Article(id=1307007575359250732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1749398400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789544488992, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1769097600000, pubDateStr=2026-01-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789544488992, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789544488992, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789544488992, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307007396681900041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='568', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769097600000', pubDateStr='2026-01-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789544446392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609890784, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281890638057732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281890738721029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=136, endPage=145, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307007576017756461, articleId=1307007575359250732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Mining of Host Gene Loci Affecting the Apparent Digestibility of Crude Fiber in Suhuai Pigs, columnId=1307007413870158054, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, the objective of this study was to explore the functional candidate genes affecting the apparent digestibility of crude fiber in Suhuai pigs (25% of Suhuai pigs and 75% of Large White pigs), so as to lay the foundation for the analysis of the genetic mechanism of the apparent digestibility of crude fiber in pigs. A total of 320 160-day-old Sohuai pigs were selected for the study, and the apparent digestibility was calculated by measuring the crude fiber content of feed and feces. At the same time, ear tissue samples were collected for 80K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray typing, and 51 625 SNPs were retained after quality control, based on which the heritability was calculated and the microarray data were populated to the resequencing level. Subsequently, genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted based on the populated data, and Bayesian fine-tuning method was used for in-depth analysis. The results showed that the apparent digestibility of crude fiber in this population was 54.30%±1.03%, and the coefficient of variation was 33.87%, which showed a large phenotypic variation and certain space for selection and breeding. The heritability was calculated as 0.268±0.106 (P=0.012), which is a medium heritability trait. GWAS (genome-wide association study) analysis identified 359 SNPs on chromosomes 4, 5, and 9 that were significantly associated with crude fiber apparent digestibility (P<3.30×10-6). Three quantitative trait loci (QTL) region were identified by Bayesian fine localization on chromosome 4 (11.48-12.75 Mb), chromosome 5 (83.39-84.86 Mb), and chromosome 9 (18.81-19.68 Mb). After comparison with the Pig QTL database, all of them were newly discovered QTL affecting the apparent digestibility of crude fiber in pigs. Six new functional candidate genes, MYC, ANO4, NR1H4,ACTR6, SCYL2 and DLG2, were identified through database and literature search, and PheWAS analysis of the candidate genes using the PigBiobank database of the FarmGTEx project showed that these genes were associated with daily weight gain, meat color and health of pigs. PheWAS analysis using the PigBiobank database of the FarmGTEx program revealed that these genes were significantly associated with the traits of daily weight gain, meat color and health. In this study, 3 QTLs and 6 functional candidate genes affecting crude fiber digestion in pigs were newly identified, which can be used as a reference for the study of genetic molecular mechanism and the implementation of molecular breeding for the trait of apparent digestibility of fiber.

, authors=Liming XU1, Cong ZHANG1, Dun WEN1, Zhaoxi RAO2, Yun HAO1, Junyi LIU1, Taoran DU1, Wenqiang WANG3, Qiang LI4, Pinghua LI1, 3, Ruihua HUANG1, 3, authorsList=Liming XU, Cong ZHANG, Dun WEN, Zhaoxi RAO, Yun HAO, Junyi LIU, Taoran DU, Wenqiang WANG, Qiang LI, Pinghua LI, Ruihua HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Pinghua LI, Ruihua HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
HUANG Ruihua, E-mail:
LI Pinghua, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307007579918459193, articleId=1307007575359250732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=CN, title=影响苏淮猪粗纤维表观消化率的宿主基因挖掘, columnId=1307007414092456168, journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, columnName=遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

旨在挖掘影响苏淮猪(25%淮猪血统和75%大白猪血统)粗纤维表观消化率的功能候选基因,为解析猪粗纤维表观消化率的遗传机制奠定基础。本研究选取320头160日龄苏淮猪作为试验对象,通过测定饲料与粪便的粗纤维含量计算表观消化率。同时采集耳组织样品进行80K单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)芯片分型,经质控后保留51 625个SNPs,基于芯片数据计算遗传力,并将芯片数据填充至重测序水平。随后基于填充数据开展全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS),并利用贝叶斯精细定位方法进行深入分析。结果表明,该群体粗纤维表观消化率为54.30%±1.03%,变异系数为33.87%,表型变异较大,具有一定的选育空间。遗传力计算结果为0.268±0.106(P=0.012),属于中等遗传力性状。GWAS分析在4号、5号和9号染色体上鉴别到359个与粗纤维表观消化率显著相关的SNPs(P<3.30×10-6)。贝叶斯精细定位确定了3个数量性状基因座(quantitative trait locus,QTL)区间,分别位于4号染色体11.48~12.75 Mb、5号染色体83.39~84.86 Mb和9号染色体18.81~19.68 Mb,经与Pig QTL数据库比对,均为新发现的影响猪粗纤维表观消化率的QTL。进一步通过数据库与文献检索确定了6个功能候选基因MYC、ANO4、NR1H4、ACTR6、SCYL2和DLG2。利用FarmGTEx项目的PigBiobank数据库对候选基因进行 PheWAS分析,发现这些基因与猪的日增重、肉色及健康等性状显著相关。本研究新发现了3个影响猪粗纤维消化的QTL以及6个功能候选基因,为纤维表观消化率性状的遗传分子机制研究和分子育种提供了前期基础。

