Article(id=1307007766078451834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1744214400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789544534463, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1769097600000, pubDateStr=2026-01-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789544534463, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789544534463, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789544534463, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307007396681900041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, year='2026', volume='57', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='568', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769097600000', pubDateStr='2026-01-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789544446392, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789609890784, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307281890638057732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307281890738721029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, issueId=1307007396681900041, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=108, endPage=119, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307007766359470203, articleId=1307007766078451834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=EN, title=Mechanisms and Influencing Factors of Horizontal Transfer of Drug-resistant Genes in Salmonella, columnId=1307007397399126026, journalTitle=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, columnName=REVIEW, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Salmonella is a common foodborne pathogen worldwide. With the promotion and use of antibiotics, more and more Salmonella produce or acquire antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) through vertical transmission and horizontal gene transfer (HGT), causing widespread dissemination of antibiotic resistance. In the process of horizontal gene transfer, ARGs are mainly carried by mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which are important mediators of HGT and can facilitate the spread of ARGs. Among them, MGEs mainly include plasmids, integrons and conjugative elements, transposons, insertion sequences, and phages, etc. MGE-associated transfer mechanisms, accessory gene compositions, and relationships between ARG dissemination and animal sources and geographic environments vary. The aim of this review is to outline the HGT mechanism of ARG in Salmonella, the different MGE-mediated HGT mechanisms and the influencing factors of HGT occurrence and development, which is of great significance for the in-depth investigation of the HGT mechanism of drug resistance in Salmonella.

, authors=Zeyuan SUN, Lingxian XIANG, Lin LI, Runan ZUO, authorsList=Zeyuan SUN, Lingxian XIANG, Lin LI, Runan ZUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Runan ZUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZUO Runan, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307007768779583620, articleId=1307007766078451834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, language=CN, title=沙门菌耐药基因水平转移机制及影响因素, columnId=1307007397566898188, journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

沙门菌(Salmonella)是全球范围内常见的食源性病原体,随着抗生素的推广和使用,越来越多的沙门菌通过垂直传递以及基因水平转移(horizontal gene transfer, HGT)获得抗生素耐药基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs),导致抗生素耐药性的广泛传播。ARG发生水平转移过程中,主要由相关移动遗传元件(mobile genetic element, MGE)所携带。MGE是HGT的重要介质,可促进ARG的传播。其中,MGE主要包括质粒、整合子、接合元件、转座子、插入序列和噬菌体等。不同MGE相关的转移机制、附属基因组成、ARG的复制扩散与动物来源以及环境因素之间存在显著差异。本综述旨在概述沙门菌中ARG的HGT机制、不同MGE介导的HGT机制和HGT发生与发展的影响因素,对深入探究沙门菌耐药基因通过HGT传播的机制具有重要的指导意义。

, authors=孙泽远, 向令娴, 李琳, 左儒楠, authorsList=孙泽远, 向令娴, 李琳, 左儒楠, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=左儒楠, authorNote=

孙泽远,硕士生,主要从事兽医药理与毒理学研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
左儒楠,主要从事兽医药理与毒理学研究,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=NN5bIJUlJ7oItTwsloZyCQ==, magXml=wvMLfmCRFKg92ZJCB1siGw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=0KhehrwbC5gOcFqACi+95w==, pdfFileSize=650371, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=gO6xuyFMFF//OfJejYJ8mw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1307286532818227335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2820354323@stu.ahau.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307286532902113417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, authorId=1307286532818227335, language=EN, stringName=Zeyuan SUN, firstName=Zeyuan, middleName=null, lastName=SUN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307286532985999498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, authorId=1307286532818227335, language=CN, stringName=孙泽远, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036, bio={"content":"

