Article(id=1307007699456118809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.043, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1740326400000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789544518579, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1769097600000, pubDateStr=2026-01-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789544518579, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789544518579, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789544518579, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307007396681900041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='568', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769097600000', pubDateStr='2026-01-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789544446392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609890784, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281890638057732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281890738721029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=486, endPage=499, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307007699741331483, articleId=1307007699456118809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Differential Expression Analysis of microRNA in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Induced by Candida krusei, columnId=1307007468660355587, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=CLINICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Non-coding small RNAs (microRNAs) can be involved in the innate immune response of bovine mammary glands and can serve as potential biomarkers for pathogen infection of host cells and bovine mastitis. However, the expression pattern of microRNAs in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) after Candida krusei infection remains unclear. This study aims to analyze the differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmicroRNAs) in MAC-T induced by Candida krusei and their functions, providing a basis for revealing the marker microRNAs of Candida krusei infection in MAC-T and for subsequent research on the regulatory mechanism of microRNAs in regulating the immune response of host cells. Utilizing RNA-Seq sequencing technology and bioinformatics methods, microRNA sequencing, DEmicroRNA analysis, and GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis were conducted on MAC-T cells after infection with Candida krusei (infection multiplicity=1). A total of 1 465 microRNAs were detected in MAC-T cells of both the normal group and the infection group. Compared with the normal group, 16 microRNAs were significantly upregulated and 7 were significantly downregulated in the infection group. TargetScan and miRanda software were used to predict the target genes of the 11 microRNAs with extremely significant differential expression, and a total of 6 739 target genes were predicted. The results of GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis indicated that the 11 microRNAs with extremely significant differential expression could regulate bovine mammary gland inflammation through immune-related signaling pathways. Further analysis revealed that the significantly downregulated bta-miR-2377 and the significantly upregulated bta-miR-2285i might participate in the MAPK, NF-κB, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways through potential target genes, thereby regulating the occurrence and development of host cell inflammation. Twenty-three DEmicroRNA are obtained in Candida krusei induced bovine mammary epithelial cells, which may regulate the occurrence and development of inflammatory response in bovine mammary epithelial cells through potential target genes, and provide a scientific basis for revealing the pathogenic mechanism of microRNA regulating Candida krusei induced bovine mastitis.

, authors=Yuhang MIAO1, 2, Tao DING1, 2, Jie XIN1, 2, Wenyan MA1, 2, Jun DU1, 2, authorsList=Yuhang MIAO, Tao DING, Jie XIN, Wenyan MA, Jun DU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jun DU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
DU Jun, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307007704044687401, articleId=1307007699456118809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=CN, title=克柔念珠菌诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞microRNA差异表达分析, columnId=1307007468815544837, journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, columnName=临床兽医, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

非编码小RNA(microRNA)可参与奶牛乳腺固有免疫应答,可作为病原菌感染宿主细胞和奶牛乳腺炎的潜在生物标志物之一,但克柔念珠菌(Candida krusei)感染奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(MAC-T)后microRNA的表达模式尚不清晰。本研究旨在分析Candida krusei诱导MAC-T中的差异表达microRNA(DEmicroRNA)及其功能,为揭示Candida krusei感染MAC-T的标志microRNA和后续研究microRNA调控宿主细胞免疫应答的调控机制提供基础。利用转录组(RNA-Seq)测序技术和生物信息学方法对克柔念珠菌感染(感染复数=1)后的MAC-T进行microRNA测序、DEmicroRNA分析及GO和KEGG功能富集分析。结果表明,在正常组和感染组MAC-T中共检测出1 465个microRNA,相比于正常组,感染组筛选出16个表达显著上调和7个表达量显著下调的microRNA。应用TargetScan和miRanda软件对11个极显著性差异表达microRNA进行靶基因预测,共预测到6 739个靶基因。GO和KEGG功能富集分析结果表明,上述11个极显著性差异表达microRNA可通过免疫相关信号通路而调节奶牛乳腺炎症,进一步分析发现,显著下调的bta-miR-2377,显著上调的bta-miR-2285i可能通过潜在靶基因参与MAPK、NF-κB、Toll样受体信号通路进而调控宿主细胞炎症的发生与发展过程。在Candida krusei诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中获得了23个DEmicroRNA,可能通过潜在靶基因调控奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎症反应的发生与发展过程,为揭示microRNA调控克柔念珠菌诱导奶牛乳腺炎的致病机制提供了科学基础。

, authors=苗宇航1, 2, 丁涛1, 2, 辛杰1, 2, 马文妍1, 2, 杜军1, 2, authorsList=苗宇航, 丁涛, 辛杰, 马文妍, 杜军, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杜军, authorNote=

苗宇航,硕士生,主要从事动物病原生物学研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杜军,主要从事动物病原生物学研究,E-mail:
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V,et al.JAK/STAT cytokine signaling at the crossroad of NK cell development and maturation[J].Front Immunol,2019,10:2590., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307286579014300367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007699456118809, awardId=2024AAC03118, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目(2024AAC03118), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307286579106575056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007699456118809, awardId=32160044, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(32160044), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307286571368084110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007699456118809, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286571376472719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007699456118809, companyId=1307286571368084110, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, 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*. P<0.05,n=3

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A. β-Actin was used as internal reference;B. U6 was used as internal reference

, figureFileSmall=ZHb3cV/6f2RojhK2yRG8sA==, figureFileBig=hl9BkSEdhHa5rvYJ1Z4K9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286578037027524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007699456118809, language=CN, label=图4, caption=microRNA的RT-qPCR结果与RNA-Seq测序结果比较

A.以β-Actin作内参;B.以U6 snRNA作内参

, figureFileSmall=ZHb3cV/6f2RojhK2yRG8sA==, figureFileBig=hl9BkSEdhHa5rvYJ1Z4K9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286578120913605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007699456118809, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=KEGG enrichment analysis of DEmicroRNA target genes, figureFileSmall=SLxe91JXN+mxldT5ywcO3g==, figureFileBig=sOPWBZ/2N+T4uOm/FfPDAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286578200605382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007699456118809, language=CN, label=图5, caption=DEmicroRNA靶基因KEGG富集分析, figureFileSmall=SLxe91JXN+mxldT5ywcO3g==, figureFileBig=sOPWBZ/2N+T4uOm/FfPDAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286578288685767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007699456118809, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