, authors=许黎明1, 张聪1, 温墩1, 饶肇玺2, 郝韵1, 刘俊逸1, 杜陶然1, 王文强3, 李强4, 李平华1, 3, 黄瑞华1, 3, authorsList=许黎明, 张聪, 温墩, 饶肇玺, 郝韵, 刘俊逸, 杜陶然, 王文强, 李强, 李平华, 黄瑞华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李平华, 黄瑞华, authorNote=

许黎明,博士生,主要从事猪肠道健康与遗传育种研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
黄瑞华,主要从事猪健康生产学与遗传育种研究,E-mail:
李平华,主要从事猪肠道健康与遗传育种研究,E-mail:
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articleId=1307007575359250732, language=CN, label=图1, caption=以粗纤维表观消化率性为表型的曼哈顿图(A)和QQ图(B), figureFileSmall=rTCicFQCcLQjT/yul9ZstQ==, figureFileBig=wD2QtoPkMqrGGT+OAxL+0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286453902406332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007575359250732, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The position of QTLs on chromosome 4 (A), chromosome 5 (B), chromosome 9 (C) affecting the apparent digestibility traits of crude fiber, figureFileSmall=v02wM2WCcuS/iMAaP4RReA==, figureFileBig=gJojb2u/QMCshXO+2yAlvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286453977903805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007575359250732, language=CN, label=图2, caption=影响粗纤维表观消化率性状的QTLs在4号(A)、5号(B)、9号染色体(C)上的位置, figureFileSmall=v02wM2WCcuS/iMAaP4RReA==, figureFileBig=gJojb2u/QMCshXO+2yAlvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286454045012670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007575359250732, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=PheWAS scatter plots of functional candidate genes SCYL2 (A), MYC (B), NR1H4 (C), DLG2 (D), ACTR6 (E), ANO4 (F), figureFileSmall=r645vm7BPPlPkx7QFIG6Dg==, figureFileBig=P5StRIYbFqMCGNDOPZChGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286454116315839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007575359250732, language=CN, label=图3, caption=功能候选基因SCYL2(A)、MYC(B)、NR1H4(C)、DLG2(D)、ACTR6(E)、ANO4(F)的PheWAS散点图, figureFileSmall=r645vm7BPPlPkx7QFIG6Dg==, figureFileBig=P5StRIYbFqMCGNDOPZChGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286454309253824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007575359250732, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Description and statistics of apparent digestibility traits of crude fiber in Suhuai pigs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

性状

Trait

个体数

Number of individuals

最小值/%

Minimumvalue

最大值/%

Maximumvalue

均值±标准误/%

Mean±Standarderror

变异系数/%

Coefficient of variation

粗纤维表观消化率

Apparent digestibility of crude fiber

32011.1384.6454.30±1.0333.87
), ArticleFig(id=1307286454397334209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007575359250732, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

苏淮猪粗纤维表观消化率性状的描述统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

性状

Trait

个体数

Number of individuals

最小值/%

Minimumvalue

最大值/%

Maximumvalue

均值±标准误/%

Mean±Standarderror

变异系数/%

Coefficient of variation

粗纤维表观消化率

Apparent digestibility of crude fiber

32011.1384.6454.30±1.0333.87
), ArticleFig(id=1307286454464443074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007575359250732, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

QTLs and functional candidate genes affecting the apparent digestibility of crude fiber of pig

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
染色体Chromosome

QTL置信区间/Mb

QTL confidence interval

候选基因

Candidate gene

功能候选基因的主要功能

Function of candidate genes

411.48~12.75MYCMYC:通过调节细胞的能量代谢和生物合成过程,间接影响膳食纤维的消化代谢
583.39~84.86

ANO4、NR1H4、ACTR6、

SCYL2、GAS2L3、SLC17A8、UHRF1BP1L、ANKS1B、

ANO4:在细胞信号传导和离子平衡调节方面的功能可能对维持消化道细胞的正常生理功能有一定影响,从而间接影响膳食纤维的消化代谢过程;

