Article(id=1307013406364557504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1738771200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545879211, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1771776000000, pubDateStr=2026-02-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545879211, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545879211, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545879211, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013104081068276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='2', pageStart='569', pageEnd='1176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771776000000', pubDateStr='2026-02-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545807142, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609910854, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281975350419753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281975350419754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=839, endPage=847, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013407790620865, articleId=1307013406364557504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Effects of Using Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten in Artificial Milks on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Metabolism, Immune Function and Antioxidant Capacity of Piglets, columnId=1307007400746176631, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=ANIMAL NUTRITION AND FEEDS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this experiment, the piglets weaned at 7 days of age were used, and the aim was to determine the effect which hydrolyzed wheat gluten (HWG) replacing different doses of whey protein concentrate (WPC) in artificial milks on growth performance, nutrient metabolism, immune function and antioxidant capacity of piglets. Forty-five healthy crossbred (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) piglets at 7 days of age were randomly allotted into four treatments, including control group (n=15), 33%HWG group (n=10), 66%HWG group (n=10), and 100%HWG group (n=10), which were fed the artificial milks that HWG replaced 0%, 33%, 66% and 100% WPC for 13 days, respectively. The results showed that HWG replacing WPC in artificial milks could affect growth performance, nitrogen metabolism, lipid metabolism, kidney function, immune function and antioxidant capacity in piglets. Compared with the piglets of control group, HWG replacing 66% and 100% WPC significantly reduced average daily feed intake and average daily gain (P<0.05), significantly enhanced feed to gain ratio and diarrhea index (P<0.05), significantly decreased serum creatinine (P<0.05), and significantly increased serum malondialdehyde concentrations (P<0.05) in piglets. In addition, serum immunoglobulin A and M levels were significantly reduced (P<0.05) when 66% of WPC was replaced by HWG, and serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly increased (P<0.05) when 100% of WPC was replaced by HWG. Compared with the piglets of control group, serum urea and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the piglets fed the artificial milk that HWG replaced 33% WPC (P<0.05). In summary, HWG replacing different doses of WPC in artificial milks might be not conducive to growth performance, nutrient metabolism, immune function and antioxidant capacity in the early-weaned piglets, but when HWG replacing 33% WPC in artificial milks had not significantly negative effect on piglets.

, authors=Feiran ZHANG1, Wei DENG2, Fengyu XIANG1, Bing HUANG1, Zhihang LI1, Xiangqi FAN1, Dayan TAN1, Xiangbing MAO1, authorsList=Feiran ZHANG, Wei DENG, Fengyu XIANG, Bing HUANG, Zhihang LI, Xiangqi FAN, Dayan TAN, Xiangbing MAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiangbing MAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
MAO Xiangbing, E-mail:
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本试验以7日龄断奶的仔猪为对象,探讨以小麦水解蛋白(hydrolyzed wheat gluten, HWG)替代人工乳中不同比例的乳清浓缩蛋白(whey protein concentrate, WPC)对仔猪生长性能、养分代谢、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。试验选取45头健康的7日龄“杜×长×大”阉公猪,按照体重相近的原则随机分为4个处理,即对照组(n=15)、33%HWG组(n=10)、66%HWG组(n=10)和100%HWG组(n=10),分别饲喂4种人工乳,即将不同比例的HWG分别替代对照组人工乳中的WPC,比例分别为0%、33%、66%和100%,试验期为13 d。结果表明,HWG替代人工乳中WPC会影响仔猪的生长性能、氮代谢、脂肪代谢、肾功能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力;与对照组相比,HWG替代WPC比例为66%和100%显著降低仔猪平均日采食量和平均日增重(P<0.05),显著提高了仔猪料重比和腹泻指数(P<0.05),显著减少血清肌酐(P<0.05),显著提升了血清丙二醛水平(P<0.05);此外,HWG替代WPC比例为66%时血清免疫球蛋白A和M水平也显著降低(P<0.05);替代比例为100%时,血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著升高(P<0.05)。当HWG替代WPC比例为33%仅表现为显著提高仔猪血清尿素和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(P<0.05)。综上所述,在人工乳中使用HWG替代不同比例WPC,可能不利于超早期断奶仔猪的生长性能、养分代谢、免疫功能和抗氧化功能,但当添加比例为33%时负面影响不显著。

, authors=张斐然1, 邓为2, 向丰禺1, 黄冰1, 李智行1, 范祥奇1, 谭大雁1, 毛湘冰1, authorsList=张斐然, 邓为, 向丰禺, 黄冰, 李智行, 范祥奇, 谭大雁, 毛湘冰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=毛湘冰, authorNote=