RT-qPCR primers for microRNA expression detection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

非编码小RNA

microRNA

引物序列(5′→3′)

Primer sequence

产物长度/bp

Product length

Bta-miR-2377

茎环引物 stem-loop primer: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACAGAGC

上游引物 Forward primer: GCGTGTCCACTGCACACACTA

下游引物 Reverse primer: ATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGG

50

21

20

Bta-miR-2285i

茎环引物 stem-loop primer: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACCCAAAA

上游引物 Forward primer: ACGAGAACAAAACCGGAACGAAC

下游引物 Reverse primer: ATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGG

50

23

20

Bta-miR-215

茎环引物 stem-loop primer: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACTGTCTG

上游引物 Forward primer: GCGGCCTGATGACCTATGAATTG

下游引物 Reverse primer: ATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGG

50

23

20

Bta-miR-362-5p茎环引物 stem-loop primer: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACACTCAC50
上游引物 Forward primer: GAACTGACAATCCTTGGAACCTAGG25
下游引物 Reverse primer: ATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGG20
Bta-miR-219b-3p

茎环引物 stem-loop primer: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACACTGAT

上游引物 Forward primer: AGAAGGCAGAATTGCGTTTGGAC

下游引物 Reverse primer: ATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGG

50

23

20

Bta-miR-146b

茎环引物 stem-loop primer: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACACAGCC

上游引物 Forward primer: CCACCATGTGAGAACTGAATTCCAT

下游引物 Reverse primer: ATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGG

50

25

20

Bta-miR-20b_R+3_1ss10CT

茎环引物 stem-loop primer: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACAACTAC

上游引物 Forward primer: AGCTGGACCAAAGTGCTTACAGT

下游引物 Reverse primer: ATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGG

50

23

20

Bta-miR-19b_R+2

茎环引物 stem-loop primer: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACACTCTC

上游引物 Forward primer: AACCTCCTAATCCTTGCTACCTGG

下游引物 Reverse primer: ATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGG

50

24

20

β-Actin

上游引物 Forward primer: AGATCAAGATCATCGCGCCC

下游引物 Reverse primer: CATTTGCGGTGGACGATGGA

20

20

U6 snRNA

上游引物 Forward primer: CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA

下游引物 Reverse primer: AACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT

17

20

), ArticleFig(id=1307286578359988936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007699456118809, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

用于microRNA表达量检测的RT-qPCR引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

非编码小RNA

microRNA

引物序列(5′→3′)

Primer sequence

产物长度/bp

Product length

Bta-miR-2377

茎环引物 stem-loop primer: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACAGAGC

上游引物 Forward primer: GCGTGTCCACTGCACACACTA

下游引物 Reverse primer: ATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGG

50

21

20

Bta-miR-2285i

茎环引物 stem-loop primer: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACCCAAAA

上游引物 Forward primer: ACGAGAACAAAACCGGAACGAAC

下游引物 Reverse primer: ATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGG

50

23

20

Bta-miR-215

茎环引物 stem-loop primer: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACTGTCTG

上游引物 Forward primer: GCGGCCTGATGACCTATGAATTG

下游引物 Reverse primer: ATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGG

50

23

20

Bta-miR-362-5p茎环引物 stem-loop primer: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACACTCAC50
上游引物 Forward primer: GAACTGACAATCCTTGGAACCTAGG25
下游引物 Reverse primer: ATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGG20
Bta-miR-219b-3p

茎环引物 stem-loop primer: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACACTGAT

上游引物 Forward primer: AGAAGGCAGAATTGCGTTTGGAC

下游引物 Reverse primer: ATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGG

50

23

20

Bta-miR-146b

茎环引物 stem-loop primer: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACACAGCC

上游引物 Forward primer: CCACCATGTGAGAACTGAATTCCAT

下游引物 Reverse primer: ATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGG

50

25

20

Bta-miR-20b_R+3_1ss10CT

茎环引物 stem-loop primer: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACAACTAC

上游引物 Forward primer: AGCTGGACCAAAGTGCTTACAGT

下游引物 Reverse primer: ATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGG

50

23

20

Bta-miR-19b_R+2

茎环引物 stem-loop primer: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACACTCTC

上游引物 Forward primer: AACCTCCTAATCCTTGCTACCTGG

下游引物 Reverse primer: ATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGG

50

24

20

β-Actin

上游引物 Forward primer: AGATCAAGATCATCGCGCCC

下游引物 Reverse primer: CATTTGCGGTGGACGATGGA

20

20

U6 snRNA

上游引物 Forward primer: CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA

下游引物 Reverse primer: AACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT

17

20

), ArticleFig(id=1307286578431292105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007699456118809, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Quality statistics of sequencing library

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

样品

Sample

质控后序列(/%)

Clean reads

有效序列(/%)

Valid reads

GC含量/%

GC

Q20值/%

Q20

Q30值/%

Q30

空白对照组 1

Control 1

8 550 695

(76.42)

7 853 099

(91.84)

55.2194.1888.93

空白对照组 2

Control 2

8 642 738

(86.55)

8 252 043

(95.48)

50.7497.7494.60

空白对照组3

Control 3

11 450 128

(88.86)

10 954 421

(95.67)

50.7897.8294.87

ATCC 6258感染组1

ATCC 6258 1

10 111 972

(90)

9 783 952

(96.76)

50.1397.8395.08

ATCC 6258 感染组2

ATCC 6258 2

10 710 185

(91.32)

10 278 510

(95.97)

50.3597.8294.80

ATCC 6258感染组3

ATCC 6258 3

10 926 138

(91.58)

10 545 598

(96.52)

49.9797.9795.29
), ArticleFig(id=1307286578498400970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007699456118809, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

测序文库质量统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

样品

Sample

质控后序列(/%)

Clean reads

有效序列(/%)

Valid reads

GC含量/%

GC

Q20值/%

Q20

Q30值/%

Q30

空白对照组 1

Control 1

8 550 695

(76.42)

7 853 099

(91.84)

55.2194.1888.93

空白对照组 2

Control 2

8 642 738

(86.55)

