Article(id=1307007602907435705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.035, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1729785600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789544495560, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1769097600000, pubDateStr=2026-01-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789544495560, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789544495560, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789544495560, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307007396681900041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='568', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769097600000', pubDateStr='2026-01-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789544446392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609890784, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281890638057732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281890738721029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=401, endPage=413, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307007603721130684, articleId=1307007602907435705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Preparation and Application of Cat PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody and Feline Derived Single Chain Antibody, columnId=1307007432299930010, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The purpose of this study was to prepare feline PD-L1 antigen and screen monoclonal antibody, and preliminary application was carried out in detection and diagnosis of canine and feline oncology diseases. In addition, feline derived chimeric single chain variable Fragment-Feline Fragment crystallizable (scFv-fFc) was prepared, which provided a tool for the treatment of cat tumor in future. The PD-L1 gene of feline was amplified by PCR and prokaryotic expression recombinant plasmid PET-MPD-L1 was constructed, and the antigen of PD-L1 was prepared by expression with host BL21(DE3). After immunization with mice, cell was fused, and an ELISA was established to screen antibody produced by hybridoma cells. After subcloning three times, the cell line of MPD-L1 hybridoma were established, subtypes were identified, and the ascites were prepared, and titer of the ascites was determined. Characteristics were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Total RNA was extracted from the hybridoma cells, and the heavy chain variable region (VH) and light chain variable region (VL) genes were amplified by RT-PCR, which were compared with the antibody light and heavy chain genes in the IMGT database for confirmation. RNA from peripheral blood of a cat in clinic was extracted, and the Fc gene of IgG1 was amplified by RT-PCR. The recombinant plasmids of pFast-MPD-L1-scFv and PFAST-MPD-L1-scFv-fFc were constructed by splicing VH and VL into scFv and scFv-Fc into scFv-fFc by landing PCR, then expressed in the baculovirus expression system. The results showed that feline PD-L1 was highly expressed in the supernatant of cultures and the purified protein could be used antigen for immunization. The monoclonal antibody of 2A5A2F4D7 belonged to IgG 2a subtype, and the light chain is subtype κ. The titer of the supernatant, ascites was 1:3200, 1:102400 respectively. Western-Blot results showed that monoclonal antibody 2A5A2F4D7 reacted with expressed feline PD-L1, and IHC results showed that the monoclonal antibody secreted by 2A5A2F4D7 hybridoma cells can recognize PD-L1 of tumor cells both canine and feline. The VH and VL genes amplified were consistent with genes in the IMGT database, with 4 framework regions and 3 hypervariable regions. The recombinant plasmids of pFast-MPD-L1-scFv and PFAST-MPD-L1-scFv-fFc were constructed successfully and expressed in the supernatants of insect baculovirus expression system. The prepared feline PD-L1 monoclonal antibody have certain value in the detection and prognosis of canine and feline tumors, while scFv-fFc might hold great potential for application in the treatment of tumors in canine and feline.

, authors=Meng LI1, 2, Siyuan SU1, 2, Zipan LI1, 2, Yuntiao XU1, 2, Zibei HUANG1, 2, Jianya LUO1, 2, Yiheng ZHAO1, 2, Xin GUO1, 2, Hongkai BIAN1, 2, Xinyu PAN1, 2, Wenbo LIU1, 2, authorsList=Meng LI, Siyuan SU, Zipan LI, Yuntiao XU, Zibei HUANG, Jianya LUO, Yiheng ZHAO, Xin GUO, Hongkai BIAN, Xinyu PAN, Wenbo LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wenbo LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LIU Wenbo,E-mail:
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旨在制备猫PD-L1抗原并筛选单抗,探讨其在犬、猫肿瘤检测和诊断中的应用,同时制备猫源化嵌合单链抗体,为猫肿瘤的治疗提供基础。本研究通过PCR扩增猫PD-L1基因,构建原核表达重组质粒PET-MPD-L1,通过在宿主BL21(DE3)中表达制备PD-L1抗原,免疫小鼠后细胞融合,ELISA方法进行杂交瘤细胞筛选,3次亚克隆后建立MPD-L1杂交瘤细胞系。测定杂交瘤细胞上清、腹水效价、抗体亚类、Western blot和免疫组织化学(IHC)特性。扩增轻、重链可变区和猫IgG1 Fc基因,降落PCR将重链可变区(Variable region of the Heavy chain,VH)和轻链可变区(Variable region of the Light chain,VL)拼接成scFv,进一步拼接出scFv-fFc,构建pFast-MPD-L1-scFv和pFast-MPD-L1-scFv-fFc重组质粒,在昆虫杆状病毒表达系统中表达。结果表明,猫PD-L1在上清中大量表达且纯度较好,杂交瘤细胞2A5A2F4D7分泌的抗体属于IgG 2a,轻链为κ亚型,细胞上清、腹水抗体效价分别为1∶3 200和1∶102 400,Western blot结果表明,该单抗能与表达的猫PD-L1反应,IHC结果显示,该单抗可以识别犬猫肿瘤组织细胞表达的PD-L1,可以反映PD-L1在肿瘤组织中的表达情况。VH和VL与IMGT数据库中相应基因序列相符,具有4个框架区和3个高变区,猫源化嵌合单链抗体在昆虫杆状病毒表达系统中成功表达。综上,本研究制备的猫PD-L1单克隆抗体在犬猫肿瘤检测和预后中具有一定的价值,猫源化单链抗体的成功制备为其在犬猫肿瘤病治疗中的应用打下了基础。

, authors=李蒙1, 2, 苏思元1, 2, 李自盼1, 2, 徐昀眺1, 2, 黄紫贝1, 2, 罗健雅1, 2, 赵以恒1, 2, 郭鑫1, 2, 卞泓凯1, 2, 潘新语1, 2, 刘文博1, 2, authorsList=李蒙, 苏思元, 李自盼, 徐昀眺, 黄紫贝, 罗健雅, 赵以恒, 郭鑫, 卞泓凯, 潘新语, 刘文博, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘文博, authorNote=

