Article(id=1307007413702385893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1749139200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789544450449, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1769097600000, pubDateStr=2026-01-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789544450449, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789544450449, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789544450449, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307007396681900041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='568', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769097600000', pubDateStr='2026-01-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789544446392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609890784, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281890638057732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281890738721029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=120, endPage=135, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307007413954044135, articleId=1307007413702385893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Comparative Study on Production Performance, Meat Quality Traits and Serum Biochemical Indicators between Yushan Black Pig and Its Different Cross Combinations, columnId=1307007413870158054, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of production performance, meat quality traits and serum biochemical indicators between Yushan black pigs and its two-way cross pigs, and provide the reference for the hybrid utilization of Yushan black pig. In this study, the healthy Yushan black pigs and its two-way cross pigs were used and divided into 4 groups which included YY, DY, BY and SY with 3 replicates with 5 individuals per replicate. All of the experimental pigs were uniformly castrated and fattened with same body weight, the feed nutritional level and feeding management were consistent. When the pigs were raised until 250 days, each group selected 8 individuals (half castrated male and half castrated female) for slaughter, and serum was collected to detect biochemical indicators. The results showed that: 1) The average daily gain (ADG) of DY at the early fattening period was highest, the ADG of BY at the late fattening period was highest, the ADG of BY at the entire fattening period was the highest, and ADG of the 3 hybrid groups at the entire fattening period was significantly higher than that of YY group (P<0.01). 2) The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of YY at the early fattening period was significantly higher than that of DY (P<0.01) and BY (P<0.05), and the FCR of YY at the late fattening period was significantly higher than that of BY (P<0.01), the FCR of YY at the entire fattening period was the highest and BY was the lowest. 3) The ADG of BY at the late fattening period was higher than that at the early fattening period (P<0.05), while the ADG of other 3 groups were not different between the early fattening period and late fattening period (P>0.05). 4) The FCR of the 4 groups at the late fattening period were significantly higher than that at the early fattening period (P<0.05). 5) The slaughter performance of the 3 hybrid groups were significantly improved compared to the YY group. 6) The correlation analysis results found that, there was a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) between most slaughter traits and between slaughter traits and fattening traits, but there was a significant negative correlation (P<0.05) between ADG at early fattening period and fat percentage (P<0.05). 7) The intramuscular fat content of YY was significantly higher than that of BY and SY (P<0.01), the marbling score of DY was significantly higher than that of BY (P<0.05), the drip loss of SY was significantly higher than that of YY and DY (P<0.01), the shear force of BY was significantly higher than that of YY (P<0.01), and the cooked meat percentage of BY was significantly higher than that of SY (P<0.01). 8) There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the level of serum immune indicators, CAT, T-AOC and blood lipid indicators between YY group and 3 hybrid groups. However, the serum GSH-Px level of YY group was significantly lower than that in SY group (P<0.01), the serum MDA level was significantly higher than that in DY group (P<0.01), the serum SOD level was significantly higher than that in SY group (P<0.05), and the GLU level was significantly lower than that in BY (P<0.05) and SY (P<0.01) groups. In summary, the important production indicators such as growth and development traits, FCR and slaughter performance were significantly improved but the meat quality traits were decreased in these 3 hybrid groups compared to Yushan black pigs, while the immune and antioxidant ability were not significantly changed. The study results showed that, the DY and BY two-way cross combination were more suitable for the hybrid utilization of Yushan black pig.

, authors=Chenlong LIU1, Xiao DENG2, Ketuan LIN2, Mingchun WAN1, Wenqing YANG2, Fugui PENG2, Quanyong ZHOU1, Xiaoming ZHENG2, Meifang TAN1, Huayuan JI1, authorsList=Chenlong LIU, Xiao DENG, Ketuan LIN, Mingchun WAN, Wenqing YANG, Fugui PENG, Quanyong ZHOU, Xiaoming ZHENG, Meifang TAN, Huayuan JI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Huayuan JI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
JI Huayuan, E-mail:
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旨在研究玉山黑猪与其3个不同二元杂交组合个体在生产性能、肉质性状和血清生化指标上的差异,为玉山黑猪的杂交利用提供参考。本研究选择健康的玉山黑猪及其二元杂交猪为研究对象,试验分为玉山黑猪(YY)、杜玉(DY)、巴玉(BY)和山玉(SY)4个试验组,每个组3个重复,每个重复5头猪。所有试验猪只统一阉割处理,并在体重相近时进行育肥试验,饲料营养水平和饲养管理均一致。统一饲养至250 d时,每个试验组各选择8头(阉公母各半)进行屠宰测定,并采集分离血清,检测血清生化指标。结果表明:1)DY组育肥前期平均日增重(ADG)最大、BY组育肥后期ADG最大,BY组整个育肥期ADG最大,3个杂交组的育肥期ADG均极显著高于YY组(P<0.01)。2)YY组育肥前期料重比(FCR)显著高于DY组(P<0.01)和BY组(P<0.05)、育肥后期FCR极显著高于BY组(P<0.01),YY组整个育肥期FCR最高,BY组FCR最低。3)BY组育肥后期ADG显著高于育肥前期ADG(P<0.05),其余3组育肥前期和育肥后期ADG无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)4个试验组的育肥后期FCR均显著高于育肥前期FCR(P<0.05)。5)3个二元杂交组的屠宰性能相比于YY组均有极显著提升。6)相关性分析发现,大部分屠宰性状之间以及屠宰性状和育肥性状之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05),但育肥前期ADG和肥肉率呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。7)YY组的肌内脂肪含量极显著高于BY组和SY组(P<0.01),DY组的大理石纹评分显著高于BY组(P<0.05),SY组的滴水损失极显著高于YY组和DY组(P<0.01),BY组的剪切力极显著高于YY组(P<0.01),BY组的熟肉率极显著高于SY组(P<0.01)。8)YY组与3个二元杂交组血清中免疫指标、过氧化氢酶和总抗氧化能力的抗氧化指标以及血脂指标的水平无显著差异(P > 0.05),但谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平极显著低于SY组(P<0.01)、丙二醛水平极显著高于DY组(P<0.01)、超氧化物歧化酶水平显著高于SY组(P<0.05)以及血糖水平显著低于BY组(P<0.05)和SY组(P<0.01)。综上所述,3个二元杂交猪在生长发育、料重比和屠宰性能等重要生产指标上相比于纯种玉山黑猪均有显著提高,但肌肉品质有所下降,而免疫和抗氧化能力均未有显著改变。本研究结果表明,杜玉和巴玉二元杂交组合更适用于玉山黑猪的杂交利用。

, authors=刘晨龙1, 邓晓2, 林克团2, 万明春1, 杨文清2, 彭富贵2, 周泉勇1, 郑小明2, 谭美芳1, 季华员1, authorsList=刘晨龙, 邓晓, 林克团, 万明春, 杨文清, 彭富贵, 周泉勇, 郑小明, 谭美芳, 季华员, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=季华员, authorNote=

刘晨龙,副研究员,博士,主要从事畜禽遗传育种研究, Tel:0791-82728433,E-mail:

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季华员,主要从事生猪遗传育种研究,E-mail:
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articleId=1307007413702385893, language=CN, label=图4, caption=育肥后期ADG与生产性状相关性分析结果, figureFileSmall=yOT7FNW4TeqSfA2eYbrtKA==, figureFileBig=tiCRzUKuTpFTyoSyUWU3fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286422906495798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007413702385893, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The correlation analysis results of the carcass and organ traits between Yushan black pig and its hybrid pigs

In this figure, the red represents a significant positive correlation, and the blue represents a significant negative correlation (P<0.05); the darker the color, the bigger the correlation coefficient value. The blank cells represents insignificant correlation (P>0.05)

, figureFileSmall=3l2dGnXvoxwQ4432k387pA==, figureFileBig=t9HwudKhYNie9oIYRvHDXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286422981993271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007413702385893, language=CN, label=图5, caption=玉山黑猪及其杂交猪胴体性状与脏器性状相关性分析结果

图中红色表示显著正相关,蓝色表示显著负相关(P<0.05);颜色越深,相关系数值越大。空白单元格表示相关性不显著(P>0.05)

, figureFileSmall=3l2dGnXvoxwQ4432k387pA==, figureFileBig=t9HwudKhYNie9oIYRvHDXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307286423053296440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007413702385893, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison analysis results of the fattening performance between Yushan black pig and its hybrid pigs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Index

玉山黑猪(n=3)

YY (n=3)

杜玉(n=3)

DY (n=3)

巴玉(n=3)

BY (n=3)

山玉(n=3)

SY (n=3)