8 252 043

(95.48)

50.7497.7494.60

空白对照组3

Control 3

11 450 128

(88.86)

10 954 421

(95.67)

50.7897.8294.87

ATCC 6258感染组1

ATCC 6258 1

10 111 972

(90)

9 783 952

(96.76)

50.1397.8395.08

ATCC 6258 感染组2

ATCC 6258 2

10 710 185

(91.32)

10 278 510

(95.97)

50.3597.8294.80

ATCC 6258感染组3

ATCC 6258 3

10 926 138

(91.58)

10 545 598

(96.52)

49.9797.9795.29
), ArticleFig(id=1307286578565509835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007699456118809, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Differential expression of microRNA between blank control group and ATCC 6258 infection group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

microRNA名称

microRNA name

差异倍数

Log2FC

P值

P value

上调/下调

Up/Down

mdo-miR-196a-5p_R+22.891 907 3000.001 073 447Up
PC-3p-17914_311.948 567 4630.001 313 257Up
PC-3p-23460_182.569 135 0000.001 540 719Up
chi-miR-191-3p-0.807 459 3480.003 157 484Down
bta-miR-2377-0.723 000 0000.005 163 673Down
oan-miR-16b-5p_L+12.369 133 160.006 208 570Up
bta-miR-2285i0.356 148 4510.009 318 871Up
PC-5p-8555_99-1.033 720 8310.010 246 079Down
PC-3p-20561_24-2.301 896 4700.010 361 880Down
chi-miR-18a-3p_R+1-0.403 969 4920.010 398 300Down
pal-miR-9993a-3p-0.330 814 0890.010 453 945Down
bta-miR-20b_R+3_1ss10CT0.719 604 5090.020 103 455Up
bta-miR-2152.408 603 8050.030 145 620Up
mmu-miR-378d_R+2_1ss6CA1.752 421 8160.035 169 227Up
bta-miR-362-5p0.584 875 0600.038 184 233Up
eca-miR-1839_L-1R+32.094 428 9400.042 436 847Up
PC-3p-13080_52-0.486 472 7830.049 297 031Down
PC-3p-19898_252.022 363 0470.050 328 524Up
bta-miR-500_R+20.370 279 4910.050 354 398Up
bta-miR-219b-3p1.410 831 3120.050 380 862Up
lca-miR-19b_R+21.588 370 2850.050 393 992Up
bta-miR-146b0.729 240 4790.050 461 322Up
PC-3p-17661_321.303 327 5190.050 485 736Up
), ArticleFig(id=1307286578666173132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007699456118809, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=

空白对照组与ATCC 6258感染组差异性表达microRNA

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

microRNA名称

microRNA name

差异倍数

Log2FC

P值

P value

上调/下调

Up/Down

mdo-miR-196a-5p_R+22.891 907 3000.001 073 447Up
PC-3p-17914_311.948 567 4630.001 313 257Up
PC-3p-23460_182.569 135 0000.001 540 719Up
chi-miR-191-3p-0.807 459 3480.003 157 484Down
bta-miR-2377-0.723 000 0000.005 163 673Down
oan-miR-16b-5p_L+12.369 133 160.006 208 570Up
bta-miR-2285i0.356 148 4510.009 318 871Up
PC-5p-8555_99-1.033 720 8310.010 246 079Down
PC-3p-20561_24-2.301 896 4700.010 361 880Down
chi-miR-18a-3p_R+1-0.403 969 4920.010 398 300Down
pal-miR-9993a-3p-0.330 814 0890.010 453 945Down
bta-miR-20b_R+3_1ss10CT0.719 604 5090.020 103 455Up
bta-miR-2152.408 603 8050.030 145 620Up
mmu-miR-378d_R+2_1ss6CA1.752 421 8160.035 169 227Up
bta-miR-362-5p0.584 875 0600.038 184 233Up
eca-miR-1839_L-1R+32.094 428 9400.042 436 847Up
PC-3p-13080_52-0.486 472 7830.049 297 031Down
PC-3p-19898_252.022 363 0470.050 328 524Up
bta-miR-500_R+20.370 279 4910.050 354 398Up
bta-miR-219b-3p1.410 831 3120.050 380 862Up
lca-miR-19b_R+21.588 370 2850.050 393 992Up
bta-miR-146b0.729 240 4790.050 461 322Up
PC-3p-17661_321.303 327 5190.050 485 736Up
), ArticleFig(id=1307286578750059213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007699456118809, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

GO functional annotation of differentially expressed microRNA

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

功能组

Functionalgroup

分类

Class

GO编号

GO ID

显著基因数

Significantgenes

总基因数

Annotated genes

生物学过程

Biologicalprocess

蛋白磷酸化 Protein phosphorylationGO:00064681723 590

RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录正调控

Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

GO:00459442233 590

细胞增殖负调控

Negative regulation of cell population proliferation

GO:0008285783 590
子宫胚胎发育 In utero embryonic developmentGO:0001701623 590
囊泡运输 Vesicle-mediated transportGO:0016192483 590

转化生长因子β受体信号通路

Transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

GO:0007179283 590

RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录负调控

Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

GO:00001221503 590
中心体定位 Centrosome localizationGO:0051642113 590

磷脂酰肌醇去磷酸化

Phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation

GO:0046856143 590
转录正调控 Positive regulation of transcriptionGO:00458931233 590
凋亡正调控 Positive regulation of apoptotic processGO:0043065583 590
血生成 HemopoiesisGO:0030097223 590
细胞生长的负调控 Negative regulation of cell growthGO:0030308313 590
BMP信号通路 BMP signaling pathwayGO:0030509263 590
蛋白质转运 Protein transportGO:0015031453 590

细胞组分

Cellularcomponent

细胞溶质 CytosolGO:00058296573 590
核质 NucleoplasmGO:00056546243 590
细胞质 CytoplasmGO:00057377003 590
细胞核 NucleusGO:00056347253 590
质膜 Plasma membraneGO:00058865053 590
内质网 Endoplasmic reticulumGO:00057832003 590
高尔基体 Golgi apparatusGO:00057941873 590

胞内膜结合细胞器

Intracellular membrane-bounded organelle

GO:00432311773 590
内质网膜 Endoplasmic reticulum membraneGO:0005789933 590
膜 MembraneGO:00160204813 590