孙泽远,硕士生,主要从事兽医药理与毒理学研究,E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

孙泽远,硕士生,主要从事兽医药理与毒理学研究,E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307286532730146947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532738535556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532746924165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036)])]), Author(id=1307286533053108364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307286533149577358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, authorId=1307286533053108364, language=EN, stringName=Lingxian XIANG, firstName=Lingxian, middleName=null, lastName=XIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307286533212491919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, authorId=1307286533053108364, language=CN, stringName=向令娴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307286532730146947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532738535556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532746924165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036)])]), Author(id=1307286533292183697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307286533413818515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, authorId=1307286533292183697, language=EN, stringName=Lin LI, firstName=Lin, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307286533489315988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, authorId=1307286533292183697, language=CN, stringName=李琳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307286532730146947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532738535556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532746924165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036)])]), Author(id=1307286533556424854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zrn910314@ahau.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307286533623533720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, authorId=1307286533556424854, language=EN, stringName=Runan ZUO, firstName=Runan, middleName=null, lastName=ZUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307286533699031193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, authorId=1307286533556424854, language=CN, stringName=左儒楠, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307286532730146947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532738535556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532746924165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1307286533854220442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Salmonella), Keyword(id=1307286533917135003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=horizontal gene transfer), Keyword(id=1307286533988438172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=antibiotic resistance gene), Keyword(id=1307286534059741341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=mobile genetic element), Keyword(id=1307286534126850206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=沙门菌), Keyword(id=1307286534206541983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=水平基因转移), Keyword(id=1307286534290428064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=抗生素耐药基因), Keyword(id=1307286534370119841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=移动遗传元件)], refs=[Reference(id=1307286535246729385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU J E,WU H,WU S B,et al.Salmonella:Infection mechanism and control strategies[J].Microbiol Res,2025,292:128013., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286535322226858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GBD 2021 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators.Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990-2021:a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050[J].Lancet (London,England),2024,404(10459):1199-1226., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286535401918635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=COOK M A,WRIGHT G D.The past,present,and future of antibiotics[J].Sci Transl Med,2022,14(657):eabo7793., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286535477416108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAREY M E,DYSON Z A,INGLE D J,et al.Global diversity and antimicrobial resistance of typhoid fever pathogens:Insights from a meta-analysis of 13,000 Salmonella Typhi genomes[J].eLife,2023,12:e85867., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286535544524973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU H B,ZHENG L J,FAN H M,et al.Genomic analysis of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in eight strains of nontyphoid Salmonella[J].mSystems,2024,9(9):e00586-24., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286537268383918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=POLZ M F,ALM E J,HANAGE W P.Horizontal gene transfer and the evolution of bacterial and archaeal population structure[J].Trends Genet,2013,29(3):170-175., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286537343881391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TOYOFUKU M,SCHILD S,KAPARAKIS-LIASKOS M,et al.Composition and functions of bacterial membrane vesicles[J].Nat Rev Microbiol,2023,21(7):415-430., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286537444544688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RODRÍGUEZ-BELTRÁN J,DELAFUENTE J,LEÓN-SAMPEDRO R,et al.Beyond horizontal gene transfer:the role of plasmids in bacterial evolution[J].Nat Rev Microbiol,2021,19(6):347-359., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286537528430769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PARTRIDGE S R,KWONG S M,FIRTH N,et al.Mobile genetic elements associated with antimicrobial resistance[J].Clin Microbiol Rev,2018,31(4):e00088-17., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286537608122546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ABUKHATTAB S,HOSCH S,ABU-RMEILEH N M E,et al.Whole-genome sequencing for One Health surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in conflict zones:a case study of Salmonella spp.and Campylobacter spp.in the West Bank,Palestine[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2023,89(9):e0065823., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286537675231411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANSIRICHAIYA S,GOODMAN R N,GUO X,et al.Intracellular transposition and capture of mobile genetic elements following intercellular conjugation of multidrug resistance conjugative plasmids from clinical enterobacteriaceae isolates[J].Microbiol Spect,2022,10(1):e0214021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286537746534580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOLLENKOPF D F,MATHYS D A,DARGATZ D A,et al.Genotypic and epidemiologic characterization of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistant Salmonella enterica from US beef feedlots[J].Prev Vet Med,2017,146:143-149., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286537830420661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEÓN-SAMPEDRO R,DELAFUENTE J,DÍAZ-AGERO C,et al.Pervasive transmission of a carbapenem resistance plasmid in the gut microbiota of hospitalized patients[J].Nat Microbiol,2021,6(5):606-616., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286537914306742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ACMAN M,WANG R,VAN DORP L,et al.Role of mobile genetic elements in the global dissemination of the carbapenem resistance gene blaNDM[J].Nat Commun,2022,13(1) 1131., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286537985609911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROBERTS A P,MULLANY P.Tn916-like genetic elements:a diverse group of modular mobile elements conferring antibiotic resistance[J].FEMS Microbiol Rev,2011,35(5):856-871., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286538065301688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵秋云,沈焕钧,宋厚辉,等.一株携带耐药基因blaCTX-M-27沙门菌P1-CTX噬菌体-质粒的分离及生物学特性分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2025,56(7):3519-3527., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286538157576377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Q Y,SHEN H J,SONG H H,et al.Isolation and characterization of Salmonella phage P1-CTX carrying blaCTX-M-27[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2025,56(7):3519-3527.(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286538241462458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EMOND-RHEAULT J G,HAMEL J,JEUKENS J,et al.The Salmonella enterica plasmidome as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance[J].Microorganisms,2020,8(7):1016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286538342125755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张 鹏.抗菌药物促进携带质粒细菌的体外进化、小鼠肠道定殖及其肠道菌群影响机制的研究[D].天津:南开大学,2021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286538417623228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG P.Antibacterial agents catalized the evolution ofplasmid-carrying bacteria,facilitated their gutcolonization,and induced the intestinal injuryvia disturbing gut microbiota[D].Tianjin:Nankai University,2021.(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286538509897917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RODRIGUES G L,PANZENHAGEN P,FERRARI R G,et al.Frequency of antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella from Brazil by in silico whole-genome sequencing analysis:An overview of the last four decades[J].Front Microbiol,2020,11:1864., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286538585395390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN K,DONG N,ZHAO S,et al.Identification and characterization of conjugative plasmids that encode ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2018,62(8):e00575-18., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286538690252991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUINEY D G,FIERER J.The role of the spv genes in Salmonella pathogenesis[J].Front Microbiol,2011,2:129., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286538761556160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROZWANDOWICZ M,BROUWER M S M,FISCHER J,et al.Plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae[J].J Antimicrob Chemother,2018,73(5):1121-1137., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286538858025153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Y Y,WANG Y,WALSH T R,et al.Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China:a microbiological and molecular biological study[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2016,16(2):161-168., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286538933522626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAN J,LYNNE A M,DAVID D E,et al.DNA sequence analysis of plasmids from multidrug resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolates[J].PloS One,2012,7(12):e51160., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286539000631491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN K,CHAN E W C,CHEN S.Evolution and transmission of a conjugative plasmid encoding both ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone resistance in Salmonella[J].Emerg Microbes Infect,2019,8(1):396-403., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286539076128964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALIKHAN N F,MORENO L Z,CASTELLANOS L R,et al.Dynamics of Salmonella enterica and antimicrobial resistance in the Brazilian poultry industry and global impacts on public health[J].PLoS Genet,2022,18(6):e1010174., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286539143237829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE M,CHEN K,CHAN E W C,et al.Identification and genetic characterization of two conjugative plasmids that confer azithromycin resistance in Salmonella[J].Emerg Microbes Infect,2022,11(1):1049-1057., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286539222929606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN K,YANG C,DONG N,et al.Evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance-encoding genetic elements in Salmonella[J].mSystems,2020,5(6):e01234-20., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286539298427079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Y,CAO Z,CUI L,et al.Enrofloxacin promotes plasmid-mediated conjugation transfer of fluoroquinolone-resistance gene qnrS[J].Front Microbiol,2021,12:773664., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286539399090376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU F,CHEN Q,YU X,et al.High prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant aac(6′)-Ib-cr amongst Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates from hospitalised paediatric patients with diarrhoea in China[J].Int J Antimicrob Agents,2011,37(2):152-155., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286539470393545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHAUDHARI R,SINGH K,KODGIRE P.Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp[J].Res Microbiol,2023,174(1-2):103985., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286539529113802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=苏志国,张 衍,代天娇,等.环境中抗生素抗性基因与Ⅰ型整合子的研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2018,45(10):2217-2233., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286539600416971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SU Z G,ZHANG Y,DAI T J,et al.Antibiotic resistance genes and class 1 integron in the environment:research progressSU[J].Microbiology China,2018,45(10):2217-2233.(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286539776577740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA J,AN N,LI W,et al.Antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of gene cassettes from class 1 integrons in Salmonella strains[J].J Med Microbiol,2022,71(9):doi:10.1099/jmm.0.001574., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286539856269517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=田禹齐.鼠伤寒沙门菌单相变异体SugE外排泵抵御季铵盐消毒剂的机制及其对毒力的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2024., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286539927572686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TIAN Y Q.Mechanism of resistance to quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant by SugE effector pump of monophase variant of Salmonella typhimurium and its influence on virulence [D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2024.(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286540015653071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李彦媚,赵喜红,徐泽智,等.新型细菌耐药元件——整合子系统[J].中国抗生素杂志,2012,37(1):1-7., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286541815009488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y M,ZHAO X H,XU Z Z,et al.Novel bacterial drug resistance components:integrated subsystem [J].Chinese Journal of Antibiotics,2012,37(01):1-7.(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286541915672785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VILLA L,CARATTOLI A.Integrons and transposons on the Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium virulence plasmid[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2005,49(3):1194-1197., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286541995364562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LAI J,WANG Y,SHEN J,et al.Unique class 1 integron and multiple resistance genes co-located on IncHI2 plasmid is associated with the emerging multidrug resistance of Salmonella Indiana isolated from chicken in China[J].Foodborne Pathog Dis,2013,10(7):581-588., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286542070862035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG X,KONG N,CAO M,et al.Comparison of class 2 integron integrase activities[J].Curr Microbiol,2021,78(3):967-978., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286542146359508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEI Q,HU Q,LI S,et al.A novel functional class 2 integron in clinical Proteus mirabilis isolates[J].J Antimicrob Chemother,2014,69(4):973-976., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286542221856981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ARGÜELLO H,GUERRA B,RODRÍGUEZ I,et al.Characterization of antimicrobial resistance determinants and Class 1 and Class 2 integrons in Salmonella enterica spp.,multidrug-resistant isolates from pigs[J].Genes,2018,9(5):256., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286542284771542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HANSSON K,SUNDSTRÖM L,PELLETIER A,et al.IntI2 integron integrase in Tn7[J].J Bacteriol,2002,184(6):1712-1721., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286542372851927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RAMÍREZ M S,QUIROGA C,CENTRÓN D.Novel rearrangement of a class 2 integron in two non-epidemiologically related isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2005,49(12):5179-5181., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286542456738008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KIM S,KIM S H,KIM J,et al.Occurrence and distribution of various genetic structures of class 1 and class 2 integrons in Salmonella enterica isolates from foodborne disease patients in Korea for 16 years[J].Foodborne Pathog Dis,2011,8(2):319-324., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286542515458265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VAN T T H,NGUYEN H N K,SMOOKER P M,et al.The antibiotic resistance characteristics of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolated from food-producing animals,retail meat and humans in South East Asia[J].Int J Food Microbiol,2012,154(3):98-106., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286542603538650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DELAVAT F,MIYAZAKI R,CARRARO N,et al.The hidden life of integrative and conjugative elements[J].FEMS Microbiol Rev,2017,41(4):512-537., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286542674841819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TOKUDA M,SHINTANI M.Microbial evolution through horizontal gene transfer by mobile genetic elements[J].Microb Biotechnol,2024,17(1):e14408., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286542804865244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=丁瑞雪.乳源大肠杆菌耐药基因blaCTX-M的定位及水平转移分子机制研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286542930694365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DING R X.Localization and molecular mechanism of horizontal transfer of blaCTX-M gene in milk-derived Escherichia coli [D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2023.(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286543022969054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DE CURRAIZE C,SIEBOR E,NEUWIRTH C.Genomic islands related to Salmonella genomic island 1; integrative mobilisable elements in trmE mobilised in trans by A/C plasmids[J].Plasmid,2021,114:102565., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286543132020959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DOUBLET B,BOYD D,MULVEY M R,et al.The Salmonella genomic island 1 is an integrative mobilizable element[J].Mol Microbiol,2005,55(6):1911-1924., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286543186546912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=于润浩.可移动元件促进肠杆菌科细菌替加环素耐药基因传播及耐药水平增强的机制[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2024., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286543266238689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU R H.Mechanism of mobile elements promoting the spread and enhancement of tigacycline resistance gene in Enterobacteriaceae[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2024.(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286543324958946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIGRO S,HALL R M.Distribution of the blaOXA-23-containing transposons Tn2006 and Tn2008 in Australian carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates[J].J Antimicrob Chemother,2015,70(8):2409-2411., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286543404650723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐敏嘉,何卓琳,蒲万霞.获得性16S rRNA甲基化酶的研究进展[J].畜牧兽医学报,2021,52(9):2369-2383., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286543488536804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG M J,HE Z L,PU W X.The research progress of acquired 16S rRNA methyltransferases[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2021,52(9):2369-2383.