P-值

P-value

育肥前期增重/kgWeight gain of EFP141.07±7.37Bb190.00±2.14Aa183.80±2.50Aa176.60±2.53Aa1.59e-04
育肥前期ADG/kgThe ADG of EFP1.91±0.10Bb2.57±0.03Aa2.48±0.03Aa2.39±0.03Aa1.59e-04
育肥前期耗料量/kgThe feed consumption of EFP408.10±0.61Bc471.67±0.18Aa471.40±0.42Aab470.20±0.42Ab1.56e-13
育肥前期FCRThe FCR of EFP2.91±0.14Aa2.48±0.03Bb2.57±0.04ABb2.66±0.04ABab0.019 7
育肥后期增重/kgWeight gain of LFP222.93±3.99Bc259.67±5.72Bb316.13±4.97Aa253.73±16.98Bbc8.37e-04
育肥后期ADG/kgThe ADG of LFP2.01±0.04Bc2.34±0.05Bb2.85±0.04Aa2.29±0.15Bbc8.37e-04
育肥后期耗料量/kgThe feed consumption of LFP1 046.90±0.61Cd1 149.33±11.72ABb1 189.93±10.77Aa1 104.80±12.20Bc4.69e-05
育肥后期FCRThe FCR of LFP4.70±0.08Aa4.43±0.13ABa3.77±0.08Bb4.39±0.29ABa0.023 7
育肥期增重/kgWeight gain of FP364.00±4.13Cc449.67±7.03Bb499.93±2.79Aa430.33±15.42Bb3.48e-05
育肥期ADG/kgThe ADG of FP1.97±0.02Cc2.43±0.04Bb2.7±0.02Aa2.33±0.08Bb3.48e-05
育肥期耗料量/kgThe feed consumption of FP1 455.00±0.00Cd1 621.00±11.59ABb1 661.33±10.67Aa1 575.00±12.58Bc2.83e-06
育肥期FCR The FCR of FP4.00±0.04Aa3.61±0.08Bb3.32±0.03Bc3.67±0.12ABb0.001 7
), ArticleFig(id=1307286423149765433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007413702385893, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

玉山黑猪及其杂交猪育肥性能比较分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Index

玉山黑猪(n=3)

YY (n=3)

杜玉(n=3)

DY (n=3)

巴玉(n=3)

BY (n=3)

山玉(n=3)

SY (n=3)

P-值

P-value

育肥前期增重/kgWeight gain of EFP141.07±7.37Bb190.00±2.14Aa183.80±2.50Aa176.60±2.53Aa1.59e-04
育肥前期ADG/kgThe ADG of EFP1.91±0.10Bb2.57±0.03Aa2.48±0.03Aa2.39±0.03Aa1.59e-04
育肥前期耗料量/kgThe feed consumption of EFP408.10±0.61Bc471.67±0.18Aa471.40±0.42Aab470.20±0.42Ab1.56e-13
育肥前期FCRThe FCR of EFP2.91±0.14Aa2.48±0.03Bb2.57±0.04ABb2.66±0.04ABab0.019 7
育肥后期增重/kgWeight gain of LFP222.93±3.99Bc259.67±5.72Bb316.13±4.97Aa253.73±16.98Bbc8.37e-04
育肥后期ADG/kgThe ADG of LFP2.01±0.04Bc2.34±0.05Bb2.85±0.04Aa2.29±0.15Bbc8.37e-04
育肥后期耗料量/kgThe feed consumption of LFP1 046.90±0.61Cd1 149.33±11.72ABb1 189.93±10.77Aa1 104.80±12.20Bc4.69e-05
育肥后期FCRThe FCR of LFP4.70±0.08Aa4.43±0.13ABa3.77±0.08Bb4.39±0.29ABa0.023 7
育肥期增重/kgWeight gain of FP364.00±4.13Cc449.67±7.03Bb499.93±2.79Aa430.33±15.42Bb3.48e-05
育肥期ADG/kgThe ADG of FP1.97±0.02Cc2.43±0.04Bb2.7±0.02Aa2.33±0.08Bb3.48e-05
育肥期耗料量/kgThe feed consumption of FP1 455.00±0.00Cd1 621.00±11.59ABb1 661.33±10.67Aa1 575.00±12.58Bc2.83e-06
育肥期FCR The FCR of FP4.00±0.04Aa3.61±0.08Bb3.32±0.03Bc3.67±0.12ABb0.001 7
), ArticleFig(id=1307286423233651514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007413702385893, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison analysis results of the carcass traits between Yushan black pig and its hybrid pigs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Index

玉山黑猪(n=8)

YY (n=8)

杜玉(n=8)

DY (n=8)

巴玉(n=8)

BY (n=8)

山玉(n=8)

SY (n=8)

P-值

P-value

宰前活重/kg Live weight97.75±1.85Bb111.35±3.45Aa120.00±3.72Aa112.05±2.81Aa2.13e-04
胴体重/kg Carcass weight72.60±1.71Bb85.05±2.53Aa91.31±3.04Aa85.21±2.45Aa1.17e-04
屠宰率/% Dressing percentage74.23±0.49Bb76.40±0.33Aa76.07±0.50ABa76.01±0.66ABa0.022 2
皮重/kg Skin weight4.53±0.23Aa3.35±0.21Bb4.08±0.31ABa4.28±0.19ABa0.011 7
皮率/% Skin rate13.86±0.69Aa8.59±0.59Bc9.60±0.52Bbc10.63±0.60Bb7.37e-06
骨重/kg Bone weight2.57±0.09Bb3.31±0.13Aa3.00±0.19ABab3.24±0.17Aa0.007 9
骨率/% Bone rate7.87±0.24ABab8.46±0.34Aa7.06±0.27Bb8.01±0.38ABa0.029 9
肥肉重/kg Fat weight14.14±0.40Bc14.22±0.87Bbc18.07±0.60Aa16.26±0.90ABab0.001 5
肥肉率/% Fat rate43.22±1.05Aa36.12±1.54Bb42.95±1.58Aa39.98±1.40ABab0.004 1
瘦肉重/kg Lean meat weight11.49±0.42Bb18.34±0.53Aa17.09±0.83Aa16.75±0.54Aa3.57e-08
瘦肉率/% Lean meat rate35.05±0.73Cc46.83±0.75Aa40.39±1.23Bb41.38±0.74Bb8.01e-09
后腿重/kg Hind leg weight8.55±0.25Bb11.33±0.34Aa12.03±0.34Aa11.46±0.31Aa5.35e-08

后腿占胴体比例/%

Proportion of hind leg to carcass

23.63±0.65Bb26.48±0.31Aa26.45±0.55Aa27.05±0.53Aa3.31e-04

肩部最厚处背膘厚/mm

Backfat thickness at the thickestpart of the shoulder

62.12±2.51Aa59.16±2.02Aa64.34±2.88Aa59.60±2.43Aa0.433 0

最后肋骨处背膘厚/mm

Backfat thickness at the last rib

41.71±2.14Bb42.34±2.82ABb53.97±3.98Aa37.49±3.00Bb0.004 8

腰荐结合处背膘厚/mm

Backfat thickness at the waist joint

32.28±1.70Bb34.70±1.84ABb42.40±3.25Aa30.33±2.71Bb0.009 4

平均背膘厚/mm

Average backfat thickness

45.37±1.64ABb45.40±2.05ABb53.57±3.13Aa42.47±1.95Bb0.011 0
皮厚/mm Skin thickness5.70±0.56Aa3.53±0.33Bb4.26±0.33ABb4.14±0.41ABb0.008 3
胴体长/cm Carcass length74.36±1.33Aa76.75±1.15Aa76.94±1.82Aa77.38±0.89Aa0.399 0
肋骨数 Rib number14.00±0.00Cc15.00±0.00Aa15.00±0.00Aa14.38±0.18Bb9.49e-09
眼肌面积/cm2 Loin eye area19.96±0.89Cc38.07±1.28Aa28.12±2.21Bb30.28±1.43Bb7.62e-08
头重/kg Head weight6.53±0.22Bb6.85±0.23ABab7.43±0.24Aa7.15±0.18ABab0.041 6
总板油重/kg Total leaf fat weight4.14±0.25Aab3.76±0.27Abc4.77±0.25Aa3.54±0.37Ac0.041 0
), ArticleFig(id=1307286423309148987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007413702385893, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

玉山黑猪及其杂交猪胴体性状比较分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Index

玉山黑猪(n=8)

YY (n=8)

杜玉(n=8)

DY (n=8)

巴玉(n=8)

BY (n=8)

山玉(n=8)

SY (n=8)

P-值

P-value

宰前活重/kg Live weight97.75±1.85Bb111.35±3.45Aa120.00±3.72Aa112.05±2.81Aa2.13e-04
胴体重/kg Carcass weight72.60±1.71Bb85.05±2.53Aa91.31±3.04Aa85.21±2.45Aa1.17e-04
屠宰率/% Dressing percentage74.23±0.49Bb76.40±0.33Aa76.07±0.50ABa76.01±0.66ABa0.022 2
皮重/kg Skin weight4.53±0.23Aa3.35±0.21Bb4.08±0.31ABa4.28±0.19ABa0.011 7
皮率/% Skin rate13.86±0.69Aa8.59±0.59Bc9.60±0.52Bbc10.63±0.60Bb7.37e-06
骨重/kg Bone weight2.57±0.09Bb3.31±0.13Aa3.00±0.19ABab3.24±0.17Aa0.007 9
骨率/% Bone rate7.87±0.24ABab8.46±0.34Aa7.06±0.27Bb8.01±0.38ABa0.029 9
肥肉重/kg Fat weight14.14±0.40Bc14.22±0.87Bbc18.07±0.60Aa16.26±0.90ABab0.001 5
肥肉率/% Fat rate43.22±1.05Aa36.12±1.54Bb42.95±1.58Aa39.98±1.40ABab0.004 1
瘦肉重/kg Lean meat weight11.49±0.42Bb18.34±0.53Aa17.09±0.83Aa16.75±0.54Aa3.57e-08
瘦肉率/% Lean meat rate35.05±0.73Cc46.83±0.75Aa40.39±1.23Bb41.38±0.74Bb8.01e-09
后腿重/kg Hind leg weight8.55±0.25Bb11.33±0.34Aa12.03±0.34Aa11.46±0.31Aa5.35e-08