分子功能

Molecularfunction

相同蛋白结合 Identical protein bindingGO:00428023023 590
蛋白结合 Protein bindingGO:00055156393 590
蛋白激酶活性 Protein kinase activityGO:00046721423 590
蛋白激酶结合 Protein kinase bindingGO:0019901983 590
泛素蛋白连接酶结合 Ubiquitin protein ligase bindingGO:0031625733 590
ATP结合 ATP bindingGO:00055242643 590
序列特异性DNA结合 Sequence-specific DNA bindingGO:00435651023 590
), ArticleFig(id=1307286578842333902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007699456118809, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=

差异表达microRNA的GO功能注释

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

功能组

Functionalgroup

分类

Class

GO编号

GO ID

显著基因数

Significantgenes

总基因数

Annotated genes

生物学过程

Biologicalprocess

蛋白磷酸化 Protein phosphorylationGO:00064681723 590

RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录正调控

Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

GO:00459442233 590

细胞增殖负调控

Negative regulation of cell population proliferation

GO:0008285783 590
子宫胚胎发育 In utero embryonic developmentGO:0001701623 590
囊泡运输 Vesicle-mediated transportGO:0016192483 590

转化生长因子β受体信号通路

Transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

GO:0007179283 590

RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录负调控

Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

GO:00001221503 590
中心体定位 Centrosome localizationGO:0051642113 590

磷脂酰肌醇去磷酸化

Phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation

GO:0046856143 590
转录正调控 Positive regulation of transcriptionGO:00458931233 590
凋亡正调控 Positive regulation of apoptotic processGO:0043065583 590
血生成 HemopoiesisGO:0030097223 590
细胞生长的负调控 Negative regulation of cell growthGO:0030308313 590
BMP信号通路 BMP signaling pathwayGO:0030509263 590
蛋白质转运 Protein transportGO:0015031453 590

细胞组分

Cellularcomponent

细胞溶质 CytosolGO:00058296573 590
核质 NucleoplasmGO:00056546243 590
细胞质 CytoplasmGO:00057377003 590
细胞核 NucleusGO:00056347253 590
质膜 Plasma membraneGO:00058865053 590
内质网 Endoplasmic reticulumGO:00057832003 590
高尔基体 Golgi apparatusGO:00057941873 590

胞内膜结合细胞器

Intracellular membrane-bounded organelle

GO:00432311773 590
内质网膜 Endoplasmic reticulum membraneGO:0005789933 590
膜 MembraneGO:00160204813 590

分子功能

Molecularfunction

相同蛋白结合 Identical protein bindingGO:00428023023 590
蛋白结合 Protein bindingGO:00055156393 590
蛋白激酶活性 Protein kinase activityGO:00046721423 590
蛋白激酶结合 Protein kinase bindingGO:0019901983 590
泛素蛋白连接酶结合 Ubiquitin protein ligase bindingGO:0031625733 590
ATP结合 ATP bindingGO:00055242643 590
序列特异性DNA结合 Sequence-specific DNA bindingGO:00435651023 590
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克柔念珠菌诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞microRNA差异表达分析
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苗宇航 1, 2 , 丁涛 1, 2 , 辛杰 1, 2 , 马文妍 1, 2 , 杜军 1, 2
畜牧兽医学报 | 临床兽医 2026,57(1): 486-499
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畜牧兽医学报 |临床兽医 2026 , 57 (1) : 486 -499
克柔念珠菌诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞microRNA差异表达分析
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苗宇航1, 2 , 丁涛1, 2, 辛杰1, 2, 马文妍1, 2, 杜军1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.宁夏大学生命科学学院,银川 750021
  • 2.西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,银川 750021
通讯作者:
杜军,主要从事动物病原生物学研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

苗宇航,硕士生,主要从事动物病原生物学研究,E-mail:

Differential Expression Analysis of microRNA in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Induced by Candida krusei
Yuhang MIAO1, 2 , Tao DING1, 2, Jie XIN1, 2, Wenyan MA1, 2, Jun DU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Life Sciences,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources with Western Characteristics,Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    DU Jun, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.043
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非编码小RNA(microRNA)可参与奶牛乳腺固有免疫应答,可作为病原菌感染宿主细胞和奶牛乳腺炎的潜在生物标志物之一,但克柔念珠菌(Candida krusei)感染奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(MAC-T)后microRNA的表达模式尚不清晰。本研究旨在分析Candida krusei诱导MAC-T中的差异表达microRNA(DEmicroRNA)及其功能,为揭示Candida krusei感染MAC-T的标志microRNA和后续研究microRNA调控宿主细胞免疫应答的调控机制提供基础。利用转录组(RNA-Seq)测序技术和生物信息学方法对克柔念珠菌感染(感染复数=1)后的MAC-T进行microRNA测序、DEmicroRNA分析及GO和KEGG功能富集分析。结果表明,在正常组和感染组MAC-T中共检测出1 465个microRNA,相比于正常组,感染组筛选出16个表达显著上调和7个表达量显著下调的microRNA。应用TargetScan和miRanda软件对11个极显著性差异表达microRNA进行靶基因预测,共预测到6 739个靶基因。GO和KEGG功能富集分析结果表明,上述11个极显著性差异表达microRNA可通过免疫相关信号通路而调节奶牛乳腺炎症,进一步分析发现,显著下调的bta-miR-2377,显著上调的bta-miR-2285i可能通过潜在靶基因参与MAPK、NF-κB、Toll样受体信号通路进而调控宿主细胞炎症的发生与发展过程。在Candida krusei诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中获得了23个DEmicroRNA,可能通过潜在靶基因调控奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎症反应的发生与发展过程,为揭示microRNA调控克柔念珠菌诱导奶牛乳腺炎的致病机制提供了科学基础。