(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286543572422885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GU Y,LÜ Z,CAO C,et al.Cunning plasmid fusion mediates antibiotic resistance genes represented by ESBLs encoding genes transfer in foodborne Salmonella[J].Int J Food Microbiol,2021,355:109336., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286543656308966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIEBERT C A,HALL R M,SUMMERS A O.Transposon Tn21,flagship of the floating genome[J].Microbiol Mol Biol Rev,1999,63(3):507-522., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286543748583655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN C L,SU L H,JANAPATLA R P,et al.Genetic analysis of virulence and antimicrobial-resistant plasmid pOU7519 in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis[J].J Microbiol Immunol Infect,2020,53(1):49-59., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286543819886824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=63, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU L,HAN Y Y,YANG X,et al.Whole genome sequence of Salmonella Rissen SCSW714,a porcine strain harbouring a novel multidrug-resistant Tn7-like pco- and sil-containing transposon[J].J Glob Antimicrob Resist,2022,29:307-309., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286543886995689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Y,HAN Y,QIAN C,et al.A novel transposon Tn7540 carrying blaNDM-9 and fosA3 in chromosome of a pathogenic multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana isolated from human faeces[J].J Glob Antimicrob Resist,2023,33:72-77., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286543941521642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=65, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HARMER C J,HALL R M.IS26 and the IS26 family:versatile resistance gene movers and genome reorganizers[J].Microbiol Mol Biol Rev,2024,88(2):e0011922., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286544025407723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=66, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHE Y,YANG Y,XU X,et al.Conjugative plasmids interact with insertion sequences to shape the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2021,118(6):e2008731118., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286544109293804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VARANI A,HE S,SIGUIER P,et al.The IS6 family,a clinically important group of insertion sequences including IS26[J].Mobile DNA,2021,12(1):11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286544184791277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KRÜGER G I,PARDO-ESTÉ C,ZEPEDA P,et al.Mobile genetic elements drive the multidrug resistance and spread of Salmonella serotypes along a poultry meat production line[J].Front Microbiol,2023,14:1072793., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286544260288750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=69, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GRIFFITH F.The significance of pneumococcal types[J].J Hyg (Lond),1928,27(2):113-159., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286544327397615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=70, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GARRIDO V,ARRIETA-GISASOLA A,MIGURA-GARCÍA L,et al.Multidrug resistance in Salmonella isolates of swine origin:mobile genetic elements and plasmids associated with cephalosporin resistance with potential transmission to humans[J].App Environ Microbiol,2024,90(5):e0026424., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286544386117872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=71, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG P,DU Q,WANG Y,et al.Systematic representation and optimization enable the inverse design of cross-species regulatory sequences in bacteria[J].Nat Commun,2025,16(1):1763., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286544449032433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=72, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUMPHREY S,FILLOL-SALOM A,QUILES-PUCHALT N,et al.Bacterial chromosomal mobility via lateral transduction exceeds that of classical mobile genetic elements[J].Nat Commun,2021,12(1):6509., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286544511946994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=73, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU J,CHEN J,NIE Y,et al.Characterizing the gut phageome and phage-borne antimicrobial resistance genes in pigs[J].Microbiome,2024,12(1):102., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286546227417331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=74, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG S,ABBAS M,REHMAN M U,et al.Updates on the global dissemination of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli:An emerging threat to public health[J].Sci Total Environ,2021,799:149280., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286546315497716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[68], rfOrder=75, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WAN Y,WICK R R,ZOBEL J,et al.GeneMates:an R package for detecting horizontal gene co-transfer between bacteria using gene-gene associations controlled for population structure[J].BMC Genomics,2020,21(1):658., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286546399383797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=76, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冉红丽,温 馨,胥娇娇,等.种养循环模式中黏菌素抗性基因mcr-1的归趋[J].畜牧兽医学报,2025,56(10):4851-4862., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286546525212918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=77, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RAN H L,WEN X,XU J J,et al.Fate of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in crop-livestock integrated farming systems[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2025,56(10):4851-4862.(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286546600710391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=78, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JI Y,XI H,ZHAO Z,et al.Metagenomics analysis reveals potential pathways and drivers of piglet gut phage-mediated transfer of ARGs[J].Sci Total Environ,2023,859(Pt 2):160304., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286546688790776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[71], rfOrder=79, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI L,ZHANG M,WANG W,et al.Identification and characterization of two novel ISCR1-associated genes dfrA42 and dfrA43 encoding trimethoprim resistant dihydrofolate reductases[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2023,95(5):e02010-20,AAC.02010-20., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286546768482553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=80, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GEORJON H,BERNHEIM A.The highly diverse antiphage defence systems of bacteria[J].Nat Rev Microbiol,2023,21(10):686-700., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286546864951546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[73], rfOrder=81, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUSSAIN F A,DUBERT J,ELSHERBINI J,et al.Rapid evolutionary turnover of mobile genetic elements drives bacterial resistance to phages[J].Science (New York,N.Y.),2021,374(6566):488-492., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286546927866107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[74], rfOrder=82, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG J,DAI X,WU Z,et al.Conjugative transfer of streptococcal prophages harboring antibiotic resistance and virulence genes[J].ISME J,2023,17(9):1467-1481., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286546990780668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[75], rfOrder=83, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIAO H,LIU C,ZHOU S,et al.Prophage-encoded antibiotic resistance genes are enriched in human-impacted environments[J].Nat Commun,2024,15(1):8315., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286547049500925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[76], rfOrder=84, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SIMON A J,ELLINGTON A D,FINKELSTEIN I J.Retrons and their applications in genome engineering[J].Nucleic Acids Res,2019,47(21):11007-11019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286547124998398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[77], rfOrder=85, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MILLMAN A,BERNHEIM A,STOKAR-AVIHAIL A,et al.Bacterial retrons function in anti-phage defense[J].Cell,2020,183(6):1551-1561.e12., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286547204690175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[78], rfOrder=86, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SASAKI T,TAKITA S,FUJISHIRO T,et al.Phage single-stranded DNA-binding protein or host DNA damage triggers the activation of the AbpAB phage defense system[J].mSphere,2023,8(6):e0037223., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286547305353472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[79], rfOrder=87, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG M,YAO Y,YANG Y,et al.The characterization of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and their role in mediating antibiotic-resistance gene transfer through natural transformation in Riemerella anatipestifer[J].Poult Sci,2025,104(2):104730., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286547385045249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[80], rfOrder=88, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU H,TAN C,LI C,et al.ESBL-Escherichia coli extracellular vesicles mediate bacterial resistance to β-lactam and mediate horizontal transfer of blaCTX-M-55[J].Int J Antimicrob Agents,2024,63(5):107145., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286547452154114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[81], rfOrder=89, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SCHWECHHEIMER C,KUEHN M J.Outer-membrane vesicles from Gram-negative bacteria:biogenesis and functions[J].Nat Rev Microbiol,2015,13(10):605-619., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286547540234499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[82], rfOrder=90, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KAPARAKIS-LIASKOS M,FERRERO R L.Immune modulation by bacterial outer membrane vesicles[J].Nat Rev Immunol,2015,15(6):375-387., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286547603149060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[83], rfOrder=91, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MARCHANT P,VIVANCO E,SILVA A,et al.β-lactam-induced OMV release promotes polymyxin tolerance in Salmonella enterica sv.Typhi[J].Front Microbiol,2024,15:1389663., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286547695423749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[84], rfOrder=92, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MARINACCI B,KRZYŻEK P,PELLEGRINI B,et al.Latest update on outer membrane vesicles and their role in horizontal gene transfer:A mini-review[J].Membranes,2023,13(11):860., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286547766726918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[85], rfOrder=93, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FULSUNDAR S,HARMS K,FLATEN G E,et al.Gene transfer potential of outer membrane vesicles of Acinetobacter baylyi and effects of stress on vesiculation[J].App Environ Microbiol,2014,80(11):3469-3483., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286547859001607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[86], rfOrder=94, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BIELASZEWSKA M,DANIEL O,KARCH H,et al.Dissemination of the blaCTX-M-15 gene among Enterobacteriaceae via outer membrane vesicles[J].J Antimicrob Chemother,2020,75(9):2442-2451., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286547942887688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[87], rfOrder=95, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MARTÍNEZ M M B,BONOMO R A,VILA A J,et al.On the offensive:the role of outer membrane vesicles in the successful dissemination of new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1)[J].mBio,2021,12(5):e0183621., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286548035162377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[88], rfOrder=96, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NEVERMANN J,SILVA A,OTERO C,et al.Identification of genes involved in biogenesis of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi[J].Front Microbiol,2019,10:104., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286548119048458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[89], rfOrder=97, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MARCHANT P,CARREÑO A,VIVANCO E,et al.“One for all”:Functional transfer of OMV-mediated polymyxin B resistance from Salmonella enterica sv.Typhi ΔtolR and ΔdegS to susceptible bacteria[J].Front Microbiol,2021,12:672467., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286548198740235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[90], rfOrder=98, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU J,LI L,PAN F,et al.PagC is involved in salmonella pullorum OMVs production and affects biofilm production[J].Vet Microbiol,2020,247:108778., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286548295209228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[91], rfOrder=99, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HILLE F,RICHTER H,WONG S P,et al.The biology of CRISPR-Cas:Backward and forward[J].Cell,2018,172(6):1239-1259., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286548374901005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[92], rfOrder=100, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU K,CHOU C W,WILKE C O,et al.Distinct horizontal transfer mechanisms for type I and type V CRISPR-associated transposons[J].Nat Commun,2024,15(1):6653., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286548454592782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[93], rfOrder=101, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=STRECKER J,LADHA A,GARDNER Z,et al.RNA-guided DNA insertion with CRISPR-associated transposases[J].Science (New York,N.Y.),2019,365(6448):48-53., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286548563644687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[94], rfOrder=102, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PETASSI M T,HSIEH S C,PETERS J E.Guide RNA categorization enables target site choice in Tn7-CRISPR-Cas transposons[J].Cell,2020,183(7):1757-1771.e18., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286548651725072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[95], rfOrder=103, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KLOMPE S E,VO P L H,HALPIN-HEALY T S,et al.Transposon-encoded CRISPR-Cas systems direct RNA-guided DNA integration[J].Nature,2019,571(7764):219-225., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286548743999761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[96], rfOrder=104, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SAITO M,LADHA A,STRECKER J,et al.Dual modes of CRISPR-associated transposon homing[J].Cell,2021,184(9):2441-2453.e18., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286548823691538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[97], rfOrder=105, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG X Y,SHEN Z,WANG C,et al.DdmDE eliminates plasmid invasion by DNA-guided DNA targeting[J].Cell,2024,187(19):5253-5266.e16., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286548899189011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[98], rfOrder=106, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y,LIU B,GRENIER D,et al.Regulatory mechanisms of the LuxS/AI-2 system and bacterial resistance[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2019,63(10):e01186-19., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286548987269396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[99], rfOrder=107, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZENG X,LIN J.Factors influencing horizontal gene transfer in the intestine[J].Anim Health Res Rev,2017,18(2):153-159., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286550648213781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[100], rfOrder=108, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=于艳超,王莉莉,潘 巧,等.肠炎沙门菌luxS缺失株的构建及其生物学特性研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2018,49(6):1291-1298., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286550761459990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[100], rfOrder=109, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU Y C,WANG L L,PAN Q,et al.Construction and biological characteristics of Salmonella Enterica serovar enteritidis luxS mutant[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2018,49(6):1291-1298.(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286550845346071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[101], rfOrder=110, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y,LU J,MAO L,et al.Antiepileptic drug carbamazepine promotes horizontal transfer of plasmid-borne multi-antibiotic resistance genes within and across bacterial genera[J].ISME J,2019,13(2):509-522., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286550912454936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[102], rfOrder=111, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHINEMEREM NWOBODO D,UGWU M C,OLISELOKE ANIE C,et al.Antibiotic resistance:The challenges and some emerging strategies for tackling a global menace[J].J Clin Lab Anal,2022,36(9):e24655., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286550992146713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[103], rfOrder=112, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PORNSUKAROM S,THAKUR S.Horizontal dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants in multiple Salmonella serotypes following isolation from the commercial swine operation environment after manure application[J].App Environ Microbiol,2017,83(20):e01503-17., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286551117975834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[104], rfOrder=113, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALJAHDALI N H,SANAD Y M,HAN J,et al.Current knowledge and perspectives of potential impacts of Salmonella enterica on the profile of the gut microbiota[J].BMC Microbiol,2020,20(1):353., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286551193473307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[105], rfOrder=114, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FULAZ S,VITALE S,QUINN L,et al.Nanoparticle-biofilm interactions:The role of the EPS matrix[J].Trends Microbiol,2019,27(11):915-926., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286551273165084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[106], rfOrder=115, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SAHU P K,IYER P S,OAK A M,et al.Characterization of eDNA from the clinical strain Acinetobacter baumannii AIIMS 7 and its role in biofilm formation[J].Sci World J,2012,2012:973436., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286551369634077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[107], rfOrder=116, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BUZZO J R,DEVARAJ A,GLOAG E S,et al.Z-form extracellular DNA is a structural component of the bacterial biofilm matrix[J].Cell,2021,184(23):5740-5758.e17., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286551461908766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[108], rfOrder=117, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHARMA D K,RAJPUROHIT Y S.Multitasking functions of bacterial extracellular DNA in biofilms[J].J Bacteriol,2024,206(4):e0000624., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286551541600543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[109], rfOrder=118, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO X P,YANG Y,LU D P,et al.Biofilms as a sink for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the Yangtze Estuary[J].Water Res,2018,129:277-286., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286551629680928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[110], rfOrder=119, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=任之行.土壤抗生素抗性基因转移风险识别与调控[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2024., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286551696789793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[110], rfOrder=120, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REN Z X.Risk identification and regulation of soil antibiotic resistance gene transfer [D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2024.(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286551810036002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[111], rfOrder=121, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=沈 聪.养殖场粪污抗生素和抗性基因分布特征与土霉素降解菌筛选鉴定及降解能力研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2024., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286551872950563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[111], rfOrder=122, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHEN C.Distribution characteristics of antibiotic and resistance genes in manure and study on screening,identification and degradation ability of oxytetracycline degrading bacteria [D].Yinchuan:Ningxia University,2024.(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286551944253732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[112], rfOrder=123, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG H,FENG G,WANG M,et al.Nitric oxide:A neglected driver for the conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among wastewater microbiota[J].Environ Sci Technol,2022,56(10):6466-6478., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286552049111333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[113], rfOrder=124, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DIARD M,BAKKEREN E,CORNUAULT J K,et al.Inflammation boosts bacteriophage transfer between Salmonella spp[J].Science (New York,N.Y.),2017,355(6330):1211-1215., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286552112025894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[114], rfOrder=125, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BRAVO J P K,RAMOS D A,FREGOSO OCAMPO R,et al.Plasmid targeting and destruction by the DdmDE bacterial defence system[J].Nature,2024,630(8018):961-967., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286552187523367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[115], rfOrder=126, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PINILLA-REDONDO R,MAYO-MUÑOZ D,RUSSEL J,et al.Type IV CRISPR-Cas systems are highly diverse and involved in competition between plasmids[J].Nucleic Acids Res,2020,48(4):2000-2012., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286552283992360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[116], rfOrder=127, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MAYO-MUÑOZ D,PINILLA-REDONDO R,BIRKHOLZ N,et al.A host of armor:Prokaryotic immune strategies against mobile genetic elements[J].Cell Rep,2023,42(7):112672., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307286552355295529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[117], rfOrder=128, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LOEFF L,ADAMS D W,CHANEZ C,et al.Molecular mechanism of plasmid elimination by the DdmDE defense system[J].Science (New York,N.Y.),2024,385(6705):188-194., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307286534961516710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, awardId=2024YFE0106300, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFE0106300), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307286535037014183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, awardId=2208085MC79, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽省自然科学基金面上项目(2208085MC79), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307286535104123048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, awardId=2023AH051017, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽省教育厅自然科学基金重点项目(2023AH051017), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307286532730146947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532738535556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532746924165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307286534567252130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