李蒙,博士生,主要从事预防兽医学研究,E-mail:2273797912 @qq.com

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘文博,主要从事动物疫病防控与兽医流行病学研究,E-mail:
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2.江苏省动物重要疫病与人兽共患病防控协同创新中心,扬州 225009, bio={"content":"

李蒙,博士生,主要从事预防兽医学研究,E-mail:2273797912 @qq.com

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李蒙,博士生,主要从事预防兽医学研究,E-mail:2273797912 @qq.com

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pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TOPALIAN S L,HODI F S,BRAHMER J R,et al.Safety,activity,and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer[J].N Engl J Med,2012,366(26):2443-2454., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286665182081307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZAK K M,GRUDNIK P,MAGIERA K,et al.Structural biology of the immune checkpoint receptor PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1/PD-L2[J].Structure,2017,25(8):1163-1174., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307286661084246263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省农科科技自主创新项目(CX(20)2012-1), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307286661142966520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省优势学科第四期(2021), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307286651709976716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286651714171021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, companyId=1307286651709976716, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Veterinary Medicine,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286651722559630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, companyId=1307286651709976716, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.扬州大学兽医学院,扬州 225009)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307286651856777359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286651865165968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, companyId=1307286651856777359, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases,Yangzhou 225009,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286651881943185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, companyId=1307286651856777359, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.江苏省动物重要疫病与人兽共患病防控协同创新中心,扬州 225009)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307286659532353761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Construction of PET-MPD-L1 and antigen preparation

A. Feline PD-L1 gene: M. 200 bp marker; 1. Feline PD-L1 gene. B. Double digestion identification of PET-MPD-L1: M. 1000 bp marker; 1. PET-MPD-L1 digestion result. C. PET-MPD-L1 protein expression: M. Protein molecular weight marker; 1. Lysate supernatant of induced PET-32a; 2. Lysate precipitate of induced PET-32a; 3. Lysate supernatant of uninduced PET-32a; 4. Lysate precipitate of uninduced PET-32a; 5. Lysate precipitate of uninduced PET-MPD-L1; 6. Lysate supernatant of uninduced PET-MPD-L1; 7. Lysate precipitate of induced PET-MPD-L1; 8. Lysate supernatant of induced PET-MPD-L1. D. PET-MPD-L1 protein purification: M. Protein molecular weight marker; 1. Bacterial lysate; 2. Flow-through; 3-9. Wash fractions; 10-12. Elution fractions

, figureFileSmall=az/KlwKlaqcorPyGsN+fMA==, figureFileBig=6DcZ/8n9fDp+YicBtMDGwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286659599462626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PET-MPD-L1的构建和抗原制备

A.猫PD-L1基因:M.200 bp marker;1.猫PD-L1基因。B.PET-MPD-L1双酶切鉴定:M.1000 bp marker;1.PET-MPD-L1酶切结果。C.PET-MPD-L1蛋白表达:M.蛋白分子量marker;1.诱导PET-32a破碎上清;2.诱导PET-32a破碎沉淀;3.未诱导PET-32a破碎上清;4.未诱导PET-32a破碎沉淀;5.未诱导PET- MPD-L1破碎沉淀;6.未诱导PET-MPD-L1破碎上清;7.诱导PET- MPD-L1破碎沉淀;8.诱导PET- MPD-L1破碎上清。D. PET-MPD-L1蛋白纯化:M.蛋白分子量marker;1.细菌裂解液;2.穿流液;3~9.洗涤液;10~12.洗脱液

, figureFileSmall=az/KlwKlaqcorPyGsN+fMA==, figureFileBig=6DcZ/8n9fDp+YicBtMDGwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286659691737315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Results of SDS-PAGE validation antibody purification

M. Protein molecular weight marker; 1. Preliminary extraction of ascites; 2. Flowing fluid; 3. Washing solution; 4. Purification of antibodies

, figureFileSmall=cn3+JRlJrXfZEI0Cg0mIDA==, figureFileBig=dBwhXEEubIDWqR56ya1P1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286659758846180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=CN, label=图2, caption=SDS-PAGE验证抗体纯化结果

M.蛋白分子量marker;1.粗提腹水;2.穿流液;3.洗涤液;4.纯化抗体

, figureFileSmall=cn3+JRlJrXfZEI0Cg0mIDA==, figureFileBig=dBwhXEEubIDWqR56ya1P1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286659821760741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Western blot result of McAb reacted with feline PD-L1

M. Protein molecular weight marker; 1. PET-MPD-L1 protein; 2. PET-32a

, figureFileSmall=JoNhe9tFIhMK1eVRaL/P3Q==, figureFileBig=4v+1/Ah2coZdTCJtQqk3Mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286659893063910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Western blot验证抗体识别猫PD-L1

M.蛋白分子量marker;1.PET-MPD-L1蛋白;2.PET-32a

, figureFileSmall=JoNhe9tFIhMK1eVRaL/P3Q==, figureFileBig=4v+1/Ah2coZdTCJtQqk3Mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286659955978471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Identification of canine and feline tumor tissues using HE staining and IHC with 2A5A2F4D7

A. Canine perianal epithelial tumor, HE staining (100×); B. Canine perianal epithelial tumor, IHC; C. Canine pilomatricoma, IHC; D. Canine mammary fibroadenoma, IHC; E. Feline lymphoma, HE staining; F. Feline lymphoma, (IHC); G. Canine mammary carcinoma, IHC; H. Peritumoral tissue of canine mammary carcinoma, IHC. Arrows point to the positive tumor cells

, figureFileSmall=3y0+IngGxffbrfsxT5MQ9g==, figureFileBig=sVijKZRk9FvVzohCAiiC5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286660035670248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=CN, label=图4, caption=HE染色和IHC鉴定2A5A2F4D7识别犬猫肿瘤组织

A.犬肛周上皮瘤HE染色(100×);B.犬肛周上皮瘤IHC;C.犬毛发棘皮瘤IHC;D.犬乳腺纤维腺瘤IHC;E.猫淋巴瘤 HE染色;F.猫淋巴瘤IHC;G.犬乳腺癌IHC;H.犬乳腺癌旁组织IHC。箭头所指的是阳性肿瘤细胞