后腿占胴体比例/%

Proportion of hind leg to carcass

23.63±0.65Bb26.48±0.31Aa26.45±0.55Aa27.05±0.53Aa3.31e-04

肩部最厚处背膘厚/mm

Backfat thickness at the thickestpart of the shoulder

62.12±2.51Aa59.16±2.02Aa64.34±2.88Aa59.60±2.43Aa0.433 0

最后肋骨处背膘厚/mm

Backfat thickness at the last rib

41.71±2.14Bb42.34±2.82ABb53.97±3.98Aa37.49±3.00Bb0.004 8

腰荐结合处背膘厚/mm

Backfat thickness at the waist joint

32.28±1.70Bb34.70±1.84ABb42.40±3.25Aa30.33±2.71Bb0.009 4

平均背膘厚/mm

Average backfat thickness

45.37±1.64ABb45.40±2.05ABb53.57±3.13Aa42.47±1.95Bb0.011 0
皮厚/mm Skin thickness5.70±0.56Aa3.53±0.33Bb4.26±0.33ABb4.14±0.41ABb0.008 3
胴体长/cm Carcass length74.36±1.33Aa76.75±1.15Aa76.94±1.82Aa77.38±0.89Aa0.399 0
肋骨数 Rib number14.00±0.00Cc15.00±0.00Aa15.00±0.00Aa14.38±0.18Bb9.49e-09
眼肌面积/cm2 Loin eye area19.96±0.89Cc38.07±1.28Aa28.12±2.21Bb30.28±1.43Bb7.62e-08
头重/kg Head weight6.53±0.22Bb6.85±0.23ABab7.43±0.24Aa7.15±0.18ABab0.041 6
总板油重/kg Total leaf fat weight4.14±0.25Aab3.76±0.27Abc4.77±0.25Aa3.54±0.37Ac0.041 0
), ArticleFig(id=1307286423434978108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007413702385893, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison analysis results of the organs between Yushan black pig and its hybrid pigs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Index

玉山黑猪(n=8)

YY (n=8)

杜玉(n=8)

DY (n=8)

巴玉(n=8)

BY (n=8)

山玉(n=8)

SY (n=8)

P-值

P-value

心脏重/kg Heart weight0.24±0.01Cc0.35±0.02Aa0.29±0.01BCb0.31±0.02ABab3.25e-05
胃重/kg Stomach weight0.53±0.03Bb0.63±0.03Aa0.60±0.02ABa0.64±0.02Aa0.009 3
肝脏重/kg Liver weight1.01±0.03Bb1.24±0.09Aa1.23±0.05Aa1.28±0.04Aa0.009 7
脾脏重/kg Spleen weight0.14±0.00Bb0.19±0.01Aa0.15±0.01Bb0.14±0.01Bb4.02e-04
肾脏重/kg Kidney weight0.25±0.01Aa0.27±0.01Aa0.27±0.01Aa0.27±0.01Aa0.963 0
肺重/kg Lung weight1.38±0.11Bc1.74±0.08ABab1.55±0.11ABbc1.87±0.10Aa0.009 4
), ArticleFig(id=1307286423531447101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007413702385893, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

玉山黑猪及其杂交猪脏器比较分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Index

玉山黑猪(n=8)

YY (n=8)

杜玉(n=8)

DY (n=8)

巴玉(n=8)

BY (n=8)

山玉(n=8)

SY (n=8)

P-值

P-value

心脏重/kg Heart weight0.24±0.01Cc0.35±0.02Aa0.29±0.01BCb0.31±0.02ABab3.25e-05
胃重/kg Stomach weight0.53±0.03Bb0.63±0.03Aa0.60±0.02ABa0.64±0.02Aa0.009 3
肝脏重/kg Liver weight1.01±0.03Bb1.24±0.09Aa1.23±0.05Aa1.28±0.04Aa0.009 7
脾脏重/kg Spleen weight0.14±0.00Bb0.19±0.01Aa0.15±0.01Bb0.14±0.01Bb4.02e-04
肾脏重/kg Kidney weight0.25±0.01Aa0.27±0.01Aa0.27±0.01Aa0.27±0.01Aa0.963 0
肺重/kg Lung weight1.38±0.11Bc1.74±0.08ABab1.55±0.11ABbc1.87±0.10Aa0.009 4
), ArticleFig(id=1307286425527935806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007413702385893, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The statistic table of the Pearson correlation coefficient absolute value |R|>0.8 and P<0.05 between carcass and organ traits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标1

Index 1

指标2

Index 2

相关性系数

Correlation coefficient

P值

P-value

胴体重 Carcass weight宰前活重 Live weight0.9860
胴体重 Carcass weight后腿重 Hind leg weight0.8803.35e-11
胴体重 Carcass weight瘦肉重 Lean meat weight0.8052.80e-08
后腿重 Hind leg weight瘦肉重 Lean meat weight0.9142.60e-13
后腿重 Hind leg weight宰前活重 Live weight0.8507.73e-10
皮率 Skin rate皮重 Skin weight0.8151.34e-08
平均背膘厚 Average backfat thickness

最后肋骨处背膘厚

Backfat thickness at the last rib

0.9490
平均背膘厚 Average backfat thickness

腰荐结合处背膘厚

Backfat thickness at the waist joint

0.8964.09e-12
瘦肉率 Lean meat rate眼肌面积 Loin eye area0.8471.03e-09
瘦肉率 Lean meat rate瘦肉重 Lean meat weight0.8314.06e-09
瘦肉重 Lean meat weight眼肌面积 Loin eye area0.8451.21e-09
瘦肉重 Lean meat weight心脏重 Heart weight0.8023.43e-08

腰荐结合处背膘厚

Backfat thickness at the waist joint

最后肋骨处背膘厚

Backfat thickness at the last rib

0.8431.38e-09
肥肉率 Fat rate瘦肉率 Lean meat rate-0.8102.02e-08
), ArticleFig(id=1307286425955754815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007413702385893, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

胴体性状与脏器性状Pearson相关性系数绝对值|R|>0.8且P<0.05结果统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标1

Index 1

指标2

Index 2

相关性系数

Correlation coefficient

P值

P-value

胴体重 Carcass weight宰前活重 Live weight0.9860
胴体重 Carcass weight后腿重 Hind leg weight0.8803.35e-11
胴体重 Carcass weight瘦肉重 Lean meat weight0.8052.80e-08
后腿重 Hind leg weight瘦肉重 Lean meat weight0.9142.60e-13
后腿重 Hind leg weight宰前活重 Live weight0.8507.73e-10
皮率 Skin rate皮重 Skin weight0.8151.34e-08
平均背膘厚 Average backfat thickness

最后肋骨处背膘厚

Backfat thickness at the last rib

0.9490
平均背膘厚 Average backfat thickness

腰荐结合处背膘厚

Backfat thickness at the waist joint

0.8964.09e-12
瘦肉率 Lean meat rate眼肌面积 Loin eye area0.8471.03e-09
瘦肉率 Lean meat rate瘦肉重 Lean meat weight0.8314.06e-09
瘦肉重 Lean meat weight眼肌面积 Loin eye area0.8451.21e-09
瘦肉重 Lean meat weight心脏重 Heart weight0.8023.43e-08

腰荐结合处背膘厚

Backfat thickness at the waist joint

最后肋骨处背膘厚

Backfat thickness at the last rib

0.8431.38e-09
肥肉率 Fat rate瘦肉率 Lean meat rate-0.8102.02e-08
), ArticleFig(id=1307286426329047872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007413702385893, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison analysis results of the meat quality traits between Yushan black pig and its hybrid pigs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Index

玉山黑猪(n=8)

YY (n = 8)

杜玉(n=8)

DY (n = 8)

巴玉(n=8)

BY (n = 8)

山玉(n=8)

SY (n = 8)

