Article(id=1307013420360950071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1743955200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789545882549, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1771776000000, pubDateStr=2026-02-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789545882549, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789545882549, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789545882549, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307013104081068276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='2', pageStart='569', pageEnd='1176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771776000000', pubDateStr='2026-02-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789545807142, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609910854, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281975350419753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281975350419754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307013104081068276, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=753, endPage=768, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307013420574859576, articleId=1307013420360950071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Transcriptomics-Based Exploration of Cardiac Effects on Racing Performance in Elite Yili Horses in 5 000 m Race, columnId=1307007413870158054, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The aim of this study was to investigate the differential expression of genes in the blood of Yili horses before and after the 5 000 m race, and the correlation between cardiac parameters and the differentially expressed genes. Six elite Yili horses, which were among the top 8 horses in the 5 000 m speed race at the national level, were selected for the study. Echocardiograms were collected from the resting state of the horses before the 5 000 m speed race and the blood of the horses before and after the race by using the Myriad M6 Veterinary Portable Color Doppler Ultrasound System, which was used for transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that: 1) A total of 889 differentially expressed genes were screened, including 751 up-regulated genes and 138 down-regulated genes.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the biological processes of cellular response to stimuli and immune regulation, as well as the MAPK and Jak-STAT signaling pathways involved in cellular immune response and inflammation. 2) CCL3, CSF1, CSF3, IFNG, IL4, IL10 were screened as key genes. In the correlation between the post-competition expression of key genes and cardiac structural indexes, CCL3 was extremely significantly positively correlated with PADs (P<0.01), significantly positively correlated with LVIDd (P<0.05), and significantly negatively correlated with RWTd (P<0.05), CSF1 was extremely significantly positively correlated with PADd (P<0.01), significantly negatively correlated with RWTd (P<0.05),CSF3 was significantly negatively correlated with IVSd and EDV (P<0.05), IFNG was significantly positively correlated with PADd (P<0.05), significantly negatively correlated with IVSd, MWTd, and RWTd (P<0.05), IL10 was extremely significantly positively correlated with LVLD (P<0.01), significantly positively correlated with MVD (P<0.05), and significantly negatively correlated with EDV (P<0.05). In the correlation between the post-race expression of key genes and cardiac function indexes, CSF3 was significantly negatively correlated with SV, SI, CI, and VTI (P<0.05), IFNG was significantly negatively correlated with SI (P<0.05), and IL10 was significantly negatively correlated with CO, CI, and VTI (P<0.05). Moreover, CSF1 and IFNG post-race expression were significantly negatively correlated with the 5 000 m exercise performance of Yili horses (P<0.05). Cardiac indexes and CCL3, CSF3, IL4, IL10 regulatory mechanisms play important roles in the 5 000 m race of Yili horses, and the expression levels of CSF1 and IFNG can be used as candidate genes to assess the athletic performance of Yili horses.

, authors=Yunjiang HUANG1, Nuerguli HUANXI·1, Yangkaiwen CHI1, Jinlong HUANG1, Tongliang WANG1, Wanlu REN1, 2, Jun MENG1, 2, Xinkui YAO1, 2, Jianwen WANG1, 2, Yuting YANG1, Gaoqi HUANG1, Yaqi ZENG1, 2, authorsList=Yunjiang HUANG, Nuerguli HUANXI·, Yangkaiwen CHI, Jinlong HUANG, Tongliang WANG, Wanlu REN, Jun MENG, Xinkui YAO, Jianwen WANG, Yuting YANG, Gaoqi HUANG, Yaqi ZENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yaqi ZENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZENG Yaqi, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307013422659428685, articleId=1307013420360950071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=CN, title=基于转录组学探究精英伊犁马5 000 m竞赛中心脏对运动性能的影响, columnId=1307007414092456168, journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, columnName=遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

旨在探究伊犁马5 000 m竞赛前后血液中基因差异表达及心脏指标与差异表达基因间的关联性。本试验选用参加国家级赛事5 000 m速度赛前8名中的6匹精英伊犁马为研究对象,使用迈瑞M6兽用便携式彩色多普勒超声系统采集马匹5 000 m速度赛前静息状态下超声心动图以及竞赛前后马匹血液,用于转录组测序。结果表明,共筛选出889个差异表达基因,其中有上调基因751个、下调基因138个。GO和KEGG富集分析发现,差异表达基因主要涉及细胞对刺激应答、免疫调控等生物过程,以及参与细胞免疫反应和炎症的MAPK、Jak-STAT信号通路等。筛选出CCL3、CSF1、CSF3、IFNG、IL4、IL10为关键基因,关键基因赛后表达量与心脏结构指标的相关性中,CCL3与PADs极显著正相关(P<0.01)、与LVIDd显著正相关(P<0.05)、与RWTd显著负相关(P<0.05),CSF1与PADd极显著正相关(P<0.01)、与RWTd显著负相关(P<0.05),CSF3与IVSd、EDV显著负相关(P<0.05),IFNG与PADd显著正相关(P<0.05)、与IVSd、MWTd、RWTd显著负相关(P<0.05),IL10与LVLD极显著正相关(P<0.01)、与MVD显著正相关(P<0.05)、与EDV显著负相关(P<0.05);关键基因赛后表达量与心脏功能指标的相关性中,CSF3与SV、SI、CI、VTI呈显著负相关(P<0.05),IFNG与SI呈显著负相关(P<0.05),IL10与CO、CI、VTI呈显著负相关(P<0.05);并且CSF1、IFNG赛后表达量与伊犁马5 000 m运动性能显著负相关(P<0.05)。心脏指标与CCL3、CSF3、IL4、IL10调控机制在伊犁马5 000 m竞赛中发挥重要作用,CSF1、IFNG的表达水平可作为评估伊犁马运动性能的候选基因。

, authors=黄云江1, 努尔古丽·胡安西1, 迟杨凯文1, 黄金龙1, 王彤亮1, 任万路1, 2, 孟军1, 2, 姚新奎1, 2, 王建文1, 2, 杨玉婷1, 黄高齐1, 曾亚琦1, 2, authorsList=黄云江, 努尔古丽·胡安西, 迟杨凯文, 黄金龙, 王彤亮, 任万路, 孟军, 姚新奎, 王建文, 杨玉婷, 黄高齐, 曾亚琦, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=曾亚琦, authorNote=

黄云江和努尔古丽·胡安西为同等贡献作者

黄云江,硕士生,主要从事动物生产学研究,E-mail:

努尔古丽·胡安西,本科生,主要从事马业科学方向研究,E-mail:

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曾亚琦,主要从事马业科学方向研究,E-mail:
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黄云江,硕士生,主要从事动物生产学研究,E-mail:

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努尔古丽·胡安西,本科生,主要从事马业科学方向研究,E-mail:

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307282249653703349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, companyId=1307282249481736884, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Exercise Physiology,Urumqi 830052,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307282249666286262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, companyId=1307282249481736884, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.新疆马繁育与运动生理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307282257941648129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The volcano map (A) and clustered heat map (B) of differentially expressed genes