NR1H4:可能通过调节胆汁酸的代谢间接影响膳食纤维的消化代谢过程;

ACTR6:参与细胞内的多种生物学过程,可能对消化道中与膳食纤维代谢相关的基因表达有一定的影响;

SCYL2:在Wnt信号通路中的作用可能影响肠道细胞的分化和功能,从而间接影响膳食纤维的消化代谢

918.81~19.68DLG2、CREBZF、CCDC83、HIKESA、CCDC89、TMEM126B、PICALM、TMEM126A、EEDDLG2:可能通过维持细胞的正常结构和功能进而促进纤维消化
), ArticleFig(id=1307286454728684227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007575359250732, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

影响猪粗纤维表观消化率的QTLs及功能候选基因

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
染色体Chromosome

QTL置信区间/Mb

QTL confidence interval

候选基因

Candidate gene

功能候选基因的主要功能

Function of candidate genes

411.48~12.75MYCMYC:通过调节细胞的能量代谢和生物合成过程,间接影响膳食纤维的消化代谢
583.39~84.86

ANO4、NR1H4、ACTR6、

SCYL2、GAS2L3、SLC17A8、UHRF1BP1L、ANKS1B、

ANO4:在细胞信号传导和离子平衡调节方面的功能可能对维持消化道细胞的正常生理功能有一定影响,从而间接影响膳食纤维的消化代谢过程;

NR1H4:可能通过调节胆汁酸的代谢间接影响膳食纤维的消化代谢过程;

ACTR6:参与细胞内的多种生物学过程,可能对消化道中与膳食纤维代谢相关的基因表达有一定的影响;

SCYL2:在Wnt信号通路中的作用可能影响肠道细胞的分化和功能,从而间接影响膳食纤维的消化代谢

918.81~19.68DLG2、CREBZF、CCDC83、HIKESA、CCDC89、TMEM126B、PICALM、TMEM126A、EEDDLG2:可能通过维持细胞的正常结构和功能进而促进纤维消化
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影响苏淮猪粗纤维表观消化率的宿主基因挖掘
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许黎明 1 , 张聪 1 , 温墩 1 , 饶肇玺 2 , 郝韵 1 , 刘俊逸 1 , 杜陶然 1 , 王文强 3 , 李强 4 , 李平华 1, 3 , 黄瑞华 1, 3
畜牧兽医学报 | 遗传育种 2026,57(1): 136-145
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畜牧兽医学报 |遗传育种 2026 , 57 (1) : 136 -145
影响苏淮猪粗纤维表观消化率的宿主基因挖掘
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许黎明1 , 张聪1, 温墩1, 饶肇玺2, 郝韵1, 刘俊逸1, 杜陶然1, 王文强3, 李强4, 李平华1, 3 , 黄瑞华1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.南京农业大学养猪研究所(农业农村部遗传资源(猪)评价与利用重点实验室(南京)),南京 210095
  • 2.南京农业大学生命科学学院,南京 210095
  • 3.南京农业大学淮安研究院,淮安 223005
  • 4.淮安市淮阴新淮种猪场,淮安 223322
通讯作者:
黄瑞华,主要从事猪健康生产学与遗传育种研究,E-mail:
李平华,主要从事猪肠道健康与遗传育种研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

许黎明,博士生,主要从事猪肠道健康与遗传育种研究,E-mail:

Mining of Host Gene Loci Affecting the Apparent Digestibility of Crude Fiber in Suhuai Pigs
Liming XU1 , Cong ZHANG1, Dun WEN1, Zhaoxi RAO2, Yun HAO1, Junyi LIU1, Taoran DU1, Wenqiang WANG3, Qiang LI4, Pinghua LI1, 3 , Ruihua HUANG1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Swine Science,Nanjing Agricultural University(Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Nanjing)),Nanjing 210095,China
  • 2.College of Life Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China
  • 3.Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University,Huaian 223005,China
  • 4.Huaiyin Xinhuai Pig Breeding Farm of Huai’an City,Huaian 223322,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    HUANG Ruihua, E-mail:
    LI Pinghua, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.012
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旨在挖掘影响苏淮猪(25%淮猪血统和75%大白猪血统)粗纤维表观消化率的功能候选基因,为解析猪粗纤维表观消化率的遗传机制奠定基础。本研究选取320头160日龄苏淮猪作为试验对象,通过测定饲料与粪便的粗纤维含量计算表观消化率。同时采集耳组织样品进行80K单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)芯片分型,经质控后保留51 625个SNPs,基于芯片数据计算遗传力,并将芯片数据填充至重测序水平。随后基于填充数据开展全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS),并利用贝叶斯精细定位方法进行深入分析。结果表明,该群体粗纤维表观消化率为54.30%±1.03%,变异系数为33.87%,表型变异较大,具有一定的选育空间。遗传力计算结果为0.268±0.106(P=0.012),属于中等遗传力性状。GWAS分析在4号、5号和9号染色体上鉴别到359个与粗纤维表观消化率显著相关的SNPs(P<3.30×10-6)。贝叶斯精细定位确定了3个数量性状基因座(quantitative trait locus,QTL)区间,分别位于4号染色体11.48~12.75 Mb、5号染色体83.39~84.86 Mb和9号染色体18.81~19.68 Mb,经与Pig QTL数据库比对,均为新发现的影响猪粗纤维表观消化率的QTL。进一步通过数据库与文献检索确定了6个功能候选基因MYC、ANO4、NR1H4、ACTR6、SCYL2和DLG2。利用FarmGTEx项目的PigBiobank数据库对候选基因进行 PheWAS分析,发现这些基因与猪的日增重、肉色及健康等性状显著相关。本研究新发现了3个影响猪粗纤维消化的QTL以及6个功能候选基因,为纤维表观消化率性状的遗传分子机制研究和分子育种提供了前期基础。

猪  /  粗纤维表观消化率  /  基因  /  QTL

In this study, the objective of this study was to explore the functional candidate genes affecting the apparent digestibility of crude fiber in Suhuai pigs (25% of Suhuai pigs and 75% of Large White pigs), so as to lay the foundation for the analysis of the genetic mechanism of the apparent digestibility of crude fiber in pigs. A total of 320 160-day-old Sohuai pigs were selected for the study, and the apparent digestibility was calculated by measuring the crude fiber content of feed and feces. At the same time, ear tissue samples were collected for 80K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray typing, and 51 625 SNPs were retained after quality control, based on which the heritability was calculated and the microarray data were populated to the resequencing level. Subsequently, genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted based on the populated data, and Bayesian fine-tuning method was used for in-depth analysis. The results showed that the apparent digestibility of crude fiber in this population was 54.30%±1.03%, and the coefficient of variation was 33.87%, which showed a large phenotypic variation and certain space for selection and breeding. The heritability was calculated as 0.268±0.106 (P=0.012), which is a medium heritability trait. GWAS (genome-wide association study) analysis identified 359 SNPs on chromosomes 4, 5, and 9 that were significantly associated with crude fiber apparent digestibility (P<3.30×10-6). Three quantitative trait loci (QTL) region were identified by Bayesian fine localization on chromosome 4 (11.48-12.75 Mb), chromosome 5 (83.39-84.86 Mb), and chromosome 9 (18.81-19.68 Mb). After comparison with the Pig QTL database, all of them were newly discovered QTL affecting the apparent digestibility of crude fiber in pigs. Six new functional candidate genes, MYC, ANO4, NR1H4,ACTR6, SCYL2 and DLG2, were identified through database and literature search, and PheWAS analysis of the candidate genes using the PigBiobank database of the FarmGTEx project showed that these genes were associated with daily weight gain, meat color and health of pigs. PheWAS analysis using the PigBiobank database of the FarmGTEx program revealed that these genes were significantly associated with the traits of daily weight gain, meat color and health. In this study, 3 QTLs and 6 functional candidate genes affecting crude fiber digestion in pigs were newly identified, which can be used as a reference for the study of genetic molecular mechanism and the implementation of molecular breeding for the trait of apparent digestibility of fiber.