张斐然与邓为是同等贡献作者

张斐然,硕士生,主要从事动物营养与饲料科学研究,E-mail:

邓为,本科生,主要从事动物营养学研究,E-mail:

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毛湘冰,主要从事动物营养与饲料科学研究,E-mail:
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articleId=1307013406364557504, companyId=1307282758015935006, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川农业大学动物科技学院,成都 611130)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307282763338506839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013406364557504, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Ingredients and nutrient contents of artificial milks in this trial

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

项目

Item

HWG替代WPC比例

The ratio of HWG replacing WPC

033%66%100%
组成 Ingredients
乳糖 Lactose11.3212.9814.8416.49
全脂奶粉(24%粗蛋白质) Whole milk powder(24% CP)40.0040.0040.0040.00
乳清浓缩蛋白(70%粗蛋白质) Whey protein concentrate(70% CP)17.0011.345.67-
小麦水解蛋白(78.59%粗蛋白质) Hydrolyzed wheat gluten(78.59% CP)-4.118.2012.30
酪蛋白 Casein4.004.004.004.00
椰子油粉(50%粗脂肪) Coconut oil powder(50% EE)20.0019.0017.8016.80
葡萄糖 Glucose5.005.005.005.00
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-Lysine·HCl(78.5%)-0.501.001.51
DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Methionine(98.5%)-0.070.150.23
L-苏氨酸 L-Threonine(98%)-0.190.390.58
L-色氨酸 L-Tryptophan(98%)-0.050.110.17
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO41.761.841.922.00
甲酸钙 Calcium formate0.360.360.360.36
氯化胆碱 Choline chloride(50%)0.160.160.160.16
蛋白酶 Protease0.050.050.050.05
乳铁蛋白多肽 Lactoferrin peptide0.100.100.100.10
预混料 Premix1)0.250.250.250.25
合计 Total100.00100.00100.00100.00
营养水平2)Nutrient contents
消化能/(MJ·kg-1) Digestible energy18.4218.4218.4218.42
粗蛋白Crude protein25.0025.0225.0625.10
钙Calcium0.980.991.001.02
总磷Total phosphorus0.710.700.690.69
赖氨酸Lysine2.492.492.492.49
蛋氨酸Methionine0.650.650.660.67
苏氨酸Threonine1.471.471.471.47
), ArticleFig(id=1307282763422392920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013406364557504, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验人工乳组成及营养成分 (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

项目

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HWG替代WPC比例

The ratio of HWG replacing WPC

033%66%100%
组成 Ingredients
乳糖 Lactose11.3212.9814.8416.49
全脂奶粉(24%粗蛋白质) Whole milk powder(24% CP)40.0040.0040.0040.00
乳清浓缩蛋白(70%粗蛋白质) Whey protein concentrate(70% CP)17.0011.345.67-
小麦水解蛋白(78.59%粗蛋白质) Hydrolyzed wheat gluten(78.59% CP)-4.118.2012.30
酪蛋白 Casein4.004.004.004.00
椰子油粉(50%粗脂肪) Coconut oil powder(50% EE)20.0019.0017.8016.80
葡萄糖 Glucose5.005.005.005.00
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-Lysine·HCl(78.5%)-0.501.001.51
DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Methionine(98.5%)-0.070.150.23
L-苏氨酸 L-Threonine(98%)-0.190.390.58
L-色氨酸 L-Tryptophan(98%)-0.050.110.17
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO41.761.841.922.00
甲酸钙 Calcium formate0.360.360.360.36
氯化胆碱 Choline chloride(50%)0.160.160.160.16
蛋白酶 Protease0.050.050.050.05
乳铁蛋白多肽 Lactoferrin peptide0.100.100.100.10
预混料 Premix1)0.250.250.250.25
合计 Total100.00100.00100.00100.00
营养水平2)Nutrient contents
消化能/(MJ·kg-1) Digestible energy18.4218.4218.4218.42
粗蛋白Crude protein25.0025.0225.0625.10
钙Calcium0.980.991.001.02
总磷Total phosphorus0.710.700.690.69
赖氨酸Lysine2.492.492.492.49
蛋氨酸Methionine0.650.650.660.67
苏氨酸Threonine1.471.471.471.47
), ArticleFig(id=1307282763489501785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013406364557504, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of HWG replacing WPC in artificial milk on growth performance of piglets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