, figureFileSmall=3y0+IngGxffbrfsxT5MQ9g==, figureFileBig=sVijKZRk9FvVzohCAiiC5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286660111167721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Antibody gene amplification

A. Antibody heavy chain gene amplification: M1. 100 bp marker; M2. 200 bp marker; 1-16. The first to the 16th pairs of heavy chain gene amplification. B. Antibody light chain gene amplification: M1. 100 bp marker; 1-19. The first to the 19th pairs of light chain gene amplification

, figureFileSmall=YXzMt8QCEVDruqqpT23edg==, figureFileBig=qabnmfE7EAnTLGjc532FHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286660174082282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=CN, label=图5, caption=抗体基因扩增

A.抗体重链基因扩增:M1. 100 bp marker;M2. 200 bp marker;1~16.第1对~第16对重链基因扩增。B.抗体轻链基因扩增:M1. 100 bp marker;1~19.第1对~第19对轻链基因扩增

, figureFileSmall=YXzMt8QCEVDruqqpT23edg==, figureFileBig=qabnmfE7EAnTLGjc532FHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286660236996843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Amplification of antibody light and heavy chain genes

A. Antibody heavy chain gene amplification: M. 100 bp marker; 1. The 5th pair of heavy chain gene amplification. B. Antibody light chain gene amplification: M. 100 bp marker; 1. The 8th pair of light chain gene amplification

, figureFileSmall=WPz3jMIgM4YD0AHWDcfA9w==, figureFileBig=5MACBkteMA/uWNR64SOl4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286660299911404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=CN, label=图6, caption=抗体轻重链基因扩增

A.抗体重链基因扩增:M. 100 bp marker;1.第5对重链基因扩增。B.抗体轻链基因扩增:M. 100 bp marker;1.第8对轻链基因扩增

, figureFileSmall=WPz3jMIgM4YD0AHWDcfA9w==, figureFileBig=5MACBkteMA/uWNR64SOl4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286660362825965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Antibody gene alignment

A. Comparison of antibody gene amplification using the 5th pair of light chain primers; B. Comparison of antibody gene amplification using the 8th pair of light chain primers

, figureFileSmall=996n5Bt3d9fTB5aluLYzNw==, figureFileBig=sxEDW2AF6915/0Y2g4D06g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286660434129134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=CN, label=图7, caption=抗体基因比对

A.第5对重链引物扩增抗体基因比对;B.第8对轻链引物扩增抗体基因比对

, figureFileSmall=996n5Bt3d9fTB5aluLYzNw==, figureFileBig=sxEDW2AF6915/0Y2g4D06g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286660501237999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Amplification of VH5 and VK8 and splicing of their scFv

A. Antibody light and heavy chain gene amplification: M. 100 bp marker; 1. VH5 Linker; 2. VK8 Linker. B. ScFv splicing: M. 100 bp marker;3. scFv

, figureFileSmall=rvi/Og8glJDwSz7OB4m1AQ==, figureFileBig=WXbd1IP4mwA5jQVM1d1nwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286660572541168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=CN, label=图8, caption=VH5与VK8的扩增及其scFv的拼接

A.抗体轻重链基因扩增:M. 100 bp marker;1. VH5 Linker;2. VK8 Linker;B. scFv拼接:M. 100 bp marker;3. scFv

, figureFileSmall=rvi/Og8glJDwSz7OB4m1AQ==, figureFileBig=WXbd1IP4mwA5jQVM1d1nwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286660635455729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Assembly of the feline-derived chimeric single-chain antibody gene

A. Amplification of the feline constant region antibody gene: M. 200 bp marker; 1. Feline constant region antibody gene. B. Amplification of scFv and feline IgG-Fc genes: M. 100 bp marker; 2. scFv; 3. Feline IgG-Fc. C. Feline-derived chimeric single-chain antibody gene: M. 200 bp marker; 4. scFv-fFc

, figureFileSmall=w9Th45XodMqwBuFAjD+TDQ==, figureFileBig=IIgW2Rqk4gPsPt2kngoGxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286660689981682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=CN, label=图9, caption=猫源化嵌合单链抗体基因的拼接

A.猫恒定区抗体基因扩增:M. 200 bp marker;1. 猫恒定区抗体基因。B. scFv与猫IgG-Fc基因扩增:M. 100 bp marker;2. scFv;3.猫IgG-Fc。C. 猫源化嵌合单链抗体基因:M.200 bp marker;4. scFv-fFc

, figureFileSmall=w9Th45XodMqwBuFAjD+TDQ==, figureFileBig=IIgW2Rqk4gPsPt2kngoGxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286660761284851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Rescue of recombinant baculoviruses rBV-scFv and rBV-scFv-fFc

A. Double enzyme digestion production of rBacmid-scFv: 1. 1 kb marker; 2. 200 bp marker; 3. Double enzyme digestion of rBacmid-scFv. B. Double enzyme digestion production of rBacmid-scFv-fFc: 1. 1kb marker; 2. 200 bp marker; 3. Double enzyme digestion of rBacmid-scFv-fFc. C. PCR production of rBacmid-scFv and rBacmid-scFv-fFc using M13 primers and specific primers: 1, 4. 1 kb marker; 2. Identification of rBacmid-scFv using scFv primers; 3, 6. Identification of rBacmid-scFv and rBacmid-scFv-fFc using M13 primers; 5. Identification of rBacmid-scFv-fFc using scFv-fFc primers. D. PCR production of P1-P3 generations of recombinant baculovirus rBV-scFv and rBV-scFv-fFc using M13 primers and specific primers: 1, 11. 1 kb marker; 2. 200 bp marker; 3-5. Identification of P1-P3 generations of rBV-scFv using scFv primers; 7-9, 16-18. Identification of P1-P3 generations of rBV-scFv and rBV-scFv-fFc using M13 primers; 6, 10, 15, 19. Non-infected controls; 12-14. Identification of P1-P3 generations of rBV-scFv-fFc using scFv-fFc primers