克柔念珠菌  /  奶牛乳腺上皮细胞  /  microRNA  /  生物信息学分析  /  差异表达microRNA

Non-coding small RNAs (microRNAs) can be involved in the innate immune response of bovine mammary glands and can serve as potential biomarkers for pathogen infection of host cells and bovine mastitis. However, the expression pattern of microRNAs in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) after Candida krusei infection remains unclear. This study aims to analyze the differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmicroRNAs) in MAC-T induced by Candida krusei and their functions, providing a basis for revealing the marker microRNAs of Candida krusei infection in MAC-T and for subsequent research on the regulatory mechanism of microRNAs in regulating the immune response of host cells. Utilizing RNA-Seq sequencing technology and bioinformatics methods, microRNA sequencing, DEmicroRNA analysis, and GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis were conducted on MAC-T cells after infection with Candida krusei (infection multiplicity=1). A total of 1 465 microRNAs were detected in MAC-T cells of both the normal group and the infection group. Compared with the normal group, 16 microRNAs were significantly upregulated and 7 were significantly downregulated in the infection group. TargetScan and miRanda software were used to predict the target genes of the 11 microRNAs with extremely significant differential expression, and a total of 6 739 target genes were predicted. The results of GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis indicated that the 11 microRNAs with extremely significant differential expression could regulate bovine mammary gland inflammation through immune-related signaling pathways. Further analysis revealed that the significantly downregulated bta-miR-2377 and the significantly upregulated bta-miR-2285i might participate in the MAPK, NF-κB, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways through potential target genes, thereby regulating the occurrence and development of host cell inflammation. Twenty-three DEmicroRNA are obtained in Candida krusei induced bovine mammary epithelial cells, which may regulate the occurrence and development of inflammatory response in bovine mammary epithelial cells through potential target genes, and provide a scientific basis for revealing the pathogenic mechanism of microRNA regulating Candida krusei induced bovine mastitis.