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对照

CON

HWG替代WPC比例

The ratio of HWG replacing WPC

33%66%100%
初始体重/kg Initial body weight2.39±0.082.30±0.112.43±0.082.48±0.09
终末体重/kg Final body weight7.01±0.31a6.53±0.27ab5.96±0.24b4.67±0.17c
平均日采食量/g ADFI386.67±20.65a353.30±11.53a339.16±11.94a236.10±13.34b
平均日增重/g ADG359.79±16.97a325.98±13.39a279.69±14.91b168.15±9.16c
料重比 F/G1.07±0.03c1.09±0.04bc1.23±0.05b1.42±0.08a
腹泻指数 Diarrhea index0.42±0.09c0.62±0.18bc0.94±0.14ab1.13±0.08a
), ArticleFig(id=1307282763556610650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013406364557504, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

HWG替代人工乳中WPC对仔猪生长性能和腹泻指数的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

项目

Item

对照

CON

HWG替代WPC比例

The ratio of HWG replacing WPC

33%66%100%
初始体重/kg Initial body weight2.39±0.082.30±0.112.43±0.082.48±0.09
终末体重/kg Final body weight7.01±0.31a6.53±0.27ab5.96±0.24b4.67±0.17c
平均日采食量/g ADFI386.67±20.65a353.30±11.53a339.16±11.94a236.10±13.34b
平均日增重/g ADG359.79±16.97a325.98±13.39a279.69±14.91b168.15±9.16c
料重比 F/G1.07±0.03c1.09±0.04bc1.23±0.05b1.42±0.08a
腹泻指数 Diarrhea index0.42±0.09c0.62±0.18bc0.94±0.14ab1.13±0.08a
), ArticleFig(id=1307282763615330907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013406364557504, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of HWG replacing WPC in artificial milk on serum biochemical parameters of piglets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

项目

Item

对照

CON

HWG替代WPC比例

The ratio of HWG replacing WPC

33%66%100%
谷丙转氨酶/(U·L-1) GPT39.40±2.4738.33±2.7136.83±1.5140.30±2.70
谷草转氨酶/(U·L-1) GOT45.27±4.4945.67±5.4633.17±4.6136.40±3.37
总蛋白/(g·L-1) TP50.33±1.20ab51.78±1.61ab54.83±2.33a49.90±1.29b
白蛋白/(g·L-1) ALB31.27±0.8732.33±1.1333.67±1.9630.30±0.99
球蛋白/(g·L-1) GLOB18.93±0.9719.56±1.8921.00±0.8619.60±0.75
尿素/(mmol·L-1) Urea2.61±0.22b3.60±0.32a3.12±0.44ab3.18±0.30ab
肌酐/(µmol·L-1) CREA92.07±2.94a86.00±3.33ab75.50±3.50b76.60±4.58b
尿酸/(µmol·L-1) UA1.80±0.311.89±0.421.33±0.211.60±0.22
葡萄糖/(mmol·L-1) GLU6.44±0.35ab7.00±0.52a5.63±0.35b6.25±0.26ab
胆固醇/(mmol·L-1) CHO2.90±0.123.10±0.113.22±0.343.01±0.18
甘油三酯/(mmol·L-1) TG0.50±0.050.57±0.060.61±0.070.67±0.04
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol·L-1) HDL-C1.22±0.11b1.59±0.09a1.47±0.16ab1.66±0.09a
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol·L-1) LDL-C1.35±0.05ab1.34±0.05ab1.54±0.17b1.14±0.16a
极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol·L-1) VLDL-C0.10±0.010.11±0.010.12±0.010.13±0.01
C-反应蛋白/(mg·L-1) CRP10.47±2.468.58±2.6211.83±4.077.44±2.27
), ArticleFig(id=1307282763686634076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013406364557504, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