Red dots indicate significantly up-regulated genes, blue dots indicate significantly down-regulated genes, and gray dots indicate the differential expression of genes are not significant; horizontal coordinates indicate the change in gene expression folds in the sample; vertical coordinates indicate the significance of the change in gene expression (Figure A). The pre indicates pre-competition, post indicates post-competition (Figure B), the following pictures are the same

, figureFileSmall=opG4ADrh7BaJxdBui/YDDQ==, figureFileBig=BZa9yTJZIsUU73vDxchfBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282258017145602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=CN, label=图1, caption=差异表达基因火山图(A)和聚类热图(B)

红色点表示显著上调的基因,蓝色点表示显著下调的基因,灰色点表示差异表达不显著的基因;横坐标表示样本中基因表达倍数的变化;纵坐标表示基因表达量变化的显著性(图A)。pre表示竞赛前,post表示竞赛后(图B),下图同

, figureFileSmall=opG4ADrh7BaJxdBui/YDDQ==, figureFileBig=BZa9yTJZIsUU73vDxchfBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282258130391811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Top 10 GO terms for BP, CC and MF, figureFileSmall=HcTYEOt1OlYvW5iKhzN/hw==, figureFileBig=edC/6EJmf+WuYno/TtlgzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282258226860804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=CN, label=图2, caption=BP、CC、MF前10条GO条目, figureFileSmall=HcTYEOt1OlYvW5iKhzN/hw==, figureFileBig=edC/6EJmf+WuYno/TtlgzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282258306552581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Bubble map of GO enrichment of differentially expressed genes, figureFileSmall=k+FsiAXwPkCiWbYlxaG8TQ==, figureFileBig=v65AE0VBdsqPE8jWXUBcGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282258386244358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=CN, label=图3, caption=差异表达基因GO富集气泡图, figureFileSmall=k+FsiAXwPkCiWbYlxaG8TQ==, figureFileBig=v65AE0VBdsqPE8jWXUBcGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282258474324743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Bubble map of KEGG enrichment of differentially expressed genes, figureFileSmall=8rsgqWFfPpZrdt+dvgJ0hg==, figureFileBig=9vK81aN1nQgwFULuo5AXmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282258558210824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=CN, label=图4, caption=差异表达基因KEGG富集气泡图, figureFileSmall=8rsgqWFfPpZrdt+dvgJ0hg==, figureFileBig=9vK81aN1nQgwFULuo5AXmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282258667262729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Key genes network diagram, figureFileSmall=CSaUzuavFJurIDRSDPUZcQ==, figureFileBig=sZ5WbqcpXPGHF4ZfVfSYfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282258767926026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=CN, label=图5, caption=关键基因网络图, figureFileSmall=CSaUzuavFJurIDRSDPUZcQ==, figureFileBig=sZ5WbqcpXPGHF4ZfVfSYfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282258843423499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Trend plot for differentially expressed genes expression, figureFileSmall=Pnm4PLKPSIkzKBlMyYVuXA==, figureFileBig=7ez7a8Aam2l6y5N8ULeSXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282258939892492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=CN, label=图6, caption=差异表达基因表达趋势图, figureFileSmall=Pnm4PLKPSIkzKBlMyYVuXA==, figureFileBig=7ez7a8Aam2l6y5N8ULeSXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282259027972877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Corplot of the correlation between pre-competition expression of key genes and cardiac structural and functional indexes

The red in the figure indicates a positive correlation between key genes and cardiac structural indexes, while the blue indicates a negative correlation between key genes and cardiac structural indexes, and the color depth is determined by the P-value, the closer the P-value is to 0 the lighter the color is, and the closer the P-value is to 0.01 the darker the color is. The following figures are the same

, figureFileSmall=0S3EeJEDBoBX8Jd/eB/ynA==, figureFileBig=v5trsyKswDPGbhFypO+ADA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282259107664654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=CN, label=图7, caption=关键基因赛前表达量与心脏结构、功能指标相关性corplot图

图中红色表示关键基因与心脏结构指标呈正相关关系,蓝色表示关键基因与心脏结构指标呈负相关关系,颜色深浅由P-value决定,P-value越接近0颜色越浅,越接近0.01越深。下图同

, figureFileSmall=0S3EeJEDBoBX8Jd/eB/ynA==, figureFileBig=v5trsyKswDPGbhFypO+ADA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282259208327951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Corplot of correlation of key genes post-competition expression with cardiac structural and functional indexes, figureFileSmall=7kEGH/VF84asKOOOJzEcuw==, figureFileBig=bIShn47Eqm1hp41f2FWbGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282259288019728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=CN, label=图8, caption=关键基因赛后表达量与心脏结构、功能指标相关性corplot图, figureFileSmall=7kEGH/VF84asKOOOJzEcuw==, figureFileBig=bIShn47Eqm1hp41f2FWbGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282260957352721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Corplot of correlation between key genes and equine athletic performance, figureFileSmall=RIzIjFGgsZGNnqWQrcBiBg==, figureFileBig=ndpHLRCaYpxID9XsAv6kCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282261070598930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=CN, label=图9, caption=关键基因与马匹运动性能相关性corplot图, figureFileSmall=RIzIjFGgsZGNnqWQrcBiBg==, figureFileBig=ndpHLRCaYpxID9XsAv6kCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307282261158679315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Real-time fluorescent quantitative primers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因Gene引物序列Primer sequence产物长度/bpProduct size退火温度/℃Annealing temperature
HSPA6

AGCCCGGTTTGAGGAATTGT

CCTTGGGAATGCGGGTAGAG

14060
TMEM150C

TCATGTCCCAAGGCATCCAC

CTCGTAACGGTAATGCCGGA

11360
HSPA1B

AGGCGGAGAAGTACAAAGCC

TCCACTGCGCTCTTCATGTT

10060
CCDC117

ACTACACAGGAGAGAGCCAGA

AGCAGCTGTCTCCACACTAT

12559
LSMEM2

GCCTGAGGAGACCAGAGAAG

CACAGCGATGGTGGCAAGAT

20760
ABCA6

CTGGCCAAGGTGTGATGAGT

CCATGTCACTCAGAGCCTCC

19259
GAPDH

ACCACTTTGGCATCGTGGAG

GCCATCGCGCCACATCT

10160
), ArticleFig(id=1307282261242565396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实时荧光定量引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因Gene引物序列Primer sequence产物长度/bpProduct size退火温度/℃Annealing temperature
HSPA6

AGCCCGGTTTGAGGAATTGT

CCTTGGGAATGCGGGTAGAG

14060
TMEM150C

TCATGTCCCAAGGCATCCAC

CTCGTAACGGTAATGCCGGA

11360
HSPA1B

AGGCGGAGAAGTACAAAGCC

TCCACTGCGCTCTTCATGTT

10060
CCDC117

ACTACACAGGAGAGAGCCAGA

AGCAGCTGTCTCCACACTAT

12559
LSMEM2

GCCTGAGGAGACCAGAGAAG

CACAGCGATGGTGGCAAGAT

20760
ABCA6

CTGGCCAAGGTGTGATGAGT

CCATGTCACTCAGAGCCTCC

19259
GAPDH

ACCACTTTGGCATCGTGGAG

GCCATCGCGCCACATCT

10160
), ArticleFig(id=1307282261339034389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sequencing data quality assessment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