pig  /  crude fiber apparent digestibility  /  gene  /  quantitative trait loci
许黎明, 张聪, 温墩, 饶肇玺, 郝韵, 刘俊逸, 杜陶然, 王文强, 李强, 李平华, 黄瑞华. 影响苏淮猪粗纤维表观消化率的宿主基因挖掘. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (1) : 136 -145 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.012
Liming XU, Cong ZHANG, Dun WEN, Zhaoxi RAO, Yun HAO, Junyi LIU, Taoran DU, Wenqiang WANG, Qiang LI, Pinghua LI, Ruihua HUANG. Mining of Host Gene Loci Affecting the Apparent Digestibility of Crude Fiber in Suhuai Pigs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (1) : 136 -145 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.012
作为全球生猪养殖规模最大的国家,我国瘦肉型猪种养殖占据主导地位[1]。这类猪种对纤维的消化能力较弱,且依赖玉米-豆粕作为主要饲粮,使得我国不得不大量进口玉米和豆粕以满足养殖需求。与此同时,我国米糠、麸皮、酒糟等非常规饲料资源储备丰富,但由于其纤维含量较高[2],难以在瘦肉型猪种的饲粮中得到充分利用。由此可见,提高猪种对粗纤维的消化能力以减少饲粮中玉米-豆粕的使用占比,是落实粮食安全国家战略、保障国内粮食供应稳定的核心突破口。
苏淮猪作为培育的猪种,凭借其卓越的耐粗饲特性,展现出在纤维饲料利用方面的独特优势[3⁃4]。它具有25%的淮猪血统与75%的大白猪血统[5],在遗传上巧妙地兼具了父本大白猪生长速度快、瘦肉率高的显著优势,同时继承了中国地方淮猪耐粗饲、肉质鲜美的优良特性[6]。这种独特的遗传组合,使苏淮猪在应对饲料资源短缺问题时展现出较大的潜力。苏淮猪作为解决当前饲料资源短缺问题的潜在良种,为猪种改良和分子育种提供了新的思路。粗纤维是畜禽体内不可或缺的营养元素之一[7⁃8]。饲料中粗纤维是指饲料经过沸腾的稀酸和稀碱溶液分别洗涤后残留的不溶物质,其中以纤维素为主,还有部分半纤维素和木质素及少量的酸碱不溶性灰分[9]。粗纤维消化率是衡量动物对纤维饲料消化能力的重要指标,其与动物的生长性能、饲料转化率及健康状态密切相关[3]。在猪的饲养过程中,粗纤维的消化率直接影响饲料的利用效率和养殖成本。然而,调控苏淮猪粗纤维表观消化率的关键基因及突变位点尚不清楚。因此,深入挖掘苏淮猪粗纤维消化的关键基因和突变位点,不仅对提高苏淮猪的生产效益具有重要意义,还能为其他猪种的粗纤维消化能力改良提供理论依据。
本研究基于全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)和贝叶斯精细定位的方法,鉴别影响苏淮猪粗纤维表观消化率的关键QTL和功能候选基因。对鉴别出的关键候选基因进行表型组关联分析(phenome-wide association study,PheWAS)以验证其功能,旨在为提升猪粗纤维利用率选育及缓解人畜争粮问题提供理论参考。
本研究于江苏省淮安市淮阴种猪场开展试验,以320头160日龄的健康苏淮猪为研究对象,并在统一饲养管理条件下进行限饲管理,每日分早晚两时段(08:00与15:00)定时投喂,并保障全天自由饮水。猪只的饲养管理遵循标准化的养殖方案。本试验方案严格遵循南京农业大学实验动物福利与伦理委员会规范执行(许可证号:SYXK(苏)2022-0031)。
在试验猪160日龄时采集粪便消化率样品、耳组织样品和饲料样品。并详细记录采样批次、栏舍等信息。所有粪便样本采集后立即冷藏,便于后续进行干燥、研磨和分析。以CF表观消化率为衡量苏淮猪粗纤维消化能力的指标,采用ANKOM 200i半自动纤维分析仪进行测定,利用酸不溶灰分的方法计算出粗纤维表观消化率。并以该性状为表型进行后续的GWAS。
首先,计算饲料及粪便中的粗纤维含量,通常使用滤袋法进行测量。粗纤维计算公式为:
CF(%)=(m2-(m1×C1))*100/m
其中,m1为滤袋质量;m为样品质量;m2为洗后样品残渣+滤袋质量;C1为空白袋子校正系数(烘干后质量/原来质量)。
其次,测定饲料及粪便中酸不溶灰分(AIA)含量,以计算粗纤维表观消化率:
CADD(%)=100*(1-(DCF*AIAD)/(DCD*AIAF))
其中,CADD为日粮中某成分的表观消化率;DCF为粪便中某成分的含量;AIAD为日粮中AIA的含量;DCD为日粮某成分的含量;AIAF为粪便中AIA的含量。
最后,将所得的数据进行收集整理。
本研究群体的原始基因组数据来自团队前期已发表文献[10]。所有试验个体的耳组织样本使用组织基因组DNA提取试剂盒(天根)进行基因组DNA提取[11]。提取后的DNA样品经NanoDrop 2000定量,确保浓度在50~100 ng·μL-1之间且OD260nm/OD280 nm比值在1.8~2.0之间,并通过2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证其完整性。随后,提取的DNA样本使用Neogen® GGP Porcine 80K SNP芯片在Illumina HiScanSQ平台上进行标准化基因分型。获得的SNP基因型数据通过PLINK软件进行质量控制[12],过滤掉检出率小于0.9和最小等位基因频率(minor Allele Frequency,MAF)小于0.05的位点,最终保留51 625个高质量SNPs用于后续分析。采用HIBLUP软件计算粗纤维表观消化率表型遗传力。基于芯片数据进行遗传参数估计,遗传力估计模型如下:
y=Xa+Zg+e
y为表型向量;a为固定效应向量(考虑采样批次、栏舍);g为加性遗传效应向量,g满足g~N(0,GσA2),其中G为基于SNP构建个体之间的基因组亲缘关系矩阵,σA2表示加性遗传效应的方差,e为随机残差,e~(0,Iσe2),I为单位矩阵,Iσe2表示残差的方差;X和Z表示a和b的关联矩阵。
利用GWAS鉴别与苏淮猪粗纤维消化率显著相关的SNPs。考虑到使用SNP芯片数据鉴定影响性状的关联位点能力有限,本研究还整合了来自PigGTEX项目的1 602头猪重测序数据与本团队60头苏淮猪重测序数据,构建了包含1 662头个体的参考群体。原始数据中,PigGTEX群体包含42 523 218个SNPs,苏淮猪群体包含22 596 602个SNPs,通过SNPs位点交集分析、数据合并及严格质控后,最终获得17 833 675个高质量SNPs。借助Beagle软件,对缺失的基因型数据进行填充[13]。基于填充后的SNPs开展该群体的GWAS。同时,为确保遗传标记的可靠性和信息量,对数据进行了严格的质量控制,设定DR2(数据填充质量)大于0.9以及最小等位基因频率(MAF)大于0.05作为过滤标准,以筛选出高质量的遗传标记用于后续分析。
基于填充后数据,利用LDAK软件的单SNP标记的一般线性混合模型对粗纤维表观消化率性状进行GWAS,统计模型如下:
y=Xb+Zu+g+e
其中y为粗纤维表观消化率表型值;X为b的关联矩阵,b代表固定效应(考虑采样批次、栏舍);u为SNP固定效应,Z为u的关联矩阵;g为随机加性效应向量,g满足g~N(0,Kσg2),其中K为基于SNP构建个体之间的基因组亲缘关系矩阵;e为随机残差,服从(0,Iσe2)的正态分布。
为了进一步精确定位与粗纤维表观消化率相关的QTL,本研究使用贝叶斯精细定位方法。贝叶斯方法在多重假设检验中能够提供更准确的置信区间,并能在多个候选SNPs中识别最有可能与表型相关的基因位点。将lead SNP上、下游1 Mb范围的显著与性状相关的SNPs作为候选变异集,使用贝叶斯方法来确定QTL的置信区间。并将贝叶斯精细定位确定的QTL与Pig QTL数据库进行比较,以确定新发现的QTL。
基于GWAS和贝叶斯精细定位的结果,本研究筛选出多个与粗纤维消化率显著相关的数量性状位点(QTL)。随后,通过PubMed(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)检索相关基因研究的文献,并利用GeneCards在线数据库(https://www.genecards.org/)对这些基因的生物学功能进行搜索和分析,以筛选相关功能候选基因。此外,本研究还基于FarmGTEx项目的PigBiobank数据库资源(https://pigbiobank.farmgtex.org/)对筛选出的功能候选基因进行了表型关联分析(PheWAS),以进一步验证这些基因的功能。
该群体粗纤维表观消化率平均值为54.30%,变异系数为33.87%,具有较大的表型变异(表1),有利于基于基因组信息挖掘影响粗纤维表观消化率的重要位点。利用HIBLUP软件对该群体粗纤维表观消化率表型进行遗传参数估计,遗传力为0.268±0.106(P=0.012)。