HWG替代人工乳中WPC对仔猪血清生化指标的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

项目

Item

对照

CON

HWG替代WPC比例

The ratio of HWG replacing WPC

33%66%100%
谷丙转氨酶/(U·L-1) GPT39.40±2.4738.33±2.7136.83±1.5140.30±2.70
谷草转氨酶/(U·L-1) GOT45.27±4.4945.67±5.4633.17±4.6136.40±3.37
总蛋白/(g·L-1) TP50.33±1.20ab51.78±1.61ab54.83±2.33a49.90±1.29b
白蛋白/(g·L-1) ALB31.27±0.8732.33±1.1333.67±1.9630.30±0.99
球蛋白/(g·L-1) GLOB18.93±0.9719.56±1.8921.00±0.8619.60±0.75
尿素/(mmol·L-1) Urea2.61±0.22b3.60±0.32a3.12±0.44ab3.18±0.30ab
肌酐/(µmol·L-1) CREA92.07±2.94a86.00±3.33ab75.50±3.50b76.60±4.58b
尿酸/(µmol·L-1) UA1.80±0.311.89±0.421.33±0.211.60±0.22
葡萄糖/(mmol·L-1) GLU6.44±0.35ab7.00±0.52a5.63±0.35b6.25±0.26ab
胆固醇/(mmol·L-1) CHO2.90±0.123.10±0.113.22±0.343.01±0.18
甘油三酯/(mmol·L-1) TG0.50±0.050.57±0.060.61±0.070.67±0.04
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol·L-1) HDL-C1.22±0.11b1.59±0.09a1.47±0.16ab1.66±0.09a
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol·L-1) LDL-C1.35±0.05ab1.34±0.05ab1.54±0.17b1.14±0.16a
极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol·L-1) VLDL-C0.10±0.010.11±0.010.12±0.010.13±0.01
C-反应蛋白/(mg·L-1) CRP10.47±2.468.58±2.6211.83±4.077.44±2.27
), ArticleFig(id=1307282763757937245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013406364557504, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of HWG replacing WPC in artificial milk on serum immunoglobulin levels of piglets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

项目

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对照

CON

HWG替代WPC比例

The ratio of HWG replacing WPC

33%66%100%
免疫球蛋白A/(µg ·mL-1) IgA878.27±20.78a850.91±34.63a668.77±116.17b857.39±44.10a
免疫球蛋白M/(µg ·mL-1) IgM21.58±0.277a21.61±0.34a18.40±1.81b21.18±0.80a
免疫球蛋白G/(µg ·mL-1) IgG39.65±6.3927.41±4.8628.10±10.7238.26±9.72
), ArticleFig(id=1307282763816657502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013406364557504, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

HWG替代人工乳中WPC对仔猪血清中免疫球蛋白水平的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

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对照

CON

HWG替代WPC比例

The ratio of HWG replacing WPC

33%66%100%
免疫球蛋白A/(µg ·mL-1) IgA878.27±20.78a850.91±34.63a668.77±116.17b857.39±44.10a
免疫球蛋白M/(µg ·mL-1) IgM21.58±0.277a21.61±0.34a18.40±1.81b21.18±0.80a
免疫球蛋白G/(µg ·mL-1) IgG39.65±6.3927.41±4.8628.10±10.7238.26±9.72
), ArticleFig(id=1307282763896349279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013406364557504, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of HWG replacing WPC in artificial milk on serum antioxidant capacity of piglets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

项目

Item

对照

CON

HWG替代WPC比例

The ratio of HWG replacing WPC

33%66%100%
总抗氧化能力/(U·mL-1) T-AOC2.87±0.322.72±0.303.64±0.152.76±0.31
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶/(mU·mL-1) GSH-Px113.15±5.30ab114.62±5.25ab127.78±5.35a109.96±3.84b
丙二醛/(nmol·mL-1) MDA2.16±0.46b1.41±0.24b6.21±0.36a5.46±0.62a
), ArticleFig(id=1307282763963458144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013406364557504, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

HWG替代人工乳中WPC对仔猪血清中抗氧化能力的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

项目

Item

对照

CON

HWG替代WPC比例

The ratio of HWG replacing WPC

33%66%100%
总抗氧化能力/(U·mL-1) T-AOC2.87±0.322.72±0.303.64±0.152.76±0.31
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶/(mU·mL-1) GSH-Px113.15±5.30ab114.62±5.25ab127.78±5.35a109.96±3.84b
丙二醛/(nmol·mL-1) MDA2.16±0.46b1.41±0.24b6.21±0.36a5.46±0.62a
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人工乳用小麦水解蛋白对仔猪生长性能、代谢、免疫和抗氧化的影响
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张斐然 1 , 邓为 2 , 向丰禺 1 , 黄冰 1 , 李智行 1 , 范祥奇 1 , 谭大雁 1 , 毛湘冰 1
畜牧兽医学报 | 营养与饲料 2026,57(2): 839-847
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畜牧兽医学报 |营养与饲料 2026 , 57 (2) : 839 -847
人工乳用小麦水解蛋白对仔猪生长性能、代谢、免疫和抗氧化的影响
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张斐然1 , 邓为2 , 向丰禺1, 黄冰1, 李智行1, 范祥奇1, 谭大雁1, 毛湘冰1
作者信息
  • 1.四川农业大学动物营养研究所 动物抗病营养教育部重点实验室 农业农村部动物抗病营养与饲料重点实验室 动物抗病营养四川省重点实验室,成都 611130
  • 2.四川农业大学动物科技学院,成都 611130
通讯作者:
毛湘冰,主要从事动物营养与饲料科学研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