样本编号

Sample ID

原始数据/条

Raw reads

高质量数据/条

Clean reads

错误率/%

Error

Q30/%GC/%
post-141 817 28041 501 9520.0194.9949.05
post-239 175 09438 810 4100.0194.8450.36
post-342 153 25641 759 1120.0194.9950.36
post-447 757 55047 378 8400.0195.1250.87
post-548 628 05448 229 2320.0195.0349.63
post-641 245 03240 937 1340.0195.3650.96
pre-152 542 72052 062 0140.0194.9149.96
pre-248 850 70048 486 7660.0195.1649.38
pre-349 443 51648 991 5720.0194.9949.75
pre-437 463 19837 162 1200.0195.0649.38
pre-549 502 57649 082 3720.0195.1450.35
pre-656 655 27856 163 2580.0194.8150.05
), ArticleFig(id=1307282261435503382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

测序数据质量评估

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

样本编号

Sample ID

原始数据/条

Raw reads

高质量数据/条

Clean reads

错误率/%

Error

Q30/%GC/%
post-141 817 28041 501 9520.0194.9949.05
post-239 175 09438 810 4100.0194.8450.36
post-342 153 25641 759 1120.0194.9950.36
post-447 757 55047 378 8400.0195.1250.87
post-548 628 05448 229 2320.0195.0349.63
post-641 245 03240 937 1340.0195.3650.96
pre-152 542 72052 062 0140.0194.9149.96
pre-248 850 70048 486 7660.0195.1649.38
pre-349 443 51648 991 5720.0194.9949.75
pre-437 463 19837 162 1200.0195.0649.38
pre-549 502 57649 082 3720.0195.1450.35
pre-656 655 27856 163 2580.0194.8150.05
), ArticleFig(id=1307282261548749591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Trends in expression of key genes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因Gene差异倍数log2 (FoldChange)P值P-valueP值校正值P adj趋势Trend
CCL31.644 59.50E-092.57E-06Up
CSF11.279 16.77E-065.44E-04Up
IL41.831 32.72E-051.64E-03Up
CSF31.218 82.05E-047.47E-03Up
IFNG1.847 92.64E-034.46E-02Up
IL10-1.289 38.23E-053.81E-03Down
), ArticleFig(id=1307282261645218584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307013420360950071, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

关键基因表达量趋势表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因Gene差异倍数log2 (FoldChange)P值P-valueP值校正值P adj趋势Trend
CCL31.644 59.50E-092.57E-06Up
CSF11.279 16.77E-065.44E-04Up
IL41.831 32.72E-051.64E-03Up
CSF31.218 82.05E-047.47E-03Up
IFNG1.847 92.64E-034.46E-02Up
IL10-1.289 38.23E-053.81E-03Down
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基于转录组学探究精英伊犁马5 000 m竞赛中心脏对运动性能的影响
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黄云江 1 , 努尔古丽·胡安西 1 , 迟杨凯文 1 , 黄金龙 1 , 王彤亮 1 , 任万路 1, 2 , 孟军 1, 2 , 姚新奎 1, 2 , 王建文 1, 2 , 杨玉婷 1 , 黄高齐 1 , 曾亚琦 1, 2
畜牧兽医学报 | 遗传育种 2026,57(2): 753-768
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畜牧兽医学报 |遗传育种 2026 , 57 (2) : 753 -768
基于转录组学探究精英伊犁马5 000 m竞赛中心脏对运动性能的影响
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黄云江1 , 努尔古丽·胡安西1 , 迟杨凯文1, 黄金龙1, 王彤亮1, 任万路1, 2, 孟军1, 2, 姚新奎1, 2, 王建文1, 2, 杨玉婷1, 黄高齐1, 曾亚琦1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 2.新疆马繁育与运动生理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
通讯作者:
曾亚琦,主要从事马业科学方向研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

黄云江和努尔古丽·胡安西为同等贡献作者

黄云江,硕士生,主要从事动物生产学研究,E-mail:

努尔古丽·胡安西,本科生,主要从事马业科学方向研究,E-mail:

Transcriptomics-Based Exploration of Cardiac Effects on Racing Performance in Elite Yili Horses in 5 000 m Race
Yunjiang HUANG1 , Nuerguli HUANXI·1 , Yangkaiwen CHI1, Jinlong HUANG1, Tongliang WANG1, Wanlu REN1, 2, Jun MENG1, 2, Xinkui YAO1, 2, Jianwen WANG1, 2, Yuting YANG1, Gaoqi HUANG1, Yaqi ZENG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
  • 2.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Exercise Physiology,Urumqi 830052,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZENG Yaqi, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-02-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.016
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旨在探究伊犁马5 000 m竞赛前后血液中基因差异表达及心脏指标与差异表达基因间的关联性。本试验选用参加国家级赛事5 000 m速度赛前8名中的6匹精英伊犁马为研究对象,使用迈瑞M6兽用便携式彩色多普勒超声系统采集马匹5 000 m速度赛前静息状态下超声心动图以及竞赛前后马匹血液,用于转录组测序。结果表明,共筛选出889个差异表达基因,其中有上调基因751个、下调基因138个。GO和KEGG富集分析发现,差异表达基因主要涉及细胞对刺激应答、免疫调控等生物过程,以及参与细胞免疫反应和炎症的MAPK、Jak-STAT信号通路等。筛选出CCL3、CSF1、CSF3、IFNG、IL4、IL10为关键基因,关键基因赛后表达量与心脏结构指标的相关性中,CCL3与PADs极显著正相关(P<0.01)、与LVIDd显著正相关(P<0.05)、与RWTd显著负相关(P<0.05),CSF1与PADd极显著正相关(P<0.01)、与RWTd显著负相关(P<0.05),CSF3与IVSd、EDV显著负相关(P<0.05),IFNG与PADd显著正相关(P<0.05)、与IVSd、MWTd、RWTd显著负相关(P<0.05),IL10与LVLD极显著正相关(P<0.01)、与MVD显著正相关(P<0.05)、与EDV显著负相关(P<0.05);关键基因赛后表达量与心脏功能指标的相关性中,CSF3与SV、SI、CI、VTI呈显著负相关(P<0.05),IFNG与SI呈显著负相关(P<0.05),IL10与CO、CI、VTI呈显著负相关(P<0.05);并且CSF1、IFNG赛后表达量与伊犁马5 000 m运动性能显著负相关(P<0.05)。心脏指标与CCL3、CSF3、IL4、IL10调控机制在伊犁马5 000 m竞赛中发挥重要作用,CSF1、IFNG的表达水平可作为评估伊犁马运动性能的候选基因。