P-值

P-value

肉色评分 Meat color score3.19±0.03Aab3.13±0.03Ab3.38±0.06Aab3.56±0.07Aa0.175 3
L43.79±0.25Aa43.95±0.21Aa42.4±0.25Aa42.23±0.38Aa0.290 8
a2.42±0.21Aa1.49±0.15Aab0.87±0.04Ab1.83±0.19Aab0.140 5
b9.74±0.07Aa9.79±0.13Aa8.54±0.09Bb8.94±0.13ABab0.015 7
pH16.64±0.02Aa6.54±0.02Aa6.37±0.04Aa6.55±0.04Aa0.292 3
pH245.91±0.04Aa5.78±0.02Aa5.97±0.05Aa6.04±0.04Aa0.402 3
大理石纹评分 Marbling score2.25±0.13Aab2.75±0.10Aa1.94±0.05Ab2.06±0.06Aab0.139 9
肌内脂肪含量/%Intramuscular fat content4.40±0.64Aa3.83±0.68ABab2.33±0.33Bb2.34±0.37Bb0.017 1
滴水损失/% Drip loss1.11±0.06Bbc0.86±0.04Bc1.60±0.06ABab1.89±0.10Aa0.003 9
剪切力/N Shear force48.21±2.87Bc72.55±4.83ABb98.29±12.72Aa81.38±6.41Aab8.25e-04
熟肉率/% Cooked meat percentage68.68±0.44ABb69.09±0.28ABb73.09±0.63Aa67.84±0.41Bb0.036 2
), ArticleFig(id=1307286426433905473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007413702385893, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

玉山黑猪及其杂交猪肉质性状比较分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Index

玉山黑猪(n=8)

YY (n = 8)

杜玉(n=8)

DY (n = 8)

巴玉(n=8)

BY (n = 8)

山玉(n=8)

SY (n = 8)

P-值

P-value

肉色评分 Meat color score3.19±0.03Aab3.13±0.03Ab3.38±0.06Aab3.56±0.07Aa0.175 3
L43.79±0.25Aa43.95±0.21Aa42.4±0.25Aa42.23±0.38Aa0.290 8
a2.42±0.21Aa1.49±0.15Aab0.87±0.04Ab1.83±0.19Aab0.140 5
b9.74±0.07Aa9.79±0.13Aa8.54±0.09Bb8.94±0.13ABab0.015 7
pH16.64±0.02Aa6.54±0.02Aa6.37±0.04Aa6.55±0.04Aa0.292 3
pH245.91±0.04Aa5.78±0.02Aa5.97±0.05Aa6.04±0.04Aa0.402 3
大理石纹评分 Marbling score2.25±0.13Aab2.75±0.10Aa1.94±0.05Ab2.06±0.06Aab0.139 9
肌内脂肪含量/%Intramuscular fat content4.40±0.64Aa3.83±0.68ABab2.33±0.33Bb2.34±0.37Bb0.017 1
滴水损失/% Drip loss1.11±0.06Bbc0.86±0.04Bc1.60±0.06ABab1.89±0.10Aa0.003 9
剪切力/N Shear force48.21±2.87Bc72.55±4.83ABb98.29±12.72Aa81.38±6.41Aab8.25e-04
熟肉率/% Cooked meat percentage68.68±0.44ABb69.09±0.28ABb73.09±0.63Aa67.84±0.41Bb0.036 2
), ArticleFig(id=1307286426765255490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007413702385893, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison analysis results of the serum immune and antioxidant indicators between Yushan black pig and its hybrid pigs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Index

玉山黑猪(n=8)

YY (n=8)

杜玉(n=8)

DY (n=8)

巴玉(n=8)

BY (n=8)

山玉(n=8)

SY (n=8)

P-值

P-value

IgA/(μg·mL‒1)33.30±1.16ABab29.50±0.62Bb36.66±2.49Aa36.26±1.72Aa0.016 7
IgG/(μg·mL‒1)309.18±7.45Aab276.18±9.47Ab332.61±12.74Aa336.28±27.56Aa0.054 1
IgM/(μg·mL‒1)38.03±1.01Aa35.31±2.03Aa38.97±1.79Aa39.36±2.84Aa0.496 9
CAT/(U·mL‒1)12.07±2.05Aa11.07±2.22Aa8.90±1.54Aa11.48±1.93Aa0.683 4
GSH-Px/(U·mL‒1)3 360.33±132.19BCbc2 996.69±269.91Cc3 870.25±158.68ABab4 166.53±188.30Aa9.93e-04
MDA/(nmol·mL‒1)5.47±0.80Aa2.56±0.46Bb4.79±0.67ABa4.70±0.86ABa0.042 5
SOD/(U·mL‒1)50.08±3.32Aa40.17±2.86Aab43.99±1.92Aab37.90±4.94Ab0.088 7
T-AOC/(mmol·L‒1)0.35±0.02Aa0.31±0.03Aa0.33±0.02Aa0.29±0.04Aa0.341 4
), ArticleFig(id=1307286426840752963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007413702385893, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

玉山黑猪及其杂交猪血清免疫和抗氧化指标比较分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Index

玉山黑猪(n=8)

YY (n=8)

杜玉(n=8)

DY (n=8)

巴玉(n=8)

BY (n=8)

山玉(n=8)

SY (n=8)

P-值

P-value

IgA/(μg·mL‒1)33.30±1.16ABab29.50±0.62Bb36.66±2.49Aa36.26±1.72Aa0.016 7
IgG/(μg·mL‒1)309.18±7.45Aab276.18±9.47Ab332.61±12.74Aa336.28±27.56Aa0.054 1
IgM/(μg·mL‒1)38.03±1.01Aa35.31±2.03Aa38.97±1.79Aa39.36±2.84Aa0.496 9
CAT/(U·mL‒1)12.07±2.05Aa11.07±2.22Aa8.90±1.54Aa11.48±1.93Aa0.683 4
GSH-Px/(U·mL‒1)3 360.33±132.19BCbc2 996.69±269.91Cc3 870.25±158.68ABab4 166.53±188.30Aa9.93e-04
MDA/(nmol·mL‒1)5.47±0.80Aa2.56±0.46Bb4.79±0.67ABa4.70±0.86ABa0.042 5
SOD/(U·mL‒1)50.08±3.32Aa40.17±2.86Aab43.99±1.92Aab37.90±4.94Ab0.088 7
T-AOC/(mmol·L‒1)0.35±0.02Aa0.31±0.03Aa0.33±0.02Aa0.29±0.04Aa0.341 4
), ArticleFig(id=1307286426928833348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007413702385893, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison analysis results of the serum glucose and serum lipids indicators between Yushan black pig and its hybrid pigs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Index

玉山黑猪(n=8)

YY (n=8)

杜玉(n=8)

DY (n=8)

巴玉(n=8)

BY (n=8)

山玉(n=8)

SY (n=8)

P-值

P-value

GLU/(mmol·L‒1)5.17±0.51Bc6.24±0.36Bbc6.96±0.58ABab8.23±0.51Aa0.001 4
TG/(mmol·L‒1)0.94±0.07ABab1.08±0.05Aa1.08±0.07Aa0.79±0.06Bb0.006 0
TC/(mmol·L‒1)2.60±0.14Aa2.52±0.14Aa2.65±0.15Aa2.51±0.16Aa0.893 2
LDL-C/(mmol‒L-1)2.78±0.18Aa2.62±0.16Aa2.91±0.19Aa2.74±0.21Aa0.749 4
HDL-C/(mmol·L‒1)2.06±0.10Aa2.22±0.12Aa2.13±0.11Aa2.11±0.10Aa0.755 4
), ArticleFig(id=1307286427016913733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007413702385893, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

玉山黑猪及其杂交猪血糖和血脂指标比较分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Index

玉山黑猪(n=8)

YY (n=8)

杜玉(n=8)

DY (n=8)

巴玉(n=8)

BY (n=8)

山玉(n=8)

SY (n=8)

P-值

P-value

GLU/(mmol·L‒1)5.17±0.51Bc6.24±0.36Bbc6.96±0.58ABab8.23±0.51Aa0.001 4
TG/(mmol·L‒1)0.94±0.07ABab1.08±0.05Aa1.08±0.07Aa0.79±0.06Bb0.006 0
TC/(mmol·L‒1)2.60±0.14Aa2.52±0.14Aa2.65±0.15Aa2.51±0.16Aa0.893 2
LDL-C/(mmol‒L-1)2.78±0.18Aa2.62±0.16Aa2.91±0.19Aa2.74±0.21Aa0.749 4
HDL-C/(mmol·L‒1)2.06±0.10Aa2.22±0.12Aa2.13±0.11Aa2.11±0.10Aa0.755 4
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玉山黑猪及其不同杂交组合生产性能、肉质性状和血清生化指标的比较研究
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刘晨龙 1 , 邓晓 2 , 林克团 2 , 万明春 1 , 杨文清 2 , 彭富贵 2 , 周泉勇 1 , 郑小明 2 , 谭美芳 1 , 季华员 1
畜牧兽医学报 | 遗传育种 2026,57(1): 120-135
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畜牧兽医学报 |遗传育种 2026 , 57 (1) : 120 -135
玉山黑猪及其不同杂交组合生产性能、肉质性状和血清生化指标的比较研究
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刘晨龙,副研究员,博士,主要从事畜禽遗传育种研究, Tel:0791-82728433,E-mail:

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刘晨龙1 , 邓晓2, 林克团2, 万明春1, 杨文清2, 彭富贵2, 周泉勇1, 郑小明2, 谭美芳1, 季华员1
作者信息
  • 1.江西省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所/畜禽绿色健康养殖江西省重点实验室,南昌 330200
  • 2.江西省玉山黑猪原种场,上饶 334700
通讯作者:
季华员,主要从事生猪遗传育种研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