Candida krusei  /  bovine mammary epithelial cells  /  microRNA  /  bioinformatics analysis  /  differentially expressed microRNAs
苗宇航, 丁涛, 辛杰, 马文妍, 杜军. 克柔念珠菌诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞microRNA差异表达分析. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (1) : 486 -499 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.043
Yuhang MIAO, Tao DING, Jie XIN, Wenyan MA, Jun DU. Differential Expression Analysis of microRNA in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Induced by Candida krusei[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (1) : 486 -499 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.043
奶牛乳腺炎是奶牛养殖业中常见疾病之一,严重影响奶牛生产性能。引起奶牛乳腺炎的因素复杂多样,包括饲养环境、病原微生物感染和遗传等因素,其中病原菌是主要的致病原因[1],包括细菌、真菌,真菌中克柔念珠菌是引起奶牛真菌性乳腺炎的主要致病菌之一,其可以通过菌丝相、酵母相以及毒力因子14-3-3蛋白诱导MAC-T发生炎症反应,激活MAPK、NF-κB、Toll样受体信号通路[2⁃3]。大量研究发现奶牛乳腺炎的发生和发展过程受多基因表达调控[4⁃5]、信号转导和网络调节的影响。近年来,研究发现microRNA在建康奶牛和患乳腺炎奶牛之间会出现差异性表达,这表明microRNA可以作为新的调控因素参与奶牛乳腺炎的调控过程[6]。
microRNA是一类重要的非编码小RNA,是基因表达过程中进化保守的转录后调控因子,在高等真核生物中普遍表达[7]。microRNA长约22个核苷酸,主要机制是成熟的microRNA与RNA诱导沉默复合体(RISC)结合,AGO蛋白引导RISC通过剪切、转录抑制或脱腺苷化等方法对靶基因mRNA进行沉默,介导靶基因mRNA降解或翻译抑制,在基因调控过程中发挥重要作用[6]。近期研究发现microRNA的调控已成为哺乳动物免疫系统中重要的调控方法[8],Ryan等[9]研究发现,免疫细胞中可表达100多个microRNA,其通过调节细胞信号转导通路中关键蛋白的表达水平来控制先天性和适应性免疫应答。此外,microRNA还可以作为诊断生物标志物在奶牛乳房炎的早期诊断方面发挥重要作用[10⁃11],学者们已经筛选了大量与奶牛乳腺炎相关的差异表达microRNA,不同致病菌感染的乳腺炎奶牛组织、细胞或体液样本中的microRNA有着不同的表达模式,在乳腺炎调节过程中发挥不同的作用[12⁃16],如Luoreng等[14]在E. coil和S. aureus诱导的牛乳腺组织中分别鉴定出279个和305个差异表达microRNA,其中外周血中miR-1301、miR-2284r可作为血液标志物用于诊断S.aureus诱导的奶牛乳腺炎。Bagnicka等[17]在Coagulase-positive和Coagulase-negative诱导的牛乳腺组织中分别鉴定出32个和12个差异表达microRNA,进一步分析发现miR-99和miR-182在表观遗传调控中发挥重要作用,可以作为Coagulase-positive和Coagulase-negative诱导奶牛乳腺炎的潜在的分子标志物。Pu等[18]在S.agalactiae诱导的牛乳腺组织中鉴定出35个与奶牛乳腺炎相关的DEmicroRNA。Ma等[19]在S.aureus诱导的牛乳汁中鉴定出37个与奶牛乳腺炎相关的DEmicroRNA,对bta-miR-378和bta-miR-185进行功能验证分析发现两者均富集于炎症相关基因,揭示可作为潜在生物标志物。以上研究所获得的DEmicroRNA功能富集结果显示,不论是哪一类型的乳腺炎或样本类型,DEmicroRNA均不同程度地参与了Toll样受体信号通路、NF-κB信号通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)信号通路、趋化因子信号转导等多个免疫学相关的信号通路,可见DEmicroRNA在调节奶牛乳腺炎的发生发展具有重要作用,而目前对于克柔念珠菌感染奶牛乳腺细胞和组织的DEmicroRNA尚未明晰。基于此,本研究利用高通量测序技术对Candida krusei诱导发生炎症反应的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞进行了microRNA测序、DEmicroRNA的筛选及功能注释,阐明克柔念珠菌诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞发生炎症反应的microRNA表达模式和潜在生物标志物,以期为今后进一步探究microRNA在克柔念珠菌感染奶牛乳腺细胞和组织中的调控机制奠定基础。
奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(MAC-T)为本实验室早期鉴定及冻存、克柔念珠菌(Candia krusei)ATCC 6258购自美国ATCC菌种保藏中心。
DMEM-High Glucose培养液、胎牛血清(FBS)、胰蛋白酶ED-TA(2.5 g·L-1胰蛋白酶,0.2 g·L-1 EDTA,酚红)均购自以色列BI公司;YPD液体培养基、改良沙堡弱琼脂糖培养基均购自青岛海博生物有限公司;TruSeq Small RNA Sample Prep Kits(Illumina, San Diego, USA);qPCR试剂盒、逆转录试剂盒购自南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司; ELISA试剂盒购自武汉默沙克生物有限公司。
将低温冻存的克柔念珠菌ATCC 6258用YPD液体培养基重新悬浮于50 mL的无菌锥形瓶中37 ℃ 120 r·min-1 摇床过夜培养。将菌悬液划线接种于改良沙堡弱琼脂糖培养基,37 ℃继续培养获得单菌落,挑取单菌落接种至YPD液体培养基中,37 ℃ 120 r·min-1摇床过夜培养获得菌悬液,计数备用。
将冻存的MAC-T置于37 ℃无菌水浴锅轻轻晃动使其融化。待细胞完全融化后置于10 mL离心管内离心(1 000 r·min-1,5 min),弃上清,用1 mL完全培养基重悬后接种于细胞培养皿中,放入37 ℃,5% CO2培养箱内培养。待细胞生长至90%后,进行传代,将传代后的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞用2 mL胰酶消化,1 000 r·min-1离心5 min,收集细胞沉淀,用不含双抗的完全培养基重悬,用细胞计数仪计数。按7×106 cell·皿-1接种于10 cm细胞培养皿中,过夜培养后,将细胞分为正常MAC-T组、ATCC 6258感染组(MOI=1),37 ℃,5% CO2培养箱内继续培养4 h。每组设置3个生物学重复。
收集各处理组细胞上清液,3 000 r·min-1离心10 min,取上清为待测样本,根据ELISA检测试剂盒说明书操作步骤进行检测,依据标准曲线计算各处理组中IL-1β、IL-18、TNF-α、IL-4的相对表达量。
使用TRIzolTM法提取正常MAC-T组、ATCC 6258感染组 MAC-T的总RNA(Total RNA),将两组样本进行RNA混池,分别使用Nanodrop仪测定Total RNA的纯度及浓度、Agilent 2100生物分析仪检测RIN值(RNA integrity number)评估Total RNA的完整性,琼脂糖核酸凝胶电泳验证Total RNA是否被基因组DNA污染。确定RNA质量合格以后,利用Oligo(dT)磁珠富集mRNA;以此为模板,利用TruSeq Small RNA Sample Prep Kits(Illumina,San Diego,USA)试剂盒进行逆转录合成cDNA,进行末端修复、加A并连接测序接头后通过PCR富集cDNA文库。库检合格后在Illumina HiSeq 2000高通量测序平台进行测序。
将测序得到的原始数据(Raw Reads)去除3’接头序列、质量较低序列后获得高质量数据(Clean Reads)。利用ACGT101-miR(V4.2)软件对microRNA进行分析鉴定,筛选18~26 nt序列,对筛选后的数据通过与多个数据进行比对、过滤,得到有效数据(Valid Reads),进一步将有效数据与miRBase 21.0数据库进行前体及基因组比对,将有效数据分为已知microRNA和新的microRNA。以两组校正后的P<0.05为筛选条件,获得差异表达的microRNA并进行聚类分析。