伊犁马  /  转录组测序  /  心脏结构  /  心脏功能

The aim of this study was to investigate the differential expression of genes in the blood of Yili horses before and after the 5 000 m race, and the correlation between cardiac parameters and the differentially expressed genes. Six elite Yili horses, which were among the top 8 horses in the 5 000 m speed race at the national level, were selected for the study. Echocardiograms were collected from the resting state of the horses before the 5 000 m speed race and the blood of the horses before and after the race by using the Myriad M6 Veterinary Portable Color Doppler Ultrasound System, which was used for transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that: 1) A total of 889 differentially expressed genes were screened, including 751 up-regulated genes and 138 down-regulated genes.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the biological processes of cellular response to stimuli and immune regulation, as well as the MAPK and Jak-STAT signaling pathways involved in cellular immune response and inflammation. 2) CCL3, CSF1, CSF3, IFNG, IL4, IL10 were screened as key genes. In the correlation between the post-competition expression of key genes and cardiac structural indexes, CCL3 was extremely significantly positively correlated with PADs (P<0.01), significantly positively correlated with LVIDd (P<0.05), and significantly negatively correlated with RWTd (P<0.05), CSF1 was extremely significantly positively correlated with PADd (P<0.01), significantly negatively correlated with RWTd (P<0.05),CSF3 was significantly negatively correlated with IVSd and EDV (P<0.05), IFNG was significantly positively correlated with PADd (P<0.05), significantly negatively correlated with IVSd, MWTd, and RWTd (P<0.05), IL10 was extremely significantly positively correlated with LVLD (P<0.01), significantly positively correlated with MVD (P<0.05), and significantly negatively correlated with EDV (P<0.05). In the correlation between the post-race expression of key genes and cardiac function indexes, CSF3 was significantly negatively correlated with SV, SI, CI, and VTI (P<0.05), IFNG was significantly negatively correlated with SI (P<0.05), and IL10 was significantly negatively correlated with CO, CI, and VTI (P<0.05). Moreover, CSF1 and IFNG post-race expression were significantly negatively correlated with the 5 000 m exercise performance of Yili horses (P<0.05). Cardiac indexes and CCL3, CSF3, IL4, IL10 regulatory mechanisms play important roles in the 5 000 m race of Yili horses, and the expression levels of CSF1 and IFNG can be used as candidate genes to assess the athletic performance of Yili horses.