刘晨龙,副研究员,博士,主要从事畜禽遗传育种研究, Tel:0791-82728433,E-mail:

Comparative Study on Production Performance, Meat Quality Traits and Serum Biochemical Indicators between Yushan Black Pig and Its Different Cross Combinations
Chenlong LIU1 , Xiao DENG2, Ketuan LIN2, Mingchun WAN1, Wenqing YANG2, Fugui PENG2, Quanyong ZHOU1, Xiaoming ZHENG2, Meifang TAN1, Huayuan JI1
Affiliations
  • 1.Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Green and Healthy Breeding,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China
  • 2.Yushan Black Pig Breeding Farm of Jiangxi,Shangrao 334700,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    JI Huayuan, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.011
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旨在研究玉山黑猪与其3个不同二元杂交组合个体在生产性能、肉质性状和血清生化指标上的差异,为玉山黑猪的杂交利用提供参考。本研究选择健康的玉山黑猪及其二元杂交猪为研究对象,试验分为玉山黑猪(YY)、杜玉(DY)、巴玉(BY)和山玉(SY)4个试验组,每个组3个重复,每个重复5头猪。所有试验猪只统一阉割处理,并在体重相近时进行育肥试验,饲料营养水平和饲养管理均一致。统一饲养至250 d时,每个试验组各选择8头(阉公母各半)进行屠宰测定,并采集分离血清,检测血清生化指标。结果表明:1)DY组育肥前期平均日增重(ADG)最大、BY组育肥后期ADG最大,BY组整个育肥期ADG最大,3个杂交组的育肥期ADG均极显著高于YY组(P<0.01)。2)YY组育肥前期料重比(FCR)显著高于DY组(P<0.01)和BY组(P<0.05)、育肥后期FCR极显著高于BY组(P<0.01),YY组整个育肥期FCR最高,BY组FCR最低。3)BY组育肥后期ADG显著高于育肥前期ADG(P<0.05),其余3组育肥前期和育肥后期ADG无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)4个试验组的育肥后期FCR均显著高于育肥前期FCR(P<0.05)。5)3个二元杂交组的屠宰性能相比于YY组均有极显著提升。6)相关性分析发现,大部分屠宰性状之间以及屠宰性状和育肥性状之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05),但育肥前期ADG和肥肉率呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。7)YY组的肌内脂肪含量极显著高于BY组和SY组(P<0.01),DY组的大理石纹评分显著高于BY组(P<0.05),SY组的滴水损失极显著高于YY组和DY组(P<0.01),BY组的剪切力极显著高于YY组(P<0.01),BY组的熟肉率极显著高于SY组(P<0.01)。8)YY组与3个二元杂交组血清中免疫指标、过氧化氢酶和总抗氧化能力的抗氧化指标以及血脂指标的水平无显著差异(P > 0.05),但谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平极显著低于SY组(P<0.01)、丙二醛水平极显著高于DY组(P<0.01)、超氧化物歧化酶水平显著高于SY组(P<0.05)以及血糖水平显著低于BY组(P<0.05)和SY组(P<0.01)。综上所述,3个二元杂交猪在生长发育、料重比和屠宰性能等重要生产指标上相比于纯种玉山黑猪均有显著提高,但肌肉品质有所下降,而免疫和抗氧化能力均未有显著改变。本研究结果表明,杜玉和巴玉二元杂交组合更适用于玉山黑猪的杂交利用。

玉山黑猪  /  生产性能  /  肉质  /  血清生化指标

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of production performance, meat quality traits and serum biochemical indicators between Yushan black pigs and its two-way cross pigs, and provide the reference for the hybrid utilization of Yushan black pig. In this study, the healthy Yushan black pigs and its two-way cross pigs were used and divided into 4 groups which included YY, DY, BY and SY with 3 replicates with 5 individuals per replicate. All of the experimental pigs were uniformly castrated and fattened with same body weight, the feed nutritional level and feeding management were consistent. When the pigs were raised until 250 days, each group selected 8 individuals (half castrated male and half castrated female) for slaughter, and serum was collected to detect biochemical indicators. The results showed that: 1) The average daily gain (ADG) of DY at the early fattening period was highest, the ADG of BY at the late fattening period was highest, the ADG of BY at the entire fattening period was the highest, and ADG of the 3 hybrid groups at the entire fattening period was significantly higher than that of YY group (P<0.01). 2) The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of YY at the early fattening period was significantly higher than that of DY (P<0.01) and BY (P<0.05), and the FCR of YY at the late fattening period was significantly higher than that of BY (P<0.01), the FCR of YY at the entire fattening period was the highest and BY was the lowest. 3) The ADG of BY at the late fattening period was higher than that at the early fattening period (P<0.05), while the ADG of other 3 groups were not different between the early fattening period and late fattening period (P>0.05). 4) The FCR of the 4 groups at the late fattening period were significantly higher than that at the early fattening period (P<0.05). 5) The slaughter performance of the 3 hybrid groups were significantly improved compared to the YY group. 6) The correlation analysis results found that, there was a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) between most slaughter traits and between slaughter traits and fattening traits, but there was a significant negative correlation (P<0.05) between ADG at early fattening period and fat percentage (P<0.05). 7) The intramuscular fat content of YY was significantly higher than that of BY and SY (P<0.01), the marbling score of DY was significantly higher than that of BY (P<0.05), the drip loss of SY was significantly higher than that of YY and DY (P<0.01), the shear force of BY was significantly higher than that of YY (P<0.01), and the cooked meat percentage of BY was significantly higher than that of SY (P<0.01). 8) There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the level of serum immune indicators, CAT, T-AOC and blood lipid indicators between YY group and 3 hybrid groups. However, the serum GSH-Px level of YY group was significantly lower than that in SY group (P<0.01), the serum MDA level was significantly higher than that in DY group (P<0.01), the serum SOD level was significantly higher than that in SY group (P<0.05), and the GLU level was significantly lower than that in BY (P<0.05) and SY (P<0.01) groups. In summary, the important production indicators such as growth and development traits, FCR and slaughter performance were significantly improved but the meat quality traits were decreased in these 3 hybrid groups compared to Yushan black pigs, while the immune and antioxidant ability were not significantly changed. The study results showed that, the DY and BY two-way cross combination were more suitable for the hybrid utilization of Yushan black pig.