张斐然与邓为是同等贡献作者

张斐然,硕士生,主要从事动物营养与饲料科学研究,E-mail:

邓为,本科生,主要从事动物营养学研究,E-mail:

Effects of Using Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten in Artificial Milks on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Metabolism, Immune Function and Antioxidant Capacity of Piglets
Feiran ZHANG1 , Wei DENG2 , Fengyu XIANG1, Bing HUANG1, Zhihang LI1, Xiangqi FAN1, Dayan TAN1, Xiangbing MAO1
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education,Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China
  • 2.College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    MAO Xiangbing, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-02-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.023
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本试验以7日龄断奶的仔猪为对象,探讨以小麦水解蛋白(hydrolyzed wheat gluten, HWG)替代人工乳中不同比例的乳清浓缩蛋白(whey protein concentrate, WPC)对仔猪生长性能、养分代谢、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。试验选取45头健康的7日龄“杜×长×大”阉公猪,按照体重相近的原则随机分为4个处理,即对照组(n=15)、33%HWG组(n=10)、66%HWG组(n=10)和100%HWG组(n=10),分别饲喂4种人工乳,即将不同比例的HWG分别替代对照组人工乳中的WPC,比例分别为0%、33%、66%和100%,试验期为13 d。结果表明,HWG替代人工乳中WPC会影响仔猪的生长性能、氮代谢、脂肪代谢、肾功能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力;与对照组相比,HWG替代WPC比例为66%和100%显著降低仔猪平均日采食量和平均日增重(P<0.05),显著提高了仔猪料重比和腹泻指数(P<0.05),显著减少血清肌酐(P<0.05),显著提升了血清丙二醛水平(P<0.05);此外,HWG替代WPC比例为66%时血清免疫球蛋白A和M水平也显著降低(P<0.05);替代比例为100%时,血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著升高(P<0.05)。当HWG替代WPC比例为33%仅表现为显著提高仔猪血清尿素和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(P<0.05)。综上所述,在人工乳中使用HWG替代不同比例WPC,可能不利于超早期断奶仔猪的生长性能、养分代谢、免疫功能和抗氧化功能,但当添加比例为33%时负面影响不显著。

小麦水解蛋白  /  仔猪  /  生长性能  /  代谢  /  免疫功能  /  抗氧化能力

In this experiment, the piglets weaned at 7 days of age were used, and the aim was to determine the effect which hydrolyzed wheat gluten (HWG) replacing different doses of whey protein concentrate (WPC) in artificial milks on growth performance, nutrient metabolism, immune function and antioxidant capacity of piglets. Forty-five healthy crossbred (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) piglets at 7 days of age were randomly allotted into four treatments, including control group (n=15), 33%HWG group (n=10), 66%HWG group (n=10), and 100%HWG group (n=10), which were fed the artificial milks that HWG replaced 0%, 33%, 66% and 100% WPC for 13 days, respectively. The results showed that HWG replacing WPC in artificial milks could affect growth performance, nitrogen metabolism, lipid metabolism, kidney function, immune function and antioxidant capacity in piglets. Compared with the piglets of control group, HWG replacing 66% and 100% WPC significantly reduced average daily feed intake and average daily gain (P<0.05), significantly enhanced feed to gain ratio and diarrhea index (P<0.05), significantly decreased serum creatinine (P<0.05), and significantly increased serum malondialdehyde concentrations (P<0.05) in piglets. In addition, serum immunoglobulin A and M levels were significantly reduced (P<0.05) when 66% of WPC was replaced by HWG, and serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly increased (P<0.05) when 100% of WPC was replaced by HWG. Compared with the piglets of control group, serum urea and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the piglets fed the artificial milk that HWG replaced 33% WPC (P<0.05). In summary, HWG replacing different doses of WPC in artificial milks might be not conducive to growth performance, nutrient metabolism, immune function and antioxidant capacity in the early-weaned piglets, but when HWG replacing 33% WPC in artificial milks had not significantly negative effect on piglets.