320头苏淮猪填充数据质控后剩余17 833 675个SNPs。基于填充数据进行GWAS,结果显示在SSC4、SSC5和SSC9上共发现359个与粗纤维表观消化率显著相关的SNPs,SSC4上最显著位点解释了5.75%的表型变异,SSC5上最显著位点解释了5.37%的表型变异,SSC9上最显著位点解释了5.48%的表型变异。GWAS的λ值为1.004,不存在假阳性信号过度膨胀(图1)。
利用填充数据GWAS的Z检验统计量和SNPs之间的LD信息,使用CAVIARBF软件,确定QTL 95%的置信区间,将贝叶斯精细定位确定的QTL与Pig QTL数据库进行比对,确定了3个新发现影响粗纤维表观消化率性状的QTL,分别位于4号染色体11.48~12.75 Mb、5号染色体83.39~84.86 Mb以及9号染色体18.81~19.68 Mb(图2)。
通过在线数据库中查询QTL区间内基因的生物学功能信息,并对相关基因研究的文献进行检索,来确定影响性状的功能候选基因。通过比对Pig QTL数据库,鉴定出3个影响粗纤维表观消化率的新QTL区域。通过查阅相关基因的文献和检索在线数据库(表2),发现MYC可能通过能量代谢调节间接影响纤维消化;ANO4通过钙离子平衡与信号传导维持消化道功能;NR1H4介导胆汁酸代谢调控;ACTR6可能对消化道中与膳食纤维代谢相关的基因表达有一定的影响;SCYL2通过Wnt通路调节肠道分化;DLG2则参与细胞极性维持以促进消化过程。这些基因可能通过代谢调控、信号传导及细胞结构维持等机制共同影响膳食纤维消化。
为进一步验证鉴别出的6个功能候选基因,利用FarmGTEx项目中的PigBiobank数据库对筛选出的关键候选基因进行PheWAS,结果显示6个候选基因主要与生产(日增重等)、肉质(肉色等)、健康等相关性状显著关联。这一现象说明调控粗纤维消化率的基因还可能调控其他表型。PheWAS结果显示,SCYL2基因与肉质性状、屠宰性能、生产效率和繁殖性能均存在显著关联,而MYC基因则主要影响肉质和屠宰性状;此外,NR1H4、ACTR6和ANO4三个基因均与健康性状存在显著相关,DLG2基因则显著影响繁殖性状。
中国地方猪种在长期自然选择和粗放饲养条件下形成了独特的耐粗饲特性,其高纤维饲料利用能力和抗逆性成为研究热点。苏淮猪是采用群体选育技术培育的优质猪种,75%的大白猪血统使其具备生长快、瘦肉率高的特点,25%的淮猪血统则保留了耐粗饲、适应性强和肉质优的特性。近年来,围绕耐粗饲的遗传机制、肠道微生物互作及营养调控等方面取得了重要进展。已有大量文献报道不同猪种利用纤维的能力存在差异,例如中国的地方猪种[14⁃15]被发现与现代高度商业化的瘦肉型猪种相比均表现出更强的粗纤维消化能力;韩萍萍等[16]的研究发现,日粮脱脂米糠水平对苏淮育肥猪的胴体性状无显著影响,而适当提高日粮中脱脂米糠的比例,能够有效减少苏淮猪肉的滴水损失和剪切力,从而显著提升其肉质品质[17],该研究也暗示了纤维消化量与肉质之间存在潜在的联系。张叶秋[18]的试验表明,采用34.8%米糠替代玉米的日粮对苏淮猪营养代谢及生产性能无显著影响。这一品种在我国养猪业中具有重要的研究和应用潜力,具有重要的研究和应用价值。
本研究中,该群体粗纤维表观消化率为54.30%±1.03%,这一结果高于放牧饲养的150日龄藏猪和杜长大三元猪粗纤维表观消化率[19],展现出该群体对粗纤维消化利用的潜力。王诚等[20]研究发现,莱芜猪对中性洗涤纤维的消化率达51.44%[20],显著高于大约克猪(43.51%),且其杂交后代纤维消化率随莱芜猪血统比例降低而递减。这提示耐粗饲性状可能与特定基因型相关。苏淮猪等其肠道微生物组成、消化酶活性等生理机制可能已通过长期自然选择形成适应性特征[21]。该群体表型变异系数为33.87%,存在较大表型变异也暗示该群体具有较大的粗纤维表观消化率选育空间,有利于后续分子选育工作的开展。该群体粗纤维表观消化率的遗传力为0.268±0.106,属于中等遗传力。目前尚未有文献报道该性状的遗传力,但这一结果与Déru等[22]通过不同日粮水平估算的能量、有机质和氮的消化系数遗传力基本一致。而与Yin等[23]对中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率遗传力估计存在差异,可能是由于粗纤维与中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的化学组成不同,并且两者之间测定方法也存在差异。