ARGs carried by different conjugative plasmids in Salmonella and their origin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

质粒

Plasmid

耐药性基因

ARGs

来源

Source

引用

Cite

IncA/CstrAB、sul2、tetAR、blaCMY-2、floR动物(牛)[20]
IncFblaTEM-1、cmlA、aadA1、aadA2、sul3人/动物(禽类)[21]
strAB、tetA、tetC、tetD、aphA人/动物(猪)[22]
IncHItetB、tetAR、cat、sul2、blaTEM-1人/动物(牛)[23]
IncImcr-1(与多种质粒相关)人[24]
aadA、aac(3')-IId、sul1、blaTEM-1、tetA动物(火鸡)[25]
IncN/IncXqnr人[23]
), ArticleFig(id=1307286534638555299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同接合性质粒在沙门菌中携带的ARG及其来源

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

质粒

Plasmid

耐药性基因

ARGs

来源

Source

引用

Cite

IncA/CstrAB、sul2、tetAR、blaCMY-2、floR动物(牛)[20]
IncFblaTEM-1、cmlA、aadA1、aadA2、sul3人/动物(禽类)[21]
strAB、tetA、tetC、tetD、aphA人/动物(猪)[22]
IncHItetB、tetAR、cat、sul2、blaTEM-1人/动物(牛)[23]
IncImcr-1(与多种质粒相关)人[24]
aadA、aac(3')-IId、sul1、blaTEM-1、tetA动物(火鸡)[25]
IncN/IncXqnr人[23]
), ArticleFig(id=1307286534722441380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

ARGs found in Salmonella integron gene cassettes and their origin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