Yili horse  /  transcriptome sequencing  /  heart structure  /  heart function
黄云江, 努尔古丽·胡安西, 迟杨凯文, 黄金龙, 王彤亮, 任万路, 孟军, 姚新奎, 王建文, 杨玉婷, 黄高齐, 曾亚琦. 基于转录组学探究精英伊犁马5 000 m竞赛中心脏对运动性能的影响. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (2) : 753 -768 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.016
Yunjiang HUANG, Nuerguli HUANXI·, Yangkaiwen CHI, Jinlong HUANG, Tongliang WANG, Wanlu REN, Jun MENG, Xinkui YAO, Jianwen WANG, Yuting YANG, Gaoqi HUANG, Yaqi ZENG. Transcriptomics-Based Exploration of Cardiac Effects on Racing Performance in Elite Yili Horses in 5 000 m Race[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (2) : 753 -768 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.016
剧烈运动是马匹生理机能的核心应激来源,能够引发多层次的分子适应性反应,其机制涉及能量代谢重塑、免疫调控及氧化应激平衡等关键生物学过程[1]。现今对伊犁马关于血液转录组的研究逐渐成熟[2⁃3],转录组学技术能为伊犁马运动应激的分子机制提供全新视角,从而在整体层面揭示基因表达模式与功能通路的动态关联[4⁃5]。尤其是RNA-Seq技术,能够精准识别与筛选运动前后关键调控基因,通过GO功能注释与KEGG通路富集解析其生物学意义,已成为非模式生物转录组研究的首选方法[6⁃9],为揭示伊犁马运动相关基因调控网络奠定了技术基础。
心脏作为运动适应的核心器官,在运动中通过增加心输出量、调节血液分布、提高氧气输送效率、促进心血管系统的适应性变化以及应对运动中的压力和负荷,确保机体能够在运动状态下正常运转。关于马匹心脏与运动的相关性研究取得了许多重要进展,如Chanda和Petchdee[10]研究了不同类型运动对马匹心脏形态的影响,发现长时高强度运动会导致左心室扩张,而短时高强度运动会导致心室壁增厚,结果表明马匹心脏形态和功能会随不同类型运动发生适应性变化。彭宣等[11]研究2岁伊犁马心脏结构与运动性能的联系中发现,伊犁马舒张末期左心室内径和左心室长轴径等心脏结构指标与运动性能正相关。在这些研究中,明确地表明了马匹心脏结构、功能与运动的关系,但马匹心脏与基因调控的联动机制尚未被充分阐明。
本试验以伊犁马为研究对象,采集5 000 m竞赛前后血液样本,通过高通量转录组测序筛选差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),并结合心脏结构与功能的多维度指标,旨在揭示伊犁马对5 000 m竞赛适应性调控的分子基础及其与心脏功能的潜在关联,为马匹运动生理学及心脏健康管理提供新视角。
试验选取2023年7月在新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州昭苏天马文化园进行的国家级赛事中获得伊犁马5 000 m前8名中的6匹精英马,其中3匹公马,3匹母马。
赛前24 h,在马匹静息状态下使用迈瑞M6兽用便携式彩色多普勒超声系统采取马匹超声心动图(2.5 MHz两次在马匹右胸第三到第四或者第四到第五个肋骨之间进行二维(2D)和M型成像,最大成像深度为30 cm,换能器的焦点被固定在5 cm处,最大扇形角为110°。所有超声心动图检查均由同一操作者进行,只有心率低于40次·min-1才会记录图像,总共测量3个不连续的心动周期,取平均值)。
在比赛前1 d静息状态以及赛后即刻使用EDTA抗凝管采集马匹颈静脉血液样本,随后按比例(1∶3)混合血液与Trizol试剂,将样品分装入5 mL冻存管中,标记并用封口膜密封,每份样品分装4管,立刻投入液氮保存,后再转入-80 ℃冰箱,用于提取试验马匹总RNA,并进行后续转录组测序。
从右胸骨旁长轴、右胸骨旁短轴、M模式右胸骨旁短轴图像中测量和计算获得关于心脏的32个指标,将其分为20个心脏结构指标:舒张末期左心室游离壁厚度(end-diastolic left ventricular free wall thickness,LVFWd)、收缩末期左心室游离壁厚度(end-systolic left ventricular free wall thickness,LVFWs)、舒张末期左心室内径(end-diastolic left ventricular diameter,LVIDd)、收缩末期左心室内径(end-systolic left ventricular diameter,LVIDs)、舒张末期室间隔厚度(end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness,IVSd)、收缩末期室间隔厚度(end-systolic interventricular septal thickness,IVSs)、舒张末期右心室内径(end-diastolic right ventricular diameter,RVDd)、收缩末期右心室内径(end-systolic right ventricular diameter,RVDs)、舒张末期左心室容量(end-diastolic left ventricular volume,EDV)、收缩末期左心室容量(end-systolic left ventricular volume,ESV)、左心室长轴径(left ventricle long axis diameter,LVLD)、二尖瓣内径(mitral valve diameter,MVD)、舒张末期左心房内径(end-diastolic left atrial diameter,LADd)、收缩末期左心房内径(end-systolic left atrial diameter,LADs)、舒张末期主动脉根部内径(end-diastolic aortic root diameter,AODd)、收缩末期主动脉根部内径(end-systolic aortic root diameter,AODs)、舒张末期肺动脉内径(end-diastolic pulmonary artery diameter,PADd)、收缩末期肺动脉内径(end-systolic pulmonary artery diameter,PADs)、舒张末期平均左心室壁厚(end-diastolic mean left ventricular wall thickness,MWTd)、舒张末期相对舒张期壁厚(end-diastolic relative left ventricular wall thickness,RWTd),12个心脏功能指标:心率(heart rate,HR)、主动脉根部内径/左心房内径(aortic root diameter/left atrial diameter,AOD/LAD)、左心室射血分数(ejection fraction,EF)、左心室射血时间(left ventricular ejection time,LVET)、每搏量(stroke volume,SV)、每搏量指数(stroke volume index,SI)、心输出量(cardiac output,CO)、心排量指数(cardiac output index,CI)、左心室短轴缩短分数(fractional shortening,FS)、左心室心肌质量(left ventricular myocardial mass,LVM)、心脏指数(velocity Time Integral,VTI)、左心室心肌质量指数(left ventricular myocardial mass index,LV MASS-I)。
使用TRIzol®试剂(magen)从血液样本中提取总RNA。采用Nanodrop ND-2000(thermo scientific,USA)检测RNA样本的A260 nm/A280 nm吸光度比,Agilent Bioanalyzer4150(Agilent Technologies,CA,USA)测定RNA的RIN值,并且只有质检合格的RNA才能用于文库的构建。