, figureFileSmall=ybCdse3FJ56m6djxPuVNCw==, figureFileBig=Rjr2xY6X6SLoT0k/c8zlvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286660836782324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=CN, label=图10, caption=重组杆状病毒rBV-scFv和rBV-scFv-fFc的拯救

A. rbacmid-scFv的双酶切鉴定:1. 1 kb marker;2. 200 bp marker;3. rbacmid-scFv双酶切。B. rbacmid-scFv-fFc的双酶切鉴定:1. 1kb marker;2. 200bp marker;3. rbacmid-scFv-fFc双酶切。C. M13引物和特异性引物PCR鉴定rbacmid-scFv和rbacmid-scFv-fFc:1、4. 1kb marker;2. scFv引物鉴定rbacmid-scFv;3、6. M13引物鉴定rbacmid-scFv和rbacmid-scFv-fFc;5. scFv-fFc引物鉴定rbacmid-scFv-fFc。D.M13引物和特异性引物PCR鉴定P1-P3代重组杆状病毒rBV-scFv和rBV-scFv-fFc:1、11. 1kb marker;2. 200bp marker;3~5. scFv引物鉴定P1-P3代rBV-scFv;7~9、16~18. M13引物鉴定P1-P3代rBV-scFv和rBV-scFv-fFc;6、10、15、19. 未接毒对照;12~14. scFv-fFc引物鉴定P1-P3代rBV-scFv-fFc

, figureFileSmall=ybCdse3FJ56m6djxPuVNCw==, figureFileBig=Rjr2xY6X6SLoT0k/c8zlvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286660895502581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Western blot analysis of scFv and scFv-fFc expression

1,5. Marker; 2-4 and 6-8: Represent the P3 generation rBV-scFv- and rBV-scFv-fFc-infected SF9 cell culture medium, cell lysate supernatant, and cell lysate pellet, respectively

, figureFileSmall=sf/F5jPhcN1adplaTC2pTw==, figureFileBig=Evb5LDWszDpjCxfIlw7kRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286660962611446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007602907435705, language=CN, label=图11, caption=Western blot鉴定scFv和scFv-fFc的表达

1、5. Marker;2~4、6~8.分别为P3代rBV-scFv和rBV-scFv-fFc感染SF9细胞培养基、细胞破碎上清、细胞破碎沉淀

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猫PD-L1单克隆抗体及猫源化单链抗体的制备和初步应用
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李蒙 1, 2 , 苏思元 1, 2 , 李自盼 1, 2 , 徐昀眺 1, 2 , 黄紫贝 1, 2 , 罗健雅 1, 2 , 赵以恒 1, 2 , 郭鑫 1, 2 , 卞泓凯 1, 2 , 潘新语 1, 2 , 刘文博 1, 2
畜牧兽医学报 | 预防兽医 2026,57(1): 401-413
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畜牧兽医学报 |预防兽医 2026 , 57 (1) : 401 -413
猫PD-L1单克隆抗体及猫源化单链抗体的制备和初步应用
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李蒙1, 2, 苏思元1, 2, 李自盼1, 2, 徐昀眺1, 2, 黄紫贝1, 2, 罗健雅1, 2, 赵以恒1, 2, 郭鑫1, 2, 卞泓凯1, 2, 潘新语1, 2, 刘文博1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.扬州大学兽医学院,扬州 225009
  • 2.江苏省动物重要疫病与人兽共患病防控协同创新中心,扬州 225009
通讯作者:
刘文博,主要从事动物疫病防控与兽医流行病学研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

李蒙,博士生,主要从事预防兽医学研究,E-mail:2273797912 @qq.com

Preparation and Application of Cat PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody and Feline Derived Single Chain Antibody
Meng LI1, 2, Siyuan SU1, 2, Zipan LI1, 2, Yuntiao XU1, 2, Zibei HUANG1, 2, Jianya LUO1, 2, Yiheng ZHAO1, 2, Xin GUO1, 2, Hongkai BIAN1, 2, Xinyu PAN1, 2, Wenbo LIU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Veterinary Medicine,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China
  • 2.Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases,Yangzhou 225009,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LIU Wenbo,E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.035
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旨在制备猫PD-L1抗原并筛选单抗,探讨其在犬、猫肿瘤检测和诊断中的应用,同时制备猫源化嵌合单链抗体,为猫肿瘤的治疗提供基础。本研究通过PCR扩增猫PD-L1基因,构建原核表达重组质粒PET-MPD-L1,通过在宿主BL21(DE3)中表达制备PD-L1抗原,免疫小鼠后细胞融合,ELISA方法进行杂交瘤细胞筛选,3次亚克隆后建立MPD-L1杂交瘤细胞系。测定杂交瘤细胞上清、腹水效价、抗体亚类、Western blot和免疫组织化学(IHC)特性。扩增轻、重链可变区和猫IgG1 Fc基因,降落PCR将重链可变区(Variable region of the Heavy chain,VH)和轻链可变区(Variable region of the Light chain,VL)拼接成scFv,进一步拼接出scFv-fFc,构建pFast-MPD-L1-scFv和pFast-MPD-L1-scFv-fFc重组质粒,在昆虫杆状病毒表达系统中表达。结果表明,猫PD-L1在上清中大量表达且纯度较好,杂交瘤细胞2A5A2F4D7分泌的抗体属于IgG 2a,轻链为κ亚型,细胞上清、腹水抗体效价分别为1∶3 200和1∶102 400,Western blot结果表明,该单抗能与表达的猫PD-L1反应,IHC结果显示,该单抗可以识别犬猫肿瘤组织细胞表达的PD-L1,可以反映PD-L1在肿瘤组织中的表达情况。VH和VL与IMGT数据库中相应基因序列相符,具有4个框架区和3个高变区,猫源化嵌合单链抗体在昆虫杆状病毒表达系统中成功表达。综上,本研究制备的猫PD-L1单克隆抗体在犬猫肿瘤检测和预后中具有一定的价值,猫源化单链抗体的成功制备为其在犬猫肿瘤病治疗中的应用打下了基础。