耐药性基因/基因阵列

ARGs/ARG cassette

地区

Region

来源

Source

引用

Cite

aadA1泰国动物[44]
aadA4a动物(猪、禽类)
aadA5-orfD-dfrA17dfrA1-orfC动物(猪、禽类)
blaPSE-1马来西亚人/动物(猪、禽类)
aadA2人/动物
dfrA7人/动物
dfrA12-orf-aadA2人/动物
blaOXA-30-aadA1dfrA17-orf-aadA2dfrA17-aadA5越南人/动物
), ArticleFig(id=1307286534810521765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

在沙门菌整合子基因盒中发现的ARG/基因盒阵列及其来源

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

耐药性基因/基因阵列

ARGs/ARG cassette

地区

Region

来源

Source

引用

Cite

aadA1泰国动物[44]
aadA4a动物(猪、禽类)
aadA5-orfD-dfrA17dfrA1-orfC动物(猪、禽类)
blaPSE-1马来西亚人/动物(猪、禽类)
aadA2人/动物
dfrA7人/动物
dfrA12-orf-aadA2人/动物
blaOXA-30-aadA1dfrA17-orf-aadA2dfrA17-aadA5越南人/动物
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1306267422417846359, delFlag=0, nameCn=畜牧兽医学报, nameEn=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0366-6964, eissn=null, cn=11-1985/S, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=lkbuTWCUJ7iVBIRfH50Jkw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1789368022782, updatedTime=1789370363065, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=X, firstLetterEn=X, subjectCode=Agriculture, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Agriculture, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=lkbuTWCUJ7iVBIRfH50Jkw==, picEn=lpjFQiQXDp8Dj5mnLAs9og==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1306277238341656590, language=CN, name=畜牧兽医学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1789370363078, updatedTime=1789370363078, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.xmsyxb.com/JournalX_xmsy/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.xmsyxb.com/JournalX_xmsy/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.xmsyxb.com/JournalX_xmsy/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1306277238396182543, language=EN, name=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1789370363091, updatedTime=1789370363091, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.xmsyxb.com/JournalX_xmsy/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.xmsyxb.com/JournalX_xmsy/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.xmsyxb.com/JournalX_xmsy/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1306274286668972124, websiteList=[Website(id=1306284065666130885, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1306274286668972124, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1789371990840, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1789373819393, updateBy=18614031015, name=畜牧兽医学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=畜牧兽医学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1306291866169790796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1789373850624, updateTime=1789373850624, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866144624969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1789373850618, updateTime=1789373850618, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866186568015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373850628, updateTime=1789373850628, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866136236360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=UW9FSLxGySpUV3G8KWC+Vw==, createTime=1789373850616, updateTime=1789373850616, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866203345233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373850632, updateTime=1789373850632, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866161402187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1789373850622, updateTime=1789373850622, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866194956624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373850630, updateTime=1789373850630, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866153013578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1789373850620, updateTime=1789373850620, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866173985101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1789373850625, updateTime=1789373850625, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291866182373710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065666130885, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1789373850627, updateTime=1789373850627, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1306284065745822666, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1306274286668972124, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1789371990858, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1789373814653, updateBy=18614031015, name=畜牧兽医学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1306291829457047871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1789373841871, updateTime=1789373841871, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829431882044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1789373841865, updateTime=1789373841865, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829478019394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373841876, updateTime=1789373841876, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829419299131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=UW9FSLxGySpUV3G8KWC+Vw==, createTime=1789373841862, updateTime=1789373841862, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829490602308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373841879, updateTime=1789373841879, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829448659262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1789373841869, updateTime=1789373841869, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829486408003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373841878, updateTime=1789373841878, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829440270653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1789373841867, updateTime=1789373841867, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829465436480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1789373841873, updateTime=1789373841873, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291829469630785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065745822666, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1789373841874, updateTime=1789373841874, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=畜牧兽医学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.xmsyxb.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=lkbuTWCUJ7iVBIRfH50Jkw==, journalPhotoEn=lpjFQiQXDp8Dj5mnLAs9og==, journalFirstLetter=X, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/CN/10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.010, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/EN/10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.010, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/CN/PDF/10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.010, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/EN/PDF/10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.010, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1769097600000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
沙门菌耐药基因水平转移机制及影响因素
收藏切换
PDF下载
孙泽远 , 向令娴 , 李琳 , 左儒楠
畜牧兽医学报 | 综述 2026,57(1): 108-119
收起
收藏切换
畜牧兽医学报 |综述 2026 , 57 (1) : 108 -119
沙门菌耐药基因水平转移机制及影响因素
全屏
[Author(id=1307286532818227335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2820354323@stu.ahau.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307286532902113417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, authorId=1307286532818227335, language=EN, stringName=Zeyuan SUN, firstName=Zeyuan, middleName=null, lastName=SUN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307286532985999498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, authorId=1307286532818227335, language=CN, stringName=孙泽远, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036, bio={"content":"

孙泽远,硕士生,主要从事兽医药理与毒理学研究,E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

孙泽远,硕士生,主要从事兽医药理与毒理学研究,E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307286532730146947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532738535556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532746924165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036)])]), Author(id=1307286533053108364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307286533149577358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, authorId=1307286533053108364, language=EN, stringName=Lingxian XIANG, firstName=Lingxian, middleName=null, lastName=XIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307286533212491919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, authorId=1307286533053108364, language=CN, stringName=向令娴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307286532730146947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532738535556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532746924165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036)])]), Author(id=1307286533292183697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307286533413818515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, authorId=1307286533292183697, language=EN, stringName=Lin LI, firstName=Lin, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307286533489315988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, authorId=1307286533292183697, language=CN, stringName=李琳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307286532730146947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532738535556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532746924165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036)])]), Author(id=1307286533556424854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zrn910314@ahau.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307286533623533720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, authorId=1307286533556424854, language=EN, stringName=Runan ZUO, firstName=Runan, middleName=null, lastName=ZUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307286533699031193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, authorId=1307286533556424854, language=CN, stringName=左儒楠, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307286532730146947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532738535556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307286532746924165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274286668972124, articleId=1307007766078451834, companyId=1307286532730146947, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036)])])]
孙泽远 , 向令娴, 李琳, 左儒楠
作者信息
  • 安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036
通讯作者:
左儒楠,主要从事兽医药理与毒理学研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

孙泽远,硕士生,主要从事兽医药理与毒理学研究,E-mail:

Mechanisms and Influencing Factors of Horizontal Transfer of Drug-resistant Genes in Salmonella
Zeyuan SUN , Lingxian XIANG, Lin LI, Runan ZUO
Affiliations
  • College of Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui 230036,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZUO Runan, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-23 doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.010
文章导航
收藏切换

沙门菌(Salmonella)是全球范围内常见的食源性病原体,随着抗生素的推广和使用,越来越多的沙门菌通过垂直传递以及基因水平转移(horizontal gene transfer, HGT)获得抗生素耐药基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs),导致抗生素耐药性的广泛传播。ARG发生水平转移过程中,主要由相关移动遗传元件(mobile genetic element, MGE)所携带。MGE是HGT的重要介质,可促进ARG的传播。其中,MGE主要包括质粒、整合子、接合元件、转座子、插入序列和噬菌体等。不同MGE相关的转移机制、附属基因组成、ARG的复制扩散与动物来源以及环境因素之间存在显著差异。本综述旨在概述沙门菌中ARG的HGT机制、不同MGE介导的HGT机制和HGT发生与发展的影响因素,对深入探究沙门菌耐药基因通过HGT传播的机制具有重要的指导意义。

沙门菌  /  水平基因转移  /  抗生素耐药基因  /  移动遗传元件

Salmonella is a common foodborne pathogen worldwide. With the promotion and use of antibiotics, more and more Salmonella produce or acquire antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) through vertical transmission and horizontal gene transfer (HGT), causing widespread dissemination of antibiotic resistance. In the process of horizontal gene transfer, ARGs are mainly carried by mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which are important mediators of HGT and can facilitate the spread of ARGs. Among them, MGEs mainly include plasmids, integrons and conjugative elements, transposons, insertion sequences, and phages, etc. MGE-associated transfer mechanisms, accessory gene compositions, and relationships between ARG dissemination and animal sources and geographic environments vary. The aim of this review is to outline the HGT mechanism of ARG in Salmonella, the different MGE-mediated HGT mechanisms and the influencing factors of HGT occurrence and development, which is of great significance for the in-depth investigation of the HGT mechanism of drug resistance in Salmonella.