样本检测合格后,按照ABclonal mRNA-seq Lib Prep Kit(ABclonal, China)说明书制备PE文库。使用oligo(dT)磁珠从1 μg总RNA中纯化mRNA,然后在ABclonal First Strand Synthesis Reaction Buffer中进行mRNA片段化。随后,以mRNA片段作为模板,使用随机引物和逆转录酶(RNase H)合成cDNA的第一链,然后使用DNA聚合酶I、RNAseH、缓冲液和dNTPs合成cDNA的第二链。随后利用AMPureXPbeads纯化双链cDNA,纯化的双链cDNA再进行末端修复、加A尾并连接测序接头,然后用AMPureXPbeads进行片段大小选择,最后进行PCR富集得到最终的cDNA文库,并使用Agilent Bioanalyzer 4150评估文库质量。最后,使用NovaSeq 6000测序平台PE150读长进行测序。从Illumina平台生成的数据用于生物信息学分析,所有分析均由上海中科新生命生物科技有限公司完成。
fastq格式的原始数据首先通过perl脚本进行处理,去除接头序列,过滤掉低质量(低质量,碱基质量值小于等于25的碱基数占整个reads 60%以上)和N(N表示无法确定碱基信息)比例大于5%的reads,获得可用于后续分析的clean reads。
将质控后的Clean Reads值比对到已知马的参考基因组(https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Equus_caballus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_002863925.1_EquCab3.0/GCF_002863925.1_Equ Cab3.0_genomic.fna.gz)上。使用HISAT2软件将获得的Clean Reads与已知的马参考基因组进行比对,获取Reads在基因组上的定位信息。
根据测序数据与马参考基因组上位置信息的比对,统计每个基因的Reads数,分别过滤去除比对质量值低于10的Reads、未成对的Reads以及比对位置在基因组多个区域的Reads。随后利用Subread软件中的Feature Counts工具对数据进行定量分析。
对于12个样本的基因表达定量测定完成后对其表达数据进行统计学分析,使用DESeq筛选不同状态下表达水平显著差异的基因,以|log2(Fold Change)|>1且P<0.05为标准筛选差异表达基因。
对差异基因的表达值进行聚类分析,将赛前、赛后两组数据所得的差异基因进行聚类分析,表达相近的基因聚在一起。根据DEGs分析得到基因表达量后,使用Cluster Profiler软件对竞赛前、赛后伊犁马的差异基因集进行GO和KEGG富集分析。
从转录组测序结果中随机选取了6个与马匹心脏有关的DEGs进行实时荧光定量验证,选取GAPDH作为内参基因,基因引物根据Primer-BLAST设计,具体验证引物信息如表1所示。结果用2-ΔΔCt方法计算目标基因表达量,进一步评判转录组测序数据的准确性和重复性。
使用Excel 2021对测量所得的心脏结构、功能指标进行整理。以P<0.05且|log2(Fold Change)|>1作为差异表达基因的筛选标准,排除存在不表达的基因,得到可靠的差异基因,进行GO功能注释和KEGG通路注释。使用SPSS 26.0皮尔逊相关分析对心脏结构、功能指标数据与所筛选关键差异基因间的相关性进行分析,P>0.05为无显著相关,P<0.05为显著相关,P<0.01为极显著相关,*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01。
通过对12个样本提取RNA、构建文库、上机测序后,平均每个样本获得46 269 521条raw read,平均每个样本获得clean read 45 880 398条,平均有效数据占比99.15%。各样本的GC含量在49.05%~50.96%之间,Q30≥94.81%,表明测序数据的质量较高,可用于下一步的DEGs分析,结果如表2所示。
通过数据质控、基因组序列比对及基因定量后,在伊犁马血液样本中鉴别出23 581个基因,将|log2(FoldChange)|>1且P<0.05作为筛选DEGs的标准。最终,从伊犁马5 000 m竞赛前后的血液样本中鉴定出889个DEGs,相对于竞赛前组,竞赛后组中有上调基因751个、下调基因138个,如图1A所示。对DEGs进行层次聚类分析发现,伊犁马5 000 m竞赛前后对基因表达量影响差异较大,如图1B所示。
将伊犁马5 000 m竞赛前后DEGs进行GO功能注释,共有1 264个基因被注释到2 058条GO条目,其中被注释到的生物过程(BP)有1 732个条目上,细胞成分(CC)有108个条目,分子功能(MF)有218个条目,富集到这3个过程的前10个条目,如图2所示。DEGs主要涉及多细胞生物过程(multicellular organismal process)、细胞对外部刺激的响应(cellular response to external stimulus)、发育过程(developmental process)、细胞对外部刺激的响应(cellular response to extracellular stimulus)等生物过程;涉及分子功能调节因子(molecular function regulator)、信号受体结合(signaling receptor binding)、细胞因子活性(Cytokine activity)、有机羟基化合物跨膜转运活性(organic hydroxy compound transmembrane transporter activity)等分子功能(图3)。
为进一步探究5 000 m竞赛前后伊犁马血液样本中的DEGs的功能,对其进行KEGG富集分析,结果显示,DEGs共富集于196条通路中,其中显著富集的通路有30条(P<0.05),图4为显著性最高的20条通路,包括:IL-17信号传导途径(IL-17 signaling pathway)、细胞因子-细胞因子受体的相互作用(cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction)、MAPK信号通路(MAPK signaling pathway)、Jak-STAT信号通路(Jak-STAT signaling pathway)等信号通路。
筛选P<0.01且|log2(foldchange)|>1.2的差异基因,将所筛选的差异基因利用STRING数据库获得与差异基因相对应蛋白质之间的相互作用关系网络图,把结果图导入Cytoscape3.9.1,使用软件中MCODE插件(筛选参数为Degree Cutoff为2,Node Score Cutoff为0.2,K-Core为2)进一步筛选差异表达基因,并绘制基因网络图,选取得分最高的基因网络图作为关键基因,结果如图5所示。
用P值和log2(FoldChange)值((log2(FoldChange)>1表示上调,log2(FoldChange)<1表示下调)对关键基因表达趋势进行分析,CCL3、CSF1、CSF3、IFNG、IL4显著上调,IL10显著下调,如表3所示。
为验证本试验转录组测序结果的准确性,随机选取6个与伊犁马心脏指标相关的基因,分别是HSPA6、HSPA1B、LSMEM2、TMEM150C、CCDC117、ABCA6,试验所用荧光定量验证的RNA样品与RNA-seq建库测序所用的样品一致。以GAPDH为内参基因进行qRT-PCR验证。验证结果如图6所示,qRT-PCR中的6个验证基因在5 000 m竞赛前后的表达水平及变化趋势与RNA-seq测序分析所得结果的表达趋势一致,表明本研究中RNA-seq数据分析结果具有可信度,可用于下一步研究。
通过对关键基因竞赛前表达量与伊犁马心脏结构指标做相关分析,结果如图7A所示,CSF3与LVFWs显著负相关(P<0.05),IFNG与AODd显著正相关(P<0.05),IL4与MVD极显著正相关(P<0.01),与LVLD显著正相关(P<0.05),IL10与RVDs显著正相关(P<0.05)。关键基因竞赛前表达量与伊犁马心脏功能指标无显著差异(P>0.05),如图7B所示。
通过对关键基因竞赛后表达量与伊犁马心脏结构指标做相关分析,结果如图8A所示,CCL3与PADs极显著正相关(P<0.01),与LVIDd显著正相关(P<0.05),与RWTd显著负相关(P<0.05);CSF1与PADd极显著正相关(P<0.01),与RWTd显著负相关(P<0.05);CSF3与IVSd、EDV显著负相关(P<0.01);IFNG与PADd显著正相关(P<0.05),与IVS、MWTd、RWTd显著负相关(P<0.05);IL10与LVLD极显著正相关(P<0.01)、与MVD显著正相关(P<0.05)、与EDV显著负相关(P<0.05)。
通过对关键基因竞赛后表达量与伊犁马心脏功能指标做相关分析,结果如图8B所示,CSF3与SV、SI、CI、VTI显著负相关(P<0.05);IFNG与SI显著负相关(P<0.05);IL10与CO、CI、VTI显著负相关(P<0.05)。
通过对关键基因竞赛后表达量与伊犁马运动性能指标做相关分析,结果如图9所示,CSF1与马匹名次呈显著正相关(P<0.05)、与赛事绩点呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)、与奖金显著负相关(P<0.05),IFNG与赛事绩点、奖金显著负相关(P<0.05)。
