫力[6],调控肠道健康[7]的作用。近年来研究发现,益生菌通过干扰病原菌的信号转导,从而抑制其定殖[7],通过编码元件,介导菌体与宿主表面的黏附调控宿主免疫功能,促进细菌互作,共同定殖在宿主体内[8]。益生菌具有促进生长[9],提高生产性能[10],促进肠道健康[11]的作用。如,植物乳杆菌通过调节肠道内功能性细菌和噬菌体水平,降低条件致病菌丰度,增加短链脂肪酸含量,改善慢性腹泻[12]。益生菌可改善仔猪肠上皮形态和肠道免疫[13]。凝结芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌等混合益生菌可改善大口黑鲈的肉品质及肠道健康[14]。戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)属于革兰阳性菌,在抗氧化、抗炎、抑菌等方面均具有积极作用。Zeng等[15]研究发现戊糖片球菌增加家蚕体重、饲料效率和丝产量,降低宿主感染。Yu等[16]研究发现,戊糖片球菌能够缓解西式饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)小鼠模型中NAFLD进展。Yang等[17]研究发现,戊糖片球菌能够改善断奶仔猪血浆中的氨基酸代谢和脂质代谢通路。Wang[18]等则发现,戊糖片球菌能够提高肉鸡的短链脂肪酸水平,改善鸡肉风味并增加肠道菌群多样性。目前已发表的关于戊糖片球菌的研究,主要集中在抗病、产酶、调控肠道细菌菌群的影响,关注点也多为细菌,试验动物多为鸡和小鼠等,有关该菌对大型地方品种的试验动物,如撒坝猪的古菌组成和基因功能影响的研究报道较少。撒坝猪为云南省地方猪种,具有肉品质优良和耐粗饲的优点,但其饲料转化率不高的特点限制了其利用发展。因此,为更好地研究和利用云南省地方猪种,进一步明确戊糖片球菌在动物体内的试验效果,本研究选用含撒坝猪血缘50%的地方猪杂交猪为试验对象,通过代谢组学分析等方法探究戊糖片球菌的作用效果,从古菌的结构和代谢产物角度明确其对地方猪杂交猪的影响,以期为戊糖片球菌的应用提供理论依据。
本试验中戊糖片球菌368(已保藏于中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心,保存号:CGMCC 18709)由本试验室从迪庆藏猪消化道中(盲肠)分离所得。
试验动物选取体重约为77 kg的20头杜撒猪育肥猪(含杜洛克50%和撒坝猪50%的血缘,公母各半),随机分为2组(试验组FA和对照组FC),公母各半,每组2个重复,每个重复5头猪,其中对照组体重为77.25±4.61 kg,试验组体重为77.05±3.15 kg。两组饲喂相同的基础饲粮,基础日粮参考肉脂型猪饲养标准(NY/T 65—2004)进行配方设计,试验组饮水中添加戊糖片球菌368(1010 CFU·L-1),对照组饮水中无添加,添加量参考前期研究[19],添加方法为:按照试验设计浓度每天加料前清理水箱并添加戊糖片球菌368溶液(1010 CFU·L-1),试验期为28 d。动物试验由云南省畜牧兽医科学院动物伦理委员会批准,批准号YNASVI01-2023011。
基础饲粮组成及营养水平参考本课题组前期研究[19],动物饲养试验在禄劝人和养殖科技有限公司内进行,试验开始前进行空舍打扫与消毒,猪只称重与编号,饲养过程采用自由采食和自由饮水,其他管理按照管理程序进行。
试验结束后每组随机选择6头猪,采集新鲜猪粪便,即,刚排泄的粪便,用无菌取样器取粪便中间部分样品,迅速放入液氮中,用于后续代谢组学分析。
粪便的非靶向代谢组学和靶向代谢组学分析由杭州联川生物技术股份有限公司完成。
短链脂肪酸测定分析方法:准确称量50~100 mg粪便样本,加入1 mL 80%甲醇水和2颗研磨珠后研磨,涡旋,使用冷冻离心机(Eppedforf 5424R,德国艾本德)离心(20 000×g,4 ℃)15 min,取20 μL上清液至1.5 mL EP管中,加入20 μL 3-NPH(3-硝基苯肼)和20 μL EDC(水溶性碳二亚胺)试剂,放入40 ℃水浴30 min,加入初始流动相溶液至500 μL,涡旋混匀,取200 μL至进样小瓶用于液相色谱串联质谱联用仪(LC-MS/MS:Thermo Scientific TSQ Altis质谱仪,配Vanquish液相色谱仪)。