Salmonella  /  horizontal gene transfer  /  antibiotic resistance gene  /  mobile genetic element
孙泽远, 向令娴, 李琳, 左儒楠. 沙门菌耐药基因水平转移机制及影响因素. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026 , 57 (1) : 108 -119 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.010
Zeyuan SUN, Lingxian XIANG, Lin LI, Runan ZUO. Mechanisms and Influencing Factors of Horizontal Transfer of Drug-resistant Genes in Salmonella[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026 , 57 (1) : 108 -119 . DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.010
沙门菌是常见的人类和动物病原体,可导致多种疾病,包括肠胃炎和败血症等,严重时可致死亡[1]。基于一项全球细菌耐药性的系统性回顾研究模型预测,2025—2050年,约3 900万人将死于抗生素耐药性[2]。而近一个世纪以来,抗生素的过度使用促使以沙门菌为代表的多种肠杆菌科细菌获得抗生素耐药基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs),从而表现出抗生素耐药性(antimicrobial resistance,AMR)和多重耐药性(multidrug resistance,MDR),降低抗生素疗效[3]。同时,耐药菌株能通过适应性强的、携带耐药基因的移动遗传元件(mobile genetic elements,MGEs)水平传播至不耐药菌株,导致沙门菌与其他细菌间广泛产生耐药性,对动物性食品生产及畜禽养殖业造成严重影响[4]。
细菌耐药性的产生和传播与基因水平转移(horizontal gene transfer,HGT)密切相关。HGT是指遗传物质从一个细胞转移到另一个细胞的过程,三种经典HGT机制包括接合、转化和转导。沙门菌可作为研究耐药基因水平转移的理想模型,一方面,相较于其他肠杆菌科细菌,其宿主范围(人和多种畜禽)更广泛,是耐药基因种内传播以及跨宿主传播的关键媒介;其次,沙门菌所携带的部分独特的移动遗传元件(例如IncHI2质粒、Ⅰ类整合子等)在肠杆菌科细菌中是携带多重耐药基因簇的重要载体[5]。沙门菌通过MGE发生HGT,将耐药基因或基因簇由供体菌转移给受体菌,促进AMR和MDR的发生[6]。除经典机制外,沙门菌相关ARG可通过外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicle,OMV)、纳米管和生物膜在细胞间传播[7]。目前,关于沙门菌MGE的研究主要包括质粒、转座子、插入序列(insertion sequence,IS)、基因盒和整合子等,它们是ARG的主要传播载体,在HGT过程中发挥关键作用[8]。同时,这些元件可携带一种或多种ARG,通过这些元件促进沙门菌耐药基因组合的多样化,进而导致其耐药性表型的多样化与扩展[9⁃11]。
接合作用(conjugation)是细菌HGT的核心机制之一,通过供体菌与受体菌间接触传递大片段遗传物质(以质粒DNA为主)。其中,接合性质粒转移是HGT的主要方式,是AMR细菌进化的关键驱动因素[12⁃13]。约60%的临床分离沙门菌耐药菌株携带接合性质粒(如IncF、IncI1型),而这些质粒通常整合多重耐药基因簇(如blaNDM-1、mcr-1),形成“超级质粒”[14]。其他MGE(如整合子、转座子),也同样在沙门菌的接合转移过程中发挥作用。
质粒作为携带其他MGE的重要载体,在沙门菌ARG水平传播中起着至关重要的作用[15-16]。根据能否自主接合转移,质粒可分为两类:一类是接合性质粒,另一类是非接合性可移动质粒。接合性质粒具备完整的接合转移系统(Tra基因簇),可以自主完成接合转移。而可移动质粒缺乏完整的Tra基因簇(编码接合转移装置),需依赖接合性质粒协同转移。近期研究发现,沙门菌中大部分接合性质粒可携带编码SOS应激反应系统的调节基因,以提高质粒在宿主菌中的适应性[8]。并且,多数ARG在质粒中稳定性很强,导致耐药性可以在种内以及其他细菌间迅速传播[17]。
目前,在沙门菌中发现的多种接合性质粒(如IncA/C、IncI1、IncHI1、IncHI2型质粒)具有高度的遗传移动性和可塑性,能够有效携带ARG以及水平转移相关辅助基因[18]。最初在沙门菌中发现的由染色体介导的多黏菌素抗性机制通常难以通过HGT传播,而质粒携带的mcr基因介导的多黏菌素耐药性已在全球范围内广泛分布[19]。已在沙门菌中鉴定出携带多种ARG的耐药性质粒(如表1所示)[20-25]。
部分沙门菌的基因组对磺胺类、四环素类和β-内酰胺类药物均显示耐药性,这些耐药性由sul2、tetA和blaCMY-2基因赋予,其中sul2和tetA基因可同时位于IncC质粒上,而blaCMY-2基因可能与sul2和tetA共存于IncC质粒中,或者独立存在于IncI1质粒上,通过质粒水平转移至受体菌[26]。后续研究发现沙门菌中的一种多重耐药整合质粒IncHI2,已被证实是携带介导碳青霉烯类、多黏菌素和喹诺酮类耐药性基因的重要载体,使受体菌获得ARG,并且其携带blaNDM基因的频率显著高于大肠杆菌[27]。据统计,自2000年以来,质粒介导的对喹诺酮类药物的ARG(如qnrA、aac(6')-lb-cr和oqxAB)在沙门菌中日益增多[28⁃29]。在一项针对来源于中国住院儿科患者(未使用喹诺酮类药物)的沙门菌分离株调查研究中,发现环丙沙星耐药率极高,其主要由于携带 aac(6')-Ib-cr基因(乙酰转移酶,介导喹诺酮乙酰化)的接合性质粒在沙门菌中广泛传播[30]。该质粒进一步促进其他质粒(携带qnr、乙酰转移酶和外排泵基因等)转移至非耐药沙门菌[31]。
整合子包含位点重组系统,能够整合、表达并转移称为基因盒(通常携带单个ARG的最小移动元件)的特定DNA序列,通常位于两个整合位点(attI和attC)之间。整合子可分为两种类型:一种是可移动整合子(mobile integrons),包括整合性接合元件(ICE)和整合性移动元件(IME)等,其中Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类整合子与沙门菌中ARG的传播关系最为密切;另一种是染色体整合子(chromosomal integrons),不参与ARG的传播[32]。
Ⅰ类整合子是最普遍的类型,广泛分布于沙门菌不同血清型中,该类整合子由两个保守片段(5'-CS和3'-CS)组成,由可变区(VR)分隔,可变区通常包含一个或多个基因盒[33⁃34]。在沙门菌中,Ⅰ类整合子的作用机制主要体现在两个方面:一是整合子能够捕获和剪切环境中游离的环状基因盒,在整合酶催化下将其特异性整合到自身的attC和attI位点之间,一个整合子可以捕获一个或多个基因盒;二是整合子连同其携带的基因盒可插入到转座子或接合质粒中,借助这些移动元件在质粒、转座子或染色体之间移动,从而实现基因的水平传播和转移[35]。dfrA23作为沙门菌中一种新鉴定出的甲氧苄啶耐药基因,位于毒力基因邻近区域以及与Tn21和Tn1696转座子相连的Ⅰ类整合子区域内[36]。此外,含有大型质粒的沙门菌携带I类整合子的质粒更容易通过HGT获得来自其他细菌(如S. Enteritidis和S. Derby)的ARG,这是MDR进一步扩散的关键原因[37]。Ⅱ类整合子同样是沙门菌ARG水平转移的重要MGE,与Ⅰ类整合子在5' 区具有相同的结构且由保守片段(5'-CS和3'-CS)构成,但具有不同的整合酶基因(intI2)[38]。这类整合酶的活性低且容易失活,其基因盒捕获效率显著低于Ⅰ类整合酶,因此只有少数研究报道了沙门菌中存在Ⅱ类整合子[39⁃40]。Ⅱ类整合子通常携带三个经典的耐药性基因盒dfrA1、sat2和aadA1,主要通过嵌入转座子Tn7实现染色体定位与水平转移,在肠杆菌科内扩散[41⁃42]。近期研究发现,Ⅱ类整合子在鼠伤寒沙门菌盒海德堡沙门菌中检出率最高[43]。基于现有研究,沙门菌整合子所携带的ARG以及基因阵列已在多地区以及不同物种中发现[44](如表2所示)。
接合元件(integrative and conjugative elements, ICEs),存在于细菌染色体上的MGE,在接合过程中通过IV型分泌系统将单链DNA分子从供体转移到受体细胞,整合到宿主染色体中,是细菌间HGT的重要机制[45⁃46]。最近的研究发现沙门菌中一种新的偶联元件ICE1,其编码IVb型菌毛纵子的ICE,能够促进伤寒沙门菌的ARG转移至非伤寒沙门菌血清型[47]。移动元件(integrated microbial elements, IMEs)与ICEs相似,近年来被认为是抗生素耐药性与重金属耐受性的关键元件,但由于缺乏完成转移所需的基因,无法自行传播[48]。沙门菌中的IME则需通过其他接合元件来动员(如接合性质粒或ICEs),将ARG转移至受体菌,并通过其attIME位点进行位点特异性重组,将基因重新整合到受体菌的染色体中[45,49⁃50]。
转座子(transposon, Tn)是一类可在基因组内移动的遗传元件,亦称“跳跃基因”,是由两端插入序列(IS)及中间基因构成共同组成,可在基因组内不同位点之间移动并携带ARG,通过转座酶的活性在基因组内不同位点之间移动的遗传元件[51]。虽然转座子不能直接在细胞间发生转移,但可整合到质粒或ICE中,通过这些元件转移到其他细菌中[46,52⁃53]。常见的典型Tn21通常仅编码介导链霉素及磺胺类药物耐药的基因在沙门菌中十分常见[54],而更为复杂的Tn21样转座子(如Tn6088和Tn6088_pOU7519)包含更多的ARG[55]。结合全基因组序列分析,对于沙门菌的转座子进一步研究发现,一种新型转座子Tn6777,可携带6种耐药性基因[56]。转座子Tn7540(可携带blaNDM-9、aadA2和sul1)也在沙门菌中被首次发现,可以与IS26插入元件相互作用,加速ARG的传播[57]。
IS在沙门菌传播ARG方面的作用同样非常重要,且常与转座子同时发生转移。IS可招募一个或一组基因,动员转座子并促进其传播到新的位置,并能增强邻近潜在抗性基因的表达[58]。这些IS常与接合质粒中的ARG同时出现,质粒与IS之间相互作用,介导ARG水平转移,扩展复杂沙门菌群落中ARG的水平传播范围[59]。其中,IS6家族插入序列在沙门菌中较为常见,IS26是IS6家族中最具特征的IS,该家族还包括IS257、IS1216、IS1006和IS1008等,与沙门菌中ARG的水平传播密切相关[60]。对特定IS与已知ARG关系分析表明,现已发现的IS6、Tn3、IS4和IS1(及其衍生物)可介导沙门菌中多种ARG的水平转移,且在沙门菌中分布高度丰富[9,61]。
转化作用(transformation)是细菌通过摄取环境中游离DNA片段,经同源重组或自主复制获得新遗传性状的过程。转化过程要求游离DNA克服多重屏障:其一,细胞膜渗透屏障(阳性菌通过自溶素裂解释放DNA,阴性菌依赖Ⅳ型分泌系统);其二,DNA酶抗性(分泌型核酸酶清除细菌DNA),同源重组整合(RecA蛋白介导单链DNA与染色体配对完成重组)[62]。但是沙门菌的转化过程在自然情况下频率较低,因为该过程需要细胞处于感受态,因此在自然环境中,单一的转化作用对于ARG的水平传播频率相对较小[63]。而在近期研究发现生物膜(biofilm)作为“基因交换热点”,其胞外聚合物(EPS)可富集DNA并屏蔽核酸酶活性;此外,亚抑制浓度抗生素可诱导recA表达上调,促进沙门菌对β-内酰胺酶基因的捕获与转化,加速沙门菌的β-内酰胺类耐药进化[64]。
转导作用(transduction),是由噬菌体介导的基因转移过程,噬菌体作为ARG的重要载体,与宿主共进化驱动ARG水平传播[65]。噬菌体广泛存在于人类与动物肠道中,是HGT的重要媒介之一[66]。噬菌体通过溶原性整合或包装机制转移ARG,通过整合到细菌染色体中并在细胞分裂期间被动复制,增强宿主适应性。一项宏基因组学分析显示,污水处理厂中约12%的噬菌体颗粒携带blaTEM或qnrS基因,而广宿主噬菌体可介导沙门菌发生该类ARG的跨属转移[67]。携带mcr-1基因的噬菌体可在沙门菌与假单胞菌属间转导,导致多黏菌素耐药性的扩散[68-69]。研究表明,在仔猪盲肠中发现,噬菌体是ARG的重要储存库,在猪的肠道发现一种噬菌体中共鉴定出241个ARG,大大拓宽了肠杆菌科细菌的耐药性传播[66,70⁃71]。噬菌体虽然对细菌具有较高的宿主特异性,但是随着临床噬菌体疗法作为应对抗生素耐药性挑战的替代策略,细菌对噬菌体产生的耐受性(phage resistance)问题也日益凸显[72]。这种选择主要是在MGE水平上发挥作用,在MGE上编码的噬菌体抗性基因可使噬菌体抗性成为一种可通过HGT快速获得或丢失的表型,且不受核心基因组编码的生理或代谢特征的影响。在反复或长期使用噬菌体进行治疗时,噬菌体耐受性更容易发生,并通过HGT在细菌种群中迅速水平传播[73]。编码噬菌体耐受性的基因经常与抗生素耐药基因ARG共同定位于相同的MGE上,当这些MGE通过HGT在细菌种群中传播时,会同时导致噬菌体耐受性和抗生素耐药性的共转移(co-transfer)[74]。这种协同传播机制使得受体菌能够同时获得对抗生素和潜在治疗性噬菌体的抵抗能力,极大增加了控制耐药菌感染的复杂性,对公共卫生构成了新的威胁。因此,噬菌体耐受基因的水平转移机制及其与ARG传播的密切相关性[75]。
近期关于噬菌体耐受性的研究发现,逆转录系统是介导沙门菌耐药性以及噬菌体耐受性的关键途径。其中,逆转录酶是由非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)和专门的逆转录酶(RT)组成的遗传元件,这些元件通常生成嵌合的RNA-DNA分子。研究首先发现,retron ncRNA是抗噬菌体防御系统中的一个功能成分,该系统在多种细菌中广泛存在,并赋予细菌对多种噬菌体的抵抗力[76]。具有相似基因组成的retron系统都含有核糖基转移酶效应器,可抵御完全不同的噬菌体[77]。其次,RecBCD作为细菌中具有抗噬菌体功能的复合物,retron具有保护RecBCD作用。当菌体发生噬菌体感染时,噬菌体蛋白抑制RecBCD从而触发retron,导致噬菌体流产感染。携带Retron-Eco8系统的质粒可编码retron防御系统,且很容易通过HGT转化到多种RecBCD缺失菌株中[78]。因此,噬菌体介导HGT的同时,也驱动细菌进化出噬菌体耐受。
外膜囊泡作为HGT的新机制,是细菌间通讯交流的一种活跃的、基本的调节机制,被认为是细菌转化作用的延伸[79]。因其可携带和保护转化细菌遗传物质,使包装在转化体内的供体DNA不受限制性酶和细胞降解酶的影响,从而促进转化的过程。沙门菌的主要囊泡形式为外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicle,OMV),是介导水平基因转移常见的重要途径之一[80]。沙门菌的OMV对内容物具有一定的选择性,取决于各种环境中的影响因素(温度、pH、抗生素、重金属等),且环境中抗生素浓度(尤其在亚抑制剂量浓度)可直接影响其所携带的ARG数量以及在HGT中的发生频率[81]。
一方面,OMV通过阻碍抗生素的活性,结合并吸收抗菌肽或噬菌体,从而起到物理屏障的作用[82]。例如,亚抑制剂量的β-内酰胺类抗生素增加沙门菌对多黏菌素B的细菌存活率,这一现象源于β-内酰胺类抗生素诱导沙门菌过度产生OMV,且这些OMV对多黏菌素B具有更高亲和力,降低其生物可利用度[83]。另一方面,OMV作为载体无需细胞直接接触的情况下,可以保护细菌活性成分(包括ARG)进行水平基因传递[84]。在环境中亚抑制剂量浓度抗生素暴露的情况下,OMV中所携带的ARG数量显著增长,从供体细胞转移至受体细胞中[85]。沙门菌可通过OMV接收含有blaCTX-M-15和blaTEM-1基因的质粒(如pESBL),获得对头孢噻肟、头孢他啶和头孢多肟的耐药性,并表达ESBL表型,进一步促进ARG的传播[86]。研究发现,OMV作为高效的保护性NDM-1转运体,将一株分泌携带NDM-1(碳青霉烯耐药性)的沙门菌OMV参与多菌种混合感染,其他混合感染中的易感细菌可能会对碳青霉烯类产生耐药性并表现出耐药表型[87]。近期有研究发现,rfaE、tolR和degS是参与OMV生物发生的三个不同遗传决定因素[88],在生理条件下,OMV介导的多黏菌素B耐受性可在不进行基因交换的情况下,将ΔtolR和ΔdegS沙门菌菌株的OMV依赖型多黏菌素耐受性短暂转移至其他易感细菌[89]。此外,在生物膜中,OMV可嵌入基质,通过eDNA架桥形成基因传递网络,为OMV提供转移场所,并且已有研究证实沙门菌生物膜内OMV介导的ARG转移效率比浮游状态高[90]。
成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR)及其相关蛋白(Cas)是原核生物用来防御外来遗传因子的适应性免疫系统[91]。CRISPR-cas是近年来的研究热点,在HGT调控、外源基因抵抗以及噬菌体耐受作用中发挥重要作用。CRISPR相关转座酶(CRISPR-associated transposase,CAST),是一类由CRISPR-cas系统与转座酶融合形成的系统,使用CRISPR相关蛋白和Tn7家族转座子进行RNA引导的水平转移[92]。在沙门菌中,I-F型与V-K型CAST系统均能引导Tn7类转座子靶向插入到受体菌的染色体保守位点(如glmS),该过程称为归巢(homing)效应[93⁃95]。在I-F型与V-K型CAST系统作用的情况下,在保守序列附近都发现了定位归巢的crRNA。CAST系统偶联MGE转移至受体菌,随后,TnsD途径靶向宿主保守位点,以安全地归巢到易感细菌染色体,这条途径使转座子能够安全有效地从一个宿主转移到另一个宿主。多数报道的沙门菌中I-F型CRISPR-Cas系统都与ARG相关MGE的水平转移有关[96]。除CAST系统外,最新发现的DdmABC/DdmDE系统通过识别特定质粒序列,触发DNA解旋酶活性,实现靶向降解入侵质粒;可通过解析沙门菌中DdmABC与CAST系统形成的调控网络,为阻断ARG传播提供双靶点策略[97]。
群体感应系统通过细胞间信号分子调节HGT相关基因表达,促进ARG的转移[98⁃100]。近期的研究发现基于沙门菌LuxS/AI-2系统的群体感应则增强与接合活动相关基因的表达,提高接合频率,促进携带ARG相关质粒的转移,证明群体感应系统与HGT之间有直接联系[101]。
SOS应激反应系统是细菌对DNA损伤的一种全局性应激反应,DNA聚合酶III在损伤部位停滞,而解旋酶继续解开DNA,导致细胞内单链DNA的增加[102]。SOS反应能增强沙门菌中整合酶和转座酶的活性,提升基因盒及其他易位元件的转座率,从而导致ARG的快速传播,促进MGE的遗传多样化并转移到周围细菌中[103]。这表明SOS反应是连接抗生素压力与HGT的关键桥梁。研究表明,抗生素压力可激活SOS反应。这种DNA损伤响应机制可被抗生素压力(如亚抑制浓度)触发,例如,氟喹诺酮类药物诱导的SOS反应能够促进质粒从沙门菌DT120和DT104转移到对卡那霉素敏感的受体菌[104]。
细菌通常在自然界中形成高度结构化的多细胞群落,称为生物膜。不同种细菌在生物膜中紧密聚集,表现出对抗生素更强的耐受性。生物膜中,细菌高密度地嵌入由外多糖、淀粉样蛋白、脂质和胞外DNA(extracellular DNA,eDNA)组成的胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)基质。eDNA通过自溶酶介导的细胞裂解释放,参与生物膜基质构建,同时eDNA也是HGT的原材料(包括ARG)[105⁃107]。近期研究表明,沙门菌、大肠杆菌等大多数菌种可以在生物膜中发生基因的转移与传播,有利于ARG的水平转移作用[108]。而在微塑料表面具有大而粗糙以及疏水性结构,更容易被微生物群定植形成生物膜,从而增加附着微生物中ARG的多样性。由于在微塑料生物膜中细胞密度较高,因此细胞之间更有可能相互作用,促进微生物之间多种MGE介导的HGT频率增高,导致ARG在沙门菌与其他种类细菌间传播[109]。
部分环境因素同样可促进ARG的水平转移(如pH、温度、重金属和一氧化氮等),其中,重金属可以通过浓度依赖的方式影响沙门菌ARG的水平转移[110]。研究发现,当环境中同时存在抗菌剂和重金属残留物时,重金属会促进动物肠道微生物群中的ARG发生HGT,进而构成潜在的公共卫生安全风险[111]。一氧化氮可通过抑制参与沙门菌脂多糖生物合成的关键基因的表达,降低膜屏障的完整性,增加供体和受体细胞外膜的通透性,能够显著促进质粒RP4从大肠杆菌向沙门菌的水平转移[112]。肠道炎症提供的环境条件有利于沙门菌的生长,促进温和噬菌体介导的HGT,并且,由于炎症会产生许多应激源,它还会刺激微生物的SOS反应,诱导裂解循环,提高ARG的水平转移效率[113]。
沙门菌作为全球重要的食源性病原体,其抗生素耐药性(AMR)的广泛传播已构成严峻的公共卫生威胁。本综述系统梳理了沙门菌耐药基因(ARG)通过水平基因转移(HGT)实现跨菌种、跨宿主扩散的分子机制与调控网络。其中,移动遗传元件(MGE)作为ARG传播的核心载体,质粒、整合子、接合元件、转座子、插入序列及噬菌体等MGE,通过介导接合(conjugation)、转导(transduction)及转化(transformation),构成ARG水平转移的多样化通道。特别是接合性质粒因其自主转移能力及携带多重耐药基因簇的特性,成为导致临床耐药性暴发的关键驱动力。除经典途径外,研究发现外膜囊泡(OMV)通过选择性包装ARG并屏蔽核酸酶降解,在无需细胞直接接触条件下实现基因传递;而CRISPR相关转座酶系统(CAST)则利用RNA引导的靶向插入,将Tn7类转座子精准整合至受体菌保守位点,为ARG的定向传播提供新路径;此外,生物膜微环境一方面富集胞外DNA(eDNA)作为HGT的遗传物质来源,另一方面通过高细胞密度促进菌体接触,从而显著增强MGE介导的HGT频率。此外,多层级因素协同调控HGT效率,内源上,SOS应激反应系统可通过上调recA表达和整合酶活性,促进DNA损伤条件下的基因重组;群体感应系统可增强接合相关基因表达,提升质粒转移频率;外源上,亚抑制浓度的抗生素和金属粒子等通过破坏膜完整性、诱导囊泡化或激活溶原性噬菌体,显著提高HGT发生率;最后,在动物肠道和微塑料表面形成的生物膜,因高细胞密度和EPS屏障,成为ARG水平转移的热点区域。近期关于逆转录系统、CRISPR-Cas、原核Argonaute以及最新发现的DdmABC/DdmDE等“原核生物免疫系统”,在沙门菌ARG的HGT过程中发挥何种重要作用以及相关机制尚不明确[114⁃117],有待深入探索。综上所述,沙门菌耐药性水平传播能力对食品安全与公共卫生构成持续性挑战,深入解析沙门菌ARG的HGT机制以及相关影响因素,对开发阻断耐药传播的新策略具有重要的科学意义和潜在应用价值。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFE0106300)
  • 安徽省自然科学基金面上项目(2208085MC79)
  • 安徽省教育厅自然科学基金重点项目(2023AH051017)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
LU J E,WU H,WU S B,et al.Salmonella:Infection mechanism and control strategies[J].Microbiol Res,2025,292:128013.
[2]
GBD 2021 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators.Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990-2021:a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050[J].Lancet (London,England),2024,404(10459):1199-1226.
[3]
COOK M A,WRIGHT G D.The past,present,and future of antibiotics[J].Sci Transl Med,2022,14(657):eabo7793.
[4]
CAREY M E,DYSON Z A,INGLE D J,et al.Global diversity and antimicrobial resistance of typhoid fever pathogens:Insights from a meta-analysis of 13,000 Salmonella Typhi genomes[J].eLife,2023,12:e85867.
[5]
LIU H B,ZHENG L J,FAN H M,et al.Genomic analysis of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in eight strains of nontyphoid Salmonella[J].mSystems,2024,9(9):e00586-24.
[6]