犬猫肿瘤疾病  /  猫PD-L1  /  单克隆抗体  /  scFv  /  scFv-fFc  /  昆虫杆状病毒表达

The purpose of this study was to prepare feline PD-L1 antigen and screen monoclonal antibody, and preliminary application was carried out in detection and diagnosis of canine and feline oncology diseases. In addition, feline derived chimeric single chain variable Fragment-Feline Fragment crystallizable (scFv-fFc) was prepared, which provided a tool for the treatment of cat tumor in future. The PD-L1 gene of feline was amplified by PCR and prokaryotic expression recombinant plasmid PET-MPD-L1 was constructed, and the antigen of PD-L1 was prepared by expression with host BL21(DE3). After immunization with mice, cell was fused, and an ELISA was established to screen antibody produced by hybridoma cells. After subcloning three times, the cell line of MPD-L1 hybridoma were established, subtypes were identified, and the ascites were prepared, and titer of the ascites was determined. Characteristics were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Total RNA was extracted from the hybridoma cells, and the heavy chain variable region (VH) and light chain variable region (VL) genes were amplified by RT-PCR, which were compared with the antibody light and heavy chain genes in the IMGT database for confirmation. RNA from peripheral blood of a cat in clinic was extracted, and the Fc gene of IgG1 was amplified by RT-PCR. The recombinant plasmids of pFast-MPD-L1-scFv and PFAST-MPD-L1-scFv-fFc were constructed by splicing VH and VL into scFv and scFv-Fc into scFv-fFc by landing PCR, then expressed in the baculovirus expression system. The results showed that feline PD-L1 was highly expressed in the supernatant of cultures and the purified protein could be used antigen for immunization. The monoclonal antibody of 2A5A2F4D7 belonged to IgG 2a subtype, and the light chain is subtype κ. The titer of the supernatant, ascites was 1:3200, 1:102400 respectively. Western-Blot results showed that monoclonal antibody 2A5A2F4D7 reacted with expressed feline PD-L1, and IHC results showed that the monoclonal antibody secreted by 2A5A2F4D7 hybridoma cells can recognize PD-L1 of tumor cells both canine and feline. The VH and VL genes amplified were consistent with genes in the IMGT database, with 4 framework regions and 3 hypervariable regions. The recombinant plasmids of pFast-MPD-L1-scFv and PFAST-MPD-L1-scFv-fFc were constructed successfully and expressed in the supernatants of insect baculovirus expression system. The prepared feline PD-L1 monoclonal antibody have certain value in the detection and prognosis of canine and feline tumors, while scFv-fFc might hold great potential for application in the treatment of tumors in canine and feline.