在剧烈运动过程中,机体会产生复杂的适应性应答反应,其中机体对剧烈运动的反应机制主要包括:机械应力和缺血[12]、肌肉损伤和修复[13]、免疫细胞的激活[13]、氧化应激[14]、炎症反应[15]等。机体对剧烈运动所出现的适应性反应在人类中的研究较为多,在一篇系统综述中探讨了单次运动对未受训练成年人免疫和炎症指标的急性影响,结果表明,运动后血液中白细胞计数和炎症标志物(如C反应蛋白、IL-6等)水平显著升高,这反映了免疫系统的激活,帮助机体抵抗运动带来的不利影响[16]。然而,关于伊犁马机体对剧烈运动的适应性应答反应的研究缺乏。因此,本试验通过解析伊犁马5 000 m竞赛前后血液转录组学挑选关键基因,将关键基因与伊犁马心脏结构、功能指标相结合分析,探究伊犁马心脏结构、功能与关键基因对伊犁马剧烈运动诱导的生理反应,为马运动调控机制和作用机理的深入研究提供理论技术和数据支撑。
利用转录组测序技术对伊犁马5 000 m竞赛前后的血液样本进行DEGs筛选和功能富集分析,为了保证转录组测序数据的准确性,随机选取6个DEGs用于实时荧光定量PCR验证,发现实时荧光定量PCR与转录组所得基因表达的变化趋势一致,表明测序数据的准确性和可靠性较高。本研究共筛选到889个DEGs,上调基因751个、下调基因138个,其中关键上调基因有CCL3、CSF1、CSF3、IFNG、IL4,关键下调基因有IL10。GO功能注释表明,这些关键DEGs主要涉及细胞对刺激的应答反应和免疫调节等生物过程,该生物过程在运动中发挥多种关键作用,包括感知机械力、调节能量代谢、防御氧化应激、响应激素和细胞因子信号、调节线粒体功能和炎症反应,这些通路相互协调,使机体细胞能够适应-运动带来的生理应激,促进运动后的修复和适应性变化[17-20]。根据彭宣等[11]对伊犁马的研究表明,LVIDd、LVIDs、LVLD、IVSd、EDV、ESV、MWTd、RWTd、SV、SI这10个关键心脏指标会影响伊犁马的运动性能,且在伊犁马中这些心脏指标越大运动性能越好,将关键基因与马匹运动性以及心脏指标联合分析关键基因在伊犁马运动中所发挥的作用。
C基序趋化因子配体3(CCL3),也称为巨噬细胞炎症蛋白1α,是CC趋化因子家族中的一种细胞因子,主要由单核细胞、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞等免疫细胞产生,通过与其表面受体(如CCR1、CCR3和CCR5)结合发挥生物学效应,参与炎症反应和免疫细胞的趋化作用。CCL3在运动性炎症中可以通过双相调控机制协调炎症反应与组织修复。炎症启动阶段,高强度运动引起的骨骼肌微损伤激活巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞等免疫细胞分泌CCL3,其通过与CCR1/CCR5受体结合,募集更多炎症细胞(如单核细胞和M1型巨噬细胞)至损伤部位,清除坏死组织并释放IL-6、TNF-α等促炎因子形成正反馈环路,这一过程与急性支气管炎模型中CCL3同步上调IL-6和TNF-α的现象类似[21⁃22],在修复阶段,CCL3通过调控巨噬细胞极化(M1向M2表型转换)促进抗炎因子(如IL-10)分泌,并激活VEGF、MMP-9等促修复分子,加速血管新生和细胞外基质重塑;在骨修复中,CCL3通过增强巨噬细胞向缺损部位迁移,间接促进成骨细胞活化和骨重塑[23]。因此,运动中CCL3的动态变化既是炎症清除的“启动开关”,也是组织重塑的“调控枢纽”。关于机体产生炎症反应时,CCL3含量会显著上升的研究很多,在Mursalin等[24]对小鼠眼内炎症的研究中,发现小鼠的眼内炎症严重程度与CCL2、CCL3的含量成正比。Gibaldi等[25]对健康大鼠与患有心肌炎大鼠的研究中发现,在患有心肌炎大鼠的心脏组织中检测到CCL3的表达增加,CCL3的表达水平与心脏组织炎症的强度与急性相关,并且CCL3缺乏的小鼠心脏重量相对较小,左心室射血分数降低。本试验中,CCL3赛前表达量与各项心脏指标均无显著差异,而赛后CCL3表达量显著上升,与影响伊犁马运动性能的关键指标RWTd显著负相关,并且与SV、SI等心脏功能存在负相关关系,表明CCL3显著表达会对伊犁马的运动性能产生一定的负面影响,是因为CCL3作为一种炎症趋化因子,其表达水平能反映机体炎症及肌肉损伤程度。高强度运动会引起机体组织的微损伤导致局部炎症反应,在此过程中,CCL3会在炎症部位显著上调,而肌肉损伤会激活的局部免疫细胞(如巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞)也会分泌CCL3以招募更多的免疫细胞到达损伤部位,促进炎症反应和组织修复。因此,CCL3的上调可能是机体对高强度运动的一种保护性反应,但同时CCL3的上调代表机体存在炎症或肌肉损伤,导致了CCL3赛后表达量与马匹名次、比赛用时的正相关关系以及与赛事绩点、奖金的负相关关系。
巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(CSF1)和粒细胞集落刺激因子(CSF3)都属于集落刺激因子家族,不同的是CSF1基因编码的蛋白主要作用于巨噬细胞,是单核吞噬细胞存活、增殖、分化和功能的主要调节因子[26];CSF3基因编码的蛋白核心作用靶点聚焦于粒细胞,主要通过与受体CSF3R结合,激活下游信号通路促进中性粒细胞的增殖、分化和存活[27]。它们虽然作用于不同的白细胞,但是都在炎症反应中起到重要作用。
CSF1在运动性炎症中通过多维度机制动态平衡促炎与抗炎反应,其作用核心在于调控巨噬细胞表型转换及神经-免疫交互,CSF1通过调控巨噬细胞的增殖、分化与功能,在运动诱导的炎症中发挥双重作用,既参与急性期的促炎反应以清除损伤组织,又促进修复期的抗炎和组织稳态重建。在急性运动阶段,组织损伤释放的损伤相关分子模式(DAMPs)刺激单核细胞分泌CSF1,CSF1通过结合受体CSF1R激活下游信号通路(如Ras、PI3K、MAPK等),驱动巨噬细胞向促炎型M1极化,分泌IL-1β、IL-6等促炎因子以清除坏死组织碎片[28⁃29],而在恢复期,CSF1促进M2型巨噬细胞极化,分泌IL-10、TGF-β等抗炎因子,抑制过度炎症并促进组织修复和维持组织稳态[30⁃31]。此外,运动还可能诱导的机械应力或神经损伤激活感觉神经元释放CSF1,通过脊髓运输募集并激活小胶质细胞(中枢巨噬细胞)参与痛觉过敏和炎症调控[32⁃33]。本试验中,CSF1在伊犁马竞赛后表达显著上升,并且CSF1显著富集于MAPK和PI3K,表明CSF1在清除因伊犁马剧烈运动导致坏死的细胞组织方面起重要作用。此外,CSF1赛前表达量与各项心脏指标均无显著差异,而CSF1赛后表达量与伊犁马心脏指标RWTd显著负相关,与PADd显著正相关。CSF1上调幅度较小的马匹RWTd相对较大说明其马匹心脏室壁较厚,有助于增强心肌收缩功能提高心脏的泵血效率,PADd相对较小说明右心室的后负荷减小,提高心脏的耐久性和效率,运动能力更强。本研究中,CSF1与马匹名次显著正相关、与赛事绩点极显著负相关、与奖金显著负相关,表明CSF1上调对伊犁马运动性能产生负面影响,而运动性能与心脏结构较好的马匹,急性运动阶段机体组织细胞损伤可能较小,CSF1上调表达较小。
CSF3是控制骨髓祖细胞增殖和分化为中性粒细胞的主要造血细胞因子[34],能够缩短中性粒细胞从骨髓祖细胞到成熟细胞的发育时间,从而快速补充外周血中的中性粒细胞,CSF3还可以通过与特异性受体CSF3R结合激活JAK-STAT、Ras等信号通路[35],从而促进粒系细胞的增殖、分化与存活,CSF3通过调节中性粒细胞的活性,间接参与炎症反应的调控,Silva等[36]对CSF3在水牛牛乳中表达谱的研究发现,在患有乳腺炎的水牛牛乳中CSF3的表达量极显著高于健康水牛,归因于CSF3刺激中性粒细胞杀菌活性、趋化性和吞噬作用,来减少和调节促炎细胞因子的释放来促进抗炎作用[37]。CSF3还参与机体组织的修复,赵杰修等[38]对大鼠长期递增负荷跑台运动的研究中发现,大鼠运动后血清中CSF3水平显著升高,可能与运动后中性粒细胞需求增加及组织修复相关。在另一项大鼠高强度间歇运动的研究中发现,CSF3联合高强度间歇运动能够激活JAK2/STAT3信号通路,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,并且能够有效动员骨髓中的干细胞归巢至损伤心肌部位,并促进其分化为心肌细胞或血管内皮细胞,从而减少心肌损伤从而加速心肌修复[39],本试验中CSF3在赛后显著上调,CSF3显著富集于JAK-STAT,表明CSF3在伊犁马竞赛过程中起修复和抑制心肌细胞凋亡作用,CSF3竞赛后表达量与IVSd、EDV、SV、SI、CI、VTI均显著负相关,说明心脏功能和结构更优的运动马可能因运动能力更强、心肌耐受性增强、炎症调控更高效,在高强度运动后需要较少的CSF3表达来应对损伤。因此,根据CSF3的表达水平在一定程度上可以评估马匹运动性能。