非靶向代谢组学分析测定方法:准确称取50~100 mg粪便样本,加入1 mL 80%甲醇水和2颗研磨珠后研磨,放入-20 ℃冰箱静置30 min,沉淀蛋白质。使用冷冻离心机(Eppedforf 5424R,德国艾本德)离心(20 000×g,4 ℃)15 min,取500 μL上清至1.5 mL EP管中,将上清液冷冻抽干后,加入100 μL 50%冰甲醇溶液复溶。20 000×g离心15 min后,取上清液于供UPLC-HRMS检测。分析仪器为超高压液相系统(Vanquish Flex UPLC,Thermo公司,美国),所用的色谱分析柱型号规格为ACQUITY UPLC T3(100 mm*2.1 mm, 1.8 µm, Waters,UK)。对下机原始数据利用Proteowizard的MSConvert软件进行转换成可读数据mzXML。利用XCMS软件进行峰提取,并做峰提取质控。对提取到的物质利用CAMERA进行加和离子注释,然后利用metaX软件进行一级鉴定。分别使用质谱一级信息进行鉴定和质谱二级信息与in-house标准品数据库进行匹配。候选鉴定物质分别利用HMDB、KEGG等数据库进行代谢物注释,解释代谢物的物理化学性质、生物功能。利用metaX软件对差异代谢物进行定量、差异代谢物筛选。
样品的总DNA提取以及宏基因组测序由杭州联川生物技术股份有限公司完成,采用Illumina公司的NovaSeq 6000测序仪测序,模式为PE150。
原始数据进行质控及宿主过滤,得到有效数据;从各样品质控后的有效数据出发,将所有样品的reads 放在一起进行混合组装,以期发现样品中的低丰度物种信息;从混合组装后的Scaffold出发,采用prodigal 进行基因预测,并进行去冗余,构建gene catalogue,综合各样品的有效数据,可获得gene catalogue 在各样品中的丰度信息;和MicroNR 库进行比对,获得每个基因(去冗余后)的物种注释信息,并结合基因丰度表,获得不同分类层级的物种丰度表,进行代谢通路(KEGG),抗性基因(CARD)分析和碳水化合物酶(CAZy)的功能注释和丰度分析。
采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),P<0.05为差异显著,P<0.01为差异极显著。数据以“平均值±标准差”表示。
所有的宏基因组测序数据和代谢组学测序数据均在杭州联川生物技术股份有限公司生物云平台上进行分析。
将12个杜撒猪粪便进行Illumina Novaseq 6000测序,分析其中古菌信息,按照97%的相似度聚类后,2组样品聚类为23个门,40个纲,57个目,87个科,191个属,770个种。
物种α多样性指数分析见表1。饮水中添加戊糖片球菌368后,其Shannon指数、Simpson指数和Chao1指数均无显著差异。
主坐标分析PCoA(Principal Coordinates Analysis)见图1。两组的样品重叠,其中试验组样品一致性更高,说明添加戊糖片球菌368后,两组样品既有相似部分,又有不同部分,添加戊糖片球菌368后,杜撒猪粪菌中古菌物种相似性趋于一致。综上所述,饲粮中添加戊糖片球菌368后,猪的粪便古菌一致性更高。
物种注释共获得23个门,40个纲,57个目,87个科,191个属和770个种。
如图2A所示,在门水平上,对照组FC和试验组FA相对丰度最高的优势物种均为暂定种_雷神古菌门,其次为暂定种_深古菌门和泉古菌门。如图2B所示,在属水平上,对照组和试验组相对丰度最高的为甲烷短杆菌属,其次为Candidatus_Methanomethylophilus和甲烷八叠球菌属,添加戊糖片球菌368后,试验组内甲烷短杆菌相对丰度下降(P<0.05)。
为挖掘添加戊糖片球菌368对杜撒猪粪便古菌的影响,采用基于LDA的群落组成差异分析(图2C),当LDA值大于3.0时,两组共获得14个生物标志物。其中试验组获得14个生物标志物,试验FA组内LDA值最大的是未分类的热原体纲,纲水平上,FA组中Candidatus_Poseidoniia,热变形菌纲和热球菌纲相对丰度高于FC组;目水平上,未分类的热原体纲,甲烷八叠球菌目和Candidatus_Poseidoniales相对丰度高于FC组;科水平上,FA组中Thermoplasmata_unclassified,甲烷八叠球菌科和Candidatus_Poseidoniales_unclassified相对丰度高于FC组;属水平上,FA组中未分类的热原体纲,Candidatus_Poseidoniales_unclassified和甲烷嗜盐菌属相对丰度高于FC组;种水平上,FA组中Thermoplasmata_archaeon和archaeon_SCG_AAA382B04相对丰度高于FC组。
KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,京都基因和基因组百科全书)分析如表4所示,在1级(level1)水平上(图3A),KEGG优势基因功能注释为5大通路,分别为:新陈代谢(Metabolism),遗传信息加工(Genetic Information Processing),环境信息加工(Environmental Information Processing),细胞过程(Cellular Processes)和人类疾病(Human Diseases),其中所能注释到基因数最多的是新陈代谢,最少的为人类疾病系统。在2级水平上(Level2)的KEGG优势基因功能注释(图3B),按照相对丰度高低排列分别为:Global and overview maps,能量代谢(Energy metabolism),辅助因子和维生素代谢(Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins),氨基酸代谢(Amino acid metabolism),碳水化合物代谢(Carbohydrate metabolism),核苷酸代谢(Nucletide metabolism),复制和修复(Replication and repair),翻译(Translation),折叠分类和降解(Folding,sorting and degradation),信号转导(Signal transduction),脂类代谢(Lipid metabolism),转录(Transcription),膜传输(Membrane transport),其他次生代谢物的合成(Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites),萜类和多酮类代谢(Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides),细胞群落-原核生物(Cellular community-prokaryotes),其他氨基酸代谢(Metabolism of other amino acids),多糖的生物合成和代谢(Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism),异种生物降解和代谢(Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism),细胞运动(Cell motility)。当LDA 值大于3.0时,筛选出4个基因功能:折叠,排序和降解(Folding_sorting_and_degradation),膜转运(Membrane_transport),细胞运动(Cell_motility)和信号转导(Signal_transduction)(图3C)。
CAZy(Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Database)碳水化合物活性酶数据库)见图4。如图4A所示,在1级(level1)水平上,CAZy优势基因功能注释为6大通路,按照丰度分别为:糖基转移酶(Glycosyl Transferases,GTs),糖苷水解酶(Glycoside Hydrolases,GHs),碳水化合物结合模块(Carbohydrate-Binding Modules,CBMs),碳水化合物酯酶(Carbohydrate Esterases,CEs),辅助氧化还原酶(Auxiliary Activities,AAs)和多糖裂合酶(Polysaccharide Lyases,PLs)。在2级水平上(Level2),CAZy优势基因功能注释为20大通路(图4B),其中,糖苷水解酶类10条(GH23,GH3,GH28,GH19,GH18,GH25,GH20,GH13,GH1,GH47),糖基转移酶类7条显著富集(GT2,GT4,GT32,GT1,GT66,GT51,GT68),碳水化合物结合模块3条基因显著富集(CBM50,CBM48,CBM20)。