POLZ M F,ALM E J,HANAGE W P.Horizontal gene transfer and the evolution of bacterial and archaeal population structure[J].Trends Genet,2013,29(3):170-175.
[7]
TOYOFUKU M,SCHILD S,KAPARAKIS-LIASKOS M,et al.Composition and functions of bacterial membrane vesicles[J].Nat Rev Microbiol,2023,21(7):415-430.
[8]
RODRÍGUEZ-BELTRÁN J,DELAFUENTE J,LEÓN-SAMPEDRO R,et al.Beyond horizontal gene transfer:the role of plasmids in bacterial evolution[J].Nat Rev Microbiol,2021,19(6):347-359.
[9]
PARTRIDGE S R,KWONG S M,FIRTH N,et al.Mobile genetic elements associated with antimicrobial resistance[J].Clin Microbiol Rev,2018,31(4):e00088-17.
[10]
ABUKHATTAB S,HOSCH S,ABU-RMEILEH N M E,et al.Whole-genome sequencing for One Health surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in conflict zones:a case study of Salmonella spp.and Campylobacter spp.in the West Bank,Palestine[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2023,89(9):e0065823.
[11]
TANSIRICHAIYA S,GOODMAN R N,GUO X,et al.Intracellular transposition and capture of mobile genetic elements following intercellular conjugation of multidrug resistance conjugative plasmids from clinical enterobacteriaceae isolates[J].Microbiol Spect,2022,10(1):e0214021.
[12]
MOLLENKOPF D F,MATHYS D A,DARGATZ D A,et al.Genotypic and epidemiologic characterization of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistant Salmonella enterica from US beef feedlots[J].Prev Vet Med,2017,146:143-149.
[13]
LEÓN-SAMPEDRO R,DELAFUENTE J,DÍAZ-AGERO C,et al.Pervasive transmission of a carbapenem resistance plasmid in the gut microbiota of hospitalized patients[J].Nat Microbiol,2021,6(5):606-616.
[14]
ACMAN M,WANG R,VAN DORP L,et al.Role of mobile genetic elements in the global dissemination of the carbapenem resistance gene blaNDM[J].Nat Commun,2022,13(1) 1131.
[15]
ROBERTS A P,MULLANY P.Tn916-like genetic elements:a diverse group of modular mobile elements conferring antibiotic resistance[J].FEMS Microbiol Rev,2011,35(5):856-871.
[16]
赵秋云,沈焕钧,宋厚辉,等.一株携带耐药基因blaCTX-M-27沙门菌P1-CTX噬菌体-质粒的分离及生物学特性分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2025,56(7):3519-3527.
ZHAO Q Y,SHEN H J,SONG H H,et al.Isolation and characterization of Salmonella phage P1-CTX carrying blaCTX-M-27[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2025,56(7):3519-3527.(in Chinese)
[17]
EMOND-RHEAULT J G,HAMEL J,JEUKENS J,et al.The Salmonella enterica plasmidome as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance[J].Microorganisms,2020,8(7):1016.
[18]
张 鹏.抗菌药物促进携带质粒细菌的体外进化、小鼠肠道定殖及其肠道菌群影响机制的研究[D].天津:南开大学,2021.
ZHANG P.Antibacterial agents catalized the evolution ofplasmid-carrying bacteria,facilitated their gutcolonization,and induced the intestinal injuryvia disturbing gut microbiota[D].Tianjin:Nankai University,2021.(in Chinese)
[19]
RODRIGUES G L,PANZENHAGEN P,FERRARI R G,et al.Frequency of antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella from Brazil by in silico whole-genome sequencing analysis:An overview of the last four decades[J].Front Microbiol,2020,11:1864.
[20]
CHEN K,DONG N,ZHAO S,et al.Identification and characterization of conjugative plasmids that encode ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2018,62(8):e00575-18.
[21]
GUINEY D G,FIERER J.The role of the spv genes in Salmonella pathogenesis[J].Front Microbiol,2011,2:129.
[22]
ROZWANDOWICZ M,BROUWER M S M,FISCHER J,et al.Plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae[J].J Antimicrob Chemother,2018,73(5):1121-1137.
[23]
LIU Y Y,WANG Y,WALSH T R,et al.Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China:a microbiological and molecular biological study[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2016,16(2):161-168.
[24]
HAN J,LYNNE A M,DAVID D E,et al.DNA sequence analysis of plasmids from multidrug resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolates[J].PloS One,2012,7(12):e51160.
[25]
CHEN K,CHAN E W C,CHEN S.Evolution and transmission of a conjugative plasmid encoding both ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone resistance in Salmonella[J].Emerg Microbes Infect,2019,8(1):396-403.
[26]
ALIKHAN N F,MORENO L Z,CASTELLANOS L R,et al.Dynamics of Salmonella enterica and antimicrobial resistance in the Brazilian poultry industry and global impacts on public health[J].PLoS Genet,2022,18(6):e1010174.
[27]
XIE M,CHEN K,CHAN E W C,et al.Identification and genetic characterization of two conjugative plasmids that confer azithromycin resistance in Salmonella[J].Emerg Microbes Infect,2022,11(1):1049-1057.
[28]
CHEN K,YANG C,DONG N,et al.Evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance-encoding genetic elements in Salmonella[J].mSystems,2020,5(6):e01234-20.
[29]
ZHAO Y,CAO Z,CUI L,et al.Enrofloxacin promotes plasmid-mediated conjugation transfer of fluoroquinolone-resistance gene qnrS[J].Front Microbiol,2021,12:773664.
[30]
YU F,CHEN Q,YU X,et al.High prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant aac(6′)-Ib-cr amongst Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates from hospitalised paediatric patients with diarrhoea in China[J].Int J Antimicrob Agents,2011,37(2):152-155.
[31]
CHAUDHARI R,SINGH K,KODGIRE P.Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp[J].Res Microbiol,2023,174(1-2):103985.
[32]
苏志国,张 衍,代天娇,等.环境中抗生素抗性基因与Ⅰ型整合子的研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2018,45(10):2217-2233.
SU Z G,ZHANG Y,DAI T J,et al.Antibiotic resistance genes and class 1 integron in the environment:research progressSU[J].Microbiology China,2018,45(10):2217-2233.(in Chinese)
[33]
MA J,AN N,LI W,et al.Antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of gene cassettes from class 1 integrons in Salmonella strains[J].J Med Microbiol,2022,71(9):doi:10.1099/jmm.0.001574.
[34]
田禹齐.鼠伤寒沙门菌单相变异体SugE外排泵抵御季铵盐消毒剂的机制及其对毒力的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2024.
TIAN Y Q.Mechanism of resistance to quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant by SugE effector pump of monophase variant of Salmonella typhimurium and its influence on virulence [D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2024.(in Chinese)
[35]
李彦媚,赵喜红,徐泽智,等.新型细菌耐药元件——整合子系统[J].中国抗生素杂志,2012,37(1):1-7.
LI Y M,ZHAO X H,XU Z Z,et al.Novel bacterial drug resistance components:integrated subsystem [J].Chinese Journal of Antibiotics,2012,37(01):1-7.(in Chinese)
[36]
VILLA L,CARATTOLI A.Integrons and transposons on the Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium virulence plasmid[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2005,49(3):1194-1197.
[37]
LAI J,WANG Y,SHEN J,et al.Unique class 1 integron and multiple resistance genes co-located on IncHI2 plasmid is associated with the emerging multidrug resistance of Salmonella Indiana isolated from chicken in China[J].Foodborne Pathog Dis,2013,10(7):581-588.
[38]
WANG X,KONG N,CAO M,et al.Comparison of class 2 integron integrase activities[J].Curr Microbiol,2021,78(3):967-978.
[39]
WEI Q,HU Q,LI S,et al.A novel functional class 2 integron in clinical Proteus mirabilis isolates[J].J Antimicrob Chemother,2014,69(4):973-976.
[40]
ARGÜELLO H,GUERRA B,RODRÍGUEZ I,et al.Characterization of antimicrobial resistance determinants and Class 1 and Class 2 integrons in Salmonella enterica spp.,multidrug-resistant isolates from pigs[J].Genes,2018,9(5):256.
[41]
HANSSON K,SUNDSTRÖM L,PELLETIER A,et al.IntI2 integron integrase in Tn7[J].J Bacteriol,2002,184(6):1712-1721.
[42]
RAMÍREZ M S,QUIROGA C,CENTRÓN D.Novel rearrangement of a class 2 integron in two non-epidemiologically related isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2005,49(12):5179-5181.
[43]
KIM S,KIM S H,KIM J,et al.Occurrence and distribution of various genetic structures of class 1 and class 2 integrons in Salmonella enterica isolates from foodborne disease patients in Korea for 16 years[J].Foodborne Pathog Dis,2011,8(2):319-324.
[44]
VAN T T H,NGUYEN H N K,SMOOKER P M,et al.The antibiotic resistance characteristics of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolated from food-producing animals,retail meat and humans in South East Asia[J].Int J Food Microbiol,2012,154(3):98-106.
[45]
DELAVAT F,MIYAZAKI R,CARRARO N,et al.The hidden life of integrative and conjugative elements[J].FEMS Microbiol Rev,2017,41(4):512-537.
[46]
TOKUDA M,SHINTANI M.Microbial evolution through horizontal gene transfer by mobile genetic elements[J].Microb Biotechnol,2024,17(1):e14408.
[47]
丁瑞雪.乳源大肠杆菌耐药基因blaCTX-M的定位及水平转移分子机制研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2023.
DING R X.Localization and molecular mechanism of horizontal transfer of blaCTX-M gene in milk-derived Escherichia coli [D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2023.(in Chinese)
[48]
DE CURRAIZE C,SIEBOR E,NEUWIRTH C.Genomic islands related to Salmonella genomic island 1; integrative mobilisable elements in trmE mobilised in trans by A/C plasmids[J].Plasmid,2021,114:102565.
[49]
DOUBLET B,BOYD D,MULVEY M R,et al.The Salmonella genomic island 1 is an integrative mobilizable element[J].Mol Microbiol,2005,55(6):1911-1924.
[50]
于润浩.可移动元件促进肠杆菌科细菌替加环素耐药基因传播及耐药水平增强的机制[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2024.
YU R H.Mechanism of mobile elements promoting the spread and enhancement of tigacycline resistance gene in Enterobacteriaceae[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2024.(in Chinese)
[51]
NIGRO S,HALL R M.Distribution of the blaOXA-23-containing transposons Tn2006 and Tn2008 in Australian carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates[J].J Antimicrob Chemother,2015,70(8):2409-2411.
[52]
唐敏嘉,何卓琳,蒲万霞.获得性16S rRNA甲基化酶的研究进展[J].畜牧兽医学报,2021,52(9):2369-2383.
TANG M J,HE Z L,PU W X.The research progress of acquired 16S rRNA methyltransferases[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2021,52(9):2369-2383.(in Chinese)
[53]
GU Y,LÜ Z,CAO C,et al.Cunning plasmid fusion mediates antibiotic resistance genes represented by ESBLs encoding genes transfer in foodborne Salmonella[J].Int J Food Microbiol,2021,355:109336.
[54]
LIEBERT C A,HALL R M,SUMMERS A O.Transposon Tn21,flagship of the floating genome[J].Microbiol Mol Biol Rev,1999,63(3):507-522.
[55]
CHEN C L,SU L H,JANAPATLA R P,et al.Genetic analysis of virulence and antimicrobial-resistant plasmid pOU7519 in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis[J].J Microbiol Immunol Infect,2020,53(1):49-59.
[56]
ZHOU L,HAN Y Y,YANG X,et al.Whole genome sequence of Salmonella Rissen SCSW714,a porcine strain harbouring a novel multidrug-resistant Tn7-like pco- and sil-containing transposon[J].J Glob Antimicrob Resist,2022,29:307-309.
[57]
SUN Y,HAN Y,QIAN C,et al.A novel transposon Tn7540 carrying blaNDM-9 and fosA3 in chromosome of a pathogenic multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana isolated from human faeces[J].J Glob Antimicrob Resist,2023,33:72-77.
[58]
HARMER C J,HALL R M.IS26 and the IS26 family:versatile resistance gene movers and genome reorganizers[J].Microbiol Mol Biol Rev,2024,88(2):e0011922.
[59]
CHE Y,YANG Y,XU X,et al.Conjugative plasmids interact with insertion sequences to shape the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2021,118(6):e2008731118.
[60]