tumor diseases in canine and feline  /  feline PD-L1  /  monoclonal antibodies  /  scFv  /  scFv-fFc  /  insect baculovirus expression
李蒙, 苏思元, 李自盼, 徐昀眺, 黄紫贝, 罗健雅, 赵以恒, 郭鑫, 卞泓凯, 潘新语, 刘文博. 猫PD-L1单克隆抗体及猫源化单链抗体的制备和初步应用. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (1) : 401 -413 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.035
Meng LI, Siyuan SU, Zipan LI, Yuntiao XU, Zibei HUANG, Jianya LUO, Yiheng ZHAO, Xin GUO, Hongkai BIAN, Xinyu PAN, Wenbo LIU. Preparation and Application of Cat PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody and Feline Derived Single Chain Antibody[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (1) : 401 -413 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.035
国内犬猫伴侣动物饲养量剧增、犬猫寿命期望值越来越高,随着年龄增长及各种诱因,肿瘤的发病率日益增高[1]。犬猫常见的肿瘤类型有乳腺癌、软组织肉瘤、淋巴瘤、鳞状细胞癌和肥大细胞瘤[2⁃3],肿瘤性疾病的诊断主要通过临床检查和影像学,治疗方法通常有化学疗法、放射治疗和手术切除[4],但是,这些诊断和治疗方法有一定的局限性。因此,开发新的诊断和治疗方法,与现有方法联合使用至关重要。
近些年,免疫治疗在医学肿瘤学领域取得了显著进展,是人类癌症治疗的一个新突破[5],免疫抑制性受体程序性死亡受体1(programmed death 1,PD-1)与其配体-1( Programmed death ligand-1,PD-L1)共同诱导抗原特异性淋巴细胞的“耗竭”状态,参与肿瘤细胞的免疫逃逸[6⁃7]。PD-L1在不同动物多种肿瘤细胞上高量表达,可用于肿瘤病的诊疗,其表达水平也可作为免疫治疗预后的依据。抑制PD-1/PD-L1通路可恢复耗竭T细胞的效应功能,针对PD-1或PD-L1的抗体可增强或恢复T细胞效应功能,因而备受关注,在医学肿瘤病领域中,此类抗体得到了广泛应用[8⁃9]。然而,在伴侣动物肿瘤方面的研究还处于起步阶段,在美国和日本,制备出了针对犬PD-1/PD-L1的单抗,日本研制出了猫PD-1/PD-L1的单抗[10⁃12]、将其改造成犬源化和猫源化嵌合抗体[13],在临床试验中显示出一定的治疗效果[14⁃17]。然而,我国尚无猫PD-1/PD-L1的单克隆抗体,也缺乏相应的免疫治疗制品。
鼠源抗体多次应用易引起过敏反应,因此对单克隆抗体进行异源化尤为重要。单链抗体(single-chain variable fragment-feline Fragment crystallizable,scFv)由抗体VH和VL通过一段连接肽(Linker)连接而成[18],分子量为27~30 ku,约为完整抗体分子的1/6,能保持较完整的抗原结合位点,是亲代抗体全部抗原结合特异性的最小功能单位,具有较低的免疫原性,不易引起过敏反应,且分子量小,容易穿透血管壁、组织及实体瘤,能直接与肿瘤细胞表面上的抗原结合[19]。不过,scFv的最大缺点就是与靶点的单价结合,即便单价结合有着较高的亲和力,但是也会很快发生解离,这就导致体内不能长时间地在靶位停留[20],此外,scFv在体内的血液循环中,半衰期短,容易从血液循环中被排除。通过重组融合的方法将scFv与不同动物源抗体的Fc段结合,有助于形成二聚体,既可以延长scFv-Fc在体内的半衰期,又可以激活补体依赖细胞毒反应和Fc受体介导的抗体依赖细胞毒反应[21⁃22]。
本研究通过杂交瘤技术筛选到1株单克隆抗体(2A5A2F4D7),该单抗在犬猫肿瘤组织IHC试验中呈阳性,通过基因工程技术扩增抗体VH和VL基因,将其拼接成scFv,在scFv的基础上,对其进行猫源化改造,将鼠源性scFv与猫源性抗体的Fc段结合,形成scFv-fFc,使其具有种属特异性,试验结果证明scFV和scFv-fFc能够在昆虫杆状病毒表达系统中的细胞上清中表达,可为犬猫肿瘤病的检测和免疫治疗提供一种新的方法。
SP2/0细胞、Sf9细胞、PET-32a质粒和pFastBac HT A质粒均由本实验室保存;DH5a、BL21(DE3)购自天根生化科技(北京)有限公司。猫外周血和犬猫肿瘤组织为扬州大学动物医院临床样本;雌性BLAB/c小鼠购自扬州大学比较与医学研究中心[SCXK(苏)2022-0009]。动物试验通过扬州大学动物福利伦理审批,审批号202308121。
pMDTM19-T Vector Cloning Kit、DNA marker、PrimeScriptⅡTM 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit、限制性快切酶和DNA Ligation Kit购自TaKaRa公司;Phanta Max Super-Fidelity DNA Polymerase购自诺唯赞生物科技公司;2×Taq PCR Mix Ⅱ、RNAprep Pure高效血液总RNA提取试剂盒、质粒提取试剂盒和胶回收纯化试剂盒购自天根科技(北京)有限公司;LipoInsectTM转染试剂、杆状病毒穿梭载体bacmid小量抽提试剂盒购自碧云天生物技术有限公司;HAT、HT和DMEM培养基购自Gibco公司;SF-SFM完全培养基购自苏州沃美生物有限公司;抗His鼠源单克隆抗体购自Abbkine公司;PEG 1500购自Roche公司;高速冷冻离心机(5810 R、5430 R)购自Eppendorf公司;酶标仪(Epoch-3)购自BioTek公司;倒置显微镜(TS-2)购自尼康公司(NIKON)产品。
猫PD-L1基因扩增:使用试剂盒提取猫外周血中总RNA、逆转录、PCR扩增(引物的上、下游引入EcoR Ⅰ和Xho Ⅰ酶切位点,上游扩增引物为5'-ccggaattcatgaggatatttagtgtct-3',下游扩增引物为5'-ccgctcgagttacgtctcctcaaattgt-3')。产物与载体PET-32a质粒连接转化DH5a,双酶切鉴定,阳性重组质粒送华大基因公司测序,将测序结果与XM_006939039.3进行比对。序列正确的PET-MPD-L1重组质粒转化BL21(DE3),诱导表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定后大量表达和纯化,按照试剂盒说明书纯化蛋白。
小鼠免疫:按照常规方法进行免疫和细胞融合[23]。ELISA方法进行杂交瘤细胞的筛选,连续三次亚克隆后建株,试剂盒鉴定单克隆抗体亚类,制备腹水,纯化抗体鉴定,进行单克隆抗体ELISA效价测定。