为验证测序结果及DEmicroRNA的可靠性,随机选取8个DEmicroRNA(包括7个表达上调和1个表达量下调的microRNA),使用PrimeScriptTM RTReagent Kit with gDNA Eraser 逆转录试剂盒分别进行8个DEmicroRNA的cDNA合成。以正常MAC-T组和ATCC 6258感染组的cDNA为模板进行RT-qPCR试验,每个样本重复三次。RT-qPCR反应体系:2×ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix:10 μL,上、下游引物各0.4 μL(引物信息见表1),cDNA模板 1 μL,加无菌无酶的ddH2O至20 μL。RT-qPCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性30 s;然后95 ℃ 10 s,60 ℃ 30 s,40个循环;95 ℃ 15 s,60 ℃ 60 s。用2-ΔΔCt方法,以β-Actin和U6 snRNA为双内参基因计算microRNA的相对表达量,后取基因表达量的log2对数值,表明基因表达量的变化倍数。
采用TargetScan(v5.0)、miRanda(v3.3a)两款软件对极显著性差异表达的microRNA分别进行靶基因预测,其中TargetScan算法中去除context score percentile小于50的靶基因,miRanda算法中去除最大自由能(Max Energy)大于-10的靶基因,最后取此两款软件的交集作为差异表达microRNA的最终靶基因(即筛选靶基因阈值为TargetScan_score≥50 &miranda_Energy<-10)。
利用Gene Ontology数据库(https://www.geneontology.org/)和KEGG数据库(https://www.genome.jp/kegg/)对靶基因GO和KEGG通路进行富集分析。
ELISA、RT-qPCR试验结果采用GraphPad Prism 9.4.1统计软件进行数据分析,计量数据以“x¯±s”表示,两组间比较采用LSD-t检验。microRNA测序结果采用ACGT101-miR(V4.2)分析软件进行分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
采用ELISA检测试剂盒检测正常MAC-T组、ATCC 6258感染组中细胞炎性因子表达水平,结果如图1所示,与正常MAC-T组相比,ATCC 6258感染组中IL-18、IL-1β、TNF-α的表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),IL-4表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。表明Candida Krusei诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞发生炎症反应。
在Illumina HiSeq 2000高通量测序平台上对正常MAC-T组和ATCC 6258感染组共同构建的6个cDNA文库分别进行测序。对原始数据进行质量控制后,每个样本平均获得10 065 309个Clean Reads,两组microRNA的GC含量均大于49.97%,Q20均大于94.18%,Q30 均大于88.93%,与mRNA、RFam(包含rRNA、tRNA、snRNA、snoRNA等)以及Repbase数据库进行比对过滤,最终获得9 611 271个Valid Reads(表2)。以上各项数据表明测序数据可靠,可用于后续的microRNA分类注释和表达量分析。
使用ACGT101-miR软件进行microRNA的鉴定以及表达量的统计,评估组内及组间样品microRNA表达特征的相关性及差异表达的microRNA。通过与哺乳动物成熟microRNA序列(microRNA数据库)、microRNA前体、牛基因组序列的比对分析。共鉴定出1 330条microRNA,分为known microRNA(本物种gp1a)、conservative microRNA(近源物种gp1b、2a、2b、3a)、novel microRNA(gp4)。对鉴定到的microRNA进行长度统计,microRNA的长度集中分布于18~26 nt,其中长度为22 nt的microRNA所占比例最大,占43%(图2)。
差异表达分析结果显示,与正常MAC-T组相比,ATCC 6258感染组中有23个DEmicroRNA,其中16个microRNA的表达量显著上调,7个microRNA的表达量显著下调(表3、图3)。其中bta-miR-2377表达量显著下调,差异倍数为0.61;bta-miR-2285i、bta-miR-20b_R+3_1ss10CT、bta-miR-215、bta-miR-362-5p、bta-miR-500_R+2、bta-miR-219b-3p、bta-miR-146b表达量显著上调,差异倍数分别为1.65、5.31、1.5、1.29、2.66、1.66。
对随机选取的8个DEmicroRNA进行RT-qPCR基因表达量验证,结果表明,RT-qPCR的检测结果与 RNA-Seq测序数据分析得到的基因表达量变化趋势是一致的(图4),说明本研究中的 RNA-Seq测序及其差异表达分析结果是可靠的。
在23个差异microRNA中,对11个极显著性差异microRNA(见表4)进行靶基因预测,共发现6 739个潜在靶基因。GO注释表明,microRNA潜在的靶基因共富集到9 095个GO条目,包含细胞过程、生物调节、转录调控、细胞迁移以及炎症有关的免疫系统等6 231个生物学过程,蛋白质同源二聚化活性、跨膜受体蛋白质丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶活性、转录共激活因子活性等1 846个分子功能和1 021个细胞组分。潜在靶基因的KEGG富集分析,结果发现,DEmicroRNA的潜在靶基因可能涉及109条信号通路,其中最显著富集的通路为代谢相关途径(metabolic pathways),同时也富集到了与炎症有关的NF-κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)信号通路、MAPK(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路、p53信号通路、PI3K-AKT信号通路及mTOR(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)信号通路和Toll样受体(toll-like receptor,TLR)信号通路、Janus酪氨酸蛋白激酶(janus tyrosine protein kinase,JAK)-信号转导及转录激活因子(signal transduction and transcrip-tion activating factor,STAT)信号通路等(图5)。通过深入分析,发现表达上调的bta-miR-2285i的靶基因MAPK8富集在MAPK信号通路上,表达下调的bta-miR-2377的靶基因IRF5/MAP2K3/TLR4富集在Toll样受体信号通路上,STAT5A/5B富集在JAK-STAT信号通路上。上述结果表明,这些DEmicroRNA通过对应的信号通路参与调节了ATCC 6258诱导的奶牛乳腺炎过程。
奶牛乳腺炎是奶牛养殖过程中发病率较高且最为常见的疾病之一,受养殖环境、管理水平等多重影响,克柔念珠菌是引起宁夏银川地区真菌性奶牛乳腺炎的主要致病真菌之一,能够促使奶牛乳腺上皮细胞分泌多种细胞炎性因子如IL-18、IL-1β和TNF-α,启动细胞炎症反应以及免疫调控作用[3]。乳腺上皮细胞是乳腺组织识别病原体微生物入侵的第一道防线,是奶牛乳腺免疫系统的重要组成部分,常被用作体外奶牛乳腺炎的研究模型。近年来,大量研究发现,非编码RNA(ncRNA)在奶牛乳腺炎的发生发展过程中具有重要作用[20⁃22],其中microRNA主要是通过其种子序列(2—8位核苷酸)与炎症相关靶基因mRNA的3′非翻译区(3′UTR)完全或不完全互补,转录调控炎症相关靶基因的表达及翻译,在奶牛乳腺炎中发挥重要作用,为探讨microRNA在Candida krusei诱导MAC-T炎症反应中的表达模式,本研究通过建立Candida krusei诱导MAC-T炎症模型,利用转录组测序和生物信息学分析筛选出23个差异表达DEmicroRNA,提示这些DEmicroRNA可能参与了克柔念珠菌诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎症反应的发生与发展过程。潘晓乐[23]在S.aureus诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中鉴定出174个DEmicroRNA,并且推测miR-29b的靶基因主要富集于趋化因子(TGF)信号通路、白介素17信号通路参与奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎症反应的发生过程。Wang等[15]在S.aureus诱导奶牛乳腺组织中鉴定出27个DEmicroRNA,并且GO和KEGG富集分析发现潜在靶基因参与RAS信号通路、MAPK信号通路、PI3K-AKT/mTOR信号通路参与奶牛乳腺组织的炎症反应。此外,在不同病原菌处理的奶牛乳腺组织、乳汁以及血液中也检测到参与奶牛乳腺炎免疫调控的DEmicroRNA。上述研究与本研究检测到的DEmicroRNA的种类以及表达水平不一致,提示不同病原菌、组织、细胞状态中microRNA的表达模式不同,表明microRNA在奶牛乳腺炎中的作用机制非常复杂。因此,为进一步解析microRNA对克柔念珠菌性奶牛乳腺炎的免疫调控网络,本研究对Candida krusei诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞进行microRNA差异表达分析,结果发现DEmicroRNA可能通过调控靶基因介导炎症相关信号通路来调节Candida krusei诱导的MAC-T炎症反应。