Yushan black pig  /  production performance  /  meat quality  /  serum biochemical indicators
刘晨龙, 邓晓, 林克团, 万明春, 杨文清, 彭富贵, 周泉勇, 郑小明, 谭美芳, 季华员. 玉山黑猪及其不同杂交组合生产性能、肉质性状和血清生化指标的比较研究. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (1) : 120 -135 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.011
Chenlong LIU, Xiao DENG, Ketuan LIN, Mingchun WAN, Wenqing YANG, Fugui PENG, Quanyong ZHOU, Xiaoming ZHENG, Meifang TAN, Huayuan JI. Comparative Study on Production Performance, Meat Quality Traits and Serum Biochemical Indicators between Yushan Black Pig and Its Different Cross Combinations[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (1) : 120 -135 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.011
中国是猪肉生产和消费大国,有数据显示[1],2024年中国猪肉生产量达5 706万吨,占全球49.18%;猪肉消费量达5 795万吨,占全球50.58%,且在过去5年中,中国猪肉消费总量基本都大于猪肉生产总量,表明我国猪肉产能还需进一步提高(图1)。中国地方猪具有繁殖性能好,肉质优等特点,以地方猪为母本,外来瘦肉型猪为父本开展二元杂交是利用中国地方猪种质资源的主要方式之一,杂交后代结合了父母本的优点,且二元杂交猪在生长育肥、瘦肉率、料重比等方面相较于纯种地方猪都有较大提升[2, 3]。因此,开展地方猪不同杂交组合试验,通过分析不同杂交组合在屠宰性能、生长发育及肉质性状等重要指标上的差异,筛选出最佳杂交组合,对推动地方猪的开发利用具有重要意义。
玉山黑猪(Yushan black pig)又称赣东北黑猪,是地方品种玉江猪的两个类群之一(另一类群为江山乌猪),是国家级猪遗传资源保护品种。玉山黑猪原产于江西省上饶市玉山县,距今已有2 000多年的养殖历史[4],其中心产区为江西省上饶市玉山县的岩瑞、樟村、下镇、六都、四股桥等乡镇。玉山黑猪分布于江西省上饶市广丰、上饶、铅山等县,引种至浙江省江山市、福建省厦门市等地区。玉山黑猪毛色全黑,背中线或脚、嘴、尾尖偶有些许火毛或白毛。头大小适中,嘴筒长度中等,额有皱纹,成年公猪有獠牙。头脸型分为狮头型、马脸型和中间型3种。
目前关于玉山黑猪的研究包括不同头型的遗传解析[5]、冷冻精液制作[6]、音乐声波对断奶仔猪生长的影响[7]、肉质[8]以及杂交[9]等方面,而关于纯种玉山黑猪与其多个不同二元杂交组合在生长育肥、屠宰性能、肉质性状及器官发育等重要生产和经济性状上的差异研究鲜有报道。本研究以玉山黑猪为母本,分别以杜洛克猪、巴克夏猪和山下长黑猪为父本开展3个不同二元杂交组合试验,旨在分析纯种玉山黑猪与3个不同杂交组合在生长育肥、屠宰性能、肉质性状、器官发育和血清生化指标上的差异,不仅可以深入了解玉山黑猪种质特性,也可以为玉山黑猪的杂交利用提供参考。
将试验动物分为玉山黑猪纯种(YY)、杜洛克(♂)×玉山黑猪(♀)(DY)、巴克夏(♂)×玉山黑猪(♀)(BY)和山下长黑(♂)×玉山黑猪(♀)(SY)共4个试验组合,每个组合3个重复、每个重复5头猪。所有试验猪只(含公母)于15~20日龄进行阉割。所有个体的饲养管理、营养水平和免疫程序等均一致,由专人饲养。育肥前期所用饲料的消化能为14.10 MJ·kg-1,粗蛋白质含量为16.3%;育肥后期所用饲料的消化能为13.79 MJ·kg-1,粗蛋白质含量为14.3%,饲料均购自江西大北农科技有限责任公司。将所有试验个体统一饲养至250日龄时,每个试验组各选择8头(其中阉公、阉母各4头)生长发育正常且健康、体重接近各试验组整体平均值的个体进行定点屠宰测定。宰前空腹24 h,自由饮水和活动。
本研究对4个试验组合开展了育肥试验。在每个重复平均体重约为23 kg时开始育肥,整个育肥期(fattening period, FP)为185 d,其中育肥前期(early fattening period, EFP)为74 d,育肥后期(late fattening period, LFP)为111 d。每个试验个体在育肥开始时测量体重,分别于育肥前期结束时以及育肥结束时各测量一次体重。同时以每个重复为单位,计算每个重复在育肥前期和育肥后期的平均日增重(average daily gain, ADG)以及总耗料量,根据耗料量和增重计算料重比(feed conversion ratio, FCR)。所有养殖和育肥试验均在江西省玉山黑猪原种场内完成。
本研究参照《瘦肉型猪胴体性状测定技术规范》(NY/T 825—2004)对试验猪进行屠宰测定,具体测定方法请参考本团队前期的研究报道[10]。测定的指标主要包括屠宰率、瘦肉率、肥肉率、皮率、骨率、胴体长、背膘厚、皮厚、眼肌面积、肋骨数等。此外,本研究还测定了4个试验组心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃等重要器官以及头、左后腿和总板油的重量。
参照《猪肉品质测定技术规程》(NY/T 821—2019)进行肉质性状测定。在猪停止呼吸30 min内,在左半胴体倒数第3 ~ 4胸椎处向后取背最长肌20~30 cm的样品进行肉色评分、Lab值、pH、大理石纹评分、48 h滴水损失以及肌内脂肪含量等肉质性状的测定。其中肉色评分和大理石纹评分使用NPPC猪肉标准比色板进行肉眼评分,Lab值使用色差仪(KONICA MINOLTA,CR-10 PLUS)进行测定。取1块背最长肌在80 ℃水浴锅中加热,当中心温度达到70 ℃时取出冷却,使用C-LM4型肌肉嫩度仪(东北农业大学)参照说明书测定肌肉剪切力,每个个体测3个重复,计算平均值。另取约100 g左右的小里脊肉样品隔沸水蒸30 min,然后放在阴凉处自然冷却20 min,吸干表面剩余水分,然后称量蒸后重量,用蒸后重量除以蒸前重量计算得出熟肉率。
在试验猪只屠宰前使用前腔静脉法采集血液,室温静置2 h,待析出血清后,使用低速离心机在3 000 r·min-1的速度下离心10 min,分离血清,随后将分离出的血清放入液氮中,带回实验室保存在-80 ℃冰箱备用。本研究测定了4个试验组,每组8个个体的血清抗氧化指标、免疫指标、血糖和血脂指标。其中抗氧化指标包括过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),免疫指标包括猪免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、猪免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和猪免疫球蛋白M(IgM),血糖和血脂指标包括血糖(GLU)、总甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)。抗氧化和血糖血脂指标按照各指标测定说明书(南京建成生物工程研究所)进行检测,免疫指标按照各指标ELISA试剂盒说明书(江苏酶免实业有限公司)进行检测。上述血清生化指标所使用的检测仪器为BIOBASE-EL10A自动酶标仪(山东博科控股集团有限公司)。
本研究使用EXCEL 2021进行原始试验数据整理,IBM SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析,其中两组数据间的差异统计分析使用Student’s t test,3组及以上使用ONE-WAY ANOVA分析,采用Duncan’s和LSD法进行多重分析比较。使用诺米代谢在线分析平台(https://www.biodeep.cn/home/tool)进行相关性分析并绘制结果图。结果以“平均值±标准误”的形式呈现,P<0.01表示差异极显著,P<0.05表示差异显著,P>0.05表示差异不显著。
本研究测定了玉山黑猪及其3个二元杂交试验组合不同育肥阶段的增重及耗料量,并计算出了不同育肥阶段和整个育肥期的ADG和FCR(表1)。结果表明,4个试验组合不同育肥阶段以及整个育肥期的增重、耗料量、ADG和FCR均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。其中DY组育肥前期ADG最大、长速最快,BY组育肥后期ADG最大、长速最快,YY组不同育肥阶段长速均最慢,SY组长速处于中间水平。就整个育肥期而言,BY组ADG显著高于其他3个组(P<0.05),YY组育肥期ADG极显著低于其他3个组(P<0.01)。从FCR结果可以看出,YY组育肥前期FCR极显著高于DY组(P<0.01),显著高于BY组(P<0.05),但与SY组差异不显著(P>0.05);YY组育肥后期FCR极显著高于BY组(P<0.01),与DY组和SY组差异不显著(P>0.05);YY组整个育肥期FCR最高,BY组FCR则最低。
本研究还分析了同一试验组育肥前期和育肥后期ADG和FCR的差异。结果表明(图2),BY育肥后期ADG显著高于育肥前期ADG(P<0.05),YY、DY和SY育肥前期和育肥后期的ADG无显著差异(P>0.05)。YY、DY和BY育肥后期FCR极显著高于育肥前期FCR(P<0.01),SY育肥后期FCR显著高于育肥前期FCR(P<0.05)。4个FCR结果都表明,不管是纯种还是二元杂种,与育肥前期相比,育肥后期增加同样的体重需要更多的饲料。