VARANI A,HE S,SIGUIER P,et al.The IS6 family,a clinically important group of insertion sequences including IS26[J].Mobile DNA,2021,12(1):11.
[61]
KRÜGER G I,PARDO-ESTÉ C,ZEPEDA P,et al.Mobile genetic elements drive the multidrug resistance and spread of Salmonella serotypes along a poultry meat production line[J].Front Microbiol,2023,14:1072793.
[62]
GRIFFITH F.The significance of pneumococcal types[J].J Hyg (Lond),1928,27(2):113-159.
[63]
GARRIDO V,ARRIETA-GISASOLA A,MIGURA-GARCÍA L,et al.Multidrug resistance in Salmonella isolates of swine origin:mobile genetic elements and plasmids associated with cephalosporin resistance with potential transmission to humans[J].App Environ Microbiol,2024,90(5):e0026424.
[64]
ZHANG P,DU Q,WANG Y,et al.Systematic representation and optimization enable the inverse design of cross-species regulatory sequences in bacteria[J].Nat Commun,2025,16(1):1763.
[65]
HUMPHREY S,FILLOL-SALOM A,QUILES-PUCHALT N,et al.Bacterial chromosomal mobility via lateral transduction exceeds that of classical mobile genetic elements[J].Nat Commun,2021,12(1):6509.
[66]
HU J,CHEN J,NIE Y,et al.Characterizing the gut phageome and phage-borne antimicrobial resistance genes in pigs[J].Microbiome,2024,12(1):102.
[67]
ZHANG S,ABBAS M,REHMAN M U,et al.Updates on the global dissemination of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli:An emerging threat to public health[J].Sci Total Environ,2021,799:149280.
[68]
WAN Y,WICK R R,ZOBEL J,et al.GeneMates:an R package for detecting horizontal gene co-transfer between bacteria using gene-gene associations controlled for population structure[J].BMC Genomics,2020,21(1):658.
[69]
冉红丽,温 馨,胥娇娇,等.种养循环模式中黏菌素抗性基因mcr-1的归趋[J].畜牧兽医学报,2025,56(10):4851-4862.
RAN H L,WEN X,XU J J,et al.Fate of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in crop-livestock integrated farming systems[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2025,56(10):4851-4862.(in Chinese)
[70]
JI Y,XI H,ZHAO Z,et al.Metagenomics analysis reveals potential pathways and drivers of piglet gut phage-mediated transfer of ARGs[J].Sci Total Environ,2023,859(Pt 2):160304.
[71]
LI L,ZHANG M,WANG W,et al.Identification and characterization of two novel ISCR1-associated genes dfrA42 and dfrA43 encoding trimethoprim resistant dihydrofolate reductases[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2023,95(5):e02010-20,AAC.02010-20.
[72]
GEORJON H,BERNHEIM A.The highly diverse antiphage defence systems of bacteria[J].Nat Rev Microbiol,2023,21(10):686-700.
[73]
HUSSAIN F A,DUBERT J,ELSHERBINI J,et al.Rapid evolutionary turnover of mobile genetic elements drives bacterial resistance to phages[J].Science (New York,N.Y.),2021,374(6566):488-492.
[74]
HUANG J,DAI X,WU Z,et al.Conjugative transfer of streptococcal prophages harboring antibiotic resistance and virulence genes[J].ISME J,2023,17(9):1467-1481.
[75]
LIAO H,LIU C,ZHOU S,et al.Prophage-encoded antibiotic resistance genes are enriched in human-impacted environments[J].Nat Commun,2024,15(1):8315.
[76]
SIMON A J,ELLINGTON A D,FINKELSTEIN I J.Retrons and their applications in genome engineering[J].Nucleic Acids Res,2019,47(21):11007-11019.
[77]
MILLMAN A,BERNHEIM A,STOKAR-AVIHAIL A,et al.Bacterial retrons function in anti-phage defense[J].Cell,2020,183(6):1551-1561.e12.
[78]
SASAKI T,TAKITA S,FUJISHIRO T,et al.Phage single-stranded DNA-binding protein or host DNA damage triggers the activation of the AbpAB phage defense system[J].mSphere,2023,8(6):e0037223.
[79]
WANG M,YAO Y,YANG Y,et al.The characterization of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and their role in mediating antibiotic-resistance gene transfer through natural transformation in Riemerella anatipestifer[J].Poult Sci,2025,104(2):104730.
[80]
XU H,TAN C,LI C,et al.ESBL-Escherichia coli extracellular vesicles mediate bacterial resistance to β-lactam and mediate horizontal transfer of blaCTX-M-55[J].Int J Antimicrob Agents,2024,63(5):107145.
[81]
SCHWECHHEIMER C,KUEHN M J.Outer-membrane vesicles from Gram-negative bacteria:biogenesis and functions[J].Nat Rev Microbiol,2015,13(10):605-619.
[82]
KAPARAKIS-LIASKOS M,FERRERO R L.Immune modulation by bacterial outer membrane vesicles[J].Nat Rev Immunol,2015,15(6):375-387.
[83]
MARCHANT P,VIVANCO E,SILVA A,et al.β-lactam-induced OMV release promotes polymyxin tolerance in Salmonella enterica sv.Typhi[J].Front Microbiol,2024,15:1389663.
[84]
MARINACCI B,KRZYŻEK P,PELLEGRINI B,et al.Latest update on outer membrane vesicles and their role in horizontal gene transfer:A mini-review[J].Membranes,2023,13(11):860.
[85]
FULSUNDAR S,HARMS K,FLATEN G E,et al.Gene transfer potential of outer membrane vesicles of Acinetobacter baylyi and effects of stress on vesiculation[J].App Environ Microbiol,2014,80(11):3469-3483.
[86]
BIELASZEWSKA M,DANIEL O,KARCH H,et al.Dissemination of the blaCTX-M-15 gene among Enterobacteriaceae via outer membrane vesicles[J].J Antimicrob Chemother,2020,75(9):2442-2451.
[87]
MARTÍNEZ M M B,BONOMO R A,VILA A J,et al.On the offensive:the role of outer membrane vesicles in the successful dissemination of new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1)[J].mBio,2021,12(5):e0183621.
[88]
NEVERMANN J,SILVA A,OTERO C,et al.Identification of genes involved in biogenesis of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi[J].Front Microbiol,2019,10:104.
[89]
MARCHANT P,CARREÑO A,VIVANCO E,et al.“One for all”:Functional transfer of OMV-mediated polymyxin B resistance from Salmonella enterica sv.Typhi ΔtolR and ΔdegS to susceptible bacteria[J].Front Microbiol,2021,12:672467.
[90]
LU J,LI L,PAN F,et al.PagC is involved in salmonella pullorum OMVs production and affects biofilm production[J].Vet Microbiol,2020,247:108778.
[91]
HILLE F,RICHTER H,WONG S P,et al.The biology of CRISPR-Cas:Backward and forward[J].Cell,2018,172(6):1239-1259.
[92]
HU K,CHOU C W,WILKE C O,et al.Distinct horizontal transfer mechanisms for type I and type V CRISPR-associated transposons[J].Nat Commun,2024,15(1):6653.
[93]
STRECKER J,LADHA A,GARDNER Z,et al.RNA-guided DNA insertion with CRISPR-associated transposases[J].Science (New York,N.Y.),2019,365(6448):48-53.
[94]
PETASSI M T,HSIEH S C,PETERS J E.Guide RNA categorization enables target site choice in Tn7-CRISPR-Cas transposons[J].Cell,2020,183(7):1757-1771.e18.
[95]
KLOMPE S E,VO P L H,HALPIN-HEALY T S,et al.Transposon-encoded CRISPR-Cas systems direct RNA-guided DNA integration[J].Nature,2019,571(7764):219-225.
[96]
SAITO M,LADHA A,STRECKER J,et al.Dual modes of CRISPR-associated transposon homing[J].Cell,2021,184(9):2441-2453.e18.
[97]
YANG X Y,SHEN Z,WANG C,et al.DdmDE eliminates plasmid invasion by DNA-guided DNA targeting[J].Cell,2024,187(19):5253-5266.e16.
[98]
WANG Y,LIU B,GRENIER D,et al.Regulatory mechanisms of the LuxS/AI-2 system and bacterial resistance[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2019,63(10):e01186-19.
[99]
ZENG X,LIN J.Factors influencing horizontal gene transfer in the intestine[J].Anim Health Res Rev,2017,18(2):153-159.
[100]
于艳超,王莉莉,潘 巧,等.肠炎沙门菌luxS缺失株的构建及其生物学特性研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2018,49(6):1291-1298.
YU Y C,WANG L L,PAN Q,et al.Construction and biological characteristics of Salmonella Enterica serovar enteritidis luxS mutant[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2018,49(6):1291-1298.(in Chinese)
[101]
WANG Y,LU J,MAO L,et al.Antiepileptic drug carbamazepine promotes horizontal transfer of plasmid-borne multi-antibiotic resistance genes within and across bacterial genera[J].ISME J,2019,13(2):509-522.
[102]
CHINEMEREM NWOBODO D,UGWU M C,OLISELOKE ANIE C,et al.Antibiotic resistance:The challenges and some emerging strategies for tackling a global menace[J].J Clin Lab Anal,2022,36(9):e24655.
[103]
PORNSUKAROM S,THAKUR S.Horizontal dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants in multiple Salmonella serotypes following isolation from the commercial swine operation environment after manure application[J].App Environ Microbiol,2017,83(20):e01503-17.
[104]
ALJAHDALI N H,SANAD Y M,HAN J,et al.Current knowledge and perspectives of potential impacts of Salmonella enterica on the profile of the gut microbiota[J].BMC Microbiol,2020,20(1):353.
[105]
FULAZ S,VITALE S,QUINN L,et al.Nanoparticle-biofilm interactions:The role of the EPS matrix[J].Trends Microbiol,2019,27(11):915-926.
[106]
SAHU P K,IYER P S,OAK A M,et al.Characterization of eDNA from the clinical strain Acinetobacter baumannii AIIMS 7 and its role in biofilm formation[J].Sci World J,2012,2012:973436.
[107]
BUZZO J R,DEVARAJ A,GLOAG E S,et al.Z-form extracellular DNA is a structural component of the bacterial biofilm matrix[J].Cell,2021,184(23):5740-5758.e17.
[108]
SHARMA D K,RAJPUROHIT Y S.Multitasking functions of bacterial extracellular DNA in biofilms[J].J Bacteriol,2024,206(4):e0000624.
[109]
GUO X P,YANG Y,LU D P,et al.Biofilms as a sink for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the Yangtze Estuary[J].Water Res,2018,129:277-286.
[110]
任之行.土壤抗生素抗性基因转移风险识别与调控[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2024.
REN Z X.Risk identification and regulation of soil antibiotic resistance gene transfer [D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2024.(in Chinese)
[111]
沈 聪.养殖场粪污抗生素和抗性基因分布特征与土霉素降解菌筛选鉴定及降解能力研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2024.
SHEN C.Distribution characteristics of antibiotic and resistance genes in manure and study on screening,identification and degradation ability of oxytetracycline degrading bacteria [D].Yinchuan:Ningxia University,2024.(in Chinese)
[112]
HUANG H,FENG G,WANG M,et al.Nitric oxide:A neglected driver for the conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among wastewater microbiota[J].Environ Sci Technol,2022,56(10):6466-6478.
[113]
DIARD M,BAKKEREN E,CORNUAULT J K,et al.Inflammation boosts bacteriophage transfer between Salmonella spp[J].Science (New York,N.Y.),2017,355(6330):1211-1215.
[114]
BRAVO J P K,RAMOS D A,FREGOSO OCAMPO R,et al.Plasmid targeting and destruction by the DdmDE bacterial defence system[J].Nature,2024,630(8018):961-967.
[115]
PINILLA-REDONDO R,MAYO-MUÑOZ D,RUSSEL J,et al.Type IV CRISPR-Cas systems are highly diverse and involved in competition between plasmids[J].Nucleic Acids Res,2020,48(4):2000-2012.
[116]
MAYO-MUÑOZ D,PINILLA-REDONDO R,BIRKHOLZ N,et al.A host of armor:Prokaryotic immune strategies against mobile genetic elements[J].Cell Rep,2023,42(7):112672.
[117]
LOEFF L,ADAMS D W,CHANEZ C,et al.Molecular mechanism of plasmid elimination by the DdmDE defense system[J].Science (New York,N.Y.),2024,385(6705):188-194.
2026年第57卷第1期
PDF下载
253
116
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.010
  • 接收时间:2025-04-10
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-01-23
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-10
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFE0106300)
安徽省自然科学基金面上项目(2208085MC79)
安徽省教育厅自然科学基金重点项目(2023AH051017)
作者信息
    安徽农业大学动物医学院,合肥 230036

通讯作者:

左儒楠,主要从事兽医药理与毒理学研究,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xmsyxb/CN/10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.010
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