为挖掘添加戊糖片球菌368对杜撒猪粪便CAZy基因功能的影响,采用基于LDA的群落组成差异分析(图4C),当LDA 值大于3.0时,两组共获得21个生物标志物,其中试验组13个,试验FA组内LDA值最大的是CBM20,对照组内LDA值最大的为GT2。
粪便中短链脂肪酸含量分析见表2,添加戊糖片球菌368后,试验组样品中丁酸和异戊酸含量显著下降(P<0.05)。
2.3.2.1 非靶向代谢组特征:由表3可知,从两组杜撒育肥猪粪便样品中共鉴定出一级代谢物23 993种,其中正离子代谢物9 048种,负离子代谢物14 945种;注释到KEGG数据库的代谢物18 784种,注释到HMDB数据库的代谢物20 738种。
2.3.2.2 PLS-DA分析:用判别分析的直观展示分类效果采用偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)方法分析差异代谢产物。如图5所示,2组样品完全分开且分离度较大,说明添加戊糖片球菌后,猪粪便中代谢物的组成发生了改变。
2.3.2.3 差异代谢产物:两组的差异代谢物共计606种(图6),与对照组相比,试验组内有30种代谢物显著上调,25种显著下调,551种则差异不显著。针对差异代谢产物的KEGG通路富集分析(图7)发现19条富集通路,其中差异显著的有12条,分别为:类黄酮的降解,亚油酸的代谢,角质,亚蜡和蜡的生成,精氨酸生物合成,缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸的生物合成,大麻素信号,苯丙素的生物合成,不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成,自噬-动物,脂肪酸的生物合成,疱疹病毒感染;差异不显著7条代谢通路为:植物次生代谢物的生物合成、糖基磷脂酰肌醇-生物合成、自噬-其他、自噬-酵母、致病性大肠杆菌感染、胞葬作用、癌症中的胆碱代谢,涉及到类黄酮降解、脂肪酸和氨基酸生成,亚油酸代谢等,其中富集通路最显著的为类黄酮降解。
GSEA(Gene Set Enrichment Analysis,基因集富集分析)应用于微效物质的有效信息挖掘,更为全面地对某一功能单位的调节作用进行解释,可与传统富集分析(图7)的互为补充。当|NES|>1,NOM.pval<0.05,FDR.qval<0.25时,筛选出3种基因(表4):甘油磷酸酯代谢,甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢和不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成。
动物的肠道内由细菌、真菌、古菌以及原核生物构成的复杂的、动态变化的以及相互作用的的微生态系统在其营养、免疫和生产中发挥着重要的作用[20]。为实现提高生产和抗病等目的[15],生产中常通过添加益生菌改善肠道微生物结构与功能。乳杆菌[16,21]与生长、免疫[22]、抗菌抗炎[23⁃25]及代谢[17]相关。粪便中微生物分析、结肠微生物分析是研究消化道微生物的常规的方法,本研究中采用常规条件下采样分析新鲜粪便中微生物的研究方法,可避免屠宰等产生的应激、采样时间、采样污染等因素造成样品中微生物的变化,更能反映出试验动物消化道中微生物的变化。古菌在自然界中广泛存在,产甲烷古菌、嗜盐古菌和奇古菌等属于机体内主要的古菌,古菌为适应肠道环境,可能通过水平基因转移,从细菌中获得胆盐水解酶、糖基转移酶等基因;古菌、宿主及共生细菌互作影响宿主健康,尚未发现致病古菌[26]。有研究者发现,中国人群肠道中11%的古菌组变化与宿主变量总体相关,其中,史密斯产甲烷短杆菌是影响古菌-细菌互作的最重要的因素之一,通过产生甲烷减缓食物通过胃肠道的速度,引起便秘,从而可能参与机体炎症反应和肥胖,且其丰度与多种产短链脂肪酸细菌正相关,与血液胆碱酯酶(痴呆相关参数)负相关[27];通过分析154名肠道炎症患者及肠易激综合征患者黏膜微生物发现,甲烷短杆菌缺乏破坏胃肠稳态、降低微生物多样性、促进厌氧菌的过度生长、降低脂肪酸氧化以及提高肠炎发病率等;甲烷短杆菌还与炎症相关菌Oscillospiraceae和短链脂肪酸代谢以及瘤胃球菌属Ruminococcus gnavus的水平降低相关[28]。古菌与膳食营养成分存在关联[29]。产甲烷的古菌与肥胖、营养不良、IBD、厌食症、动脉粥样硬化及Ⅳ型超敏反应等一系列免疫功能障碍相关,并可通过TLR8(Toll样受体)激活NLRP3炎症小体,调节抗菌肽的释放,并驱动促炎症(Th1、Th2及Th17)细胞因子的产生[30]。