玉山黑猪及其3个二元杂交组合猪的胴体性状统计分析结果如表2所示。从表中可知,除肩部最厚处背膘厚和胴体长这2个指标外,其余所有指标在试验组之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。虽然胴体长组间无差异,但YY胴体最短,SY胴体最长。3个二元杂交组合猪的宰前活重、胴体重、瘦肉率、后腿重、肋骨数和眼肌面积这几个重要生产性状均极显著高于纯种玉山黑猪(P<0.01),表明杂交均能提高玉山黑猪生产性能。
为了研究育肥猪不同生长发育阶段的长速与产能之间的关系,本研究整合了所有试验个体(n=32)进行了育肥前期ADG(图3)和育肥后期ADG(图4)与宰前活重、屠宰率、胴体长、眼肌面积、瘦肉率和肥肉率这6个重要生产性状之间的相关性。结果表明,育肥前期ADG与宰前活重、屠宰率、胴体长、眼肌面积和瘦肉率均成极显著正相关(P<0.01),而与肥肉率成显著负相关(P<0.05),说明育肥前期以肌肉快速增长为主,脂肪沉积速度小于肌肉。育肥后期ADG与宰前活重和胴体长成极显著正相关(P<0.01),与其余4个性状无显著相关性(P>0.05)。
本研究分析了玉山黑猪及其3个二元杂交组合猪心脏、胃、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和肺这6个重要器官重量的差异,结果如表3所示。从表中可看出,YY的心脏和胃重极显著小于DY和SY(P<0.01)、显著小于BY(P<0.05),肝脏重极显著小于3个杂交组合(P<0.01),脾脏重极显著小于DY(P<0.01),肺重极显著小于SY(P<0.01)、显著小于DY(P<0.05)。DY的脾脏重极显著大于其余3个组(P<0.01),SY的肺重显著大于BY(P<0.05),4个组合左右肾脏总重无显著差异(P>0.05)。
为了探明不同胴体性状之间以及胴体性状与脏器性状之间的关系,本研究整合了所有试验个体(n=32)分析了胴体性状和脏器性状的Pearson相关性,结果如图5所示。分析结果表明,不同胴体性状及脏器性状之间普遍是显著正相关(P<0.05),且一些性状之间的相关性系数值(R)大于0.8(表4)。如胴体重与宰前活重的R=0.986(P=0),后腿重与瘦肉重的R=0.914(P=2.60e-13)以及瘦肉重与眼肌面积的R=0.845(P=1.21e-09)。此外,肥肉率与瘦肉率的R=-0.810(P=2.02e-08),成极显著负相关;皮率与大部分性状都成显著负相关(P<0.05)、肥肉率和骨率也与多个性状成显著负相关(P<0.05)。
玉山黑猪及其3个二元杂交组合猪的肉质性状统计分析结果如表5所示。从表中可知,4个试验组的肉色评分均为3~4分,属正常肉色,其中SY组的肉色评分最高。YY组的a(红度)值显著高于BY组(P<0.05),YY组和DY组的b(黄度)值极显著高于BY组(P<0.01),4个试验组的L(亮度)值无显著差异(P>0.05)。4个试验组的pH1和pH24均无显著差异(P>0.05)。大理石纹评分和肌内脂肪含量的结果表明,BY组合的肌内脂肪含量低于其他3组,YY组的肌内脂肪含量最高。滴水损失分析结果表明,SY组的滴水损失最高,DY组的滴水损失最低。肌内脂肪含量最高的YY组其剪切力最小,而肌内脂肪含量最低的BY组其剪切力最大。BY组的熟肉率极显著高于SY组(P<0.01),显著高于YY组和DY组(P<0.05)。
为了分析不同杂交组合对玉山黑猪免疫和抗氧化能力的影响,本研究分析了4个试验组血清免疫和抗氧化指标(表6)。免疫指标分析结果表明,DY组的血清IgA浓度极显著低于BY和SY(P<0.01)、血清IgG浓度显著低于BY和SY(P<0.05);YY与3个杂交组的IgA、IgG和IgM均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
抗氧化指标分析结果表明,SY的血清GSH-Px浓度极显著高于YY和DY(P<0.01),与BY无显著差异(P>0.05)。YY的血清MDA浓度极显著高于DY(P<0.01),与BY和SY无显著差异(P>0.05)。YY的血清SOD浓度显著高于SY(P<0.05),与DY和BY无显著差异(P>0.05)。4个组合血清CAT和T-AOC浓度无显著差异(P>0.05)。
为了分析不同杂交组合对玉山黑猪血糖和血脂的影响,本研究分析了4个试验组血糖和血脂指标(表7)。结果表明,SY组的GLU浓度最高,YY组的GLU浓度最低。SY组的TG浓度极显著低于DY和BY(P<0.01),与YY组无显著差异(P>0.05)。4个试验组的TC、LDL-C和HDL-C浓度无显著差异(P>0.05)。上述结果说明,杂交会提高玉山黑猪的血糖浓度,但对血清中的甘油三酯和胆固醇含量影响较小。
杜洛克和巴克夏是世界范围内常用的瘦肉型猪父系品种,瘦肉型公猪具有体型较大、生长速度快、饲料转化率高和瘦肉率高等特点,一般在实际生产中用作杂交体系中的父本[11, 12]。山下长黑猪是以巴克夏为父本、里岔黑猪为母本,经过10年6个世代持续选育而成的一个新品种[13],具有体型长、肋骨数多、瘦肉率高、肉质好等优点,目前关于以山下长黑猪作为父本、地方猪作为母本进行杂交试验的研究报告相对较少,本研究结果或可为山下长黑猪的生产应用提供参考。目前我国利用地方猪的形式主要以瘦肉型公猪与地方猪杂交,生产“内二元”商品猪较为常见,该方式操作简单,可显著提高杂交后代的生长发育性能,也可降低地方猪的料重比[14, 15],提高地方猪养殖的经济效益。
本研究以玉山黑猪为母本,杜洛克、巴克夏和山下长黑猪为父本进行二元杂交试验,开展玉山黑猪纯种与其3个二元杂交猪生长发育和屠宰测定研究,通过分析不同育肥阶段各试验组的ADG和FCR,掌握了纯种玉山黑猪和不同二元杂交组合猪的生长规律,该研究结果可以为今后玉山黑猪养殖及商品化生产提供参考。通过对4个试验组进行屠宰测定,分析了纯种玉山黑猪与其二元杂交组合猪胴体性状和脏器性状的差异,了解了不同父本对杂交后代不同生产性状的影响。比如以杜洛克作为父本,其杂交后代的瘦肉率和脾脏重极显著高于巴克夏和山下长黑猪(P<0.01);以巴克夏猪作为父本,其杂交后代的平均背膘厚显著高于杜洛克和山下长黑猪(P<0.05);以山下长黑猪作为父本,其杂交后代的肋骨数极显著少于杜洛克和巴克夏猪(P<0.01)。母本品种相同,父本品种不同,其杂交后代优势性状表现不同的原因可能是控制某一性状的基因位点在不同父本品种中的频率不一致[16⁃18],或者玉山黑猪与杜洛克、巴克夏和山下长黑猪的配合力不同所导致[19⁃21];还有可能是杂交亲本之间的遗传距离不同所致。根据数量遗传学理论,杂种优势与两杂交亲本之间的遗传距离呈正比,即两杂交亲本遗传距离越远,杂种优势越大。徐忠等[22]对金华猪与杜洛克、长白猪和大白猪杂交的杂种优势进行了预测,通过构建与生长、胴体、肉质和健康性状相关联的SNP群体间遗传距离矩阵,进行不同二元杂交组合猪优势性状预测,结果发现,长金二元杂交猪在生长性能、胴体与肉质性状上的表现均优于大金和杜金组合,而大金二元杂交猪在健康性状上的优势大于长金和杜金,正是由于这些性状相关SNP的遗传距离不同所致。
平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(FCR)是衡量猪经济效益的重要指标,ADG越高,生长速度越快;FCR越低,增加同样的体重所需饲料越少,成本也就越低。本研究发现,3个二元杂交组合猪不同育肥阶段的ADG均高于纯种玉山黑猪,而FCR却低于纯种玉山黑猪,说明3个杂交组合都能显著提高了养殖经济效益。实际生产中,以杜洛克作为父本进行杂交主要是因为该品种杂交后代生长速度快、瘦肉率高、饲料转化效率高,而以巴克夏为父本进行杂交则是因为杂交后代的肉质好、其次是生长速度快[23]。动物生长发育过程中,各组织生长起始时间和生长规律的不同,造成动物生长速度的差异,一般来说,会按照“骨骼—肌肉—脂肪”的顺序发育。本研究发现,DY育肥前期ADG最大、FCR最低,BY育肥后期ADG最大、FCR最低,这与凉山猪的研究结果一致[12],可能的原因是DY组前期骨骼和肌肉快速增长,后期BY组的脂肪沉积更快,也有可能与育肥前、后期的肠道微生物组成发生变化有关[24]。就整个育肥期而言,BY的生长速度最快、料重比最低;因此,单从ADG和FCR的角度考虑,BY杂交组合优于DY和SY。笪浩等[25]在杜洛克×梅山猪杂交一代的育肥结果中发现,阉公猪育肥后期ADG低于育肥前期ADG,而阉母猪育肥后期ADG高于育肥前期ADG,说明杜梅杂交一代育肥前、后期ADG无显著差异,与本研究结果基本一致。该研究还发现,不论是阉公猪还是阉母猪,同一试验组育肥后期FCR均显著高于育肥前期FCR,这也与本研究结果相一致。造成同一试验组育肥前期和育肥后期FCR显著差异的原因可能是:第一,猪只在不同生长阶段肠道的长度会发生变化,肠道吸收效率也会相应发生改变;第二,不同生长日龄猪肠道微生物结构也存在差异[24],而肠道微生物又与猪的饲料转化效率相关[26];第三,如上所述,不同生长阶段组织的发育顺序和速度不一样,体内利用营养物质的效率存在差异;第四,本试验育肥期达半年,导致育肥前期和育肥后期的气候存在差异,可能会影响采食量,进而影响FCR;第五,本试验育肥前期和育肥后期所用饲料的营养水平存在差异,也会影响FCR。
刘越等[27]对不同体重的松辽黑猪进行了屠宰测定,研究了不同屠宰体重的胴体性能。结果发现,随着屠宰体重的增加,屠宰率和胴体长也在逐步增加,而本研究发现,育肥前后期ADG与宰前活重、屠宰率和胴体长都呈显著正相关,与该研究结果相互印证。此外,对松辽黑猪的研究发现,屠宰体重为60 kg时,眼肌面积对比20 kg屠宰时增加了159.42%;而在100 kg和130 kg屠宰时,眼肌面积对比60 kg屠宰时分别只增加了12.01%和30.29%,说明背最长肌在生长前期发育速度远快于生长后期。本研究结果同样发现,育肥前期ADG与眼肌面积呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),而育肥后期ADG与眼肌面积呈不显著的正相关(P>0.05),与前期研究结果一致。松辽黑猪的研究还发现,屠宰体重为60 kg时的瘦肉率高于100 kg和130 kg屠宰体重的瘦肉率,而脂肪率低于100 kg和130 kg屠宰体重的脂肪率,说明松辽黑猪生长前期肌肉发育速度快于脂肪沉积速度,而后期脂肪沉积速度快于肌肉发育速度。本研究发现,育肥前期ADG与瘦肉率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),而与肥肉率呈显著负相关(P<0.05);育肥后期ADG与瘦肉率和肥肉率呈正相关,但未达显著水平(P>0.05)。