纯化的PET-MPD-L1和PET-32a空载体蛋白进行SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳,转印,膜用100 g·L-1脱脂奶粉PBS室温封闭2 h,PBST洗涤3遍,1∶100稀释的杂交瘤细胞上清室温孵育1 h,PBST洗涤3遍,1∶10 000 稀释的HRP标记的羊抗鼠IgG室温孵育1 h,PBST洗涤3遍,显影。
将肿瘤组织切片脱蜡、脱二甲苯、灭活内源性过氧化物、暴露抗原、封闭后,用制备的单克隆抗体孵育1 h,PBST洗涤3遍,加酶标山羊抗鼠抗体孵育1 h,PBST洗涤3遍,避光滴加DAB染色液,苏木素衬染1 min,使用1%盐酸乙醇分化3 s,乙醇脱水,将切片浸没在二甲苯中去除乙醇,用中性树脂封片,切片显微观察。
复苏2A5A2F4D7杂交瘤细胞,提取细胞总RNA,参考文献[24⁃25]的方法合成扩增轻、重链16个或19个基因片段的引物,扩增产物琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定、回收产物纯化连接T载体、转化DH5a感受态细胞,37 ℃过夜培养后,挑取白色单菌落摇菌,PCR鉴定,送至金唯智生物科奇有限公司测序,测序结果进行Ig Blast比对。
以“1.7”中获取的轻、重链基因为模板进行PCR,扩增引物为VH5F:5'-GAAGTGAAGCTGGTGG AGTC-3',MPD-L1 VH5 Linker:5'-GTCAGAA CCACCACCACCAGAACCACCACCACCAGAACCACCACCACCTGAGGAGACGGT-3',VK8F:5'-GACATTGTGATGTCACAGTCTCCA-3',VK8R:5′-TTTGATTTCCAGCTTGGTGCC-3',MPD-L1 VK8 Linker:5'-TCAGGTGGTGGTGGTTC TGGTGGTGGTGGTTCTGGTGGTGGTGGTTCTGACATTGTGATGTCA-3',MPD-L1(SCFV-F):5'-CCGGAATTCATGGAAGTGAAGCTGG TGGAGTCT-3',MPD-L1(SCFV-R):5'-CCGCT CGAGTCATTTGATTTCCAGCTTGGTGCC-3'。通过Linker串联成单链抗体,重链基因的C端和轻链基因的N端带有15个氨基酸的Linker,通过重叠延伸PCR进行scFv的拼接,扩增引物MPD-L1(scFv-F):5′-CCGGAATTCATGGAAGTGAA GCTGGTGGAGTCT-3′,MPD-L1(scFv-RL):5′-TTTGATTTCCAGCTTGGTGCC-3′,获取scFv全长片段。从猫外周血中提取总RNA、逆转录、使用扩增引物feline-IgG(Fc-L):5′-AAGCTG GAAATCAAACCCCCTGAGATGCTT-3′,feline-IgG(Fc-R):5′-CCGCTCGAGTCATTTACCCG GAGACT-3′进行扩增,与scFv拼接,引物使用MPD-L1(scFv-F)和feline-IgG Fc-R,获取scFv-fFc全长片段。
将scFv与scFv-fFc的PCR产物进行胶回收纯化,EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切,连接pFastBac-HT A载体,转化DH5a,37℃培养,提取质粒,双酶切鉴定阳性的重组质粒并送华大基因公司测序,序列进行Blast,命名为pFastBac-MPD-L1-scFv,pFastBac-MPD-L1-scFv-fFc的构建与pFastBac-MPD-L1-scFv的构建方法相同。
将重组 pFastBac-MPD-L1-scFv 质粒转化 DH10 Bac感受态细胞,培养16 h后使用引物M13-F:5′-CGCCAGGGTTTTCCCAGTCACGAC-3′与M13-R:5′-CGCCAGGGTTTTCCCAGTCAC GAC-3′和目的片段特异性引物进行菌液PCR鉴定及1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证,验证正确后使用杆状病毒穿梭载体bacmid小量抽提试剂盒提取重组bacmid。重组杆粒rbacmid-scFv-fFc的构建与rbacmid-scFv的构建方法相同。
SF9细胞培养使用SF-SFM完全培养基,28 ℃培养,细胞状态良好时,使用LipoInsectTM转染试剂将杆状病毒穿梭载体bacmid小量抽提试剂盒提取的重组杆粒rbacmid-scFv转染SF9细胞,于28 ℃培养96 h后收获上清,获得P1代重组杆状病毒rBV-scFv,MOI为0.1连续传三代,获得稳定的P3代病毒,扩增的病毒4 ℃避光保存。rBV-scFv-fFc的拯救与rbacmid-scFv的拯救相同。
P3代病毒滴度为2×108 pfu·mL-1,以MOI为2,感染SF9细胞,28 ℃培养72 h,细胞超声破碎,4 ℃ 10 000×g离心20 min。沉淀用等量PBS悬浮,进行SDS-PAGE电泳,转膜、室温封闭2 h,加入抗His鼠源单克隆抗体,室温孵育1 h,PBST洗涤3遍,加入HRP标记的羊抗鼠IgG,室温孵育1 h,PBST洗3遍,显影。
如图1A和1B所示,成功构建PET-MPD-L1,测序结果与猫PD-L1基因比对,结果100%一致,质粒双酶切条带大小与预期一致。BL21(PET-MPD-L1)经大量诱导表达后,蛋白在上清大量表达如图1C所示,经纯化后,蛋白浓度为1.95 mg·mL-1,SDS-PAGE结果显示,蛋白条带较为单一,如图1D所示。
筛选间接ELISA条件为,包被抗原1∶1 600稀释,阴、阳性血清分别为1∶1 600和1∶51 200稀释,HRP标记羊抗鼠酶标抗体1∶10 000稀释。三次亚克隆和筛选后,获得了1株稳定分泌抗体的细胞株,命名为2A5A2F4D7。亚类鉴定2A5A2F4D7的重链为IgG 2a,轻链为κ链。抗体纯化结果如图2所示,测定杂交瘤细胞上清效价为1∶3 200,腹水效价1∶102 400。
2A5A2F4D7经Western blot验证,识别猫PD-L1,而不识别PET-32a空载体,如图3所示。
2A5A2F4D7可以识别犬猫肿瘤组织,在犬恶性乳腺瘤组织和犬良性乳腺瘤组织中显示为强阳性和阳性,在橘猫恶性淋巴瘤中显示为阳性,如图4所示。
抗体基因扩增如图5所示,选取可以扩增出疑似抗体基因大小的扩增引物继续后续试验。经TA克隆,测序与抗体基因比对后,确定第5对重链基因扩增引物和第8对轻链基因扩增引物扩增的抗体基因正确,如图7所示。
VH5与VK8通过Linker连接成scFv,经测序比对,氨基酸100%一致,如图8所示。scFv与猫IgG Fc连接成scFv-fFc,经测序比对,氨基酸100%一致,如图9所示。
重组杆粒 rbacmid-scFv和rbacmid-scFv-fFc构建成功,经双酶切、M13和特异性引物鉴定,目的条带大小与预期相符,如图10A~10C所示。制备出重组杆状病毒rBV-scFv和rBV-scFv-fFc,经M13和特异性引物PCR鉴定P1-P3代重组杆状病毒rBV-scFv和rBV-scFv-fFc,目的条带大小与预期相符,如图10D所示。