hydrolyzed wheat gluten  /  piglets  /  growth performance  /  metabolism  /  immune function  /  antioxidant capacity
张斐然, 邓为, 向丰禺, 黄冰, 李智行, 范祥奇, 谭大雁, 毛湘冰. 人工乳用小麦水解蛋白对仔猪生长性能、代谢、免疫和抗氧化的影响. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (2) : 839 -847 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.023
Feiran ZHANG, Wei DENG, Fengyu XIANG, Bing HUANG, Zhihang LI, Xiangqi FAN, Dayan TAN, Xiangbing MAO. Effects of Using Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten in Artificial Milks on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Metabolism, Immune Function and Antioxidant Capacity of Piglets[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (2) : 839 -847 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.023
随着我国生猪养殖业的发展,母猪的繁殖性能得到显著提升,但出生仔猪的体况存在明显差异,导致了部分仔猪出生后无法获得足够的营养;而且,养猪生产中,为了提高母猪的利用率,超早期断奶也成为了很多学者和企业的考虑。这些情况使得研发专门针对哺乳仔猪的饲粮成为必然,以便用于仔猪断奶前的补饲,有助于顺利度过断奶期。蛋白质是机体生长所需最重要的营养素之一[1]。目前,在仔猪人工乳的配制过程中主要使用乳源蛋白,如乳清浓缩蛋白(whey protein concentrate, WPC)等[2⁃3],但其成本高、来源不稳定。植物蛋白的来源广泛、价格低廉,且通过技术改进,植物蛋白的营养价值和消化率可相对提高,能否使用一些植物来源蛋白替代乳源蛋白,还有待于进一步研究。
小麦在世界范围内广泛种植,是人类和畜禽的重要食物来源之一。国际玉米价格波动大,使得小麦及其副产物在饲料工业的应用增加。小麦蛋白(又名小麦面筋蛋白)是生产小麦淀粉过程中的副产物,具有来源广泛、价格低廉、营养丰富、食用安全的特点,但小麦蛋白是由醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白组成,溶解度低,使得其在饲粮中的应用受到了限制[4⁃5]。小麦水解蛋白(hydrolyzed wheat gluten, HWG)是通过化学水解、蛋白酶酶解或微生物发酵等方法水解小麦蛋白获得的小分子多肽物质,有效克服了小麦蛋白的缺点,具备水溶性好、分散均匀、消化吸收性好和生物活性强等特点[5⁃7],并且其中富含的功能性物质(如谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺)能够调节诸多生理学功能,目前HWG作为添加剂已应用于食品和日用品中[7⁃8]。近些年,HWG已在多种动物(尤其是幼龄畜禽和水产)[9⁃14]的研究中得到应用,并取得了一定的效果。有研究表明,小麦水解蛋白的功能涉及到抗氧化、抑菌、调节免疫、促进肠道发育和损伤修复等[7]。因此,本试验通过分析仔猪生长性能、养分代谢、免疫功能和抗氧化能力,进一步探讨HWG应用于仔猪人工乳的配制。
基于此,本研究以7日龄断奶的仔猪为对象,在人工乳中使用HWG替代不同比例的WPC,探讨其对仔猪生长性能、养分代谢、免疫和抗氧化功能的影响。以期分析HWG是否适合替代人工乳中WPC的使用,为HWG在畜牧生产中的应用提供试验依据。
本试验所用HWG购自苏州朗邦营养科技有限公司。HWG中的粗蛋白质和氨基酸含量参考GB/T 6432—2018和GB/T 18246—2019方法测定,测得粗蛋白水平为78.59%,赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸和谷氨酸水平分别是0.95%、0.91%、1.53%、4.26%、2.14%、2.18%和23.52%。
选取45头7日龄健康的“杜×长×大”阉公猪。试验中,将所有的仔猪按照体重相近的原则随机分为4个处理,即对照组(n=15)、33%HWG组(n=10)、66%HWG组(n=10)和100%HWG组(n=10),分别饲喂HWG替代基础人工乳中0%、33%、66%和100%WPC配制而成的试验人工乳,试验期为13 d。试验第14天,对所有仔猪空腹称重后,通过前腔静脉采集血液,室温下静置30 min,2 500×g离心15 min,分离血清,存于-20 ℃待进一步分析相关指标。