为了确定影响该性状的QTL置信区间,对影响苏淮猪粗纤维表观消化率的QTL进行贝叶斯精细定位,定位到QTL的95%置信区间分别为4号染色体(11.48~12.75 Mb)、5号染色体(83.39~84.86 Mb)和9号染色体(18.81~19.68 Mb)。通过比对Pig QTL数据库,这3个QTLs均为影响粗纤维表观消化率的新发现的QTLs区域。为确定影响该性状的功能候选基因,本研究探究了这些QTLs区间的相关基因。MYC在细胞代谢中发挥重要作用,可能通过调节细胞的能量代谢和生物合成过程,间接影响膳食纤维的消化代谢[24]。ANO4编码的蛋白具有钙依赖性磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰胆碱和半乳糖神经酰胺的翻转酶活性,参与多种生理过程,如调节细胞内钙离子平衡、影响细胞的兴奋性和信号传导[25]等。其在细胞信号传导和离子平衡调节方面的功能可能对维持消化道细胞的正常生理功能有一定影响,从而间接影响膳食纤维的消化代谢过程。NR1H4作为胆汁酸的受体,当与胆汁酸结合时,调节参与胆汁酸合成和转运基因的表达[26]。NR1H4可能通过调节胆汁酸的代谢间接影响膳食纤维的消化代谢过程。ACTR6参与细胞内的多种生物学过程[27],可能对消化道中与膳食纤维代谢相关的基因表达有一定的影响。SCYL2在Wnt信号通路中的作用可能影响肠道细胞的分化和功能,从而间接影响膳食纤维的消化代谢[28]。DLG2基因参与多种细胞过程,包括细胞极性、细胞间连接的形成和维持以及信号转导[29],在消化道细胞中,DLG2可能通过维持细胞的正常结构和功能进而促进纤维消化。
PheWAS是一种通过分析基因变异与多种表型,如健康、日增重等的关联性,探索基因多效性的研究方法[30]。由于对纤维表观消化率表型的GWAS研究极少,因此在开展PheWAS分析时很难关联到纤维表观消化率性状。但据PheWAS结果显示(图3),DLG2基因与繁殖表型之间具有显著相关性。张虎等[31]的研究表明,适当提高日粮中粗纤维水平可以降低妊娠母猪背膘厚度的损失,减少哺乳期间母猪体重的流失,增加母猪的产仔数及断奶仔猪数,缩短再发情时间,提高母猪的繁殖性能。NR1H4、ANO4和ACTR6基因与健康相关的表型有显著相关性。血清免疫球蛋白是体液免疫的主要组成部分,是反映机体免疫功能的重要指标,包括IgG、IgA、IgM、IgD和IgE[32]。Shang等[33]的研究也报道,基础日粮中添加麦麸显著增加了猪血清中IgG、IgA和IgM的浓度。He等[34]的研究表明,在日粮中补充发酵麦麸可显著提高生长育肥猪血清IgM和IgG的水平。暗示粗纤维与动物的免疫系统存在相关性,在饲料中添加一定量的粗纤维能够对动物机体的免疫起到显著效果。MYC和SCYL2基因显著影响肉质与胴体性状。在饲粮中添加适宜的粗纤维可为动物提供能量,影响生长发育,改变肠道菌群结构,增加挥发性脂肪酸的含量,促进肠道发育,改善胴体性状和肉品质[35⁃37]。
苏淮猪粗纤维表观消化率具有中等遗传力。通过GWAS在4、5和9号染色体鉴定出359个显著关联SNPs,其中两个显著位点分别解释了5.75%和5.48%表型变异,通过贝叶斯精细定位确定了3个影响苏淮猪粗纤维表观消化率的QTL区间。筛选出6个影响苏淮猪粗纤维表观消化率的功能候选基因:MYC、ANO4、NR1H4、ACTR6、SCYL2和DLG2。本研究为解析猪纤维表观消化率性状的遗传分子机制和分子育种实施提供了前期基础。
  • 江苏省农业科学自主创新资金项目(CX(20)1003)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFD13011503)
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.012
  • 接收时间:2025-06-09
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-01-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-09
基金
江苏省农业科学自主创新资金项目(CX(20)1003)
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD13011503)
作者信息
    1.南京农业大学养猪研究所(农业农村部遗传资源(猪)评价与利用重点实验室(南京)),南京 210095
    2.南京农业大学生命科学学院,南京 210095
    3.南京农业大学淮安研究院,淮安 223005
    4.淮安市淮阴新淮种猪场,淮安 223322

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黄瑞华,主要从事猪健康生产学与遗传育种研究,E-mail:
李平华,主要从事猪肠道健康与遗传育种研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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