scFv和scFv-fFc在SF9细胞中表达且主要在细胞沉淀中大量表达,在细胞上清中少量表达,如图11所示。
伴侣动物肿瘤的诊疗已成为兽医关注的重要问题,免疫治疗在人类癌症治疗中的突破,启发了该技术在兽医领域的应用[26],由于各种原因,对伴侣动物癌症微环境,包括免疫检查点分子的研究还很少,国内外几家单位已研制出犬PD-1和PD-L1的单克隆抗体,而仅有日本四个大学联合研制出了猫PD-L1的单克隆抗体[8⁃12]。有研究表明,用抗人PD-L1单抗28-8可以检测猫肥大细胞瘤PD-L1的表达,证明了28-8抗体是检测猫PD-L1的一个有价值的工具,未来有望对猫肿瘤组织进行进一步分析[27]。因为目前尚无商品化针对猫PD-L1单克隆抗体,有必要制备能够特异性识别猫PD-L1分子的抗体,进一步对组织样本进行分析。本研究制备的猫PD-L1单克隆抗体既可以识别猫的PD-L1,也能识别犬PD-L1。对已鉴定为肿瘤的组织,免疫组织化学结果表明该单抗可以与多种犬恶性、良性癌和良性肿瘤呈阳性反应。该单抗可以准确检测犬、猫肿瘤中PD-L1表达的程度,对宠物犬猫免疫检查点分子进一步分析、预后及免疫治疗提供一个有价值的工具。
不同物种、不同类型的肿瘤,不同物种、相同类型的肿瘤,甚至相同物种、相同类型的肿瘤也存在PD-L1表达的差异,这可能与物种种类不同或者单克隆抗体特性不同有关。多种正常组织中会表达PD-L1,只是表达量会非常少。在肿瘤微环境中由于免疫细胞浸润产生多种细胞因子,比如IFN-γ,这会促进肿瘤细胞表达PD-L1,因此,在正常组织和肿瘤组织之间会有PD-L1的表达差异,这是一个动态的过程。PD-L1在人和犬的多种肿瘤中表达,而在猫中,有研究表明其表达仅限于一些肥大细胞肿瘤,其确切原因尚不清楚[27],在本研究中1例橘猫恶性淋巴瘤呈强阳性,这为猫肿瘤诊断提供了新证据。然而猫肿瘤及其标识分子相关研究较少,本试验中抗体的研制有望未来对PD-L1在多种猫科动物肿瘤中的表达和分析及深入研究提供必要的工具。然而,在本研究中,样本数量有限,将来需要做更多的犬猫肿瘤切片,分析PD-L1在猫肿瘤组织标本中的表达情况,探讨PD-1/PD-L1免疫治疗在犬猫肿瘤中的潜在疗效。此外,肿瘤组织分级和肿瘤亚型也会影响会PD-L1的表达分析,有些肿瘤组织不表达PD-L1可能也与肿瘤分级和肿瘤亚型有关。有研究表明诱导肿瘤细胞PD-L1表达的机制之一是对IFN-γ的反应[6],这很可能是在抗肿瘤免疫反应过程中肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞产生的。由于犬肿瘤细胞系中PD-L1的表达可被犬IFN-γ诱导或增强[12],因此这种机制也很可能参与了犬PD-L1的调控。另一种机制与致癌信号有关;据报道,在胶质瘤和三阴性乳腺癌细胞中,磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物(PTEN)功能的丧失可上调PD-L1的表达[28⁃29]。尽管有时候PD-L1的表达存在不清楚性,但是PD-L1的表达分析对PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在犬猫中的临床应用具有重要意义,因为在抗PD-1抗体的人体临床试验中,PD-L1的表达被报道与治疗结果相关。PD-L1阳性肿瘤患者的客观缓解率为36 %,而PD-L1阴性肿瘤患者均无客观缓解[30]。由于抗PD-L1抗体被证明对犬癌症具有治疗潜力[12],因此抗PD-L1抗体的临床应用值得进一步研究。
尽管预测的猫PD-L1的分子量分别为33.4 ku,但使用G11-6的免疫沉淀结果显示,猫PD-L1的分子量约为60 ku[13],可能猫PD-L1具有糖基化和泛素化,影响了分子量大小,人PD-L1存在广泛的N-糖基化修饰。有研究表明,全长PD-L1的晶体结构产生了同源二聚体[31]。在本试验中采取了原核系统表达猫PD-L1,原核表达不涉及翻译后的修饰,蛋白大小与预测的大小相符合。原核蛋白不具有像真核蛋白那样的纯天然的构象,所以未来探究猫PD-L1分子的作用机制,还是需要采用真核表达系统。
为了降低抗猫PD-1单抗临床应用的免疫原性,有研究将克隆1A1-2的可变区与猫IgG1的恒定区融合,制备了鼠-猫嵌合单抗(Ch-1A1-2),发现Ch-1A1-2也能增加激活猫外周血淋巴细胞中IFN-γ的产生,认为1A1-2是首个具有抑制猫PD-1和PD-L1相互作用能力的抗猫PD-1单克隆抗体,而嵌合抗体ch-1A1-2将是治疗猫肿瘤的有益抗体[27]。本试验制备的猫PD-L1单抗只验证了单抗识别犬猫肿瘤组织表面的PD-L1,至于能否阻断PD-1与PD-L1的结合,还需要进一步验证。此外,本研究扩增了2A5A2F4D7杂交瘤细胞的抗体基因,制备了scFv,并且将scFv和猫IgG1恒定区相连,制备出猫源化嵌合单链抗体,但是,scFv和scFc-fFc是否具备结合PD-L1的特性以及通过阻断PD-1与PD-L1的结合而实现治疗犬猫肿瘤,也需要进一步在临床上开展试验。
目前单链抗体常用的表达系统有:细菌、酵母、动物细胞(昆虫细胞、CHO细胞等),本试验采用昆虫杆状病毒表达系统进行scFv和scFc-fFc的表达,在表达过程中,由于采取的是贴壁培养,所以表达量不大,经纯化后蛋白浓度为0.05 mg·mL-1,后续拟采取悬浮培养,进行大量表达。
本研究制备的猫PD-L1单克隆抗体,在IHC中能识别犬、猫肿瘤组织中PD-L1的表达情况,通过对已鉴定为肿瘤的组织进行IHC验证,表明PD-L1的表达与肿瘤的恶性程度之间有一定的相关性,可以应用于犬猫肿瘤的诊疗中。
  • 江苏省农科科技自主创新项目(CX(20)2012-1)
  • 江苏省优势学科第四期(2021)
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2026年第57卷第1期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.035
  • 接收时间:2024-10-25
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-01-23
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-25
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江苏省农科科技自主创新项目(CX(20)2012-1)
江苏省优势学科第四期(2021)
作者信息
    1.扬州大学兽医学院,扬州 225009
    2.江苏省动物重要疫病与人兽共患病防控协同创新中心,扬州 225009

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刘文博,主要从事动物疫病防控与兽医流行病学研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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