试验使用的基础人工乳为乳糖、全脂奶粉、WPC、酪蛋白、椰子油粉、葡萄糖等为原料制备,其营养成分和氨基酸平衡模式按照NRC(2012)配制。试验人工乳为HWG替代基础人工乳中0%、33%、66%和100%WPC配制而成,配方和营养水平见表1。
本研究的动物试验在四川农业大学动物营养研究所教学科研基地进行,试验方案已获得四川农业大学动物管理与福利委员会的批准(SICAU-2024-625)。试验猪舍内温度控制在23 ℃~27 ℃,相对湿度控制在50%左右;人工乳溶于水(其中,人工乳∶水=1∶4,水温控制在40 ℃~50 ℃,现配现用),以奶瓶饲喂,每日喂7次(分别为06:00、09:00、12:00、15:00、18:00、21:00和24:00),自由饮水。试验期,消毒和清扫按常规程序进行,每日记录仔猪人工乳用量和腹泻情况,从而计算出干物质采食量和腹泻指数。
试验第1和14天,对所有仔猪进行空腹称重,结合每日记录的干物质采食量,计算平均日增重(average daily gain,ADG)、平均日采食量(average daily feed intake,ADFI)和料重比(feed intake/gain,F/G)。
试验期每日对所有仔猪按以下标准进行腹泻评分,即:坚硬的条形或粒状,0;软便、能成形,1;浆糊状、不成形,2;液状、粪水分离,3。用于计算腹泻指数的方法为:腹泻指数=每头猪试验期内的腹泻评分之和/试验期天数。
血清总蛋白(total protein,TP)、白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、球蛋白(globulin,GLOB)、尿酸(uric acid,UA)、尿素、肌酐(creatinine,CREA)、葡萄糖(glucose,GLU)、胆固醇(cholesterol,CHO)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(very low density lipoprotein cholesterol,VLDL-C)和C-反应蛋白(C reactive protein,CRP)含量及谷丙转氨酶(glutamic pyruvic transaminase,GPT)和谷草转氨酶(glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,GOT)活性用全自动生化分析仪(日立3100型全自动生化分析仪,Hitachi Ltd. Tokyo, Japan)进行测定。
血清中免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin, Ig)A、G和M含量的测定,采用泉州市睿信生物科技有限公司生产的ELISA试剂盒测定,具体操作按照试剂盒说明书进行。
血清中总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,采用南京建成生物工程研究所生产的试剂盒测定;血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性,采用上海碧云天生物技术股份有限公司生产的试剂盒测定。具体操作按照试剂盒说明书进行。
本试验的所有数据采用Microsoft Excel 2019进行初步整理,随后采用SPSS 28.0进行one-way ANOVA分析,差异显著时进行Duncan’s多重比较。相关数据以“平均值±标准误”表示,其中P<0.05为差异显著,P≥0.05表示无显著差异。
由表2可知,在人工乳中,使用HWG替代WPC,当替代比例较高时会显著影响7日龄断奶仔猪的生长性能和腹泻指数。与对照组相比,当HWG替代WPC比例达到66%时,仔猪ADG显著降低(P<0.05),F/G和腹泻指数显著升高(P<0.05);当替代比例达到100%时,仔猪ADG和ADFI显著降低(P<0.05),F/G和腹泻指数显著升高(P<0.05);而当替代比例为33%时,仔猪生长性能和腹泻指数无显著变化(P>0.05)。
由表3可知,在人工乳中,使用HWG替代不同比例的WPC会显著影响7日龄断奶仔猪血清中肾功能、肝代谢及氮和脂质代谢相关指标。与对照组相比,当HWG替代WPC比例达到66%和100%,仔猪血清中CREA水平显著降低(P<0.05),HDL-C和尿素水平出现不同程度的升高;而当替代比例为33%时,能够使仔猪血清CREA水平在一定程度上降低,尿素和HDL-C含量显著升高(P<0.05)。
由表4可知,在人工乳中,使用HWG替代66%的WPC会显著降低7日龄断奶仔猪血清中IgA和IgM水平(P<0.05);但替代比例为33%和100%时,仔猪血清中免疫球蛋白水平无显著影响(P>0.05)。
由表5可知,在人工乳中,使用HWG替代不同比例的WPC会显著影响7日龄断奶仔猪血清抗氧化能力。与对照组相比,HWG替代WPC比例达到66%和100%,仔猪血清中MDA水平显著升高(P<0.05),但对T-AOC和GSH-Px活性无显著影响;当替代比例为33%时,仔猪血清中T-AOC、GSH-Px活性和MDA水平均无显著变化(P>0.05)。