有学者对10项独立研究的1 821个人类肠道宏基因组数据分析发现,克里斯滕森菌和甲烷短杆菌正相关,克里斯滕森菌自聚集并产氢气为史氏甲烷短杆菌提供发酵底物;史氏甲烷短杆菌消耗氢气产生甲烷抑制小克里斯滕森菌的丁酸发酵途径,促进其产乙酸[31];目前,有关益生菌对猪的古菌的影响较少,对撒坝猪及其杂交系的研究还未见报道。本研究发现添加戊糖片球菌368后,粪便中古菌的α多样性并未有显著变化,α多样性主要关注局域均匀生境下的物种数目。粪便中属水平上相对丰度最高的为甲烷短杆菌属,甲烷八叠球菌目、甲烷八叠菌科以及甲烷嗜盐菌属的相对丰度均显著提高。在反刍动物中,上述古菌参与食物消化过程并产生甲烷等代谢产物,产甲烷古菌可利用氢气生成甲烷,并通过反刍动物的打嗝和排气排放[32]。在猪等单胃动物中,甲烷菌的作用还未见大量报道。本研究同时发现,粪便中丁酸和异戊酸含量均显著下降,本研究前期发现,添加戊糖片球菌368具有提高粪便中含水量的作用,因此本研究中短链脂肪酸的含量整体呈现下降趋势,其中丁酸和异戊酸呈现显著下降趋势[19]。异戊酸与震颤严重程度负相关[33]。吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶-1(IDO-1)是小肠上皮细胞(IEC)产生的调节免疫应答的因子,对肠道稳态很重要,丁酸通过降低STAT1(信号传导转录激活因子1)表达,抑制IFN-γ(γ干扰素)/pSTAT1通路,及抑制组蛋白脱乙酰酶的作用,从而发挥抑制IDO-1表达的作用[34]。 本研究中戊糖片球菌368或可能通过以下几种途径实现调节:一是甲烷短杆菌属促进古菌-细菌互作,调整短链脂肪酸相关菌的相对丰度,维持胃肠的稳态,共同影响宿主的代谢及健康;二是甲烷短杆菌促进短链脂肪酸产生,发挥益生作用;三是古菌调控了肠道内营养物质代谢,调节了粪便中水分含量,间接影响短链脂肪酸的含量。
CAZymes与碳水化合物代谢、蛋白质糖基化等相关。本试验结果显示,试验组中有糖苷水解酶类10条,糖基转移酶类7条以及碳水化合物结合模块3条基因显著富集。GHs是一种能够水解糖苷键并产生单糖、低聚糖等糖类的淀粉降解的主要酶类,是含有31种不同的酶的最大的糖苷酶水解家族,被划分为45个亚家族[35⁃36]。GH13家族与猪的饲料利用率,抗性淀粉消化以及缓解脂肪沉积呈正相关[37]。本试验结果显示GH13相对丰度显著上调,则表明添加戊糖片球菌后,或对饲料消化吸收具有潜在促进作用。GH13家族酶类联合结肠中细菌降解抗性淀粉[38]。提示饮水中添加戊糖片球菌或对复杂碳水化合物和脂质代谢有影响,或促进地方猪对地源性饲料的利用。
杜撒育肥猪饮水中添加戊糖片球菌368,粪便中古菌的物种趋于一致,粪便中丁酸和异戊酸含量降低,粪便中与信号转导、细胞运动、氨基酸和脂肪代谢相关功能的微生物功能基因的相对丰度提高。
  • 云南省基础研究项目(202201AT070247)
  • 云南省科技人才与平台计划(202405AC350081)
  • 云南省科技人才与平台计划(202505AT350004)
  • 云南省科技人才与平台计划(202305AF150168)
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.024
  • 接收时间:2025-01-06
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-02-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-06
基金
云南省基础研究项目(202201AT070247)
云南省科技人才与平台计划(202405AC350081)
云南省科技人才与平台计划(202505AT350004)
云南省科技人才与平台计划(202305AF150168)
作者信息
    1.云南省畜牧兽医科学院,昆明 650224
    2.云南农业大学动物科技学院,昆明 650201

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刘韶娜,主要从事动物营养与微生物学研究,E-mail: ,Tel: 0871-65018775
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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