IFNG基因编码干扰素-γ(IFN-γ),是一种细胞因子,IFN-γ除了调节炎症反应外,在细胞介导的免疫反应中也起着关键作用。在免疫层面,IFNG作为Ⅱ型干扰素的核心细胞因子,由激活的T细胞、NK细胞等分泌,其上调可直接增强抗原呈递能力,并激活巨噬细胞向促炎的M1表型极化,促进炎性细胞因子释放以清除损伤细胞[40],并且IFNG通过增强T细胞和NK细胞的细胞毒性活性可以加速对受损细胞的免疫监视[41]。在运动调控骨骼肌细胞凋亡的研究中分析了多项对运动与骨骼肌细胞的研究,表明运动更容易引起细胞死亡[42],在本试验中,IFNG显著富集于坏死凋亡(Necroptosis)这一通路,参与细胞坏死凋亡的过程,伊犁马5 000 m竞赛后IFNG表达显著升高,是因为伊犁马在5 000 m竞赛过程中存在细胞受损,需要基因IFNG编码的IFN-γ来清除损伤细胞,反映了IFNG在伊犁马运动后清除因机械应力或氧化损伤导致的坏死细胞中发挥关键作用以及机体对剧烈运动引发的组织微损伤和代谢压力的免疫应答强化。此外,IFN-γ还会影响心脏的再生能力,Dolejsi等[43]研究发现,IFN-γ通过促进炎症单核细胞和巨噬细胞的浸润,加剧心肌损伤后的炎症反应,从而推动心脏纤维化,IFN-γ还可能通过抑制心肌细胞的增殖,阻碍心脏的再生能力,而敲除小鼠的IFNG基因可以减少纤维化并恢复心脏的再生能力。本试验中,IFNG赛前表达量与关键心脏指标均无显著差异,而IFNG赛后表达量与影响伊犁马运动性能的关键心脏指标IVSs、MWTd、RWTd、SI显著负相关,IFNG上调加速组织坏死细胞的清理,同时抑制了心肌细胞的增殖,从而影响马匹心脏泵血功能。IFNG赛后表达量与赛事绩点、马匹获得奖金显著负相关,表明IFNG显著表达会对马匹运动性能产生负面影响,除了IFNG会影响马匹心脏泵血功能外,马匹在运动过程中细胞大量死亡,也可能对机体产生不良影响。IFNG表达水平与马匹心脏指标与运动性能的显著关系表明IFNG可以作为评估伊犁马速度赛运动性能的标志基因之一。
IL4基因编码的蛋白质是由活化的T细胞产生的多效性细胞因子,细胞因子主要由肥大细胞、T细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞分泌,在调节抗体产生、造血和炎症以及效应T细胞反应的发展中发挥作用[44]。IL4在平衡免疫反应和抑制过度炎症之间起着至关重要的作用。IL4可以通过诱导巨噬细胞向M2型极化,M2型巨噬细胞能够分泌抗炎细胞因子,抑制促炎细胞因子的产生,从而减轻炎症发挥抗炎作用[45];另外IL4在过敏性疾病等情况下也可能表现出促炎特性。有研究表明,炎症对伤口愈合至关重要,但不平衡的免疫反应会阻碍组织修复和再生[46],IL4对炎症的双向调节机制在组织再生和免疫调节之间起着至关重要的桥梁作用[47⁃48]。Allen[49]研究表明,IL4通过促进先天免疫中的抗炎途径和驱动适应性免疫中Th2介导的反应,从而有效调节组织再生和修复,从而塑造巨噬细胞、树突状细胞(DCs)和T细胞的免疫反应,IL4的表达量在伊犁马竞赛后显著上升对调节炎症平衡以及组织再生和修复有重要意义。另外,Yang等[50]研究发现嗜酸性粒细胞与IL4对心脏肥大存在作用,嗜酸性粒细胞缺陷的小鼠会诱导心脏肥大,而嗜酸性粒细胞分泌的IL4能够抑制心肌细胞的肥大和死亡,在异丙肾上腺素诱导的心肌细胞肥大模型中,IL4显著抑制心肌细胞肥大标志物的表达,在嗜酸性粒细胞缺陷小鼠中,因缺少嗜酸性粒细胞分泌IL4,导致心脏肥大加剧,表明IL4在心脏肥大中发挥着重要的保护作用。IL4赛前表达量与LVLD显著正相关,与MVD极显著正相关,IL4赛后表达量与心脏指标均无显著差异,表明IL4在伊犁马赛前机体正常情况下,维持心脏稳定,而在赛后IL4通过细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用途径与其受体IL-4R结合,调节免疫细胞活性进而调节炎症反应以及促进组织的修复和再生。
IL10基因编码的蛋白质主要由单核细胞产生,在较小程度上由淋巴细胞产生,与IL4基因编码的细胞因子同属于白细胞介素类,其在炎症与免疫方面有着相似的功能,IL10细胞因子在炎症期间维持组织的基本功能稳态,通过限制过度的炎症反应、先天免疫的上调和促进组织修复[51]。但不同的是,IL10与IFNG具有一定拮抗作用,IL10可以通过抑制抗原呈递细胞的功能,间接抑制Th1细胞的活化和IFN-γ的分泌[52],而本研究中IFNG表达量在伊犁马竞赛后显著上升,所以IL10通过降低表达量减少对IFN-γ分泌的抑制作用,从而维持机体炎症反应及免疫反应的动态平衡。王建敏等[53]研究表明,上调IL10表达水平可以改善心脏功能,因此本试验中出现IL10赛前表达量与心脏功能均无显著差异,而赛后IL10表达量下调与心脏功能指标CO、CI、VTI显著负相关这一结果。
综上所述,关键基因CCL3、CSF1、CSF3、IFNG、IL4、IL10在马匹运动过程中对调节机体产生的运动性炎症有至关重要的作用。此外,IFNG赛后表达量与评估马匹运动性能的赛事绩点、奖金呈显著负相关,其调控方向与心脏功能指标对运动性能的影响高度一致。CSF1与关键心脏指标RWTd显著负相关,还与评估马匹运动性能的名次显著正相关、赛事绩点极显著负相关、奖金显著负相关。表明IFNG、CSF1可以作为评估伊犁马速度赛运动性能的标志基因。CCL3、CSF3、IL4、IL10表达量虽与马匹运动性能指标无显著差异,但与马匹心脏指标存在显著联系,这些基因在伊犁马竞赛过程中对维持心脏稳态、调控免疫细胞浸润及促进组织修复有重要意义,因此可作为运动适应性评估的辅助指标。
本试验在伊犁马5 000 m竞赛前后血液样本中共鉴定到889个DEGs,其中筛选出CCL3、CSF1、CSF3、IFNG、IL4、IL10作为关键基因,CCL3、CSF1、CSF3、IFNG、IL4、IL10在调节机体炎症反应、组织修复等方面有重要作用。CSF1赛后表达量与关键心脏指标RWTd显著负相关、与马匹名次显著正相关、与赛事绩点极显著负相关、与奖金显著负相关,IFNG赛后表达量与关键心脏指标IVSd、MWTd、RWTd、SI显著负相关、与马匹赛事绩点、奖金显著负相关,这2个基因与心脏关键指标、马匹运动性能存在明显内在联系,此结果可为明确伊犁马运动诱导的生理反应,丰富伊犁马运动、分子遗传机制和调控机理的理论,为伊犁马运动调控机制和作用机理的深入研究提供理论技术和数据支撑。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(32202667)
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02013-1)
  • 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(ZYYD2025JD02)
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金青年科学基金(2024D01B40)
  • 新疆马繁育与运动生理重点实验室项目(XJMFY202401)
  • 2024年自治区级大学生创新项目(dx5cx2024207)
  • 新疆农业大学2024年度校级大学生创新项目(dx5cx2024222)
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2026年第57卷第2期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.02.016
  • 接收时间:2025-04-07
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-02-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-07
基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(32202667)
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02013-1)
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(ZYYD2025JD02)
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金青年科学基金(2024D01B40)
新疆马繁育与运动生理重点实验室项目(XJMFY202401)
2024年自治区级大学生创新项目(dx5cx2024207)
新疆农业大学2024年度校级大学生创新项目(dx5cx2024222)
作者信息
    1.新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.新疆马繁育与运动生理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052

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曾亚琦,主要从事马业科学方向研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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