在畜牧生产中,已有HWG应用的相关研究。其中,在21~28日龄断奶的仔猪中,诸多研究已将HWG与不同蛋白源在饲粮中的应用进行了比较。Wang等[15]的研究表明,使用3%和5% HWG替代饲粮中相应豆粕和鱼粉会降低断奶仔猪腹泻率,提高其生长性能;原伟伟[4]的研究发现,饲粮中豆粕和大豆浓缩蛋白被3.3%和5% HWG替代可以改善断奶仔猪生长性能,降低腹泻;韩飞等[16]的研究也表明,饲料中使用2% HWG替代豆粕等,显著提高了仔猪生长性能,降低腹泻。但是,也存在一些不同的研究结果。蒋跃先[17]的研究表明,断奶仔猪饲粮中以2%和4% HWG替代相应的血浆蛋白粉未显著影响其生长性能;石秋锋等[18]的研究显示,使用3% HWG替代饲粮中血浆蛋白粉或酪蛋白会不利于断奶仔猪生长性能,但替代饲粮中大豆分离蛋白未显著影响仔猪生长性能。综合以上的研究结果可知,以HWG替代饲粮中不同的植物蛋白源对断奶仔猪会有一定的改善作用,但替代动物性蛋白源(如血浆蛋白粉、酪蛋白)则可能会给仔猪生长性能带来负面效果,且HWG的效果受到使用比例和饲粮配制过程中氨基酸平衡的影响。本试验结果显示,使用HWG替代人工乳中66%和100% WPC(乳清浓缩蛋白是优质的乳源蛋白)会显著降低7~20日龄仔猪生长性能,仅替代33% WPC对仔猪生长性能没有显著影响。
仔猪的生长性能依赖于其养分代谢和组织器官的功能。本试验通过血清生化指标分析了仔猪养分代谢和组织器官功能状况。血清CREA水平与机体肾脏健康有一定的关系,是反映肾功能的重要指标,其降低通常意味着肾的代谢负担减轻[19];尿素是蛋白质代谢的终产物,血清中尿素水平的升高可能表明机体对于氮(尤其是饲粮中氮)的利用降低,即血清尿素水平可间接反映机体对于氮的利用情况[20⁃21];HDL-C是一种运载胆固醇进入肝脏的脂蛋白颗粒,可以促进肝代谢、分解体内胆固醇[22]。本试验结果表明,HWG替代WPC可降低仔猪血清中CREA水平,提高HDL-C和尿素水平。基于此,可推测,HWG替代WPC对于仔猪肾功能有积极的调节作用,但会不利于仔猪对饲粮中氮的利用,并影响脂质代谢。
血清免疫球蛋白水平在一定程度上反映了机体的免疫功能,是维持机体健康的重要成分之一;免疫球蛋白常用的分析指标涉及到IgA、IgM和IgG[23]。机体氧化还原状态也是维持机体健康和生长的重要因素之一[24⁃25];其中,T-AOC和GSH-Px代表了抗氧化活性,MDA是机体脂质过氧化的产物,在一定程度上反映了机体的氧化状态[26⁃28]。因此,本试验还分析了血清免疫球蛋白水平和抗氧化能力的相关指标,且相关结果显示,人工乳中使用了过多的HWG(替代66%和100% WPC)会降低仔猪血清IgA和IgM水平,增加血清MDA含量,即不利于仔猪的免疫功能和氧化还原状态。前人的相关研究表明,小麦水解蛋白处理可减少过氧化氢诱导的肠道细胞氧化损伤[29],缓解呕吐毒素诱导的肠道损伤[30];且以断奶仔猪为对象的研究也表明,饲粮中HWG替代不同的蛋白源均表现出了改善断奶仔猪血清免疫球蛋白水平和抗氧化能力的作用[4,16⁃17],但这些研究中HWG替代的蛋白主要是植物来源的,且使用比例较低。
人工乳中,使用小麦水解蛋白替代较高比例(如66%、100%)的乳清浓缩蛋白会不同程度影响仔猪的生长性能、养分代谢、免疫功能和抗氧化能力,而替代33%乳清浓缩蛋白并未对相关指标产生显著的负面影响。但根据血清尿素氮的结果可以发现,即便使用小麦水解蛋白替代33%乳清浓缩蛋白依然不利于人工乳中氮的利用。基于此,小麦水解蛋白在人工乳中的使用可能还需要进一步探讨其中氨基酸的合理利用。
  • 四川省科技计划项目(2021ZDZX0011)
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2026年第57卷第2期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.023
  • 接收时间:2025-02-06
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-02-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-06
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四川省科技计划项目(2021ZDZX0011)
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    1.四川农业大学动物营养研究所 动物抗病营养教育部重点实验室 农业农村部动物抗病营养与饲料重点实验室 动物抗病营养四川省重点实验室,成都 611130
    2.四川农业大学动物科技学院,成都 611130

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毛湘冰,主要从事动物营养与饲料科学研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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