GO和KEGG富集分析是DEmicroRNA功能分析的主要方法,本研究通过GO富集分析发现11个极显著差异microRNA可能参与炎症相关免疫调节、细胞迁移、转录调控、蛋白激酶活性、转录共激活因子活性的过程,KEGG功能富集分析发现DEmicroRNA对应的靶基因可能涉及NF-κB、MAPK、JAK-STAT、TLR、p53、PI3K-AKT/mTOR等信号通路的调控,进而参与奶牛乳腺炎症反应的调控。现已有研究表明,上述5个信号通路在人与动物免疫应答及炎症反应过程中具有重要调控作用[24⁃27]。
TLRs是一类在先天性免疫中发挥重要作用的模式识别受体(PRRs),主要负责识别病原体相关分子模式(PAMPs)以及损伤相关分子模式(DAMPs),激活先天性免疫和适应性免疫[28];核因子-κB(NF-κB)是一组在调控免疫反应、炎症反应、细胞生长与死亡等多种生理过程中起关键作用的转录因子,负责调节免疫细胞的活化、增殖和分化[29]。蔡明玉等[2]研究发现克柔念珠菌毒力因子14-3-3蛋白通过激活TLR/NF-κB信号通路使奶牛乳腺上皮细胞发生炎症反应。王凡[30]研究发现miR-148a通过靶向TLR4,减少MyD88表达和p65磷酸化,抑制NF-κB信号通路,有效缓解奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎症反应,表明存在microRNA可以下调TLR/NF-κB信号通路抑制奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎症反应。NF-κB家族成员具有五个不同的亚单位:p50/p105(NF-κB1)、p52/p100(NF-κB2)、c-Rel、RelA(p65)和RelB[31]。其中RelB包含1~300个残基的区域,主要参与NF-κB信号通路的非经典途径,作为调控因子来调节NF-κB信号通路,参与机体的先天性免疫和适应性免疫[32]。在炎症条件下,免疫细胞(T细胞、B细胞、单核细胞和星形胶质细胞)中RelB表达量显著升高[33]。吴钟伟等[34]研究发现,miR-146a-3p通过靶向RelB的3’UTR的367-377区域抑制动脉粥样硬化小鼠血管内皮细胞的细胞因子分泌,表明microRNA可以通过靶向RelB基因抑制NF-κB信号通路,减缓细胞炎症反应。本研究中bta-miR-2377、bta-miR-2285i的潜在靶基因分别为TLR4、RelB,与上述研究结果一致,因此推测bta-miR-2377、bta-miR-2285i可能通过靶基因介导TLR/NF-κB信号通路调节Candida krusei诱导的MAC-T炎症反应的发展过程,其分子机制有待于进一步验证。
MAPK(mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway)信号通路是一类重要的细胞信号传导通路,通过级联磷酸化反应,参与多种信号转导通路,传递细胞外信号至细胞核,调控基因表达、细胞增殖、分化、存活和凋亡等多种生物过程[35]。级联反应包括三层顺序激活激酶:MAPK激酶激酶(MAP3K)、MAPK激酶(MAP2K)和MAPK[36]。Wang等[37]研究发现,金黄色葡萄球菌在感染奶牛乳腺上皮细胞时,致病性毒力因子与 TLR2 的结合导致NF-κB和MAPK等信号通路激活,进一步促进促炎细胞因子IL-6和TNF-α的表达,这表明MAPK信号通路在奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎症反应中具有重要的作用。MAPK8作为MAPK家族的一员,磷酸化并激活一系列下游基因的表达,在细胞增殖、细胞分化、细胞存活、细胞死亡、炎症和其他病理进展中发挥关键调节作用[38]。Gu等[39]研究发现在内皮细胞中,miR-130a-3p通过靶向MAPK8,调控MAPK信号通路,抑制内皮细胞炎症反应,降低促炎因子的表达。本研究中bta-miR-2285i的潜在靶基因MAPK8富集到了MAPK信号通路上,与上述研究结果一致,表明bta-miR-2285i可能通过靶向MAPK8介导MAPK信号通路从而实现对Candida krusei诱导的MAC-T炎症反应的调控作用,但具体的分子机制仍需进一步验证。
JAK-STAT信号通路是一种细胞内信号传导机制,它在多种生物学过程中发挥重要作用,包括基因表达、免疫反应、细胞分化、代谢和细胞生长等[40⁃41]。近年来,大量试验数据表明,JAK-STAT信号通路与免疫系统功能的各个方面有关,例如抵抗感染、维持免疫耐受、增强屏障功能和预防癌症等[42]。蒲俊华[43]研究发现,miR-122通过靶向EPOR基因,参与JAK-STAT信号通路,调控JAK蛋白、STAT蛋白基因表达水平,调节链球菌引起的奶牛乳腺组织的炎症损伤,表明JAK-STAT信号通路在奶牛乳腺炎中具有重要调控作用。JAK-STAT信号通路有三个部分:细胞受体、JAK蛋白、STAT蛋白[44]。哺乳动物中有7个STAT家族成员:STAT1、STAT2、STAT3、STAT4、STAT5A、STAT5B和STAT6[45]。STAT家族的每个成员都可以被多种细胞因子和相关JAK激活,其中STAT5A和STAT5B是具有多效性作用的广谱细胞因子的关键作用靶点,在T细胞增殖、分化、存活和衰老等过程中发挥重要作用[46]。本研究中bta-miR-2377潜在的靶基因为STAT5A、STAT5B,推测bta-miR-2377可能通过靶向STAT5A、STAT5B参与JAK-STAT信号通路,在奶牛乳腺上皮细胞免疫反应中发挥重要作用。在对STAT家族成员功能研究中发现,STAT5A、STAT5B是人类和小鼠自然杀伤(NK)细胞活化、增殖以及成熟的重要转录调控因子[47]。其中NK细胞是先天免疫系统中抵抗多种病毒感染和消除肿瘤细胞的效应器,这表明bta-miR-2377可能在先天性免疫调控中也发挥具有重要作用,其分子机制有待于进一步验证。
在Candida krusei诱导炎症的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞模型中获得了16个表达上调和7个表达下调的DEmicroRNA。其中显著性下调的bta-miR-2377,显著性上调的bta-miR-2285i通过潜在靶基因介导MAPK、JAK-STAT、NF-κB和Toll样受体等炎症相关信号通路,从而调控Candida krusei诱导的MAC-T炎症反应的发生与发展过程,为下一步揭示特异性microRNA在克柔念珠菌致病机制方面奠定了基础。
  • 宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目(2024AAC03118)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32160044)
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2026年第57卷第1期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.043
  • 接收时间:2025-02-24
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-01-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24
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宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目(2024AAC03118)
国家自然科学基金项目(32160044)
作者信息
    1.宁夏大学生命科学学院,银川 750021
    2.西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,银川 750021

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杜军,主要从事动物病原生物学研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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