胴体重、屠宰率、胴体长、肋骨数、眼肌面积、瘦肉重等胴体性状与产肉量直接相关,是评价一头猪经济价值的重要指标,指标数值越大,产肉量越多,效益也就相应更高[28-29]。而且这些性状彼此间并不独立,而是密切相关,本研究也发现了彼此间的正相关性。意外的是,本研究结果显示,肋骨数和胴体长的相关性系数只有0.2,且未达显著水平(P=0.273 2),可能的原因是胴体长不仅与肋骨数(胸椎数)有关,也可能与颈椎、腰椎和尾椎数量以及各椎骨长度有关[30⁃31]。心、肝、脾、肺、肾和胃是动物体内重要的器官,与动物生命活动息息相关,发育状况可能会影响动物的生长,各脏器的重量在一定程度上可体现其发育程度的强弱[32]。本研究发现,宰前活重、胴体重、胴体长、眼肌面积、瘦肉重、骨重和后腿重等胴体性状与脏器重性状呈显著正相关(P<0.05),这与3个杂交组合上述胴体性状和脏器重性状均显著高于纯种玉山黑猪(P<0.05)相互印证。
肉色是评价猪肉品质的参考指标之一,肉色偏白或偏暗都会影响消费者的购买欲。本研究结果发现,玉山黑猪及其3个二元杂交组合猪的肉色评分都属于正常的3~4分,说明杂交后肉色未发生显著改变。L值也是评价肉色的一个重要指标,根据《猪肉品质测定技术规程》(NY/T 821—2019)评判标准,L值为37~52,对应肉色评分值3~4分,属正常肉色,本研究4个试验组的L值均在42~44之间,为正常值,且组间差异不显著,与肉色评分结果一致。pH大小代表猪肉的酸碱度,是判断正常肉或异常肉(PSE或DFD肉)的参考依据,也是反映猪宰后肌糖原酵解速率的重要指标。本研究4个试验组的pH1和pH24都属于正常范围且无显著差异,与肉色测定结果相一致。大理石纹评分、肌内脂肪含量和剪切力是评价猪肉嫩度的重要参考指标。一般而言,大理石纹评分和肌内脂肪含量越高,相应的剪切力越低,肌肉越嫩。本研究结果发现,BY组的大理石纹评分和肌内脂肪含量最低、剪切力最高,YY组的肌内脂肪含量最高、剪切力最小,表明BY组降低了肌肉嫩度;而DY组大理石纹评分和肌内脂肪含量与YY组差异不显著,但剪切力显著增加,这与凉山猪的研究结果相一致[12]。巴克夏猪良好肉质性状未在BY杂交猪中体现出杂种优势的可能原因之一是巴克夏猪在培育过程中引入了中国地方猪种血统,导致其基因组中与脂肪代谢相关的基因区域与中国地方猪高度相似[33],遗传距离相对更近,杂种优势不够显著,但需要相关试验和数据分析进行验证。
免疫球蛋白(Ig)是指具有抗体活性或化学结构,与抗体分子相似的球蛋白,可分为IgG、IgA、IgM、IgD和IgE这5类,其中IgG、IgA和IgM是评估动物免疫系统功能常用的重要参考指标。IgG是血清中免疫球蛋白的主成分,约占总免疫球蛋白含量的75%。IgG能够激活补体系统,促进吞噬细胞的吞噬活性,并参与抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性反应。IgM是分子量最大的免疫球蛋白,在第一次体液免疫反应中产生,由B细胞分泌,占总免疫球蛋白含量的5%~10%。IgA能抑制微生物在呼吸道上皮附着,减缓病毒繁殖,有重要的免疫屏障作用,对某些病毒、细菌和—般抗原具有抗体活性,是防止病原体入侵机体的第一道防线,占总免疫球蛋白含量的10%~20%[34⁃35]。因此,血清中IgG、IgA和IgM水平在一定程度上代表了机体的免疫力和抗病力。本研究中,3个杂交组合血清IgG、IgA和IgM的浓度均与纯种玉山黑猪无显著差异(P>0.05),而DY组血清IgA浓度极显著低于BY和SY组(P<0.01)、IgG浓度显著低于BY和SY组(P<0.05),说明DY组的免疫力和抗病力可能弱于BY和SY组,但需要开展相关试验进行检验。
活性氧和抗氧化机制之间的不平衡会导致氧化应激[36],而氧化应激不仅会影响肠道屏障功能[37]、损害免疫力[38],还会损伤细胞成分,包括蛋白质、脂质和DNA,影响肌肉代谢,加速蛋白质降解[39],因此,提高动物的抗氧化能力对维持健康和生长发育具有重要作用。CAT、GSH-Px、SOD、T-AOC和MDA是用于评价动物抗氧化能力的重要参考指标。SOD可将自由基转化成过氧化氢,然后在CAT和GSH-Px的作用下转变为水;MDA是脂质氧化终产物之一,体现了脂质氧化的程度;而T-AOC可反映机体的总抗氧化能力。血清中CAT、GSH-Px、SOD和T-AOC含量的升高以及MDA含量的降低可说明机体抗氧化能力的增强[40-41]。本研究血清抗氧化指标分析结果表明,DY组的GSH-Px和MDA含量最低,SY组的SOD含量最低,而BY组的5个抗氧化指标与YY组均无显著差异(P>0.05),说明玉山黑猪与巴克夏杂交后代的抗氧化能力没有发生显著变化,而与杜洛克和山下长黑猪的杂交后代抗氧化能力可能会发生改变。
血糖(GLU)是指血液中的葡萄糖,是评估机体葡萄糖代谢能力的重要参考指标,主要来源于食物、糖原降解和糖异生。体内血糖的稳定主要由胰岛素和胰高血糖素来调控,此外肾上腺素、生长激素和皮质醇等激素也会影响血糖的动态平衡。有研究表明,血糖浓度可能受基因影响[42];在人类中的研究结果表明,空腹血糖浓度的遗传力高达0.62±0.08,是高遗传力性状[43]。本研究结果发现,4个试验组GLU浓度存在极显著差异(P<0.01),可能的原因是4个组合的父本不同,后代中影响GLU浓度的基因位点不同,进而导致血糖浓度有所差异。
血脂是血液中中性脂肪和类脂的总称,是细胞代谢的必需物质,主要来自食物和体内合成分解。血脂中的胆固醇不仅可以用来合成细胞膜,还在生产维生素D、类固醇激素、胆汁酸和许多其他必需生物分子中起着关键作用[44]。甘油三酯是脂质组成成分之一,储存在脂肪细胞中,在脂肪酶的作用下分解成脂肪酸和甘油进入血液循环,进而被组织细胞利用。当体内脂质合成和分解的平衡被打破时,脂质及其代谢产物的种类和含量就会发生异常,导致机体代谢紊乱,诱发疾病[45]。血清中TG、TC、HDL-C和LDL-C的水平能够反映机体能量储备及消耗情况[46],是常用的评价机体脂质代谢情况的重要参考指标。本研究结果发现,4个试验组只有TG含量存在差异,且SY组极显著低于DY和BY组(P<0.01),与YY组无差异(P>0.05)。同时,SY组的平均背膘厚和总板油重小于BY(P<0.05)和DY组(P>0.05),说明血清TG含量可能会影响脂肪沉积[47]。
本研究比较分析了玉山黑猪与其杜玉、巴玉和山玉二元杂交组合猪在育肥、屠宰、肉质等生产和经济性状以及免疫、抗氧化和血糖血脂等血清生化指标的差异。结果表明,3个杂交组合的ADG均高于玉山黑猪、而FCR均低于玉山黑猪,巴玉组合育肥期ADG高于杜玉和山玉组合,FCR低于杜玉和山玉组合。3个杂交组合的宰前活重、屠宰率、瘦肉率、肋骨数和眼肌面积等重要胴体性状均优于玉山黑猪,杜玉组合在瘦肉率和眼肌面积等瘦肉产量性状上更有优势。3个杂交组合在大部分肉质性状上与玉山黑猪相比无显著差异,其中杜玉组合的肉质性状与玉山黑猪的肉质性状差异最小。3个杂交组合免疫、抗氧化和血脂等血清生化指标与玉山黑猪没有较大差异,但杜玉组合的IgA、IgG、GSH-Px、MDA和GLU等指标低于巴玉和山玉组合,山玉组合的血清GLU水平最高。综上所述,杜玉和巴玉二元杂交组合更适用于玉山黑猪杂交利用,但需要结合实际生产目标择优选择。
  • 优质肉猪新品种培育(2022JXCQZY01)
  • 江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养项目(JXSNKYJCRC202411)
  • 江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养项目(JXSNKYJCRC202307)
  • 江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养项目(JXSNKYJCRC202217)
  • 江西省现代农业产业技术体系生猪良种繁育岗位(JXARS-10)
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2026年第57卷第1期
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doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.011
  • 接收时间:2025-06-06
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-01-23
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-06
基金
优质肉猪新品种培育(2022JXCQZY01)
江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养项目(JXSNKYJCRC202411)
江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养项目(JXSNKYJCRC202307)
江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养项目(JXSNKYJCRC202217)
江西省现代农业产业技术体系生猪良种繁育岗位(JXARS-10)
作者信息
    1.江西省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所/畜禽绿色健康养殖江西省重点实验室,南昌 330200
    2.江西省玉山黑猪原种场,上饶 334700

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季华员,主要从事生猪遗传育种研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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